CN114719952A - Distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system and detection method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system and a detection method, wherein the system comprises: the continuous light generating module comprises a frequency phase stabilizer, a laser and a beam splitter, wherein the laser is used for outputting a continuous light signal which is subjected to feedback control through the frequency phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter is used for dividing the continuous light signal into a first branch continuous light signal and a second branch continuous light signal; the pulse modulation module comprises an acousto-optic modulator and a pulse edge shaper, wherein the acousto-optic modulator is used for carrying out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputting a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper is used for carrying out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputting a second detection optical pulse signal; the detection optical fiber is used for receiving the second detection optical pulse signal and returning to output the first detection optical signal; and the signal processing module is used for processing the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal. The system has higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sound wave detection technology obtains a series of technical achievements in a plurality of application fields such as perimeter safety, oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring, power cable state monitoring, geophysical exploration, ocean sound field monitoring and the like, and fully shows the technical advantages of high sensitivity, large dynamic range and long-distance continuous monitoring of the optical fiber sensing technology.
By analyzing the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection technology, it can be found that in the prior art, in order to realize a detection and problem solving system with higher performance, an external pulse modulation mode is generally adopted to avoid introducing laser modulation noise, and meanwhile, in the aspect of improving the quality of optical pulses, an electro-optical modulation device with a low extinction ratio is avoided as much as possible to obtain a detection optical pulse signal with higher quality. The invention patent: the optical time domain reflectometer based on the double acousto-optic modulator and the common mode rejection method (CN103900623B) thereof, the double acousto-optic modulator technology is used for eliminating the source noise of a laser source and an external modulation device, and the noise interference introduced by the laser source and a radio frequency source is reduced by a mode of twice difference, but for a distributed acoustic wave detection system adopting the acousto-optic modulation technology, because the rising edge and the falling edge of the acousto-optic modulation device are slow and a certain overshoot phenomenon exists, the distributed acoustic wave detection system is not beneficial to obtaining an ideal modulation optical pulse signal with high performance; the invention has the following patents: a distributed perimeter system signal enhancement method and a system (CN104183074B) based on a time domain reflection technology carry out post-processing on detected signals through a wavelet decomposition technology so as to avoid low-frequency interference parts and improve the signal-to-noise ratio index of available signals, but the most main source of low-frequency noise in a distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system is the frequency instability of a light source signal of a laser, the long-term instability causes great difficulty to the signal processing process, influences the signal processing speed, reduces the response speed of the system and is not beneficial to improving the popularization and application of the distributed optical fiber sound wave detection technology; the Meiqi REN et al article: the Stability of the phase signal to be detected is influenced by a demodulation optical path, and a detection signal obtained by a detection system adopting an electro-optical modulation technology and a direct demodulation principle has a larger uncertainty index. The signal-to-noise ratio index of the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system still needs to be improved through continuous system design optimization so as to ensure that the detection signal has better consistency and reliability.
Therefore, how to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the distributed fiber acoustic wave detection system is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio index of the output signal and ensure that the distributed acoustic wave detection system has higher detection sensitivity, dynamic range and long-term signal stability.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system, including:
the continuous light generating module comprises a frequency-phase stabilizer, a laser and a beam splitter, wherein the laser is used for outputting a continuous light signal which is subjected to feedback control through the frequency-phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter is used for dividing the continuous light signal into a first branch continuous light signal and a second branch continuous light signal;
the pulse modulation module comprises an acousto-optic modulator and a pulse edge shaper, the acousto-optic modulator is used for carrying out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputting a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper is used for carrying out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputting a second detection optical pulse signal;
the detection optical fiber is used for receiving the second detection optical pulse signal and returning to output a first detection optical signal;
and the signal processing module is used for processing the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
Optionally, the acousto-optic modulator is specifically configured to perform frequency shift and first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal, and output the first detection optical pulse signal.
Optionally, the pulse edge shaper is specifically configured to shape a rising edge and a falling edge of the first probe optical pulse signal, and output the second probe optical pulse signal.
Optionally, the pulse edge shaper includes a semiconductor optical amplifier.
Optionally, the laser comprises a DFB type narrow linewidth laser.
Optionally, the system further includes:
an optical pulse amplifier for adjusting the power of the second probe optical pulse signal;
a circulator for adjusting directions of the second probe light pulse signal and the first probe light signal;
the coupler is used for receiving a first detection optical signal output from the circulator and a second branch continuous optical signal output from the beam splitter and outputting an interference optical signal obtained by interference between the first detection optical signal and the continuous optical signal;
optionally, the signal processing module includes:
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the interference optical signal into an electric signal;
the signal processing unit comprises a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal processing host and a display, wherein the high-speed data acquisition card is used for acquiring the electric signals, the signal processing host is used for receiving and processing the electric signals, and the display is used for displaying the processing result.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a detection method based on the above distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system, including:
the laser outputs a continuous optical signal which is subjected to feedback control through a frequency phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter divides the continuous optical signal into a first branch continuous optical signal and a second branch continuous optical signal;
the acousto-optic modulator carries out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputs a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper carries out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputs a second detection optical pulse signal;
the detection optical fiber receives the second detection optical pulse signal and returns to output a first detection optical signal;
and the signal processing module processes the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
The beneficial effects of adopting the above embodiment are:
the invention adopts the technical scheme that the laser is controlled, and the frequency-phase stabilizer is introduced to ensure the stability of the central wavelength of the output laser signal, thereby reducing the influence of phase noise from the laser source of the detection system; and in the aspect of an external modulation technology, a pulse modulation technology is adopted twice, and a multi-pulse signal is shaped, so that a detection light pulse with higher quality and an ideal shape is obtained, the signal-to-noise ratio index of the system is improved, and the stability and consistency of phase information obtained by the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system are ensured. The difficulty of a subsequent signal processing algorithm is reduced by controlling front-end hardware equipment, and the development of a signal and pattern recognition algorithm which is faster and more efficient is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a distributed fiber acoustic detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an application of an embodiment of a distributed fiber acoustic detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a phase variation comparison of a light source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a first detection light pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a second probe light pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a detection method based on a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system and a detection method, which are respectively explained below.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system provided by the present invention, and fig. 2 is an application design diagram of an embodiment of a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system provided by the present invention, which is described below with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2:
in an embodiment of the present invention, a distributed optical fiber acoustic detection system 100 is disclosed, which includes:
the continuous light generating module 110 includes a frequency-phase stabilizer, a laser and a beam splitter, the laser is configured to output a continuous light signal that is feedback-controlled by the frequency-phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter is configured to divide the continuous light signal into a first branch continuous light signal and a second branch continuous light signal.
The frequency-phase stabilizer can perform feedback control on the center frequency of the laser, so that the laser can output a continuous optical signal with stable frequency. In one embodiment of the invention, the frequency-phase stabilizer comprises an optical phase-locked loop, and the laser comprises a DFB type narrow linewidth laser, and the laser has thermal tuning and current tuning functions, and can perform feedback control on the central frequency of the laser, wherein the central wavelength is 1550nm, and the output power is 20 milliwatts.
For better comparing the difference between the presence and absence of feedback control, please refer to fig. 3, in which fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the phase variation comparison of the light source according to an embodiment of the present invention. The curve a is a light source phase change curve of the laser after being subjected to feedback control by the frequency phase stabilizer, and the curve B is a light source phase change curve of the laser after being subjected to feedback control by the frequency phase stabilizer, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the change fluctuation of the curve B is small, which indicates that the light source phase change of the laser after being subjected to feedback control by the frequency phase stabilizer tends to be stable; the curve a has large fluctuation, which indicates that the frequency of the laser without feedback control by the frequency stabilizer drifts, and the phase of the light source changes unstably.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the splitting ratio of the beam splitter is 1:1, and the beam splitter splits the continuous optical signal into a first branch continuous optical signal and a second branch continuous optical signal.
The invention carries out noise suppression from the source of the optical signal, and suppresses the frequency noise and the phase noise of the laser through the frequency-phase stabilizer, so that the continuous optical signal output by the laser has stable and consistent central frequency, and simultaneously, the lower phase noise level is ensured, thus the low-frequency noise part from the laser light source in the detection signal is greatly eliminated, and the signal repeatability and the reliability index of the detection system can be ensured.
The pulse modulation module 120 comprises an acousto-optic modulator and a pulse edge shaper, wherein the acousto-optic modulator is used for performing first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputting a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper is used for performing second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputting a second detection optical pulse signal;
the acousto-optic modulator is specifically used for carrying out frequency shift and first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputting a first detection optical pulse signal. Specifically, the acousto-optic modulator is an acousto-optic modulator produced by Gooch & Housego company in UK, the typical extinction ratio index is 50dB, and the rising and falling edge time of a modulation pulse is 35 ns. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a diagram of a first detection light pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The pulse edge shaper is specifically configured to shape a rising edge and a falling edge of the first probe optical pulse signal and output a second probe optical pulse signal.
Specifically, the pulse edge shaper adopts a semiconductor optical amplifier, and can be used for modulating a pulse signal to obtain an extremely high extinction ratio index due to the light-on characteristic, and the rising and falling edge time of the detection optical pulse is within 20ns after the second optical pulse modulation. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a diagram of a second detection light pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5, the rising edge and the falling edge of the second detection light pulse signal are steeper, the top of the pulse is flatter, overshoot and glitch are avoided, and the signal-to-noise ratio index of the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system can be greatly improved.
The pulse modulation technology is adopted twice in the aspect of detecting light pulse modulation shaping, firstly, the characteristic of high extinction ratio of an acousto-optic modulator is utilized to carry out first pulse modulation, then, a pulse edge shaper is utilized to shape the rising edge and the falling edge of an optical pulse, a relatively ideal detecting light pulse signal is formed through second pulse modulation, the rising edge and the falling edge of the light pulse signal are steeper, the top of the pulse is flatter, the phenomena of overshoot and burr are avoided, the signal to noise ratio index of the signal can be greatly improved, and the distributed sound wave detecting system is ensured to have higher detecting sensitivity, a dynamic range and long-term signal stability.
A detection optical fiber 130 for receiving the second detection optical pulse signal and outputting the first detection optical signal in return;
it should be noted that, in an embodiment of the present invention, before the detection optical fiber receives the second detection optical pulse signal, the power of the second detection optical pulse signal may also be adjusted, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, an optical pulse amplifier is added before the detection optical fiber for adjusting the power of the second detection optical pulse signal, and specifically, the optical pulse amplifier is an optical signal amplification module in the form of a universal EDFA; a circulator is added between the optical pulse amplifier and the detection fiber, specifically, a circulator three-port device, where the port 1 can receive a second detection optical pulse signal output by the optical pulse amplifier and subjected to power amplification, the port 2 can output the second detection optical pulse signal and receive a first detection optical signal emitted by the detection fiber, and then the first detection optical signal is output to the coupler through the port 3.
And a signal processing module 140, configured to process the first probe optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
It can be understood that, before the signal processing module processes the first probe optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal, the distributed fiber acoustic wave detection system further includes a coupler, where the coupler is configured to receive the first probe optical signal output from the circulator and the second branch continuous optical signal output from the beam splitter, and output an interference optical signal after the first probe optical signal interferes with the continuous optical signal, and specifically, the coupler is a 1 × 2 fiber coupler.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a signal processing module includes: the photoelectric detector is a high-speed detector capable of converting optical signals into electric signals, and is used for converting interference optical signals into electric signals.
The signal processing unit comprises a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal processing host, a display and a necessary working terminal with signal processing capability, wherein the high-speed data acquisition card is used for acquiring electric signals, the signal processing host is used for receiving and processing the electric signals, and the display is used for displaying the processing result. In the embodiment, the high-speed data acquisition card is a circuit board which is autonomously developed based on the FPGA technology and has signal processing capacity, and the signal processing host and the display are a server computer of a Daire desktop workstation.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the laser is controlled, and the frequency-phase stabilizer is introduced to ensure the stability of the central wavelength of the output laser signal, thereby reducing the influence of phase noise from the laser source of the detection system; and in the aspect of an external modulation technology, a pulse modulation technology is adopted twice, and a multi-pulse signal is shaped, so that a detection light pulse with higher quality and an ideal shape is obtained, the signal-to-noise ratio index of the system is improved, and the stability and consistency of phase information obtained by the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system are ensured. The difficulty of a subsequent signal processing algorithm is reduced by controlling front-end hardware equipment, the development of a signal and pattern recognition algorithm which is faster and more efficient is facilitated, the technical advantages of the distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system can be fully exerted, and the application range of the distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system is further expanded.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a detection method based on a distributed fiber acoustic wave detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention discloses a detection method based on the distributed optical fiber sound wave detection system, which comprises the following steps:
step S601: the laser outputs a continuous optical signal which is subjected to feedback control through the frequency-phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter divides the continuous optical signal into a first branch continuous optical signal and a second branch continuous optical signal;
step S602: the acousto-optic modulator carries out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputs a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper carries out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputs a second detection optical pulse signal;
step S603: the detection optical fiber receives the second detection optical pulse signal and returns to output the first detection optical signal;
step S604: the signal processing module processes the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
Here, it should be noted that: the method provided by the above embodiment can implement the technical solutions described in the above system embodiments, and the specific implementation principle of the method can be referred to the corresponding content in the above system embodiments, and is not described herein again.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A distributed fiber optic acoustic detection system, comprising:
the continuous light generating module comprises a frequency-phase stabilizer, a laser and a beam splitter, wherein the laser is used for outputting a continuous light signal which is subjected to feedback control through the frequency-phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter is used for dividing the continuous light signal into a first branch continuous light signal and a second branch continuous light signal;
the pulse modulation module comprises an acousto-optic modulator and a pulse edge shaper, the acousto-optic modulator is used for carrying out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputting a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper is used for carrying out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputting a second detection optical pulse signal;
the detection optical fiber is used for receiving the second detection optical pulse signal and returning to output a first detection optical signal;
and the signal processing module is used for processing the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the acousto-optic modulator is specifically configured to frequency shift and first pulse modulate the first branch continuous optical signal to output the first probe optical pulse signal.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the pulse edge shaper is configured to shape rising and falling edges of the first probe optical pulse signal and output the second probe optical pulse signal.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the pulse edge shaper comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser comprises a DFB type narrow linewidth laser.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an optical pulse amplifier for adjusting the power of the second probe optical pulse signal;
a circulator for adjusting directions of the second detection light pulse signal and the first detection light signal;
the coupler is used for receiving a first detection optical signal output from the circulator and a second branch continuous optical signal output from the beam splitter and outputting an interference optical signal obtained by interference between the first detection optical signal and the continuous optical signal.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the signal processing module comprises:
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the interference optical signal into an electric signal;
the signal processing unit comprises a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal processing host and a display, wherein the high-speed data acquisition card is used for acquiring the electric signals, the signal processing host is used for receiving and processing the electric signals, and the display is used for displaying the processing result.
8. A detection method based on the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave detection system of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the laser outputs a continuous optical signal which is subjected to feedback control through a frequency phase stabilizer, and the beam splitter divides the continuous optical signal into a first branch continuous optical signal and a second branch continuous optical signal;
the acousto-optic modulator carries out first pulse modulation on the first branch continuous optical signal and outputs a first detection optical pulse signal, and the pulse edge shaper carries out second pulse modulation on the first detection optical pulse signal and outputs a second detection optical pulse signal;
the detection optical fiber receives the second detection optical pulse signal and returns to output a first detection optical signal;
and the signal processing module processes the first detection optical signal and the second branch continuous optical signal.
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