CN114720654A - Method for protecting explosive container by underwater inertia energy absorption - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of explosion test equipment, and provides a method for protecting an explosion container by underwater inertia energy absorption. The method improves the antiknock capability of the container, and can realize the underwater explosion experiment with larger dosage; the advantages of the shell material are fully exerted, and the explosion container is easier to manufacture. The advantage of water protection is kept, the vibration frequency of the shell of the explosion container is reduced, the strain increase is eliminated, and the impact fatigue life is prolonged; the container can be prevented from being damaged to generate scattered objects and shock waves, and the intrinsic safety problem of the explosive container is solved; when the explosive containing the poison is treated, the leakage of poison gas can be prevented; and the inspection and repair of the shell are more convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of explosion test equipment, and particularly relates to a method for protecting an explosion container by underwater inertia energy absorption.
Background
Explosive containers have been widely used in explosive science experiments, explosives containment, transport, handling, and various explosive processing operations therein, among others. Various types of explosive containers have been devised and made of various materials for different purposes and applications. The shapes of the explosion container are mainly spherical containers, tanks, reaction kettles and silos. The shell material not only uses metal and concrete, but also uses metal composite plates, flat steel strip winding column shells, glass fiber composite materials, carbon fiber composite materials and the like. Although people adopt various methods for optimization design on shapes and materials, the explosion container shell is in a high strain rate, dynamic high pressure and strong impact limit load state due to the impact high pressure and high power output action generated by the explosion in the container, and stress waves can be repeatedly transmitted in the container shell to generate the problem of strain increase in superposition, so that the risk of impact damage of the shell is increased. Furthermore, for explosive containers that are used repeatedly for a long period of time, the risk of impact fatigue failure increases as a result of the superposition of multiple impact vibrations. Therefore, for safety reasons, all of the conventional explosive containers are designed to be quite thick and heavy, and the margin of strength design is large (Huba, Zhougang, Zheng Ziyang, etc.. the latest progress of explosive container research and application reviews [ C ]. pressure container advanced technology-seventh national pressure container academic conference proceedings, Jiangsu Wuxi, China 2009: 340-. Many anti-knock methods have also been proposed for the purpose of reducing the amount of casing material, reducing impact deformation, and improving impact fatigue life. The method for reducing the intensity of the explosion shock wave comprises the steps of placing an anti-explosion material such as a sand layer and foamed aluminum in a container, and covering an inner explosive with water to enable the container to have a pressure relief function and the like. The method for improving the anti-knock capability of the shell comprises the following steps: the shell with various wave absorption shapes is buried underground, in concrete and rock stratum or protected under water, etc. Despite the extensive research and exploration on various anti-explosion technologies, explosion test containers are still very heavy due to the fact that the explosion inside the explosion container is very dangerous to the safety accident once damaged. Taking a 25kgTNT equivalent spherical explosion container of China institute of engineering and physics as an example, the spherical shell has the thickness of 95mm, the inner diameter of 3.8m and the weight of about 35 tons; the 5kgTNT equivalent explosion experimental container of the university of great connecting and finishing engineering has the spherical shell thickness of 40mm, the outer diameter of 3.0m and the shell weight of 8.6 tons. Generally, the steel container uses about 0.5-2 tons of steel per kilogram of TNT equivalent on average; even with lightweight explosive containers of fibre composite material, approximately 175 kg of shell material per kg of TNT is used.
For underwater explosions, especially deep water explosive vessels, a certain hydrostatic pressure must be pre-applied to the vessel to simulate the effects of water depth. Because the pressure of the underwater explosion shock wave is large and the static pressure effect of the simulated water depth, the amount of the underwater explosion test explosive of the large-sized explosion container becomes very small. Such as: a groove-shaped explosion container with the diameter of 2 meters can only carry out a 10gTNT equivalent explosion test under the hydrostatic pressure of 2MPa (Lilina. water medium explosion container dynamic response analysis and experimental research [ D ]. Wuhan science and technology university, 2013.); a spherical explosion container made of 13MnNiMoR steel and having an inner diameter of 7m is adopted, and the maximum explosive load is only 1kgTNT (ZL201510967326.6 simulation deepwater environment explosion test device) under the hydrostatic pressure of 6 MPa. Furthermore, in order to withstand the impact of a large explosive charge, the shell of the explosive container must be designed to be thick. Due to the reasons of rolling production of steel products and the like, the allowable strength of the ultra-thick steel plate with the thickness of more than 100mm is lower, and the impact resistance and the fatigue resistance are reduced. Meanwhile, the pressure processing and welding for manufacturing the ultra-thick explosion container are difficult. This is also a part of the reasons why people have proposed the use of double layers (beam-shaped, Maryan military, Qin school military, Bell square equal. development of small equivalent double-layer explosive containers [ J ] Bin engineering report, 2010, 31(4):525 and 528.), steel strip winding (ZL201220504493.9 a wave choke device for explosion welding air shock waves), and fiber composite winding for the shell of the container. Although the use of a multi-layer shell, externally wound, can solve the shell load-bearing strength problem, it increases the difficulty of inspecting the shell, which increases the risk of use of the explosive container. Therefore, a new method is needed to be established, which further improves the anti-explosion capability of the explosion container, eliminates the strain increase on the container shell, improves the impact fatigue life, effectively reduces the explosion accident risk, and facilitates the inspection and repair of the shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in design and use of the conventional explosion container, and provides a method for protecting the explosion container by using water and an inertia energy absorption block, so that the anti-explosion capability of the explosion container is further improved, the strain increase on a container shell is eliminated, the impact fatigue life is prolonged, the explosion accident risk is effectively reduced, and the shell is convenient to inspect and repair.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for protecting the explosion container by underwater inertia energy absorption comprises the following steps:
first, a vibration-damping mount 5 is mounted on the bottom of the pool 3, and the explosion container 1 is mounted thereon. Then, a plurality of inertia energy absorption blocks 2 which are combined and spliced are arranged around the explosion container 1, the inner cavity of each inertia energy absorption block 2 is overlapped with the shape of the explosion container 1, and a gap 6 which is communicated with a water body 4 is reserved between the inertia energy absorption blocks. In the explosion test, the water tank 3 is filled with water 4. After the explosion test, the water tank 3 is drained, the inertia energy absorption block 2 is lifted out, and the explosion container 1 is checked. The inertia energy absorption block 2 can be a whole block or formed by splicing multiple layers, and the minimum thickness of the inertia energy absorption block 2 is more than or equal to 3 times of the wall thickness of the explosion container 1. The width of the gap 6 is less than or equal to 3 times the wall thickness of the explosion container 1.
The key point of the invention is that the explosion container 1 is tightly surrounded by the inertia energy absorption block 2, and then the explosion container 1 and the combined inertia block 2 are submerged by water. The working principle is that during explosion test, the explosion shock wave acting on the shell of the container can penetrate through the shell and the water layer in the gap 6 in the form of stress wave and is transmitted to the inertia energy absorption block 2. The inertia block 2 absorbs the energy of the stress wave, converts the energy into kinetic energy and ejects the kinetic energy, thereby generating an energy absorption effect. The ejected inertia block 2 is blocked by an outer water layer, and the risk of flying out of the inertia block 2 is prevented by water resistance.
The reason why the inertia energy absorption blocks 2 are designed to be spliced and combined is that one is to realize main functions, so that each inertia energy absorption block 2 is scattered to pop up along the respective direction, and the inertia energy absorption blocks 2 are prevented from being deformed and damaged due to uneven stress; secondly, casting and forging are adopted to prepare a blank, and the blank is prepared through simple processing; thirdly, the hoisting and the combination are convenient. The energy absorbing inertia block 2 has a larger impact wave energy absorbing function and is required to be much thicker than the explosion container 1, so that the thickness of the wall of the container 1 is at least 3 times larger. It can be seen from the energy absorption principle that the inertia energy absorption block 2 can be a whole block or formed by tightly splicing multiple layers.
And a gap 6 communicated with the water body 4 is reserved between the inner cavity of the inertia energy absorption block 2 and the explosion container 1. This is because, in order to realize the conduction of the stress wave to the inertia energy absorption block 2, the inner cavity of the inertia energy absorption block 2 and the explosion container 1 must be in close contact or closely connected through a coupling layer, and the gap 6 filled with water just plays the role of a conductive stress wave coupling layer. Therefore, the gap 6 must be filled with water, so that the gap 6 is required to communicate with the water body 4 for inflow of water. Furthermore, the water in the gap 6 acts as a conductive stress wave coupling layer and cannot be too thick, so that the width of the gap 6 is required to be 3 times or less the wall thickness of the explosion container 1.
The bottom of the water pool 3 is provided with a vibration damping base 5, so that a reference platform is provided for splicing and combining the inertia energy absorption blocks 2; and secondly, the output of explosion seismic waves is reduced, and the impact of the energy absorption block 2 on the pool bottom is prevented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the water layer outside the explosion container absorbs a part of shock wave energy and transmits the rest energy to the inertia block, and the inertia block reflects stress waves, so that the stress waves on the wall of the explosion container are reduced, the anti-explosion capability of the explosion container is improved, and an underwater explosion experiment with larger explosive amount can be realized.
(2) The invention adopts a lighter and thinner shell, fully exerts the strength advantage of the shell material and makes the explosive container easier to manufacture.
(3) The water medium has damping and vibration eliminating effect, and can reduce the vibration frequency of the shell of the explosion container, eliminate strain growth on the shell and prolong the impact fatigue life.
(4) Compared with the common explosion container, the explosion container provided by the invention can prevent the container from being damaged and generating scattered objects and shock waves, solve the intrinsic safety problem of the explosion container and effectively reduce the risk of explosion accidents.
(5) When the toxic explosive is treated, the toxic gas or aerosol can be prevented from being directly leaked in the air, and the environmental safety can be ensured.
(6) Compared with the winding, wrapping and burying explosion container, the explosion container is more convenient for the inspection and repair of the shell, and only the water tank is required to be drained and the inertia energy absorption block is lifted out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of inertial energy absorption.
In the figure: 1, an explosive container; 2, an inertia energy absorption block; 3, a water pool; 4, water; 5, a vibration damping base; 6, a gap between the explosion container and the inertia energy absorption block; 21 virtual inertia energy absorption block thickness; 70 impact loading of the inner wall of the detonation vessel; 71 a virtual incident stress wave; 72 superposition of incident wave and reflected wave; 73 superposed stress waves; 73 the inertia energy absorption block breaks away from the residual stress wave on the rear shell.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. First, the principle of inertia energy absorption will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2, in which the thickness of the gap 6 between the explosion container 1 and the inertia energy absorption block 2 is ignored for the sake of simplicity and clarity in explaining the principle of stress waves of inertia energy absorption. When an impact load 70 is applied to the explosive container 1, a corresponding compression stress wave is generated in the explosive container 1 and the energy absorbing inertia block 2. When the head of the incident wave is transmitted to the free end of the inertia energy absorption block 2, the stress wave can be reflected. If the incident wave head propagates through the virtual energy absorbing mass thickness 21, the dashed portion of the virtual stress wave 71 will be reflected. The reflected wave is converted from a compressional wave to an opposite sign of a extensional wave and the reflected extensional wave is superimposed 72 with the compressional wave of the incident wave, i.e. the reflected extensional wave and the dash-dot-dash part of the incident wave, indicated by the dashed line, are added. The result of the superposition is a composite stress wave 73. At this time, the tensile wave head in the composite stress wave 73 is already propagated to the gap 6, and the gap 6 cannot bear the tensile force, so that the inertia energy absorption block 2 is ejected. After the inertia energy absorption block 2 is popped up, only the truncated wave tail, namely the residual stress wave 74 on the shell, is left on the wall of the explosion container 1, thereby achieving the aim of inertia energy absorption. Of course, the actual situation is much more complicated than the procedure of fig. 2, and a more precise design must be made by means of numerical calculations.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, steel Q345A for the container is selected to design the underwater explosion container 1, the underwater explosion container is designed into a spherical tank with the radius R of 1.5m, and the wall thickness delta is 0.050m (50 mm); the energy absorption block 2 is also made of steel, and the minimum thickness Δ is set to 0.5 m. The longitudinal wave sound velocity c of the steel is 5.123m/ms, and the density rho is 7850 kg/m3(ii) a Speed of sound c of water0Taking 1.480m/ms, density rho01000 kg/m3. Calculating the underwater explosion load according to the formulas (103-40) to (103-40) in the GJB4000-2000 as follows:
P＝Pme-t/θ
Pm＝52.3(Q1/3/R)1.13
θ＝0.105Q1/3(Q1/3/R)-0.256
wherein: q is explosive quantity (TNT equivalent), kg; p and PmThe underwater explosion pressure and the peak pressure are MPa; t and θ are the time and time constant, ms, respectively. Obviously, when the shock wave reaches the inner wall of the explosion container 1, the shock wave is reflected close to the fixed wall, the pressure is doubled, and the wall pressure is:
Pb＝2Pme-t/θ
the stress wave excited in steel can be represented by time course or length, and the compressive stress is (the compressive stress is positive):
σ＝2Pme-t/θ
the compressive stress expressed in wavelength is:
σ＝2Pme-x/λ
λ＝θ·c＝0.105Q1/3(Q1/3/R)-0.256·c
wherein: x and λ are the wavelength and wavelength constant, m, respectively; and c is medium sound velocity, m/ms. The remaining stress wave 74 on the shell can be calculated with reference to the principle of fig. 2 as:
σ(74)＝2Pme-x/λx≥2Δ
the peak σ of the remaining stress wave 74 is calculated as Q1.0 kg, R1.5 m, x 2 Δ 1.0m, and c 5.123m/ms(74)mThe isoparametric parameters are shown in the following table:
| Pm/MPa | θ/ms | λ/m | σ(74)m/MPa |
| 33.1 | 0.116 | 0.597 | 12.4 |
in the spherical tank explosive container 1 having a wall thickness δ of 0.050m and a radius R of 1.5m, the peak value σ of the residual stress wave 74 is expressed(74)mThe maximum hoop stress induced in the explosive container (1) is:
when the Q345A steel (with a yield stress of 345MPa) is used to manufacture the explosion container 1, the safety factor of the design is 345/186-1.85, and a sufficient safety margin is provided.
It can be seen that a spherical tank type explosive container 1 having a radius R of 1.5m was manufactured using the steel Q345A for a container, and the wall thickness δ was 50 mm; the inertia energy absorption block 2 is made of steel, and the minimum thickness delta is designed to be 0.5 m; the underwater explosion with the tolerable dose Q of 1.0kg is realized, and the safety coefficient is 1.85. The detailed design adopts numerical calculation simulation.
Example 2
Referring to example 1, the amount of drug was changed to 0.5kg only, with the remaining parameters being unchanged. Calculating the peak value sigma of the residual stress wave (74)(74)mThe isoparametric parameters are shown in the following table:
| Pm/MPa | θ/ms | λ/m | σ(74)m/MPa |
| 25.5 | 0.0981 | 0.503 | 7.0 |
in the spherical tank explosive container 1 having a wall thickness δ of 0.050m and a radius R of 1.5m, the peak value σ of the residual stress wave 74 is expressed(74)mThe maximum hoop stress induced in the explosive container 1 is:
the yield stress of Q345A steel is 345MPa, the safety factor of the design is 345/105-3.29, and a sufficient safety margin is provided. If a safety factor of 1.85 is used, the internal pressure that can be tolerated by the explosive container 1 is 12.4 MPa. The dosage Q is 0.5kg, and the tolerance of the internal pressure is 12.4-7.0 MPa. Thus, the 5.4MPa internal pressure margin can be used entirely to apply the initial hydrostatic pressure, i.e., a water depth of 540m can be simulated.
Thus, a spherical tank type explosive container 1 having a radius R of 1.5m was manufactured from the container steel Q345A, and the wall thickness δ was 50 mm; the inertia energy absorption block 2 is made of steel, and the minimum thickness delta is designed to be 0.5 m; the device can bear underwater explosion with the simulated water depth of 540m and the explosive quantity Q of 0.5kg, and the safety factor is 1.85. The detailed design adopts numerical calculation simulation.
Example 3
Referring to example 1 and example 2, the amount of drug was changed to 0.3kg, with the remaining parameters being unchanged. Calculating the peak value sigma of the residual stress wave (74)(74)mThe isoparametric parameters are shown in the following table:
| Pm/MPa | θ/ms | λ/m | σ(74)m/MPa |
| 21.0 | 0.0864 | 0.443 | 4.4 |
in the spherical tank explosive container 1 having a wall thickness δ of 0.050m and a radius R of 1.5m, the peak value σ of the residual stress wave 74 is expressed(74)mThe maximum hoop stress induced in the explosive container 1 is:
if the yield stress of the Q345A steel is 345MPa, the safety factor is 345/66-5.23, and a sufficient safety margin exists. If a safety factor of 1.85 is used, the internal pressure that can be tolerated by the explosive container 1 is 12.4 MPa. The dosage Q is 0.3kg, and the tolerance of internal pressure is 12.4-4.4 MPa. Likewise, a water depth of 800m can be simulated using the 8.0MPa internal pressure margin entirely over the initial hydrostatic pressure applied.
Thus, a spherical tank type explosive container 1 having a radius R of 1.5m was manufactured from the container steel Q345A, and the wall thickness δ was 50 mm; the inertia energy absorption block 2 is made of steel, and the minimum thickness delta is designed to be 0.5 m; the device can bear underwater explosion with the simulated water depth of 800m and the medicine quantity Q of 0.3kg, and the safety factor is 1.85. The detailed design adopts numerical calculation simulation.
Claims (5)
1. A method for protecting an explosive container by underwater inertia energy absorption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a vibration damping base (5) is arranged at the bottom of a water pool (3), and an explosion container (1) is arranged on the vibration damping base;
then, a plurality of inertia energy absorption blocks (2) which are combined and spliced are arranged around the explosion container (1), the inner cavity of each inertia energy absorption block (2) is overlapped with the shape of the explosion container (1), and a gap (6) communicated with a water body (4) is reserved between the inertia energy absorption blocks;
in the explosion test, the water tank (3) is filled with water (4);
and after the explosion test, the water tank (3) is drained, the inertia energy absorption block (2) is lifted out, and the explosion container (1) is checked.
2. Method for underwater energy-absorbing inertia explosive containment according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy-absorbing inertia block (2) is a single piece or is made up of several layers.
3. A method of underwater energy-absorbing inertia containment of a detonation vessel according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the energy-absorbing inertia block (2) has a minimum thickness of not less than 3 times the wall thickness of the detonation vessel (1).
4. A method of underwater energy-absorbing inertia containment of an explosive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the width of the gap (6) is not more than 3 times the wall thickness of the explosive containment (1).
5. A method of underwater energy-absorbing inertia containment of an explosive according to claim 3, characterized in that the width of the gap (6) is not more than 3 times the wall thickness of the explosive containment (1).
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| CN206539891U (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-10-03 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of lightweight flat steel ribbon wound metallic multilayer ripple sandwich anti-explosion container |
| CN106881921A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-23 | 武汉大学 | Shock wave composite energy dissipation protector |
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| CN108360461A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-03 | 大工科创船海工程研究院（大连）有限公司 | A kind of Double-protection wall arresting gear waterborne based on energy absorbent block energy consumption |
| CN109596666A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 北京理工大学 | It is a kind of for simulating the explosion experimental facility of underwater free field environment |
| CN212227897U (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-25 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Energy-absorbing protective structure applied to cylindrical explosive container |
| CN112197663A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 大连理工大学 | Method for protecting explosive container with water |
| CN113295066A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Active reaction type energetic material sandwich cylindrical anti-explosion structure |
| CN113704845A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Design method for semi-submersible large-scale explosion experimental tank installation foundation |
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