CN114725436B - Control method of fuel cell air system - Google Patents
Control method of fuel cell air system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114725436B CN114725436B CN202210560766.XA CN202210560766A CN114725436B CN 114725436 B CN114725436 B CN 114725436B CN 202210560766 A CN202210560766 A CN 202210560766A CN 114725436 B CN114725436 B CN 114725436B
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- fuel cell
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- air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a control method of a fuel cell air system, which is different from the traditional control method for constructing a variable load path based on steady-state points, and takes economical efficiency as a control target in the dynamic variable load process, and obtains the economical efficiency optimal dynamic variable load path by solving an objective function or solving the economical efficiency optimal dynamic variable load path based on a rule method, thereby realizing the economical efficiency optimal control of the fuel cell air system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a control method of an air system of a fuel cell.
Background
The air tail gas of the fuel cell system is high-pressure gas, and in order to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system, an integrated gas compression and energy recovery scheme of an air compressor-expander is generally adopted, but the current air compressor-expander is coaxially designed, so that the air pressure is low and the recovery efficiency is poor when the current is low. During operation of a fuel cell system, which typically includes a steady-state operating point and a dynamic load-varying process, typically, the dynamic load-varying process is typically implemented by continuously jumping between discrete steady-state operating points, but such a control method does not adequately consider the problem of optimizing the efficiency of the dynamic load-varying process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a control method of an air system of a fuel cell, which can realize the economical optimization control of a dynamic load-changing process.
The invention relates to a fuel cell air system, which comprises a flowmeter, an air compressor, a fuel cell stack, a pressure regulating valve and an expander; the flowmeter and the air compressor are arranged on an air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack, and the pressure regulating valve and the expander are arranged on an air tail pipe of the fuel cell stack; the expander and the air compressor are coaxially arranged, and the recovered energy is utilized to assist the air compressor to work.
The control method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving target power, and determining an operation parameter of an air system corresponding to the target power as a target point;
s2: judging the number of steady-state points between the target power and the current power; if there are more than two steady-state points, step S31 is executed, if there is only one steady-state point, step S41 is executed, and if there is no steady-state point, step S51 is executed;
s31: solving and determining an intermediate point with optimal economical efficiency through an objective function optimization algorithm or a rule-based method;
s32: the operation parameters of the air system are changed to the middle point and then to the target point;
s41: the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to a steady-state point closest to the target power, and then the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to the target point;
s51: the operating parameters of the air system are directly loaded to the target point.
Specifically, the steady-state points in step S2 are a plurality of discrete points calibrated in advance by the fuel cell system, for example, a steady-state point is calibrated every 10kW from 10kW to 100kW, and when the steady-state points are located, the operation parameters of the fuel cell system, such as current density or power, air pressure and flow, hydrogen pressure, water temperature at the outlet and inlet of the stack, water content in the membrane, etc., are kept constant, and the voltage can be kept stable for a long time.
The objective function optimization algorithm is to construct an objective function by taking energy consumed by an air compressor and an expander as a target and taking controllability of internal hydrothermal management of a fuel cell stack as a boundary condition, and solve an optimal solution of the objective function. Specifically, the objective function refers to:
where J is the energy consumed in the time t=t1-t 0 and P (t) is the air compressor power consumption P ACMP And expander power consumption P Turbo Wherein the air compressor at time t0 is located at the initial operating point and the air compressor at time t1 is located at the target point. P (P) ACMP And P Turbo Can be determined according to a conventional theoretical formula or an empirical formula, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The rule-based method specifically refers to determining an intermediate point with optimal economy on an MAP of an air compressor through a preset geometric method. Preferably, the geometric method refers to: and (3) making a tangent line of the target parameter equal-efficiency line and a perpendicular line from the current parameter to the target parameter equal-efficiency line, and taking an intersection point of the tangent line and the perpendicular line as an intermediate point.
Alternatively, the step S41 solves the intermediate point for determining the optimal economy through an objective function optimization algorithm or a rule-based method; step S42 is then performed: and (3) changing the operation parameters of the air system to the middle point and then to the target point.
Also alternatively, the step S51 solves the intermediate point for determining the best economy through an objective function optimization algorithm or a rule-based method; step S52 is then performed: and (3) changing the operation parameters of the air system to the middle point and then to the target point. It should be appreciated that the alternative enables further optimization of the efficiency of the dynamic load change process while also adding to some degree to the complexity of the system control method.
According to the control method provided by the invention, in the dynamic load-changing process, the fuel cell air system takes the optimal economical efficiency as a control target, and the optimal economical efficiency of the fuel cell air system is controlled by solving an objective function or solving a dynamic load-changing path based on a rule method.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows the basic constitution of a fuel cell air system;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a control method in an embodiment;
fig. 3 shows a dynamic load-changing path diagram corresponding to the control method in the embodiment.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a flow meter; 2-an air compressor; 3-a dispensing valve; 4-fuel cell stack, 5-pressure regulating valve; 6-expander.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Fig. 1 shows the basic constitution of a fuel cell air system. As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell air system includes a flow meter 1, an air compressor 2, a distribution valve 3, a fuel cell stack 4, a pressure regulating valve 5, and an expander 6.
Wherein, the flowmeter 1, the air compressor 2 and the distribution valve 3 are arranged on an air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack 4 and are used for providing air required by electrochemical reaction for the fuel cell stack 4; the pressure regulating valve 5 and the expander 6 are provided on the air tail gas discharge line of the fuel cell stack 4, and the expander 6 is provided coaxially with the air compressor 2 by recovering energy from high-pressure air tail gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 4.
In addition to the above components, the fuel cell air system generally further includes components such as an intercooler, a humidifier, a gas-liquid separator, and the like, and temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and the like, which can be configured by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and the present invention will not be repeated.
Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment of the control method of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the control method in this embodiment includes the steps of:
s1: receiving target power, and determining an operation parameter of an air system corresponding to the target power as a target point;
s2: judging the number of steady-state points between the target power and the current power; if there are more than two steady-state points, step S31 is executed, if there is only one steady-state point, step S41 is executed, and if there is no steady-state point, step S51 is executed;
s31: the method comprises the steps of solving and determining an intermediate point with optimal economy by a rule-based method, and specifically comprises the following steps: tangential lines of the equal-efficiency line where the target point is located and perpendicular lines from the current parameters to the equal-efficiency line where the target point is located are made, and an intersection point of the tangential lines and the perpendicular lines is taken as an intermediate point;
s32: the operation parameters of the air system are changed to the middle point and then to the target point;
s41: the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to a steady-state point closest to the target power, and then the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to the target point;
s51: the operating parameters of the air system are directly loaded to the target point.
Fig. 3 illustrates a specific application scenario as an example. Fig. 3 shows MAP diagrams of the air compressor, where n1, n2, n3 represent isotachometers, and k1, k2, k3 represent isoefficiency lines. In a specific application scenario, there are 2 steady-state points B between the target power and the current power 1 、B 2 As per the control methods in the prior art, A-B is typically performed 1 -B 2 -a load-varying path of C. According to the control method provided in the above embodiment, since there are two steady-state points, step S31 is performed, the intermediate point D is determined by the intersection of the tangent line and the perpendicular line, and then the current point a is first loaded to the intermediate point D and then to the target point C in step S32.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvement of the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. The control method of the fuel cell air system is characterized in that the fuel cell air system comprises a flowmeter, an air compressor, a fuel cell stack, a pressure regulating valve and an expander; the flowmeter and the air compressor are arranged on an air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack, and the pressure regulating valve and the expander are arranged on an air tail pipe of the fuel cell stack; the expander and the air compressor are coaxially arranged, and the recovered energy is utilized to assist the air compressor to work;
the control method comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving target power, and determining an operation parameter of an air system corresponding to the target power as a target point;
s2: judging the number of steady-state points between the target power and the current power; if there are more than two steady-state points, step S31 is executed, if there is only one steady-state point, step S41 is executed, and if there is no steady-state point, step S51 is executed;
s31: solving and determining an intermediate point with optimal economical efficiency through an objective function optimization algorithm or a rule-based method;
the objective function optimization algorithm is to construct an objective function by taking the energy consumed by the air compressor and the expander as a target and taking the controllability of the internal hydrothermal management of the fuel cell stack as a boundary condition, and solve the optimal solution of the objective function;
the rule-based method is to determine an intermediate point with optimal economy on an MAP of an air compressor through a preset geometric method; the geometric method refers to: tangential lines of the equal-efficiency line where the target point is located and perpendicular lines from the current parameters to the equal-efficiency line where the target point is located are made, and an intersection point of the tangential lines and the perpendicular lines is taken as an intermediate point;
s32: the operation parameters of the air system are changed to the middle point and then to the target point;
s41: the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to a steady-state point closest to the target power, and then the operation parameters of the air system are loaded to the target point;
s51: the operating parameters of the air system are directly loaded to the target point.
2. The control method of a fuel cell air system according to claim 1, wherein the objective function is:
where J is the energy consumed in the Δt=t1-t0 time and P (t) is the air compressor power consumption P ACMP And expander power consumption P Turbo Wherein the air compressor at time t0 is located at the initial operating point and the air compressor at time t1 is located at the target point.
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| CN202210560766.XA CN114725436B (en) | 2022-05-23 | 2022-05-23 | Control method of fuel cell air system |
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| CN202210560766.XA CN114725436B (en) | 2022-05-23 | 2022-05-23 | Control method of fuel cell air system |
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| CN114725436A CN114725436A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
| CN114725436B true CN114725436B (en) | 2023-10-10 |
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