CN113687418B - Seismic data fine time-depth conversion method based on high-resolution inversion speed body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data fine time depth conversion method based on a high-resolution inversion speed body, and belongs to the technical field of coal field exploration; firstly, combining the speed change trend of the processed speed body with the accurate speed value of the drilling data to convert the typical standard layer of the inversion speed body layer section deeply with time to be used as a control layer; then, calculating depth information of all other standard layers by using the inversion layer speed body and the horizon of the seismic interpretation time domain to obtain primary bottom plate elevation of all the standard layers, and correcting a primary time depth conversion result by using drilling data; finally, interlayer meshing is carried out based on the obtained depth domain standard layer, and a target interval depth domain three-dimensional data body is obtained; according to the method, the inversion speed body is utilized to make up for the information loss between wells, the data which more accords with the transverse change of the geological rule is obtained, and the transverse accuracy of time-depth conversion is improved; and correcting by using logging information, improving the longitudinal conversion precision, and finally obtaining the depth domain three-dimensional data body with higher precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal field exploration, and particularly relates to a seismic data fine time-depth conversion method based on a high-resolution inversion speed body.
Background
The coal-based stratum formed by the transitional change of the sea land phase-land phase deposition environment has the characteristics of rapid lithology and transverse speed change, and the depth domain achievement data obtained by using the traditional time-depth conversion method in the three-dimensional seismic exploration and development process of coal fields and coalbed methane has low accuracy and relative error of two percent. Along with the proposal of the idea of accurate coal exploitation, automatic and intelligent exploitation becomes a new development trend; in addition, horizontal well technologies are widely applied to coalbed methane development, and the implementation of the new technologies requires that depth domain data provided by time-depth conversion be more accurate, and the traditional time-depth conversion method is difficult to reach the precision requirement, so that finer time-depth conversion is required.
The general idea of time-depth conversion is: 1. obtaining an accurate time domain t0 value; 2. establishing an accurate speed field; 3. a suitable speed conversion method is selected and then a time-depth conversion is performed. When the seismic data is fixed, the time domain t0 value obtained by three-dimensional seismic data interpretation is fixed, and only a proper speed field is established, and a proper time depth conversion method is selected to be a necessary means for improving the time depth conversion precision. The former has made many researches in terms of improving the time-depth conversion accuracy, and along with the continuous deep exploration and development, the continuous abundance of seismic data and well data, the construction method of a velocity field and the concomitant velocity conversion method are also richer. In the field of coal field exploration, or by using the burial depth at a drilling hole and the interpretation result of a time domain to calculate the average speed, then interpolating the whole area, and then performing simple operation to obtain a depth threshold value, wherein the reliability of the speed between wells is not high, so that the lateral depth threshold value is inaccurate; or the root mean square velocity obtained by processing is converted into the layer velocity according to the DIX formula, and then the layer velocity is converted into the average velocity to carry out deep conversion, but the DIX formula is only applicable to horizontal layered media and transverse non-speed-changing media, and the actual stratum cannot meet the ideal conditions, so that errors are generated.
The technical scheme in the first prior art is as follows:
the common technical means in the field of three-dimensional seismic exploration of coal fields at the present stage is to calculate the average speed by using the burial depth of a drilling hole and the interpretation result of a time domain, then interpolate the whole area, and then obtain a depth threshold value by simple operation. As exploration continues to go deep, the number of wells drilled increases, in areas with gentle formations and small changes in longitudinal and lateral velocity, the VSP log or the base velocity profile for time-depth conversion is determined from the relationship between the drilling depth and the time depth of the reflector layer, used to build a "time-depth" or "time-average velocity" relationship at the well point, and then the velocity field over a large area is built in an interpolated manner. The interpolation is generally performed by determining the contribution value of the velocity data of each well in the velocity field by taking the distance as a weight coefficient between the wells, and the interpolation only considers the distance factor and does not consider the influence of the geological structure.
The first disadvantage of the prior art is:
besides the fact that the time-depth conversion method needs to have a certain drilling number so as to facilitate fitting of time-depth data, the stratum is relatively stable. The interpolation mode is used for determining the contribution value of the speed data of each well in the speed field by taking the distance as a weight coefficient between the wells, only the distance factor is considered, and the influence of a geological structure is not considered, so that the interpolation mode is more feasible for stratum conditions of relatively shallow buried depth of an underground structure, small transverse change of stratum speed and small trap amplitude; however, in a fault block area or other areas with complex structures for fracture development, due to factors such as fault dislocation, stratum folds and the like, strata with different speed characteristics are contacted with each other at faults or the same set of strata is repeated for a plurality of times, the underground space speed field in the places can generate great change within a short distance, the speed field becomes quite complex, the speed field is generated in a purely mathematical distance interpolation mode based on well point data, the influence of actual geologic structure change on the speed is not considered, the average effect is obvious, and the speed field precision is still lower.
The technical scheme of the second prior art is as follows:
to avoid the defect of low velocity field accuracy caused by borehole interpolation, many students apply velocity data obtained by processing three-dimensional seismic data, which is called velocity body method, also called DIX formula method. When holes drilled in the detection area are fewer and distributed unevenly and the geological condition is complex, a three-dimensional superposition velocity field which is provided by three-dimensional seismic data processing and is distributed evenly is utilized, and a Dix formula is adopted for operation to obtain the layer velocity; and then obtaining depth domain data through time-depth conversion.
The method is realized by the following steps: 1. outputting a velocity spectrum, selecting a profile with good data, outputting the superposition velocity and the double-pass time value from the processing system, and deleting the abnormal points of the velocity; 2. outputting horizon data, and outputting the interpreted horizon data from the interpretation system; 3. matching horizon time values at the speed spectrum, when X, Y of the speed spectrum is the same as X, Y of the horizon file, putting the time values into one file, and then calculating the time at the next speed spectrum until all the time are completed; 4. the average velocity of the destination layer is calculated, and the time value of the destination layer at each velocity spectrum is obtained through the above calculation, and then the average velocity at the destination layer is calculated, which can be calculated through a DIX (DIX) formula. Because the time and the speed value at each speed spectrum are less in general explanation, interpolation or fitting treatment is needed to improve the precision; 5. correcting the layer speed by using the drilling holes; 6. and obtaining depth domain data through time-depth conversion calculation.
Drawbacks of the second prior art:
the velocity body obtained by processing is converted into the layer velocity by using a DIX formula for application, but the method has two problems, namely when the underground structure is complex and the imaging quality of the seismic section is poor, velocity spectrum energy clusters are very scattered, and the energy clusters of effective waves and the energy clusters of multiple waves can not be distinguished almost, so that the interpretation accuracy of the velocity spectrum is difficult to guarantee. Meanwhile, the seismic velocity body established according to the velocity spectrum has a plurality of abnormal values, and the abnormal values are often greatly different from the well point velocity, so that the time-depth conversion is greatly influenced. The second problem is that since the DIX formula is only applicable to horizontal layered media, transverse non-variable speed media, and velocity relation established under the condition of vertical incidence of rays, the precondition is quite harsh, and the actual stratum cannot meet such ideal condition, when the underground medium is complex in occurrence, a large error is generated in the process of calculating the layer velocity or average velocity by using the DIX formula. Therefore, the method is mainly used for the situation that the geological condition is simple and the quality of the velocity spectrum is good, and if the interpretation precision of the velocity spectrum is low, the depth error of the well point converted according to the method is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a seismic data fine time depth conversion method based on a high-resolution inversion speed body. The purpose of improving the depth conversion precision of the target horizon and obtaining the depth domain information of the interlayer microlayers is achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
1. Method for obtaining depth domain target horizon
Step1: obtaining time domain interpretation results of all standard layers on the basis of fine interpretation of standard layers and fine calibration of earthquake and geological layers; selecting a certain standard layer as a control layer, calculating at the positions of the drilled holes to obtain the average speed of the control layer as shown in formula (1), and correcting the speed variation trend of the obtained speed body at the control layer by using the accurate average speed value at each drilled hole to obtain the elevation H of the bottom plate of the control layer 1
Wherein V is Drilling machine The bottom plate elevation average speed of the top control layer at the drilling position; a is the elevation value of the reference surface during processing; h is a Drilling machine A bottom plate elevation value of the bottom plate elevation of the top control layer measured at the drilling position; t (T) Drilling machine Is the time value of the top control layer at the borehole.
Step2: based on the obtained depth domain information of the control layer, the difference value of the two layers on the depth domain can be calculated according to the difference value of the rest standard layers and the control layer on the time domain and the layer speed information corresponding to the difference value on the inversion speed body, and the bottom plate elevation of the rest standard layers can be obtained by carrying out operation on the depth information of the control layer and the difference value.
At the plane position i, j, the floor elevation of the known control layer is H 1 And the layer velocity value obtained by inversion in the longitudinal direction at the point is accumulated by using the velocity value of each point to obtain two longitudinal time t according to the sampling interval of the inversion velocity body 1 ,t 2 The thickness of the layer is obtained by taking the difference between the elevation of the bottom plate of the control layer and the calculated thickness value to obtain the elevation H of the bottom plate of the standard layer c2
Wherein: i is the ith grid in the x direction; j is the j-th grid in the y direction; k is the kth grid in the z direction; v ijk Inversion layer velocity for spatial locations i, j, k; Δt is the time domain sampling interval; t is t 1 A time domain value for the calculation layer; t is t 2 A time threshold value of a certain standard layer; h ij1 Calculating the elevation of the bottom plate of the layer for the plane position i and j; h ijc2 To calculate the initial floor elevation of a standard layer at the obtained plane position i, j.
Step3: obtaining a standard interlayer thickness by taking difference of elevation values of two standard layers related to the last step of drilling p, obtaining a preliminary interlayer thickness by taking difference of elevation of a base plate calculated at the drilling p as correction amount of the preliminary base plate elevation at p
M p ＝(h p2 -h p1 )/(H pc2 -H p1 ) (3)
Wherein M is p Calculating the elevation difference error between the layer and a certain standard layer at any drilling hole p; h is a p2 The elevation value of a base plate of a certain standard layer is measured at the position of the drilling hole p; h is a p1 Calculating the elevation value of the layer bottom plate for the position measured at the drilling position p; h pc2 Predicting the elevation of a base plate of a certain standard layer for the position of a drilling hole p; h p1 The floor elevation is calculated for the prediction at borehole p.
And (3) performing the calculation by using a plurality of holes to obtain error information of a plurality of well points, and performing full-area Kelly-in-the-process interpolation to obtain a corresponding interlayer thickness error grid M.
Step4, correcting the primarily obtained elevation value of the second standard layer bottom plate by using the error grid M to obtain the elevation of the second standard layer bottom plate
Wherein H is ij2 The elevation of a bottom plate of a certain standard layer at the position i and j of the predicted plane is calculated; m is M ij The above steps are shown in fig. 2 for the interlayer thickness error value at the plane position i, j.
And if the correction result meets the precision requirement, obtaining a standard depth domain layer, and if the correction result does not meet the precision requirement, repeating Step3 and Step4 for secondary correction.
Step5, interpolation is carried out on the error grids to obtain a three-dimensional error body, and preparation is carried out for correction of the three-dimensional data body in the subsequent depth domain.
2. Depth domain mesh dissection method
On the basis of obtaining the elevation of the bottom plate of each standard layer, carrying out inter-layer equidistant grid division in a time domain, calculating the grid thickness of the corresponding depth domain in the grid by utilizing the time difference represented by the corresponding inversion layer speed and the time grid thickness, and calculating the depth domain grid thickness from the standard layer at the shallow part, wherein the elevation value of the standard layer corresponding to the next grid is calculated downwards from the grid to the grid. Then the elevation value of the bottom plate at any spatial position i, j, k can be calculated by (5)
h ijk ＝h ij(k-1) -t/2×v ijk ×M ij (5)
In the formula, h ijk And the elevation value of the depth domain bottom plate at the spatial positions i, j and k is the longitudinal grid length of the time domain. The whole area is calculated, and the corresponding method of the time domain and depth domain grids is shown in fig. 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, on the basis of a control horizon, time-depth conversion of each standard layer is carried out by utilizing a high-resolution inversion layer speed body, and further a time-depth conversion method of 'high-resolution inversion speed body + standard horizon control + depth domain meshing' of a depth domain three-dimensional data body is constructed by carrying out interlayer depth domain meshing on the basis of the standard layers; meanwhile, the constructed depth domain three-dimensional data body makes up for the defect of standard interlayer information, and for some weak reflection interlayer small layers, accurate elevation information can be directly obtained only by obtaining time domain data, so that the final depth domain result of the three-dimensional seismic data is more accurate and rich. The three-dimensional coal field and coalbed methane exploration and development are better guided in the follow-up process, reliable guarantee is provided for underground operations such as roadway tunneling and horizontal well drilling, and precondition support is provided for realization of accurate exploitation development conception of automatic and intelligent exploitation in the coal industry.
The method utilizes the inversion speed body to make up for the information loss between wells, obtains the data which more accords with the transverse change of the geological rule, and improves the transverse accuracy of time-depth conversion; and simultaneously, correcting by using logging information, improving the longitudinal conversion precision, finally obtaining a depth domain three-dimensional data body with higher precision, and using the time-depth conversion method to achieve the purposes of improving the time-depth conversion precision of the target horizon and obtaining interlayer small-layer depth domain information.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fine time depth conversion of a three-dimensional seismic data volume.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fine time-depth conversion method.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a grid division of a time domain and a depth domain; in the figure, (1) is a time domain inter-layer meshing; (2) meshing between depth domain layers.
Fig. 4 is a depth domain target layer map obtained by time-depth conversion.
Fig. 5 is a depth domain three-dimensional data volume of a study area.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the contrast of elevation of a 3M bottom plate obtained by a traditional time-depth conversion method and a new method in a research area; in the figure: (a) 3M floor elevation obtained by velocity interpolation; (b) 3M floor elevation obtained by a DIX formula method; (c) the elevation of the 3M bottom plate obtained by the novel method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail by combining the embodiments and the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The specific steps of the implementation of the invention are as follows:
step1: and (3) making a fine synthetic record, calibrating well vibration, matching a seismic reflection interface with a geological interface obtained by logging, and endowing geological significance to the seismic interface.
Step2: and obtaining the accurate target horizon on the time domain through the fine interpretation of the three-dimensional seismic data.
Step3: selecting a control layer, and correcting the speed change trend of the speed body at the control layer by using the accurate average speed value at the drilling hole to obtain the control layer on the depth domain.
Step4: and obtaining a high-resolution inversion layer velocity body by using a phase control inversion technology.
Step5: and on the basis of the control horizon, performing time-depth conversion of a standard layer below the control horizon by using a high-resolution inversion layer speed body.
Step 6: and carrying out inter-layer depth domain grid division based on the control horizon to construct a depth domain three-dimensional data body.
By using the existing data and the invention to test, a certain mining area is positioned in the south foot low and middle mountain area of Liu Beishan on the west side of the north section of the Tai mountain, the surface topography is complex, the valleys are longitudinal and transverse, the bedrock is exposed, and the topography in the mining area is northwest high and southeast low. Development of structures in mining areas; the lithology and the speed of the formed coal-based stratum are fast in transverse change due to the deposition environment of the sea-land transition, the speed of the whole stratum is obviously changed, an unstable interlayer is partially distributed, the longitudinal lithology and the transverse lithology of the stratum are greatly different, and the base plate elevation information obtained by the traditional time-depth conversion method is larger in error. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fine time-depth conversion method is adopted to perform time-depth conversion of each standard layer in a selected area in the mining area, the depth-domain three-dimensional data body is constructed through inter-layer depth-domain meshing as shown in fig. 4, and the depth-domain three-dimensional data body is constructed through inter-layer depth-domain meshing as shown in fig. 5.
Carrying out interwell interpolation of average speed by utilizing a convergence interpolation method and then carrying out time depth conversion to obtain a result; 2. and (3) comparing the obtained result of time-depth conversion after converting the root mean square speed obtained by processing into the layer speed by using a DIX formula with the standard layer elevation measured by drilling, and checking the application effect of the new method. The comparative effect of the 3M floor elevation map obtained by the three methods is shown in FIG. 6.
The three-dimensional seismic interpretation result, the high-resolution inversion speed body, the drilling logging data and other data are comprehensively utilized, the comprehensive technology of fine well seismic calibration, standard horizon fine interpretation, deep conversion when inversion speed body information is utilized and depth domain grid division is adopted, a good application effect is obtained, the depth domain data with the error of tens of meters or even tens of meters obtained by the traditional time deep conversion method is utilized, the error can be reduced to less than three meters by utilizing the method, the obtained standard layer bottom plate elevation precision is higher, and the method is more in line with actual stratum change in the transverse direction; meanwhile, the constructed depth domain three-dimensional data body makes up for the defect of standard interlayer information, and for some weak reflection interlayer small layers, accurate elevation information can be directly obtained only by obtaining time domain data, so that the final depth domain result of the three-dimensional seismic data is more accurate and rich.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, it is not to be construed as limited thereto, but rather as a result of a simple deduction or substitution by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The seismic data fine time depth conversion method based on the high-resolution inversion speed body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining a depth domain target horizon:
s1.1: obtaining time domain interpretation results of all standard layers on the basis of fine interpretation of standard layers and fine calibration of earthquake and geological layers; taking one standard layer as a control layer, correcting the speed change trend of the obtained speed body at the control layer by using the average speed value at each drilling position to obtain the floor elevation H of the control layer 1 ；
S1.2: calculating the difference value of the two layers in the depth domain according to the difference value of the other standard layers and the control layer in the time domain and the layer speed information corresponding to the difference value in the inversion speed body, and obtaining the elevation of the bottom plate of the other standard layers according to the depth information of the control layer and the difference value;
s1.3: obtaining a standard interlayer thickness by taking the difference between elevation values of two standard layers at the position of the drilling hole p, obtaining a preliminary interlayer thickness by taking the difference between elevation of a bottom plate at the position of the drilling hole p, and taking the ratio of the standard interlayer thickness to the preliminary interlayer thickness as the correction amount of the preliminary bottom plate elevation at the position of p
M p ＝(h p2 -h p1 )/(H pc2 -H p1 ) (3)
Wherein M is p Calculating the elevation difference error between the layer and a certain standard layer at any drilling hole p; h is a p2 The elevation value of a base plate of a certain standard layer is measured at the position of the drilling hole p; h is a p1 Calculating the elevation value of the layer bottom plate for the position measured at the drilling position p; h pc2 Predicting the elevation of a base plate of a certain standard layer for the position of a drilling hole p; h p1 Predicting the elevation of the layer bottom plate for the position of the drilling hole p;
calculating to obtain error information of a plurality of well points, and carrying out full-area Kerr method interpolation to obtain a corresponding interlayer thickness error grid M;
s1.4: correcting the preliminarily obtained elevation value of the second-layer standard layer bottom plate by using an error grid M to obtain the elevation of the second-layer standard layer bottom plate
Wherein H is ij2 The elevation of a bottom plate of a certain standard layer at the position i and j of the predicted plane is calculated; m is M ij The interlayer thickness error value at the position i and j of the plane;
s1.5: interpolation is carried out on the error grid to obtain a three-dimensional error body;
s2, constructing a depth domain three-dimensional data volume by depth domain meshing:
on the basis of obtaining the elevation of the bottom plate of each standard layer, carrying out inter-layer equidistant grid division in a time domain, calculating the grid thickness of the corresponding depth domain in the grid by utilizing the time difference represented by the corresponding inversion layer speed and the time grid thickness, and calculating the depth domain grid thickness from the standard layer at the shallow part, wherein the elevation value of the standard layer corresponding to the next grid is the standard layer elevation value minus the depth domain grid thickness, and calculating the depth domain grid downward from grid to grid; the elevation value of the bottom plate at any spatial position i, j, k is calculated by (5)
h ijk ＝h ij(k-1) -t/2×v ijk ×M ij (5)
In the formula, h ijk And the elevation value of the depth domain bottom plate at the spatial positions i, j and k is the longitudinal grid length of the time domain.
2. The method for fine time-depth conversion of seismic data based on high resolution inversion speed volume according to claim 1, wherein in S1.1, the average velocity of the control layer is obtained by calculation at the borehole:
wherein V is Drilling machine The bottom plate elevation average speed of the top control layer at the drilling position; a is the elevation value of the reference surface during processing; h is a Drilling machine Floor elevation value for top control layer measured at borehole；T Drilling machine Is the time value of the top control layer at the borehole.
3. The method for fine time-depth conversion of seismic data based on high resolution inversion speed volume according to claim 1, wherein in S1.2, at plane position i, j, the elevation of the bottom plate of the known control layer is H 1 And the layer velocity value obtained by inversion in the longitudinal direction at the point is accumulated by using the velocity value of each point to obtain two longitudinal time t according to the sampling interval of the inversion velocity body 1 ,t 2 The thickness of the layer is obtained by taking the difference between the elevation of the bottom plate of the control layer and the calculated thickness value to obtain the elevation H of the bottom plate of the standard layer c2
Wherein: i is the ith grid in the x direction; j is the j-th grid in the y direction; k is the kth grid in the z direction; v ijk Inversion layer velocity for spatial locations i, j, k; Δt is the time domain sampling interval; t is t 1 A time domain value for the calculation layer; t is t 2 A time threshold value of a certain standard layer; h ij1 Calculating the elevation of the bottom plate of the layer for the plane position i and j; h ijc2 To calculate the initial floor elevation of a standard layer at the obtained plane position i, j.
4. The seismic data fine time-depth conversion method based on a high-resolution inversion speed body according to claim 1, wherein when the correction result in S1.4 meets the accuracy requirement, a standard depth-of-layer domain horizon is obtained, and when not, S1.3 and S1.4 are repeated for secondary correction.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2690954A1 (en) * | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-04 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Velocity model for well time-depth conversion |
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| CN105005078A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 北京博达瑞恒科技有限公司 | Seismic data quick time depth conversion method based on speed model |
| CN106597533A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Depth domain velocity modeling method for piedmont zone seismic data processing |
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