CN114720082A - Method for optimizing icing cloud and mist uniformity of large icing wind tunnel - Google Patents
Method for optimizing icing cloud and mist uniformity of large icing wind tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of icing wind tunnel tests and provides a method for optimizing icing cloud and mist uniformity of a large icing wind tunnel. According to the invention, an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced is obtained through a test, the icing thickness distribution diagram is subjected to region division according to the independent test unit on the spray rake, a region with the icing thickness larger than or smaller than a set thickness range on the icing thickness distribution diagram is found, test conditions in the corresponding independent test unit are adjusted or a nozzle is replaced, and then the uniformity optimization of a cloud field is completed. The optimization method is quick and effective, and can be suitable for optimizing the icing cloud and mist uniformity of the large icing wind tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of icing wind tunnel tests, in particular to a method for optimizing icing cloud and mist uniformity of a large icing wind tunnel.
Background
The icing wind tunnel is important ground test equipment for airplane icing research and verification of an airplane component ice prevention and removal system, and plays an important role in airplane icing airworthiness verification. The 3m × 2m icing wind tunnel is the first large icing wind tunnel in China, plays an important role in the aspects of airplane icing research, airplane deicing prevention system development and the like in China, and provides important test data support for airworthiness examination and determination of airplane icing in China.
In order to meet the requirements of the aircraft icing airworthiness certification test, the icing wind tunnel must be used for carrying out comprehensive calibration and evaluation on the quality of the cloud and mist field. The icing cloud mist field quality refers to the uniformity degree of characteristic parameters of an icing cloud mist field in an icing wind tunnel test section in time and space, and the characteristic parameters comprise icing cloud mist uniformity, droplet size and liquid water content. The cloud field uniformity refers to the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the content of the frozen cloud liquid water in the wind tunnel test section.
Icing wind tunnels generally utilize an icing grid device to achieve cloud and mist field uniformity assessment, and cloud and mist uniformity is characterized by relative icing thickness distribution. However, thousands of air atomizing nozzles are installed in the spraying system of the large icing wind tunnel, and the small-particle-size nozzles and the large-particle-size nozzles are arranged alternately, so that the performance difference of the nozzles is large, and the spraying system of the large icing wind tunnel is very complicated due to the factors, and the cloud and mist uniformity cannot meet the standard requirement easily. Aiming at the problem of the uniformity optimization of the icing cloud and fog of the large icing wind tunnel at home and abroad, a quick and effective optimization method is not formed, and the development of an optimization method for the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large icing wind tunnel is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimizing the icing cloud and mist uniformity of a large icing wind tunnel, which can quickly optimize the icing cloud and mist uniformity of the large icing wind tunnel.
A large icing wind tunnel icing cloud and mist uniformity optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10 test device preparation
Arranging a device to be frozen at a test section below the nozzle, and freezing the cloud sprayed by the nozzle under the set test condition;
s20, determining an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced under the set test condition;
s30, dividing the icing thickness distribution graph obtained in the step S20 into M multiplied by P areas, wherein the M multiplied by P independent test units correspond to the spraying rake; m is the number of transversely divided regions, and P is the number of longitudinally divided regions;
s40, finding out the area with the icing thickness larger or smaller than the set thickness range on the icing thickness distribution diagram, and adjusting the test conditions in the corresponding independent test unit or replacing the nozzle.
Further, the step S20 includes the following steps:
s201, setting the nozzle distribution in the spray rake as a matrix Aij, wherein i is the ith row of nozzles, j is the jth column of nozzles,
，
(ii) a Wherein N and K are the total row number and the total column number of the nozzles respectively;
s202, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing;
s203, after the test is finished, measuring and recording the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced;
if the icing ranges of the cloud mist produced by the two groups of nozzles on the device to be iced are not overlapped, executing step S204;
if the nozzles are overlapped, the nozzles between two corresponding rows or two corresponding columns which are overlapped are sequentially opened in a single row or a single column for testing, and the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced are recorded;
s204, retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, or retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, and repeating the step S203;
s205, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing; repeating steps S203-S204;
and S206, superposing all the obtained icing ranges and the corresponding icing thicknesses to obtain an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake in the central section of the test section.
Further, in step S20, the layout of the nozzles is selected to be 1: n, when the cloud and mist test is carried out, uniformly opening 1/n of nozzles to carry out the spray test, wherein n is the total number of the nozzles; in step S201, i and j are the number of rows and columns of nozzles selected to be on.
Further, in step S20, the test may be performed simultaneously for a plurality of sets of nozzles while ensuring that no icing ranges overlap.
Further, in step S30, the division into regions is performed according to the individual control regions of the nozzles on the spray rake.
Further, step S40 is followed by:
s50, after the test condition is adjusted or the nozzle is replaced, the test is carried out again to obtain a new icing thickness distribution diagram, and the step S40 is returned until the icing thicknesses on the obtained icing thickness distribution diagram are all within the set thickness range.
Further, in step S10, the device to be frozen is a grid device.
Further, the grid means is an equidistant grid.
Further, the adjusting test conditions are adjusting water pressure and air pressure of the nozzles in the corresponding independent test units.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of adjusting the layout mode of the nozzles.
Compared with the prior art, the method for optimizing the icing cloud and fog uniformity of the large icing wind tunnel has the following beneficial effects: the invention can quickly carry out the test, and can quickly find out the units with relatively non-uniform cloud and mist fields for adjustment to quickly complete the uniformity optimization of the cloud and mist fields by corresponding the icing thickness distribution map with the independent test units on the spray rake.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing the uniformity of icing clouds in a large-scale icing wind tunnel according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing step S20 in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of icing range and corresponding icing thickness on an icing device under test obtained after a set of horizontal rows of nozzles was turned on in calculation example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of icing range and corresponding icing thickness on an icing device under test obtained after starting a set of vertical row nozzles according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an icing thickness distribution of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced according to the calculation example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the icing thickness distribution of the spray generated by the optimized spray rake on the device to be iced, which is obtained by the calculation example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
A large icing wind tunnel icing cloud and mist uniformity optimization method comprises the following steps of:
s10 test device preparation
Arranging a device to be frozen at a test section below the nozzle, and freezing the cloud sprayed by the nozzle under the set test condition;
those skilled in the art will appreciate that the icing device to be tested needs to be placed in the test section of the wind tunnel test to simulate the cloud condition of the spray rake under real test conditions.
S20, determining an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced under the set test condition;
specifically, as shown in fig. 2:
s201, setting the nozzle distribution in the spray rake as a matrix Aij, wherein i is the nozzle in the ith row and the nozzle in the jth column,
，
(ii) a Wherein N and K are the total row number and the total column number of the nozzles respectively;
s202, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing; that is, the first row and the last row are opened simultaneously, or the first column and the last column are opened simultaneously to perform the test, so that the two groups of nozzle tests can be performed simultaneously, and the cloud fields generated by the two groups of nozzles do not have intersection, so that the test is accurate and the test time can be saved;
it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that after each test, the ice accretion on the device to be frozen is removed and the next set of nozzles is tested.
S203, after the test is finished, measuring and recording the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the icing range and icing thickness can be measured manually or by sensors. If the sensor is adopted for measurement, a plurality of measuring points are uniformly arranged on the device to be frozen, and the freezing thickness measured by each measuring point is recorded after the test is finished.
If the icing ranges of the cloud mist produced by the two groups of nozzles on the device to be iced are not overlapped, executing step S204;
in this step, whether or not the overlapping occurs may be determined by visual observation or by the icing area measured by the sensor, and if the icing area is not two independent icing areas, the overlapping is determined.
If the nozzles are overlapped, the nozzles between two corresponding rows or two corresponding columns which are overlapped are sequentially opened in a single row or a single column for testing, and the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced are recorded;
if the icing areas are overlapped, the cloud and mist fields generated by the two groups of nozzles for testing are mutually interfered, and the icing range and the icing thickness obtained by the test cannot be directly used for calculating an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced through superposition. It is therefore necessary to test two groups of nozzles interfering with each other and all the nozzle rows or nozzle columns between them individually, and to record the icing range and icing thickness obtained for the cloud field produced by each group of nozzles.
S204, retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, or retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, and repeating the step S203;
that is, if the icing ranges are not overlapped, indicating that the cloud fields generated by the two groups of nozzles in the test do not interfere with each other, the nozzles selected in the test are continuously pushed from the two ends to the middle, and the nozzle test of the next group is carried out.
S205, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing; repeating steps S203-S204;
since the nozzle test in step S202 is performed by opening the nozzles in units of rows or columns, that is, the first test is taken as an example, the nozzle test is performed on the first row and the last row, or the first column and the last column, if the nozzle test is performed on the first row and the last row, after the completion of one round of test, the icing condition of the cloud mist generated from all the nozzles in the first row to the last row is obtained, the interference condition of the nozzles between the rows is considered, but the cloud mist interference condition between the nozzles in each row is not considered.
Therefore, after the nozzle tests in the row unit are carried out, namely, the nozzles in the first row and the nozzles in the last row are taken as a first group of tests and are pushed inwards in sequence, so that after all the test results are superposed, the relatively accurate icing position and icing amount of the water droplet cloud generated by each nozzle in the central section of the test section can be obtained.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is preferable to perform tests on multiple sets of nozzles simultaneously, for example, the first, middle and last rows, while ensuring that icing zones do not overlap, thus further saving test time.
And S206, superposing all the obtained icing ranges and the corresponding icing thicknesses to obtain an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake in the central section of the test section.
S30, dividing the icing thickness distribution graph obtained in the step S20 into M multiplied by P areas, wherein the M multiplied by P independent test units correspond to the spraying rake; m is the number of transversely divided regions, and P is the number of longitudinally divided regions; that is, the icing thickness profile is divided into regions, each region corresponding to an individual test unit on the spray rake, i.e., a region that is required to be controlled independently of the nozzle on the spray rake, and an individual control region, as an individual test unit, corresponds to a region in the icing thickness profile. This is done to facilitate adjustment of the nozzles in the corresponding regions according to the icing thickness profile to optimize the uniformity of the overall cloud field, as shown in step S40.
And S40, finding out the area of which the icing thickness is larger than or smaller than the set thickness range on the icing thickness distribution diagram, and adjusting the test conditions in the corresponding independent test unit or replacing the nozzle.
That is, the areas of non-uniformity with larger or smaller cloud field distributions are identified from the icing thickness profile and the nozzles corresponding to these areas are adjusted.
The set thickness may be set empirically or may be based on an average ice thickness calculated from the resulting ice thickness profile, for example, within a range of plus or minus 10% average thickness.
For the adjusting method, the water pressure and the air pressure of the nozzles in the corresponding independent testing units can be adjusted, and the nozzles in the corresponding independent testing units can also be directly replaced.
Preferably, step S40 is followed by step S50: and after the test conditions are adjusted or the nozzle is replaced, testing is carried out again to obtain a new icing thickness distribution diagram, and the step S40 is returned until the icing thicknesses on the obtained icing thickness distribution diagram are all within the set thickness range.
That is, new icing thickness profiles are obtained by re-testing the adjusted or replaced individual test units. In this embodiment, the method of testing again after adjusting or replacing the nozzle includes at least two methods, one is to test the adjusted independent test unit individually for each row in the method as described above, for example, if the adjusted independent test unit is from row 1, column 3 to row 3, column 4, then the test that needs to be performed again is: sequentially starting nozzles in the 1 st row, the 2 nd row, the 3 rd column and the 4 th column for testing, and replacing the previous data with the new icing thickness and the icing range to obtain a new icing thickness distribution map; and secondly, all the nozzles are tested together, and the icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced is directly obtained, so that the uniformity of the cloud and mist field generated by the adjusted spray rake under the test condition is judged. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the second method can be used to more quickly obtain a successful or unsuccessful adjustment and to reduce the time required to optimize the assay.
Preferably, the cloud field can also be optimized by adjusting the arrangement of the nozzles, which is explained in detail in example 2.
Preferably, the device to be frozen adopted by the embodiment of the invention is a grid device, so that whether the cloud and mist freezing ranges generated by the two groups of nozzles are overlapped or not can be observed more conveniently. More preferably, the grid means is an equidistant grid. Since the grid device is prior art, the present invention is not further described, and is described in detail in patent No. CN201710830800.x or CN 201710830886.6.
Example 2
Unlike embodiment 1, this embodiment 2 further includes, in step S10: determining the layout mode of the nozzles as 1: and n, in the cloud and mist test, uniformly opening 1/n of nozzles to carry out the spray test, wherein n is the total number of the nozzles.
Under normal conditions, according to the requirement of the liquid water content of the test, the layout mode of the nozzles needs to be selected, 1:1 means that all the nozzles are opened during the test, and the liquid water content obtained by the layout mode is the maximum; 1:2 indicates that half of the nozzles were opened during the test, in which case a relatively small liquid water content could be obtained. 1: the nozzle 1/3 was opened for the test 3, one unit in each of three rows or three columns, only one nozzle in each unit was opened, and the spacing of the opened nozzles was selected to be the same in order to make the cloud field uniform. 1:4 to 1: the layout of n is the same as the above layout, and is not described herein again.
In the optimization process, uniformly opening 1/n of nozzles to perform a spraying test, wherein n is the total number of the nozzles; in step S201, i and j are the number of rows and columns of nozzles selected to be on. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, for example, a 10 x 10 nozzle array, in the 1:2, when the 5X 10 nozzle array is selected to be opened
，
(ii) a Alternatively, a 10 x 5 nozzle array may be activated, in which case
，
. Then, the execution of step S202 and the subsequent steps is continued in the manner of embodiment 1.
Calculation example 1
The uniform grid device is arranged in a test section, and the nozzle matrix is A20,50The test conditions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation of icing cloud and fog uniformity and optimization of test conditions
Fig. 3 shows the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness map on the icing device to be tested obtained after the test of starting a group of horizontal row nozzles, and fig. 4 shows the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness map on the icing device to be tested obtained after the test of starting a group of vertical row nozzles, wherein in fig. 3 and 4, the deeper the color is, the greater the icing thickness is; FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the icing thickness of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced, and the water flow of the nozzle corresponding to the test unit with the deviation of the icing thickness greater than +10% is properly reduced under the condition that the MVD of the spray sprayed by the nozzle is 20 μm, namely the water pressure of the nozzle is set to Pw =0.15MPa, and the air pressure is Pa =0.15MPa for spraying; and (3) properly increasing the water flow of the nozzle corresponding to the test unit with the deviation of the ice accretion thickness larger than-10%, namely setting the water pressure of the nozzle to Pw =0.3MPa and the air pressure to Pa =0.2MPa for spraying. The optimization results are shown in fig. 6. Comparing the icing thickness distribution diagrams in the boxes of fig. 5 and fig. 6, the darker the color in the diagrams, the larger the absolute value of the icing thickness deviation is, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the icing thickness deviation of the central area of the test section is basically within ± 10%, so as to meet the standard requirement of icing cloud uniformity.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large icing wind tunnel icing cloud and mist uniformity optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10 test device preparation
Arranging a device to be frozen at a test section below the nozzle, and freezing the cloud sprayed by the nozzle under the set test condition;
s20, determining an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake on the device to be iced under the set test condition;
s30, dividing the icing thickness distribution graph obtained in the step S20 into M multiplied by P areas, wherein the M multiplied by P independent test units correspond to the spraying rake; m is the number of transversely divided regions, and P is the number of longitudinally divided regions;
s40, finding out the area with the icing thickness larger or smaller than the set thickness range on the icing thickness distribution diagram, and adjusting the test conditions in the corresponding independent test unit or replacing the nozzle.
2. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large icing wind tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S20 includes the steps of:
s201, setting the nozzle distribution in the spray rake as a matrix Aij, wherein i is the nozzle in the ith row, j is the nozzle in the jth column,
，
(ii) a Wherein N and K are the total row number and the total column number of the nozzle respectively;
s202, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing;
s203, after the test is finished, measuring and recording the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced;
if the icing ranges of the cloud mist produced by the two groups of nozzles on the device to be iced are not overlapped, executing step S204;
if the nozzles are overlapped, the nozzles between two corresponding rows or two corresponding columns which are overlapped are sequentially opened in a single row or a single column for testing, and the icing range and the corresponding icing thickness on the device to be iced are recorded;
s204, retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, or retracting one row in the middle of the row where the opened nozzles are positioned, and repeating the step S203;
s205, simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with j =1 and j = K for testing, or simultaneously opening two groups of nozzles with i =1 and i = N for testing; repeating steps S203-S204;
and S206, superposing all the obtained icing ranges and the corresponding icing thicknesses to obtain an icing thickness distribution diagram of the spray generated by the spray rake in the central section of the test section.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S20, the nozzle layout mode selected according to the required test conditions is 1: n, when the cloud and mist test is carried out, uniformly opening 1/n of nozzles to carry out the spray test, wherein n is the total number of the nozzles; in step S201, i and j are the number of rows and columns of nozzles selected to be on.
4. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud fog of the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to claim 2, wherein in the step S20, the test of the plurality of groups of nozzles can be simultaneously performed under the condition that the icing ranges are not overlapped.
5. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud in the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step S30, the areas are divided according to the independent control areas of the nozzles on the spray rake.
6. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to claim 5, wherein the step S40 is further followed by:
s50, after the test condition is adjusted or the nozzle is replaced, the test is carried out again to obtain a new icing thickness distribution diagram, and the step S40 is returned until the icing thicknesses on the obtained icing thickness distribution diagram are all within the set thickness range.
7. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the device to be iced is a grid device.
8. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to claim 7, wherein the grid device is an equidistant grid.
9. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large-scale icing wind tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the test condition is to adjust the water pressure and the air pressure of the nozzles in the corresponding independent test units.
10. The method for optimizing the uniformity of the icing cloud and fog of the large icing wind tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises adjusting the layout mode of nozzles.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115541172A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Continuous measurement device for ice wind tunnel cloud and mist field |
| CN115780118A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-03-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Supercooled large-water-drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device |
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