CN111852803B - Mixed effect annular ion thruster based on segmented anode - Google Patents
Mixed effect annular ion thruster based on segmented anode Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852803B CN111852803B CN202010727391.2A CN202010727391A CN111852803B CN 111852803 B CN111852803 B CN 111852803B CN 202010727391 A CN202010727391 A CN 202010727391A CN 111852803 B CN111852803 B CN 111852803B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0037—Electrostatic ion thrusters
- F03H1/0062—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field
- F03H1/0075—Electrostatic ion thrusters grid-less with an applied magnetic field with an annular channel; Hall-effect thrusters with closed electron drift
Abstract
A mixed effect annular ion thruster based on a segmented anode firstly propels working media to enter a discharge chamber from an outer ring annular working medium distributor positioned at the upstream of a grid, and the working media gas is distributed at a speed in the direction of the outer anode wall, so that the density of the working media gas is lower at the downstream of a cathode. Radial electric fields are formed between the segmented anodes, and E multiplied by B crossed fields are formed in the downstream area of the cathode with the magnetic field passing through the axis of the cathode. Then, the bias cathode releases high-energy electrons, the high-energy electrons are restrained under the magnetic mirror effect of the permanent magnet, circumferential Hall drift is carried out under the Hall effect of the E multiplied by B cross field, and meanwhile, the propulsion working medium is ionized to form plasma. Subsequently, the plasma is extracted and accelerated by the ring grid. Finally, the electrons emitted by the neutralizer are neutralized to form a plume, and thrust is generated. The invention couples various effects based on the segmented anode design, can improve the circumferential uniformity of high-energy electrons and plasma emitted by the offset cathode, improves the working condition of the grid, and prolongs the service life of the grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric propulsion, and particularly relates to a mixed effect annular ion thruster based on a segmented anode.
Background
In the early 2020, the moon exploration plan of China ' Chang ' e engineering three phases ' is smoothly completed, a deep space exploration network is initially established, and a protocol is provided for the Mars exploration plan. The first difficulty in carrying out the Mars detection task is the carrying problem of the detector, and the flying speed of the detector needs to exceed the second universe speed to get rid of the gravity of the earth and enter a Mars orbit. At the same time, the detector experiences extremely long flight times, during which it is also subject to various forces, heat and radiation. Therefore, the development of the spark detection task puts higher requirements on the performances of the thrust, power, specific impulse, efficiency, service life and the like of the detector thruster. The development of the electric thruster with higher thrust and higher power plays a vital role in future aerospace missions in China.
The annular ion thruster is just a novel electric thruster for the future high-power and even ultra-high-power propulsion requirements. The annular ion thruster breaks through the size and input power limitation of a typical ion thruster by changing the structure of the discharge chamber, can greatly improve the performances of the ion thruster such as thrust and the like, and has many other potential advantages. At the same time, however, the discharge cathode is biased, which causes problems such as difficulty in discharge and unevenness in the circumferential direction of particle distribution. This problem greatly limits the further development and application of the ring type ion thruster.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the discharge performance of the existing annular ion thruster, improve the particle distribution uniformity in a discharge chamber of the existing annular ion thruster and improve the ionization rate and the plasma density, the invention provides a novel annular ion thruster coupling various effects based on a segmented anode thought.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the annular ion thruster comprises a segmented anode, an annular grid, an annular permanent magnet group, an outer ring annular working medium distributor, a bias discharge cathode and a neutralizer.
The segmented anode comprises a segmented upper outer ring anode 101, a segmented bottom surface anode 102, a segmented upper inner ring anode 103, a segmented lower outer ring anode 104, a segmented lower inner ring anode 105, an insulator a101, an insulator a102, an insulator a103, an insulator a104, an insulator a105 and an insulator a 106; the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 is of a thin-walled cylindrical structure, the upper end face of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 is provided with an insulator a101 with a thick-walled cylindrical structure, and the lower end face of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 is provided with an insulator a102 with a thick-walled cylindrical structure; the segmented bottom surface anode 102 is of a thin-wall circular plate-shaped structure, an insulator a103 with a thick-wall cylindrical structure is arranged on the outer circular edge of the segmented bottom surface anode 102, and an insulator a104 with a thick-wall cylindrical structure is arranged on the inner circular edge; the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end face of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 is provided with an insulator a105 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the lower end face of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 is provided with an insulator a106 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure; the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end face of the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 is provided with an insulator a102 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the lower end face of the segmented lower outer ring anode is provided with an insulator a103 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure; the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end face of the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 is provided with an insulator a106 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the lower end face of the segmented lower inner ring anode is provided with an insulator a104 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure; the insulator a101 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator a101 is arranged at the upstream end part of the segmented outer ring anode 101; the insulator a102 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator b102 is arranged at the downstream end part of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 and the upstream end part of the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and is connected with the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 and the segmented lower outer ring anode 104; the insulator a103 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator a103 is arranged on the outer circular edge of the segmented bottom anode 102 and the downstream end part of the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and is connected with the segmented bottom anode 102 and the segmented lower outer ring anode 104; the insulator a104 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator b104 is arranged on the inner circular edge of the segmented bottom anode 102 and the downstream end part of the segmented lower inner ring anode and is connected with the segmented bottom anode 102 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105; the insulator a105 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator a105 is arranged at the upstream end part of the segmented inner ring anode 103; the insulator a106 is a thick-wall cylindrical structure, and the insulator b106 is arranged at the downstream end part of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 and the upstream end part of the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 and is connected with the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105; the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104, the segmented lower inner ring anode 105, the insulator a101, the insulator a102, the insulator a103, the insulator a104, the insulator a105 and the insulator a106 are axially overlapped and mutually insulated.
The ring-shaped grid 2 comprises an accelerating grid 201, a screen grid 202, an insulator b201, an insulator b202, an insulator b203 and an insulator b 204; the insulator b201 is thick-walled cylindrical, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the insulator b201 are the same as those of the insulator a101, and the insulator b201 is coaxial with the insulator a 101; the insulator b202 is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the insulator b202 are the same as those of the insulator a105, and the insulator b202 is coaxial with the insulator a 105; the insulator b203 is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the insulator b203 are the same as those of the insulator b202, and the insulator b203 and the insulator b202 are coaxial; the insulator b204 is in a circular plate shape, the outer diameter of the insulator b204 is the same as the inner diameter of the insulator b203, and the insulator b204 is installed inside the insulator b203 and is coaxial with the insulator b 203; the accelerating grid 201 is of an annular plate structure, and the inner and outer diameter sizes of the accelerating grid 201 are the same as those of the screen grid 202; the screen grid 202 is of an annular plate structure, a plurality of circular through holes with the same diameter are distributed on the screen grid 202, the inner diameter of the screen grid 202 is the same as that of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the outer diameter of the screen grid 202 is the same as that of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the screen grid 202 is installed on the upstream end surfaces of the insulator a101 and the insulator a105 and the downstream end surfaces of the insulator b201 and the insulator b202, and the screen grid 202 and the insulator b201 are coaxial; a plurality of circular through holes with the same diameter are formed in the accelerating grid 201, the positions of the through holes are the same as those of the screen grid 202, and the diameter of the through hole in the accelerating grid 201 is smaller than that of the screen grid 202; the accelerating grid 201 is arranged on the upstream end surfaces of the insulators b201 and b202 and the downstream end surface of the insulator b203, and the accelerating grid 201 is coaxial with the screen grid 202; the axes of the through holes corresponding to the screen grid 202 and the accelerating grid 201 are overlapped after installation.
The annular permanent magnet group comprises an annular permanent magnet 401, an annular permanent magnet 402, an annular permanent magnet 403, an annular permanent magnet 404 and an annular permanent magnet 405; the ring-shaped permanent magnet 401, the ring-shaped permanent magnet 402, the ring-shaped permanent magnet 403, the ring-shaped permanent magnet 404 and the ring-shaped permanent magnet 405; the inner surfaces of the annular permanent magnet 401 and the annular permanent magnet 403 are in N levels; the upper surface of the annular permanent magnet 405 is N-level; the inner surfaces of the annular permanent magnet 402 and the annular permanent magnet 404 are S-level; the annular permanent magnet 401 and the annular permanent magnet 402 are arranged on the outer surface of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the annular permanent magnet 401 is positioned at the upstream, and the annular permanent magnet 402 is positioned at the downstream; the annular permanent magnet 403 is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented inner ring anode 103 at a position corresponding to the annular permanent magnet 401; the annular permanent magnet 404 is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented inner ring anode 103 at a position corresponding to the annular permanent magnet 402; the annular permanent magnet 401, the annular permanent magnet 402, the annular permanent magnet 403 and the annular permanent magnet 404 are radially punched annular permanent magnets, and the annular permanent magnet 405 is an axially magnetized permanent magnet; the annular permanent magnet 405 is mounted on the downstream end face of the segmented bottom anode 102.
The outer ring annular working medium distributor comprises a thin circular pipe 501 and an air inlet 502; the thin circular tube 501 is annularly arranged on the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 and is positioned at the downstream of the screen grid 202; the air inlet holes 502 are positioned in the thin circular tube 501, and are spaced by 10 degrees and uniformly distributed in the thin circular tube 501; the propelling working medium can emit working medium gas from the air inlet hole 502 to the interior of the annular ion thruster.
The offset discharge cathode 301 is cylindrically installed on the segmented bottom anode 102 and located between the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105, and is insulated from the segmented bottom anode 102, and the offset discharge cathode 301 can emit electrons to the inside of the ring-shaped ion thruster.
The neutralizer 302 is cylindrically installed on the insulator d204, and the neutralizer 302 can emit electrons to the outside of the ring type ion thruster.
Further, the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are connected with a power supply anode, and the biased discharge cathode 301 and the screen grid 202 are connected with a power supply cathode; the potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 can be independently adjusted, and the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are not equal to generate a radial electric field; the potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 can be independently adjusted, and the potentials of the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are larger than the potentials of the offset discharge cathode 301 and the screen grid 202; the potentials of the bias discharge cathode 301 and the screen gate 202 are equal.
Further, the accelerating grid 201 and the neutralizer 302 are connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the potentials of the accelerating grid 201 and the neutralizer 302 are the same.
Further, the emitter of the neutralizer 302 is made of lanthanum hexaboride, and the shell is made of molybdenum.
Further, the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are made of a metal material.
Further, the insulator a101, the insulator a102, the insulator a103, the insulator a104, the insulator a105, the insulator a106, the insulator b201, the insulator b202, the insulator b203, and the insulator b204 are made of an insulating material.
The working principle of the mixed effect annular ion thruster based on the segmented anode is as follows:
first, neutral propellant gas enters the inside of the discharge chamber formed by the segmented anode and the annular grid from the gas inlet 502, and background gas with the density reduced from top to bottom is formed inside the discharge chamber to weaken the influence of the neutral propellant gas near the cathode on the circumferential drifting of atoms. Under the current limiting effect of the screen grid 202, only a small amount of neutral propellant can flow out of the discharge chamber.
Secondly, a radial electric field is formed between the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105, a magnetic field with an axial component parallel to the axis of the offset discharge cathode 301 as a main component is formed by the annular permanent magnet 402, the annular permanent magnet 404 and the annular permanent magnet 405, an E multiplied by B cross field is formed in the downstream area of the offset discharge cathode 301 by the radial electric field, and meanwhile, a pointed magnetic topological structure is formed by the annular permanent magnet 401, the annular permanent magnet 402, the annular permanent magnet 403, the annular permanent magnet 404 and the annular permanent magnet 405.
Again, the biased discharge cathode 301 emits energetic electrons into the interior of the discharge chamber. High-energy electrons firstly undergo Hall drift in the circumferential direction in an E multiplied by B cross field in the downstream area of the bias discharge cathode 301, when the electrons are diffused out of the E multiplied by B cross field area and are restrained by a magnetic mirror effect in a ring cusp magnetic topological structure, so that the drift motion of the electrons is limited to a weak magnetic field area (an area with the magnetic field intensity less than 50-60 Gauss) in a discharge chamber in a non-E multiplied by B cross field area. Because the electrons have extremely high energy, the neutral propulsion working medium gas in the discharge chamber can be ionized to generate plasma. The secondary electrons generated by ionization can be accelerated or excited by the electric field in the E multiplied by B cross field, so that the neutral propulsion working medium can be ionized continuously. Under the mutual coupling action of the Hall effect and the magnetic mirror effect of the E multiplied by B cross field, the probability of collision of electrons and neutral atoms can be greatly enhanced. Since the larmor radius of an ion is much larger than that of an electron, the motion of the ion within the discharge chamber is driven primarily by the electric field.
Subsequently, since the voltage of the screen 202 is much smaller than the voltages of the outer ring anode 101 on the segment and the inner ring anode 103 on the segment, electrons flowing to the screen 202 in the discharge chamber will be bounced back into the discharge chamber by the negative voltage of the screen. The ions in the discharge chamber are attracted by the negative potential of the screen 202 and gradually flow toward the screen. Then, ions flowing to the screen grid are focused and extracted by the screen grid 202, and are accelerated and ejected under the action of a high potential difference between the screen grid 202 and the acceleration grid 201, so that a beam is formed and thrust is generated. Since the screen grid 202 and the accelerating grid 201 can focus ions, the loss of ions on the grid is low. At the same time, since the accelerating grid 201 is at the same potential as the neutralizer 302, the loss of ions on the neutralizer 302 is also low. Thus, most of the ions can be ejected from the grid and generate thrust, while the electrons in the discharge chamber are lost mainly at the anode.
Finally, the ions accelerated by the grid system are neutralized by the electrons ejected by the neutralizer 302 to form a plume.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the advantages of the existing annular ion thruster are inherited, the annular ion thruster comprises a neutralizer and a thruster which are integrated, and the integral structure is simple and saves space; the ionization area is increased by the double anodes, so that the input power of the discharge chamber can be further improved; the annular structure solves the problem of overlarge gate span and can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the gate. On the basis, the invention also has more remarkable advantages: the first one enters a discharging process and couples a Hall effect and a magnetic mirror effect, so that the movement of electrons in the circumferential direction can be promoted, the electrons can be effectively restrained, the discharging process and the particle distribution in a discharging chamber are more uniform, and the service life of a grid can be prolonged; secondly, as the Hall effect is adopted for discharging, the discharging process of the thruster is more efficient and stable; thirdly, due to the coupling of the magnetic mirror effect and the Hall effect, the ionization rate can be further improved, and the plasma density in the thruster can be increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a half-sectional view of a hybrid effect ring type ion thruster based on a segmented anode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mixed-effect toroidal ion thruster based on a segmented anode according to the present invention;
in the figure: 101 segmented upper outer ring anodes; 102 segmented bottom surface anodes; 103 segmented upper inner ring anode; 104 segmented lower outer ring anode; 105 segmented lower inner ring anodes; a101 a first insulator; a102 a second insulator; a103 a third insulator; a104 a fourth insulator; a105 a fifth insulator; a106 a sixth insulator; 201 an accelerating grid; 202 screen grid electrodes; b201 a seventh insulator; b202 an eighth insulator; b203 a ninth insulator; b204 an insulator; 401 a first annular permanent magnet; 402 a second annular permanent magnet; 403 a third annular permanent magnet; 404 a fourth ring-shaped permanent magnet; 405 a fifth ring-shaped permanent magnet; 501 thin circular tube; 502 intake holes; 1 magnetic field line topological structure schematic; 2 electric field lines topology.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention by referring to the description, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The ring-shaped ion thruster based on the mixed effect of the segmented anode as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 comprises a segmented anode, a ring-shaped grid, a ring-shaped permanent magnet group, an outer ring-shaped working medium distributor, a bias discharge cathode 301 and a neutralizer;
the segmented anode comprises a segmented upper outer ring anode 101, a segmented bottom surface anode 102, a segmented upper inner ring anode 103, a segmented lower outer ring anode 104, a segmented lower inner ring anode 105, a first insulator a101, a second insulator a102, a third insulator a103, a fourth insulator a104, a fifth insulator a105 and a sixth insulator a 106; the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, and a first insulator a101 and a second insulator a102 of thick-wall cylindrical structures are respectively arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the segmented upper outer ring anode; the segmented bottom anode 102 is of a thin-wall circular plate-shaped structure, and a third insulator a103 and a fourth insulator a104 which are thick-wall cylindrical structures are respectively arranged on the outer circular edge and the inner circular edge of the segmented bottom anode; the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, and a fifth insulator a105 and a sixth insulator a106 of a thick-wall cylindrical structure are respectively mounted on the upper end face and the lower end face of the segmented upper inner ring anode; the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end surface of the segmented lower outer ring anode is provided with a second insulator a102 shared with the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, and the lower end surface of the segmented lower outer ring anode is provided with a third insulator a103 shared with the segmented bottom surface anode 102; the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end surface of the segmented lower inner ring anode is provided with a sixth insulator a106 shared with the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, and the lower end surface of the segmented lower inner ring anode is provided with a fourth insulator a104 shared with the segmented bottom surface anode 102; the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104, the segmented lower inner ring anode 105, the first insulator a101, the second insulator a102, the third insulator a103, the fourth insulator a104, the fifth insulator a105 and the sixth insulator a106 are axially overlapped and are insulated from each other;
the ring-shaped grid 2 comprises an accelerating grid 201, a screen grid 202, a seventh insulator b201, an eighth insulator b202, a ninth insulator b203 and a tenth insulator b 204; the seventh insulator b201 is a thick-walled cylinder, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the seventh insulator b are the same as those of the first insulator a101 and are coaxial; the eighth insulator b202 is a thick-walled cylinder, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the eighth insulator b are the same as and coaxial with the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fifth insulator a 105; the ninth insulator b203 is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the ninth insulator b are the same as and coaxial with those of the eighth insulator b 202; the tenth insulator b204 is in a shape of a circular plate, has the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the ninth insulator b203, is arranged inside the ninth insulator b203, and is coaxial with the ninth insulator b 203; the accelerating grid 201 and the screen grid 202 are of annular plate structures, the structures and the sizes of the accelerating grid 201 and the screen grid 202 are the same and coaxial, and the axes of the through holes corresponding to the screen grid 202 and the accelerating grid 201 are overlapped; a plurality of circular through holes with the same diameter are distributed on the accelerating grid 201 and the screen grid 202, the diameter of the circular through hole on the accelerating grid 201 is smaller than that of the circular through hole on the screen grid 202, and the positions correspond to one another; the inner diameter of the screen grid 202 is the same as the inner diameter of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the outer diameter of the screen grid 202 is the same as the outer diameter of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the outer edge of the screen grid 202 is clamped between the first insulator a101 and the seventh insulator b201, and the inner edge of the screen grid 202 is clamped between the fifth insulator a105 and the eighth insulator b 202; the inner edge of the accelerating grid 201 is clamped between an eighth insulator b202 and a ninth insulator b203, and the outer edge of the accelerating grid 201 is arranged on the seventh insulator b 201;
the annular permanent magnet group comprises a first annular permanent magnet 401, a second annular permanent magnet 402, a third annular permanent magnet 403, a fourth annular permanent magnet 404 and a fifth annular permanent magnet 405; the first annular permanent magnet 401 and the second annular permanent magnet 402 are arranged on the outer surface of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the first annular permanent magnet 401 is positioned at the upstream, and the second annular permanent magnet 402 is positioned at the downstream; the third annular permanent magnet 403 is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 at a position corresponding to the first annular permanent magnet 401; the fourth annular permanent magnet 404 is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented upper inner ring anode 103 at a position corresponding to the second annular permanent magnet 402; the fifth annular permanent magnet 405 is arranged on the downstream end surface of the segmented bottom anode 102; the first annular permanent magnet 401, the second annular permanent magnet 402, the third annular permanent magnet 403 and the fourth annular permanent magnet 404 are radially magnetized annular permanent magnets, and the fifth annular permanent magnet 405 is an axially magnetized permanent magnet;
the outer ring annular working medium distributor comprises a thin circular pipe 501 and an air inlet 502; the thin circular tube 501 is annular and is arranged on the segmented upper outer ring anode 101 and is positioned at the downstream of the screen grid 202; the air inlet holes 502 are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the thin circular tube 501, and the air inlet holes are separated by 10 degrees; propelling the working medium to emit working medium gas from the air inlet hole 502 to the interior of the annular ion thruster;
the bias discharge cathode 301 is a cylinder, is mounted on the segmented bottom anode 102 and is insulated from the segmented bottom anode 102, and the bias discharge cathode 301 is used for emitting electrons to the inside of the annular ion thruster;
the neutralizer 302 is a cylinder, which is mounted on the insulator d204, and the neutralizer 302 is used for emitting electrons to the outside of the ring type ion thruster.
The segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are connected with the positive electrode of a power supply, and the biased discharge cathode 301 and the screen grid 202 are connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are independently adjusted, and the potentials of the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are not equal to generate a radial electric field; the potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are greater than the potentials of the offset discharge cathode 301 and the screen grid 202; the potentials of the bias discharge cathode 301 and the screen grid 202 are equal; the accelerating grid 201 and the neutralizer 302 are connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the potentials of the accelerating grid 201 and the neutralizer 302 are the same.
The inner surfaces of the first annular permanent magnet 401 and the third annular permanent magnet 403 are in N levels; the upper surface of the fifth annular permanent magnet 405 is N-level; the inner surfaces of the second annular permanent magnet 402 and the fourth annular permanent magnet 404 are in S-level.
The emitter of the neutralizer 302 is made of lanthanum hexaboride, and the shell is made of molybdenum;
the segmented upper outer ring anode 101, the segmented bottom surface anode 102, the segmented upper inner ring anode 103, the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105 are made of metal materials.
The first insulator a101, the second insulator a102, the third insulator a103, the fourth insulator a104, the fifth insulator a105, the sixth insulator a106, the seventh insulator b201, the eighth insulator b202, the ninth insulator b203 and the tenth insulator b204 are made of insulating materials.
The working principle of the mixed effect annular ion thruster based on the segmented anode is as follows:
first, neutral propellant gas enters the inside of the discharge chamber formed by the segmented anode and the annular grid from the gas inlet 502, and background gas with the density reduced from top to bottom is formed inside the discharge chamber to weaken the influence of the neutral propellant gas near the cathode on the circumferential drifting of atoms. Under the current limiting effect of the screen grid 202, only a small amount of neutral propellant can flow out of the discharge chamber.
Next, as shown in fig. 2, a radial electric field 1 is formed between the segmented lower outer ring anode 104 and the segmented lower inner ring anode 105, a magnetic field with an axial component parallel to the axis of the offset discharge cathode 301 as a main component is formed by the annular permanent magnet 402, the annular permanent magnet 404 and the annular permanent magnet 405, and an E × B cross field is formed in the downstream region of the offset discharge cathode 301 with the radial electric field, and meanwhile, the annular permanent magnet 401, the annular permanent magnet 402, the annular permanent magnet 403, the annular permanent magnet 404 and the annular permanent magnet 405 form a cusp-shaped magnetic topology 2.
Again, the biased discharge cathode 301 emits energetic electrons into the interior of the discharge chamber. High-energy electrons firstly undergo Hall drift in the circumferential direction in an E multiplied by B cross field in the downstream area of the bias discharge cathode 301, when the electrons are diffused out of the E multiplied by B cross field area and are restrained by a magnetic mirror effect in a ring cusp magnetic topological structure, so that the drift motion of the electrons is limited to a weak magnetic field area (an area with the magnetic field intensity less than 50-60 Gauss) in a discharge chamber in a non-E multiplied by B cross field area. Because the electrons have extremely high energy, the neutral propulsion working medium gas in the discharge chamber can be ionized to generate plasma. The secondary electrons generated by ionization can be accelerated or excited by the electric field in the E multiplied by B cross field, so that the neutral propulsion working medium can be ionized continuously. Under the mutual coupling action of the Hall effect and the magnetic mirror effect of the E multiplied by B cross field, the probability of collision of electrons and neutral atoms can be greatly enhanced. Since the larmor radius of an ion is much larger than that of an electron, the motion of the ion within the discharge chamber is driven primarily by the electric field.
Subsequently, since the voltage of the screen 202 is much smaller than the voltages of the outer ring anode 101 on the segment and the inner ring anode 103 on the segment, electrons flowing to the screen 202 in the discharge chamber will be bounced back into the discharge chamber by the negative voltage of the screen. The ions in the discharge chamber are attracted by the negative potential of the screen 202 and gradually flow toward the screen. Then, ions flowing to the screen grid are focused and extracted by the screen grid 202, and are accelerated and ejected under the action of a high potential difference between the screen grid 202 and the acceleration grid 201, so that a beam is formed and thrust is generated. Since the screen grid 202 and the accelerating grid 201 can focus ions, the loss of ions on the grid is low. At the same time, since the accelerating grid 201 is at the same potential as the neutralizer 302, the loss of ions on the neutralizer 302 is also low. Thus, most of the ions can be ejected from the grid and generate thrust, while the electrons in the discharge chamber are lost mainly at the anode.
Finally, the ions accelerated by the grid system are neutralized by the electrons ejected by the neutralizer 302 to form a plume.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The mixed effect annular ion thruster based on the segmented anode is characterized by comprising a segmented anode, an annular grid, an annular permanent magnet group, an outer ring annular working medium distributor, a bias discharge cathode (301) and a neutralizer, wherein the segmented anode is arranged between the annular grid and the annular permanent magnet group;
the segmented anode comprises a segmented upper outer ring anode (101), a segmented bottom surface anode (102), a segmented upper inner ring anode (103), a segmented lower outer ring anode (104), a segmented lower inner ring anode (105), a first insulator (a101), a second insulator (a102), a third insulator (a103), a fourth insulator (a104), a fifth insulator (a105) and a sixth insulator (a 106); the segmented upper outer ring anode (101) is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, and a first insulator (a101) and a second insulator (a102) of a thick-wall cylindrical structure are respectively mounted on the upper end face and the lower end face of the segmented upper outer ring anode; the segmented bottom surface anode (102) is of a thin-wall circular plate-shaped structure, and a third insulator (a103) and a fourth insulator (a104) which are thick-wall cylindrical structures are respectively arranged on the outer circular edge and the inner circular edge of the segmented bottom surface anode; the segmented upper inner ring anode (103) is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, and a fifth insulator (a105) and a sixth insulator (a106) of a thick-wall cylindrical structure are respectively mounted on the upper end face and the lower end face of the segmented upper inner ring anode; the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the upper end face of the segmented lower outer ring anode is provided with a second insulator (a102) shared with the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), and the lower end face of the segmented lower outer ring anode is provided with a third insulator (a103) shared with the segmented bottom surface anode (102); the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, a sixth insulator (a106) shared with the segmented upper inner ring anode (103) is arranged on the upper end face of the segmented lower inner ring anode, and a fourth insulator (a104) shared with the segmented bottom surface anode (102) is arranged on the lower end face of the segmented lower inner ring anode; the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the segmented bottom surface anode (102), the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the segmented lower outer ring anode (104), the segmented lower inner ring anode (105), the first insulator (a101), the second insulator (a102), the third insulator (a103), the fourth insulator (a104), the fifth insulator (a105) and the sixth insulator (a106) are axially superposed and are insulated from each other;
the annular grid comprises an accelerating grid (201), a screen grid (202), a seventh insulator (b201), an eighth insulator (b202), a ninth insulator (b203) and a tenth insulator (b 204); the seventh insulator (b201) is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the seventh insulator are the same as those of the first insulator (a101) and are coaxial; the eighth insulator (b202) is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the eighth insulator (b202) are the same as those of the fifth insulator (a105) and are coaxial; the ninth insulator (b203) is in a thick-wall cylindrical shape, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the ninth insulator are the same as and coaxial with those of the eighth insulator (b 202); the tenth insulator (b204) is in a shape of a circular plate, the outer diameter of the tenth insulator is the same as the inner diameter of the ninth insulator (b203), and the tenth insulator is arranged inside the ninth insulator (b203) and is coaxial with the ninth insulator (b 203); the accelerating grid (201) and the screen grid (202) are of annular plate structures, the accelerating grid (201) and the screen grid (202) are identical in structure and size and coaxial, and the axes of the through holes corresponding to the screen grid (202) and the accelerating grid (201) are overlapped; a plurality of circular through holes with the same diameter are distributed on the accelerating grid (201) and the screen grid (202), the diameter of the circular through hole on the accelerating grid (201) is smaller than that of the circular through hole on the screen grid (202), and the positions of the circular through holes are in one-to-one correspondence; the inner diameter of the screen grid (202) is the same as that of the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the outer diameter of the screen grid (202) is the same as that of the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the outer edge of the screen grid (202) is clamped between the first insulator (a101) and the seventh insulator (b201), and the inner edge of the screen grid (202) is clamped between the fifth insulator (a105) and the eighth insulator (b 202); the inner edge of the accelerating grid (201) is clamped between an eighth insulator (b202) and a ninth insulator (b203), and the outer edge of the accelerating grid (201) is arranged on the seventh insulator (b 201);
the annular permanent magnet group comprises a first annular permanent magnet (401), a second annular permanent magnet (402), a third annular permanent magnet (403), a fourth annular permanent magnet (404) and a fifth annular permanent magnet (405); the first annular permanent magnet (401) and the second annular permanent magnet (402) are arranged on the outer surface of the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the first annular permanent magnet (401) is positioned at the upstream, and the second annular permanent magnet (402) is positioned at the downstream; the third annular permanent magnet (403) is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented inner ring anode (103) at a position corresponding to the first annular permanent magnet (401); the fourth annular permanent magnet (404) is arranged on the inner surface of the segmented inner ring anode (103) at a position corresponding to the second annular permanent magnet (402); the fifth annular permanent magnet (405) is arranged on the downstream end surface of the segmented bottom surface anode (102); the first annular permanent magnet (401), the second annular permanent magnet (402), the third annular permanent magnet (403) and the fourth annular permanent magnet (404) are radially magnetized annular permanent magnets, and the fifth annular permanent magnet (405) is an axially magnetized permanent magnet;
the outer ring annular working medium distributor comprises a thin circular pipe (501) and an air inlet hole (502); the thin circular tube (501) is annular and is arranged on the segmented upper outer ring anode (101) and positioned at the downstream of the screen grid (202); the air inlets (502) are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the thin circular tube (501), and the air inlets are spaced by 10 degrees; propelling the working medium to emit working medium gas from the air inlet hole (502) to the interior of the annular ion thruster;
the bias discharge cathode (301) is a cylinder, is arranged on the anode (102) at the bottom of the segment and is insulated from the anode (102) at the bottom of the segment, and the bias discharge cathode (301) is used for emitting electrons to the inside of the annular ion thruster;
the neutralizer (302) is a cylinder and is arranged on the tenth insulator (b204), and the neutralizer (302) is used for emitting electrons to the outside of the ring-shaped ion thruster;
the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the segmented bottom surface anode (102), the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) and the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) are connected with the positive electrode of a power supply, and the biased discharge cathode (301) and the screen grid (202) are connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the electric potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the segmented bottom surface anode (102), the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) and the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) are independently adjusted, and the electric potentials of the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) and the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) are not equal to generate a radial electric field; the potentials of the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the segmented bottom surface anode (102), the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) and the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) are larger than the potentials of the bias discharge cathode (301) and the screen grid (202); the potentials of the bias discharge cathode (301) and the screen grid (202) are equal; the accelerating grid (201) and the neutralizer (302) are connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the potentials of the accelerating grid and the neutralizer are the same;
the inner surfaces of the first annular permanent magnet (401) and the third annular permanent magnet (403) are in N levels; the upper surface of the fifth annular permanent magnet (405) is N-level; the inner surfaces of the second annular permanent magnet (402) and the fourth annular permanent magnet (404) are S-level.
2. The segmented anode based mixed effect ring type ion thruster of claim 1,
the emitter of the neutralizer (302) is made of lanthanum hexaboride, and the shell is made of molybdenum;
the segmented upper outer ring anode (101), the segmented bottom surface anode (102), the segmented upper inner ring anode (103), the segmented lower outer ring anode (104) and the segmented lower inner ring anode (105) are made of metal materials;
the first insulator (a101), the second insulator (a102), the third insulator (a103), the fourth insulator (a104), the fifth insulator (a105), the sixth insulator (a106), the seventh insulator (b201), the eighth insulator (b202), the ninth insulator (b203) and the tenth insulator (b204) are made of insulating materials.
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| CN112555113B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-06-14 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Integrated insulation structure of grid component of ion thruster |
| CN112412721B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-08-31 | 北京航空航天大学 | Closable grid system with diaphragm valve |
| CN113993261B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-21 | 西安交通大学 | Magnetic enhanced plasma bridge electron source |
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