CN114718830A - Working medium-free annular hot wire cathode - Google Patents
Working medium-free annular hot wire cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CN114718830A CN114718830A CN202210384866.1A CN202210384866A CN114718830A CN 114718830 A CN114718830 A CN 114718830A CN 202210384866 A CN202210384866 A CN 202210384866A CN 114718830 A CN114718830 A CN 114718830A
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Th] WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0062—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field
- F03H1/0068—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field with a central channel, e.g. end-Hall type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode, which relates to the field of space electric propulsion and comprises a heat emission metal wire, an extraction electrode, a bottom plate, a heat shield and a thruster structure; the extraction pole is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; the leading-out electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the leading-out power supply; the thruster structure is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate; the thruster structure is connected with the thruster; a cavity is formed between the extraction electrode and the bottom plate; the heat shield and the heat emitting wire are both disposed within the cavity; the heat shield is disposed between the heat emitting wire and the base plate; the heat emission metal wire is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate; the heat emitting wire is a ring-shaped wire. The invention can solve the problem that the cathode of the traditional point electron source interferes with the symmetry of the plume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of space electric propulsion, in particular to a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode.
Background
The cathode is an important device for plume neutralization of space electric thrusters and charge balancing during spacecraft operation. In the on-orbit operation process of the spacecraft, because the charge neutralization of the ground wire is lacked, the spacecraft can generate charge accumulation under the action of ion beams emitted by the electric propeller and under the action of space environment charged particles, and the spacecraft is influenced in a non-negligible way. In addition, the start-up and operation of some electric thrusters require the cathode to supply the source electrons. Therefore, when the spacecraft is in orbit, a cathode is required to be equipped.
The most common internationally, in-orbit application, is the gas working medium hollow cathode, which utilizes the hollow cathode effect to extract the heat-emitted electrons from the high-density plasma in the cathode tube to provide electron flow. However, in the high-precision space science mission, the interference of the cathode using the gas working medium to the vector precision of the thrust generated by the propulsion system is not negligible because the cathode emits the plasma beam. Therefore, the development of various working medium-free cathodes is promoted at present. Common working medium-free cathodes include thermal emission hot filament cathodes, thermal emitter cathodes, field emission cathodes, and the like. The hot wire cathode has a simple structure and relatively high emission current, and has been applied to the field of micro electric propulsion for many times. The principle is that the electron overflow work of the emission material is achieved through electric heating, and then the positive electric field is applied by the extraction stage to extract the electrons in a directional manner to generate electron current.
However, various cathodes currently available, including hot-wire cathodes, which operate as point electron sources in the matching of the thrusters, have a considerable influence on the symmetry of the plume even if they do not generate thrust by themselves. Due to the particularity of the shape of the hot wire cathode emitter, the hot wire cathode emitter has the possibility of working as a ring-shaped electron source, so that the problem of plume asymmetry caused by the electron source to the thruster is thoroughly solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode, which solves the problem of symmetrical interference of a traditional point electron source cathode to a plume.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a working fluid-free annular hot wire cathode, comprising: the device comprises a heat emission metal wire, an extraction electrode, a bottom plate, a heat shield and a thruster structure;
the extraction pole is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; the leading-out electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the leading-out power supply; the thruster structure is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate; the thruster structure is connected with the thruster; a cavity is formed between the extraction electrode and the bottom plate; the heat shield and the heat emitting wire are both disposed within the cavity; the heat shield is disposed between the heat emitting wire and the base plate; the heat emission metal wire is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate; the heat emitting wire is a ring-shaped wire.
Optionally, the base plate further comprises a special-shaped bolt, and the special-shaped bolt is arranged on the base plate; one end of the special-shaped bolt is connected with the heat emission metal wire; the other end of the special-shaped bolt is connected with a heating power supply; the special-shaped bolt is used for fixing the heat emission metal wire on the bottom plate.
Optionally, a plurality of hollowed-out holes are arranged on the heat shield; the hollow holes are used for separating the adjacent special-shaped bolts.
Optionally, an extraction gap is arranged on the inner side of the extraction pole; the lead-out gap is arranged opposite to the heat emission metal wire; the extraction gap is used for extracting electrons overflowing from the thermal emission metal wire.
Optionally, the thruster comprises a hall thruster and an ion thruster; when the thruster is a Hall thruster; the direction of the extraction gap is the same as the direction of the magnetic force line of the Hall thruster.
Optionally, the outlet of the thruster structure is arranged in the centre of the bottom plate.
Optionally, the heat emitting wire, the extraction electrode, the bottom plate and the thruster structure are coaxially arranged.
Optionally, the side wall of the heat shield facing the heat emitting wire and the side wall of the extraction electrode facing the heat emitting wire are both smooth side walls.
Optionally, the material of the bottom plate is ceramic.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode.A leading-out electrode is arranged at the top of a bottom plate; the leading-out electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the leading-out power supply; the thruster structure is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate; the thruster structure is connected with the thruster; a cavity is formed between the extraction electrode and the bottom plate; the heat shield and the heat emitting metal wire are both arranged in the cavity; the heat shield is arranged between the heat emitting metal wire and the bottom plate; the heat emission metal wire is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate; the heat emitting wire is a loop wire. By adopting the annular heat emission metal wire and the extraction electrode, the electron current extraction which is symmetrically distributed relative to the axial line of the thruster is realized, and the influence of the cathode on the thrust vector of the thruster and the asymmetry of the plume distribution is avoided. And by using the thermal emission metal wire, the uncertain influence of the plasma beam of the traditional gas working medium cathode on the discharge characteristic of the thruster is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the working principle of the working medium-free annular hot wire cathode structure provided by the invention.
Description of the symbols:
1-bottom plate, 2-heat shield, 3-leading-out pole, 4-heat emission metal wire, 5-special-shaped bolt, 6-thruster structure, 7-leading-out gap, 8-hollowed-out hole, 9-outlet, 10-heating power supply, 11-thruster, 12-leading-out power supply and 13-anode power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode, which solves the problem of symmetrical interference of a traditional point electron source cathode to a plume.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a working medium-free annular hot wire cathode, which comprises: the heat radiation device comprises a heat emission metal wire 4, an extraction electrode 3, a bottom plate 1, a heat shield 2 and a thruster structure 6.
The extraction electrode 3 is arranged at the top of the bottom plate 1; the leading-out electrode 3 is connected with the positive electrode of a leading-out power supply 12; the thruster structure 6 is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate 1; the thruster structure 6 is connected with a thruster 11; the thruster 11 is connected to an anode power supply 13. A cavity is formed between the extraction electrode 3 and the bottom plate 1; the heat shield 2 and the heat emitting wire 4 are both arranged in the cavity; the heat shield 2 is disposed between the heat emitting wires 4 and the base plate 1; the heat emission metal wire 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate 1; the heat emitting wire 4 is a loop wire.
As an optional implementation manner, the working medium-free annular hot wire cathode further comprises a special-shaped bolt 5, and the special-shaped bolt 5 is arranged on the bottom plate 1; one end of the special-shaped bolt 5 is connected with the heat emission metal wire 4; the other end of the special-shaped bolt 5 is connected with a heating power supply 10; the special-shaped bolt 5 is used for fixing the heat emitting metal wire 4 on the bottom plate 1. The profiled screw 5 is provided with a structure, for example a through hole or a slit, for fixing the heat-emitting wire 4. The heat emitting wires 4 are fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate 1 by special-shaped bolts 5 and are placed in a ring shape.
As an alternative embodiment, a plurality of hollowed-out holes 8 are arranged on the heat shield 2; the hollow holes 8 are used for separating the adjacent special-shaped bolts 5. The heat shield 2 is arranged between the heat emitting metal wire 4 and the bottom plate 1, and a plurality of hollow holes 8 are distributed on the heat shield 2 to avoid mutual contact and short circuit with the special-shaped bolts 5.
As an alternative embodiment, an extraction gap 7 is arranged inside the extraction electrode 3; the leading-out gap 7 is arranged opposite to the heat emission metal wire 4; in particular the lead-out gap 7, is aligned radially with the heat-emitting wire 4. The extraction gap 7 is used for extracting electrons overflowing from the thermal emission metal wire 4. The extraction electrode 3 is an extraction electrode 3 with an annular structure.
As an alternative embodiment, the thruster 11 includes a hall thruster 11 and an ion thruster 11; when the thruster 11 is a hall thruster 11; the direction of the extraction gap 7 is the same as the direction of the magnetic force lines of the hall thruster 11.
As an alternative embodiment, the outlet 9 of the thruster structure 6 is arranged in the centre of the bottom plate 1.
As an alternative embodiment, the heat-emitting wire 4, the extraction electrode 3, the base plate 1 and the thruster structure 6 are arranged coaxially.
As an alternative embodiment, both the side wall of the heat shield 2 facing the heat emitting wire 4 and the side wall of the extraction electrode 3 facing the heat emitting wire 4 are smooth side walls. The surfaces of the heat shield 2 and the extraction electrode 3 facing the heat-emitting wire 4 should be smoothed.
As an alternative embodiment, the material of the bottom plate 1 is ceramic. The ceramic of the bottom plate 1 should be a ceramic material with a high melting point and a high strength, such as alumina.
As an alternative embodiment, the heat emitting wire 4 employs a low electron spill work and can be processed into a filament-like electron emitting material, such as a tungsten-rhenium wire, a thorium-tungsten wire, a pure tungsten wire, or the like.
The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode provided by the invention is coaxially arranged with the thruster 11 when being matched with the thruster structure 6. The heat shield 2, the extraction electrode 3 and the special-shaped bolt 5 are made of metal or alloy with higher melting point, such as 304 stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like. Each structure of the working medium-free annular hot wire cathode is made of non-magnetic conductive or weak magnetic conductive materials. And all structures of the working medium-free annular hot wire cathode are installed in a bolt connection and fixing mode.
As shown in fig. 6, the working medium-free annular hot filament cathode provided by the present invention is used to heat the filament-like low work function thermal electron emission material annularly disposed, and is matched with the extraction electrode 3 to extract electrons, so as to realize extraction of electron current symmetrically distributed with respect to the axial line of the thruster 11. The working principle is as follows:
the cathode integral structure is connected to the thruster structure 6 through a bolt and is coaxial with the thruster 11, so that the cathode integral structure is integrally connected with the spacecraft. Two ends of the annular heat emission metal wire 4 are connected with a heating power supply 10 through special-shaped bolts 5, the leading-out electrode 3 is connected with the positive electrode of a leading-out power supply 12, the thruster 11 is connected with the positive electrode of a thruster 11, namely an anode power supply 13, and the three power supplies are negative. The heat emitting wire 4 is arranged in the cavity formed by the extraction electrode 3 and the heat shield 2, and is not contacted with the extraction electrode and the heat shield. Wherein the heat emitting wire 4 is aligned with the extraction gap 7 of the extraction electrode 3.
When the cathode provided by the invention is in operation, after the heating power supply 10 is started, the current in the heating circuit is higher, and the heat emission metal wire 4 is heated. In the cavity formed by the heat shield 2 and the extraction electrode 3, the heat radiation is reflected by the smooth surface, keeping the heat mostly inside the cavity. When the heat emitting wire 4 is heated to a state higher than its electron overflow work state, heat emitting free electrons are generated around it. The extraction power supply 12 is started, and electrons are extracted from the extraction gap 7 under the action of the extraction electrode 3 to form extraction electron current. The extracted electron flow is captured by a thruster 11 which is coaxially arranged, enters a discharge chamber of the thruster 11 from an outlet 9 of the thruster 11 to initiate and maintain the discharge of the thruster 11, or enters a plume region to neutralize the plume of the thruster 11.
The cathode provided by the invention can be matched with thrusters 11 with different characteristics through different diameters, different lead-out gap orientations and the like. For example, when matching with a cylindrical hall thruster or a cusp field hall thruster, it should be noted that the orientation of the extraction gap 7 is consistent with the direction of the magnetic lines of force to improve the electron extraction rate, and when matching with an ion thruster, the orientation has less influence. During operation, the electron extraction capability of the cathode can be adjusted by adjusting the heating current and the extraction electrode potential. The specific implementation manner is subject to actual operation.
By adopting the design of the annular heat-emitting metal wire 4 and the annular extraction electrode 3, the electron current extraction which is symmetrically distributed relative to the axial line of the thruster 11 is realized, and the influence of the cathode on the thrust vector and the plume distribution asymmetry of the thruster 11 is avoided. By using the thermal emission metal wire 4, the uncertain influence of the plasma beam of the traditional gas working medium cathode on the discharge characteristic of the thruster 11 is avoided. Meanwhile, the cathode mounting position covers the outlet area of the thruster 11, so that a high-density plasma environment exists around the emitter, which is beneficial to leading out electrons of the emitter, and the leading-out effect of the cathode is improved by using a plasma sheath layer. The above working characteristics make it more suitable for low-power, high-precision electric propulsion systems.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A working medium-free annular hot wire cathode is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a heat emission metal wire, an extraction electrode, a bottom plate, a heat shield and a thruster structure;
the extraction pole is arranged at the top of the bottom plate; the leading-out electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the leading-out power supply; the thruster structure is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate; the thruster structure is connected with the thruster; a cavity is formed between the extraction electrode and the bottom plate; the heat shield and the heat emitting wire are both disposed within the cavity; the heat shield is disposed between the heat emitting wire and the base plate; the heat emission metal wire is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom plate; the heat emitting wire is a ring-shaped wire.
2. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 1, further comprising a special-shaped bolt, wherein the special-shaped bolt is arranged on the bottom plate; one end of the special-shaped bolt is connected with the heat emission metal wire; the other end of the special-shaped bolt is connected with a heating power supply; the special-shaped bolt is used for fixing the heat emission metal wire on the bottom plate.
3. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of hollowed-out holes are formed in the heat shield; the hollow holes are used for separating the adjacent special-shaped bolts.
4. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 1, wherein an extraction gap is arranged on the inner side of the extraction electrode; the lead-out gap is arranged opposite to the heat emission metal wire; the extraction gap is used for extracting electrons overflowing from the thermal emission metal wire.
5. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 4, wherein the thruster comprises a Hall thruster and an ion thruster; when the thruster is a Hall thruster; the direction of the extraction gap is the same as the direction of the magnetic force line of the Hall thruster.
6. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the thruster structure is arranged at the center of the bottom plate.
7. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 1, wherein the heat emitting metal wire, the extraction electrode, the bottom plate and the thruster structure are coaxially arranged.
8. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the heat shield facing the heat emitting wire and the side wall of the extraction electrode facing the heat emitting wire are both smooth side walls.
9. The working medium-free annular hot wire cathode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom plate is made of ceramic.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210384866.1A CN114718830B (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Working medium-free annular hot wire cathode |
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| CN202210384866.1A CN114718830B (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2022-04-13 | Working medium-free annular hot wire cathode |
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| CN114718830B CN114718830B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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| CN114718830B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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