CN114721052A - Seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-logging data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-logging data. The method comprises the following steps: a target well selection step, which is used for selecting a well with logging data meeting preset conditions as a target well; a spherical surface compensation step, which is used for carrying out spherical surface diffusion compensation on the target well data; the single well quality control step is used for comparing shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at a well point position and restraining the vertical amplitude recovery effect of a well side channel; and a well connection quality control step, which is used for controlling the amplitude recovery effect between multiple well points and wells in a well connection mode. Therefore, the method can complete the vertical and transverse amplitude trend quality control of the data by using the synthetic seismic record data of a plurality of wells on the basis of the single-well quality control result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seismic amplitude quality control method, belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-logging data.
Background
Seismic exploration targets are interpreted from large-scale structures, and gradually turn to small-scale lithology identification. Therefore, the amplitude information in the seismic data can really and effectively reflect the rock characteristics, and the key point is to protect and compensate the amplitude information of the effective waves in the seismic data processing process. However, in the current data processing process, the processing effect mainly depends on experience, no measurement scale is available for evaluating data, and the compensation effect is difficult to guarantee. For example, the face appearance and the amplitude attenuation curve of a single shot are compared before and after the amplitude is restored, whether the amplitude is compensated in place or not is judged, and the judgment standard is compared with the subjective judgment and the one-sided judgment.
In order to overcome the defects, the prior art provides a well control seismic data processing technology, seismic data are analyzed and quality controlled by using well data such as well logging, VSP (vertical seismic profiling), and the like, the knowledge deficiency in data processing is made up, the requirement of geological analysis and oil gas development on high-precision lithology explanation of the seismic data is met, and the technologies such as well control amplitude compensation, well control deconvolution, well control inverse Q compensation and the like are further provided on the basis.
However, the current well control processing technology mainly utilizes well information to perform quality control on data of a well side channel, data of a well point and data of a well point cannot be compared on the same standard, and data far away from the well point cannot be subjected to quality control.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention mainly aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, single-well data are used for carrying out quality control on the amplitude recovery effect of a well side channel, parameter difference among multiple wells cannot be dealt with, and the data recovery effect far away from a well point cannot be restrained.
In order to solve the problems, the scheme of the invention is as follows:
a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data comprises the following steps:
a target well selection step, which is used for selecting a well with logging data meeting preset conditions as a target well;
a spherical surface compensation step, which is used for carrying out spherical surface diffusion compensation on the target well data;
the single well quality control step is used for comparing shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at a well point position and restraining the vertical amplitude recovery effect of a well side channel;
and a well connection quality control step, which is used for controlling the amplitude recovery effect between multiple well points and wells in a well connection mode.
Preferably, the method for quality control of seismic amplitude based on multi-log data further includes:
and well curve correction step, which is used for carrying out environment, abnormal value and normalization processing on the seismic data.
Preferably, in the seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-well log data, in the target well selection step, the preset conditions for selecting the target well include one or more of the following conditions:
(1) the correlation coefficient between the synthetic seismic record and the well side channel reaches a preset value;
(2) the well is located inside the exploration area, and the seismic data have full coverage times;
(3) the underground structure of the well position is simple and the signal to noise ratio is better.
Preferably, in the above seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the spherical compensation step, spherical compensation is performed on the compensation mode by using time velocity based on the following formula:
wherein: a (0) is amplitude value before recovery, t is sampling time, A (t) is amplitude after recovery, v0A speed of 0 time; v (t) is the speed at the current time t, provided by the database.
Preferably, in the above seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the spherical compensation step, spherical compensation is performed by using an exponential function compensation method based on the following formula:
wherein: a is the amplitude value, t is the sample time (milliseconds), and n is an exponential value that defines the compensation function.
Preferably, in the above method for controlling seismic amplitude based on multi-log data, the single-well quality control step includes the following sub-steps:
a well seismic calibration substep, which uses the longitudinal wave velocity and density of a target well to obtain a synthetic seismic record and carries out time-depth conversion and horizon calibration;
an amplitude recovery sub-step of performing amplitude compensation on the synthetic seismic data;
an amplitude energy curve comparison sub-step, namely calculating the amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic recording channel and the well side channel, and judging whether the energy trend of the quality control energy curve from shallow to deep is compensated in place;
and a sub-step of compensating the regional amplitude, which compensates the difference caused by the regional lithology difference.
Preferably, in the seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, in the sub-step of regional amplitude compensation, an energy compensation factor of regional lithology is obtained based on the following formula:
Ekfor the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is track number, A is amplitude, t is window time, and N is total number of tracks.
Preferably, in the seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, the well-logging quality control step includes the following sub-steps:
a horizon dividing sub-step, which is to explain and track horizons in the seismic data far away from the well according to well calibration results;
converting the horizon tracked on the seismic profile into a depth domain and constructing a quality control model profile corresponding to the well-connected profile by combining the velocity and density curve of the well;
a wave group characteristic comparison substep, which is to compare the wave group characteristics and the energy trend of the well connection section and the model section of the seismic data according to the quality control model section obtained by simulation as a scale;
and an amplitude compensation sub-step, wherein the compensation parameter value of the space variation is used for compensating the vertical amplitude of the multi-well data.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method utilizes the synthetic seismic record data of a plurality of wells, and can perform multipoint vertical amplitude trend quality control on a three-dimensional data volume;
2. the method is based on a single-well quality control result, and the spherical diffusion parameter n is subjected to space variation, so that the amplitude compensation effect is more consistent with the actual geological condition;
3. the method uses multiple wells to make a well-connected geological model section, and uses the section as a scale to carry out quality control on data far away from well points;
4. the method can complete the quality control of the vertical and horizontal amplitude trends of the data.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the disclosure.
FIG. 1 illustrates a seismic amplitude quality control method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a well location in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a monitoring processing device logic flow diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 illustrates an amplitude compensation quality control diagram under the well-tied constraint in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
Examples
The embodiment firstly provides a seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data, which comprises the following steps:
step one, well curve correction
The well curve is used as a ruler in the well control processing process to evaluate the processing effect of the seismic data, so that the correctness of the well data is the premise of all quality control. Before the well data is used, the data needs to be corrected by environment, abnormal values, normalization and the like, and differences of the data caused by non-geological factors are eliminated.
Step two, target well optimization
Due to the variable quality of the log data, quality control can be counterproductive if problematic logs or non-representative wells are introduced into the well control process. Wells that can be used for quality control therefore require the following three conditions for screening:
firstly, the synthetic seismic record and well side channels have a correlation coefficient of more than 0.6;
the well is positioned in the exploration area, and the seismic data have the full coverage times;
and the underground structure of the well position is simple and the signal to noise ratio is good.
Step three, amplitude compensation
Since the amplitude of the seismic data after the seismic waves are excited attenuates with the increase of the propagation distance, the first step of seismic data amplitude recovery is spherical diffusion compensation. The spherical diffusion compensation is mainly divided into two types from the aspect of methods: time-velocity pairs and exponential compensation.
Time-velocity pair compensation method
The method has the advantages that the velocity is used as a parameter, and the seismic velocity is analyzed from the velocity, so that the velocity is volume data, is variable in space, and is more reasonable theoretically. But once the velocity is determined the recovery effect will be determined to be unchangeable.
② exponential function compensation method
Wherein: a is the amplitude value, t is the sample time (in milliseconds), and n is an exponential value that defines the compensation function.
The method has the advantages that the relative relation of the vibration amplitudes of shallow, medium, deep, near, medium and far can be controlled by the recovery effect through the parameter n, and the defect that only one parameter can be selected and the complex geological condition cannot be met.
Step four, single well quality control
The single well amplitude constraint is the first step of well constraint amplitude quality control, and aims to utilize well data to compare shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at a well point position and constrain the vertical amplitude recovery effect of a well side channel. Generally, in the process of processing seismic data, a velocity-pair compensation method is mainly used for carrying out amplitude recovery on the seismic data, but the recovery effect of the velocity-pair compensation method is determined by the velocity, so that the recovery effect cannot be changed once the velocity is determined; and the exponential function compensation method controls the compensation effect through the parameter n in the formula (2). Therefore, the compensation effect is adjusted by using an exponential function compensation method during single-well quality control.
Well seismic calibration
And (3) solving a synthetic seismic record by using the longitudinal wave velocity and the density of the target well, converting the time domain of the seismic data into the depth domain of the well data by using the synthetic seismic record according to the geological stratification and the seismic data on the well, and correctly calibrating the depth domain stratification data on the well data to the same phase axis of the time domain in the seismic data.
Amplitude recovery
When the amplitude quality control nodes are embedded in the conventional process, the amplitude of the seismic data is compensated by using a velocity pair compensation method and an exponential function compensation method. When the curve matching does not meet the preset condition after the amplitude is recovered, the amplitude of the seismic data can be compensated by directly using an exponential function compensation method.
Amplitude energy curve comparison
Calculating the amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic recording channel and the well side channel, superposing and comparing the coincidence degree of the two curves, judging whether the energy trend of the quality control energy curve from shallow to deep is compensated in place, and if the energy trend of the well side channel is not consistent with the energy trend of the synthetic seismic recording, adjusting a parameter n in an exponential function compensation method to ensure that the shallow, medium and deep amplitude energy trends of the well side channel are coincident with the energy trend of the synthetic seismic recording.
Step five, compensating regional amplitude
In reality, the underground lithology has a certain change in the transverse direction due to the change of the deposition environment. The earth surface consistency amplitude compensation method used in the processing process is based on the premise that effective wave energy is independent of position, so that when the lithology of a region is transversely changed, the situation that the amplitude of reflected waves of a target layer deviates from the lithology occurs. For such a case, a regional amplitude compensation factor method is used, and a compensation factor is extracted in a region (a same deposition environment) with small lateral lithology change, so as to compensate for the difference caused by regional lithology difference. The compensation method comprises the following steps: selecting a stable mark layer from the data, opening a time window which can contain the mark layer above and below the mark layer, calculating an energy compensation factor by using an amplitude energy accumulation method, and multiplying the seismic data in the area by the amplitude compensation factor to achieve the aim of compensating the amplitudes of different areas. The energy compensation factor solving formula is as follows:
wherein E iskFor the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is track number, A is amplitude, t is window time, and N is total track number.
Step six, well-connected quality control
The single well quality control is mainly used for controlling the vertical energy trend of a well side channel according to the shallow, medium and deep amplitude energy trends recorded by the synthetic seismic, but the well can only control one point of information, and data far away from the well position cannot be subjected to quality control; in addition, if there are a plurality of wells, the quality control results between the wells are inconsistent, and the results cannot be handled. Therefore, the vibration amplitude recovery effect between multiple well points and wells in a combined well mode needs to be controlled.
Dividing geological horizon
The geological horizon on the depth domain can be converted to the seismic profile of the well point position by the calibration result of the single well, the horizon in the seismic data far away from the well is explained and tracked according to the calibration result of the well, and in order to improve the subsequent model effect, some auxiliary horizons need to be properly encrypted and explained between the explained target horizons.
Geological model building and simulation
And extracting a connected well quality control section according to the position of the quality control well, and converting the layer tracked on the seismic section into a depth domain by using the relation between the speed and the time depth of the well. And constructing a digital model based on the speed and density curves of the well and the converted horizon data, and simulating the model to obtain a quality control model section corresponding to the well-connecting section.
③ wave group characteristic comparison
And comparing the wave group characteristics and the energy trend of the well-connected section and the model section of the seismic data according to the quality control model section obtained by simulation as a scale, and recovering the amplitude of the quality control well-connected section.
Amplitude compensation
During processing, the parameter n of the exponential compensation method typically uses one value throughout the study area. And when the quality control of a plurality of wells is carried out, n parameters obtained by testing between the wells are often inconsistent, if the same value is used for carrying out amplitude recovery on data in a whole work area, the recovery effect of the position of each well point cannot be guaranteed, and meanwhile, the actual geological condition that the deposition is transversely changed is not met. Therefore, according to the amplitude compensation parameter value of single-well quality control, the n parameter is multiplied by the inverse distance weighting coefficient W to obtain the amplitude compensation parameter n value far away from the well position according to the distance between the shot point position and the quality control well, so that the n value is subjected to space variation along with the well position. Wherein the inverse distance weighting coefficient is given by the formula:
wherein W is a weight coefficient, i is a serial number, niAs compensation parameter for the ith well, diIs the distance from the ith well.
The compensation parameter values of the space variation have rationality for the recovery of the vertical amplitude of multi-well data, but due to the difference of parameters, the horizontal abnormality of the deep amplitude can be caused, for the horizontal abnormality, a regional amplitude compensation method is needed, and different regional compensation factors are calculated by using a formula 3 to compensate the target horizon so as to eliminate the horizontal inconsistency.
The effect of the present invention will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment.
Step one, work area condition investigation
The exploration area is located in the middle section of the Lvliang mountain range, the earth surface is loess landform, and the earth surface elevation is 620-1030 m. The underground structure is a monoclinic structure inclined in southwest, and has gentle birth shape and wide and slow local development. The strata are developed from old to new and comprise ancient kingdoms, middle kingdoms and new kingdoms, the coal-bearing strata in the region are mainly the Benxi group, the Taiyuan group and the Shanxi group, the coal mining layer comprises 11 layers, and the burial depth of the coal layer is 1200-1700 m.
Step two, correcting logging data
The well curve is used as a ruler in the well control processing process to evaluate the processing effect of the seismic data, so that the correctness of the well data is the premise of all quality control. Because the construction time of well drilling and well logging in the region is inconsistent, and the well logging instruments, construction teams and constructors are inconsistent, the data can have a certain difference relative to the real data under the influence of the factors such as instruments, well diameters, construction speed and the like, and therefore before the well data are used, the data need to be corrected by environment, abnormal values, normalization and the like, and the difference of the data caused by non-geological factors is eliminated.
Step three, target well optimization
Due to the variable quality of the log data, quality control can be counterproductive if problematic logs or non-representative wells are introduced into the well control process. Wells that can be used as quality control therefore need to meet the following three conditions:
firstly, the synthetic seismic record has higher correlation coefficient with well side channels;
the well is positioned in the exploration area, and the seismic data have the full coverage times;
and the underground structure of the well position is simple and the signal to noise ratio is good.
Based on basic information such as well location plan (fig. 2), well information table (table 1) and the like, J08 and J24 wells are preferably quality control target wells.
TABLE 1 well information Table
Step four, single well quality control effect
It can be seen from the energy curve of J24 (fig. 3a) that the energy trend of the synthetic seismic record calculated from the log data is shallow energy weak and near the target layer (coal seam) energy strong, because the shallow part is mainly sandstone and its reflection coefficient is small, and the reflection coefficient of the coal seam and the surrounding rock is large. However, the shallow energy and the deep energy of the seismic data energy curve of the well side channel are almost the same, because there is no objective judgment basis in the data processing process, the shallow, medium and deep energy regions are considered to be compensated in place by the subjective idea, and therefore, the phenomenon of over-compensation occurs. And reducing the parameter n in the exponential function compensation method to adjust the amplitude through a curve quality control result, wherein a new quality control result is shown in figure 3b, and the energy curve of the well side channel of new data is basically consistent with the energy curve of the synthetic seismic record, so that the amplitude compensation effect is reasonable.
Step five, well-connected quality control effect
From the well-joining section of J08 and J24 (FIG. 4a), the overall formation configuration is that of a anticline wing. A digital model is constructed (fig. 4b) based on the velocity and density profiles of the wells, and the picked horizon data, modeled to obtain model profiles (fig. 4 c). Comparing the actual data section (fig. 4a) with the model section (fig. 4c) shows that the model structural form is basically consistent with the actual data, the vertical energy trend of the well side channel is corrected due to the fact that the seismic data are subjected to single well quality control, but the energy reflected by the coal seam near the well J08 in the data is weaker than that near the well J24, and the situation is not consistent with the actual situation that the lithology of the coal measure stratum changes transversely and slowly. Fig. 4d is seismic data obtained by performing quality control on the parameter n and the zone amplitude compensation factor in the exponential compensation method by using the model well-logging section as a standard, and it can be seen from fig. 4d that the phenomenon of horizontal unevenness of the coal seam reflected wave of the compensated section is improved.
Based on the above description, the present embodiment can perform multi-point vertical amplitude trend quality control on the three-dimensional data volume by using the synthetic seismic record data of multiple wells; in the embodiment, on the basis of a single-well quality control result, a parameter n of an index compensation method is subjected to space variation, so that the amplitude compensation effect is more consistent with the actual geological condition; in the embodiment, a multi-well is utilized to manufacture a well-connected geological model section, and the section is taken as a scale to carry out quality control on data far away from a well point; therefore, the method of the embodiment can be used for achieving quality control of the vertical and transverse amplitude trends of the data.
In this embodiment, while, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It is noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," "some embodiments," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A seismic amplitude quality control method based on multi-log data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a target well selection step, which is used for selecting a well with logging data meeting preset conditions as a target well;
a spherical surface compensation step, which is used for carrying out spherical surface diffusion compensation on the target well data;
the single well quality control step is used for comparing shallow, medium and deep amplitude trends of seismic data at a well point position and restraining the vertical amplitude recovery effect of a well side channel;
and a well-connection quality control step, which is used for controlling the amplitude recovery effect between multiple well points and wells in a well-connection mode.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and a well curve correction step, which is used for carrying out environment, abnormal value and normalization processing on the seismic data.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset conditions for selecting the target well in the target well selection step include one or more of the following conditions:
(1) the correlation coefficient between the synthetic seismic record and the well side channel reaches a preset value;
(2) the well is located inside the exploration area, and the seismic data have full coverage times;
(3) the underground structure of the well position is simple and the signal to noise ratio is better.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the spherical compensation step is performed by using time velocity to perform spherical compensation based on the following formula:
wherein: a (0) is amplitude value before recovery, t is sampling time, A (t) is amplitude after recovery, v0A speed of 0 time; v (t) is the velocity at the current time t, provided by the database.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the spherical compensation step comprises spherical compensation using exponential compensation based on the following equation:
wherein: a is the amplitude value, t is the sample time (milliseconds), and n is an exponential value that defines the compensation function.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the single-well quality control step comprises the following sub-steps:
a well seismic calibration substep, which uses the longitudinal wave velocity and density of a target well to obtain a synthetic seismic record and carries out time-depth conversion and horizon calibration;
an amplitude recovery sub-step of performing amplitude compensation on the synthetic seismic data;
an amplitude energy curve comparison sub-step, namely calculating the amplitude energy curves of the synthetic seismic recording channel and the well side channel, and judging whether the energy trend of the quality control energy curve from shallow to deep is compensated in place;
and a sub-step of compensating the regional amplitude, which compensates the difference caused by the regional lithology difference.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the sub-step of regional amplitude compensation, the energy compensation factor of regional lithology is calculated based on the following formula:
Ekfor the kth compensation factor, i is time, j is track number, A is amplitude, t is window time, and N is total track number.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the well-logging quality comprises the following sub-steps:
a horizon dividing sub-step, which is to explain and track horizons in the seismic data far away from the well according to well calibration results;
converting the horizon tracked on the seismic profile into a depth domain and constructing a quality control model profile corresponding to the well-connected profile by combining the velocity and density curve of the well;
a wave group characteristic comparison sub-step, namely comparing the wave group characteristics and the energy trend of the well-connected section and the model section of the seismic data according to the quality control model section obtained by simulation as a scale;
and an amplitude compensation sub-step, wherein the compensation parameter value of the space variation is used for compensating the vertical amplitude of the multi-well data.
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