CN114717486B - Ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and a warm rolling preparation method thereof, wherein the stainless steel comprises the following components: the alloy comprises, by mass, co=2.0-5.0, ni=7.0-9.0, cr=11.0-13.0, ti=0.2-1.5, mo=4.0-6.0, mn=0.05-1.5, si=0.05-0.5, C is less than or equal to 0.02, P is less than or equal to 0.003, S is less than or equal to 0.003, and the balance Fe. The stainless steel with excellent performance is successfully obtained by regulating and controlling the distribution, the size and the volume fraction of the nano-scale precipitated phase in the matrix and the reverse transformation austenite, the tensile strength of the stainless steel is up to 2.1GPa, the elongation percentage is up to 13 percent, and the pitting potential is up to 0.18V under the conditions that C is less than or equal to 0.02 percent and Co is not more than 5 percent SCE The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method can be used for key structures such as ships, ocean engineering, aerospace engineering and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and a warm rolling preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of martensitic stainless steel.
Background
Martensitic precipitation-strengthening stainless steel is a new steel clock developed in the 60 s of the 20 th century. The steel has the strength of maraging reinforced steel and the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Because of its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, it is often used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, navigation and other critical high-end equipment.
The main reason that the martensitic precipitation-strengthening stainless steel can realize ultra-high strength is that martensitic transformation strengthening is overlapped with ageing precipitation strengthening; the main reason for the corrosion resistance is that the addition of Cr and Mo forms a passivation film on the surface, thereby making it corrosion resistant. Table 1 shows the commercial high strength stainless steel compositions and properties of the commercial high strength stainless steel compositions. It can be seen that the current high-strength stainless steel has the following problems: firstly, when the strength is higher, the plasticity and toughness are poorer; secondly, when the mechanical property is excellent, the corrosion resistance is poor; it is difficult to unify the strength, toughness and corrosion resistance together to obtain excellent overall properties. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, the toughness is improved so as to meet the higher requirements of engineering application on the comprehensive performance of the stainless steel, and the stainless steel is a research hot spot and a difficult point in the field of stainless steel, so that the development of novel ultra-high strength maraging stainless steel with independent intellectual property is urgent.
TABLE 1 commercial high strength stainless steel compositions available on the market and their properties
The high Co content makes the mechanical performance of the high strength stainless steel excellent. When the Co content is low or 0, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the Co are low. Co is added into high-strength stainless steel as a double-edged sword, and can reduce the solubility of Ti and Mo in a martensitic matrix to form a precipitate phase containing Mo or Ti, so that the strength is improved. Meanwhile, co can also prevent dislocation recovery, reduce the size of a precipitated phase and stabilize a martensitic matrix, can generate higher secondary hardening, and is a guarantee for better mechanical properties such as strength and the like. Therefore, to obtain excellent mechanical properties, it is inevitable to add a large amount of Co element. However, co addition to martensitic stainless steel promotes the amplitude-modulated decomposition of Cr, and the higher the Co content, the greater the degree of amplitude-modulated decomposition of Cr, which reduces the pitting corrosion resistance of the matrix. Therefore, co is added in an appropriate amount.
Aiming at the characteristic of difficult cold deformation of the ultra-high strength stainless steel hot rolled plate, the preparation process adopts a warm rolling process, the deformation resistance of the material is small, the load of a rolling mill is reduced, the abrasion of the roller is reduced, the subgrain is further crushed and refined in the rolling process, and more positions are provided for nucleation of a precipitated phase; the innovation of the invention is that the refined martensite lath and the effective grain size are controlled through the alloy composition, the double-vacuum melting process and the thermo-mechanical treatment process, the nano-phase precipitation kinetics and the reverse transformation austenite nucleation and growth kinetics are improved, and the size, the distribution and the volume fraction of nano-phase precipitation in a martensite matrix and reverse transformation austenite are controlled; the nano phase and dislocation function controls the strengthening and reverse transformation austenite toughening, so as to improve the mechanical property. Meanwhile, on one hand, carbon reinforcement is replaced by nano-phase reinforcement, so that the carbon content is greatly reduced, and on the other hand, the pitting corrosion resistance equivalent of the alloy is improved by component optimization. The extremely low carbon content and high pitting equivalent design ensures excellent corrosion resistance of the stainless steel of the present invention. Therefore, compared with the existing stainless steel, the stainless steel has higher improvement on mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
The invention patent application of publication No. CN 102031459A discloses a W-containing high-strength high-toughness secondary hardening stainless steel, wherein the stainless steel comprises (in mass percent,%) C=0.10-0.20%, cr=11.0-13.0%, ni=2.0-3.5%, mo=3.5-5.5%, co=12-15%, W=0.8-3.0%, V=0.1-0.6%, nb=0.01-0.06%, si is less than or equal to 0.2%, mn is less than or equal to 0.01%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, O is less than or equal to 30PPm, N is less than or equal to 30PPm, and the balance is Fe; the yield strength is 1300-1600 MPa, the tensile strength is 1920-2030 MPa, and the plasticity is 10-13.5%. Us patent 7160399 invents ultra-high strength corrosion resistant steel; the nominal composition of the alloy named Ferium S53 is: 14.0Co, 10.0Cr, 5.5Ni, 2.0Mo, 1.0W, 0.30V, 0.21C, the balance being Fe; the room temperature ultimate tensile strength of the Ferris S53 alloy is about 1980MPa, and the room temperature 0.2% yield stress is about 1560MPa. The invention patent application of publication No. CN 110358983A discloses a precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the stainless steel comprises the specific chemical components (expressed by mass percent,%) of C=0.14-0.20%, cr=13.0-16.0%, ni=0.5-2.0%, co=12.0-15.0%, mo=4.5-5.5%, V=0.4-0.6%, si is less than or equal to 0.1%, mn is less than or equal to 0.5%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, N is less than or equal to 0.10%, and the balance is Fe; the tensile strength is 1840-1870 MPa, the yield strength is 780-820 MPa, and the elongation is 12.5-14%. The three technical schemes have the performance of high-strength stainless steel, and the cost of raw materials is high due to the high addition amount of Co; the increase of Co content can decompose the Cr banner, further generate a Cr-poor region and a Cr-rich region, and reduce the corrosion resistance of the Cr-poor region and the Cr-rich region; the carbon content is also high, the corrosion resistance is seriously deteriorated by high carbon, the existing size, shape and distribution of carbide in a matrix are difficult to control, and when the size is large and the carbide appears on a grain boundary, the mechanical property is seriously deteriorated; the production process of publication No. CN 110358983A and Ferris S53 requires two ageing processes and two cryogenic treatments, and the process is complex.
The invention patent application of publication No. CN 107653421A discloses a seawater corrosion resistant ultra-high strength maraging stainless steel, which comprises the specific chemical components (expressed by mass percent) of less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, 13.0 to 14.0 percent of Cr, 5.5 to 7.0 percent of Ni, 5.5 to 7.5 percent of Co, 3.0 to 5.0 percent of Mo, 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, and the balance of Fe. The tensile strength is 1926-2032 MPa, the yield strength is 1538-1759 MPa, the elongation is 7.5-13.0%, and the pitting potential Epit is more than or equal to 0.15V. The object of the invention, the strengthening mechanism and the preparation process are completely different from those of the invention, and the invention is essentially different from the same.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems of difficult cold deformation, higher raw material cost, complex preparation process, lower corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the ultra-high strength stainless steel hot rolled plate and the like, the invention provides the maraging stainless steel with the ultra-high strength and high performance and a preparation method of the maraging stainless steel.
The technical scheme is as follows: the composition of the ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel is as follows: according to mass percentage, co=2.0-5.0%, ni=7.0-9.0%, cr=11.0-13.0%, ti=0.2-1.5%, mo=4.0-6.0%, mn=0.05-1.5%, si=0.05-0.5%, C is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.003%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, and the balance is Fe.
The principle and the component design of the ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel are as follows:
the principle of the invention: the lath and sub-crystal size of martensite are controlled by optimizing alloy elements, double-vacuum smelting and corresponding thermo-mechanical treatment processes, the warm rolling process realizes the regulation and control of precipitation strengthening nano phases, and reverse transformation austenite is introduced into a matrix. By regulating and controlling the distribution, size and volume fraction of nano-scale precipitated phases in a matrix and reverse transformed austenite, stainless steel with excellent performance is successfully obtained. The ice water quenching cooling can lead the martensite laths to be tiny and the dislocation density to be increased, the tiny martensite laths can provide nucleation sites for precipitated phases and membranous metastable state reverse transformation austenite, meanwhile, the higher dislocation density increases element distribution channels for the reverse transformation austenite, and the reverse transformation austenite generated by the method is easier to generate TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) effect when being loaded, so that the plasticity and the strength can be obviously improved. Dynamic recovery recrystallization occurs simultaneously in the warm rolling process of the billet, the sub-crystal structure is thinned, the effective grain size is reduced, and the fine structure also ensures the strong plasticity of the material.
The precipitated phase of the invention is prepared by adjusting Ni, ti, mo,Si content forms Mo-rich R 'phase, alpha' -Cr and Ni 3 The (Ti, mo) nano-phase is in cooperative reinforcement to realize the enhancement of strength, the three nano-reinforced phases mainly show a cooperative precipitation relationship, ni-Ti-Mo-Si clusters which are fine in size and dispersed are formed in or on martensite laths at the early aging stage, mo and Si are gradually removed from the clusters along with the extension of the aging time, and nano-sized Ni is formed first 3 The (Ti, mo) reinforced phase is kept warm for a period of time, and Mo and Si are completely removed in Ni 3 The surface of Ti forms Mo-rich R' phase, which is wrapped by the Ti and Ni 3 The growth of Ti is inhibited, so that the precipitated phase is ensured to be finely dispersed, and meanwhile, nano-sized alpha' -Cr is also generated in the martensite lath; newly formed Mo-rich R' phase, ni 3 Ti and alpha' -Cr together provide a higher strength to the matrix.
Meanwhile, ni of DO24 structure distributed in a dispersing way 3 The Ti takes coherent strain energy of the interface with the matrix as driving force, and through climbing of edge dislocation and diffusion of Fe atoms, reverse transformation austenite of film-shaped structure in diffuse distribution can be formed, the energy required by nucleation of the reverse transformation austenite is greatly reduced by the aid of high dislocation density and fine martensite laths, and a diffusion channel is provided for growth of the reverse transformation austenite by the aid of high dislocation density, the reverse transformation austenite generated in the mode is film-shaped austenite, is in diffuse distribution in the matrix, is prone to TRIP effect, and can effectively relieve stress concentration. The reverse transformation austenite of the membranous distribution has the nano precipitation phase rich in Mo, can greatly improve the work hardening capacity of the material in the plastic deformation process, and effectively reduces the yield ratio of the ultra-high strength steel.
Aiming at the characteristic of difficult cold deformation of the ultra-high strength stainless steel hot rolled plate, the preparation process adopts a warm rolling process, the deformation resistance of the material is small, the load of a rolling mill is reduced, the abrasion of the roller is reduced, the subgrain is further crushed and refined in the rolling process, and more positions are provided for nucleation of a precipitated phase; another important innovation is that the carbon content and the content of the expensive alloy element Co are greatly reduced, and the cost can be obviously reduced while the corrosion resistance is improved. Although the low Co design reduces the Ni-Ti cluster formation capability, the regulation of precipitation strengthening nano-phase is realized by optimizing alloy elements, double vacuum melting and corresponding thermo-mechanical treatment processes, and reverse transformation austenite is introduced into the matrix. The distribution, the size and the volume fraction of the nano-scale precipitated phase in the matrix and the reverse transformation austenite are regulated, so that the strength and the plasticity and toughness are remarkably improved. The invention realizes that the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance are effectively improved on the basis of simple and controllable process and reduced cost on the basis of innovation in the aspects of strengthening mechanism, corresponding components, thermo-mechanical treatment design, heat treatment and the like.
The component design is based on: co is one of important elements to be considered in the invention, co can raise Ms point and ensure that the matrix is martensitic, but is a double-edged sword for martensitic precipitation strengthening stainless steel. The addition of Co can reduce the solubility of Ti and Mo in the martensitic matrix, form Mo-containing or Ti-containing precipitate, and further improve the strength. Co also inhibits dislocation recovery, reduces the size of the precipitate phase and matrix, and can produce a higher secondary hardening. However, the addition of Co to martensitic stainless steel promotes the amplitude-modulated decomposition of Cr, and the higher the Co content, the greater the degree of amplitude-modulated decomposition of Cr, which reduces the pitting corrosion resistance of the matrix, and the addition of Co is desirable in view of corrosion resistance. Meanwhile, the price of Co element is high, and the cost of raw materials of the ultra-high strength stainless steel is forced to be high due to the high content of Co. The mass percentage of Co is controlled to be 2.0-5.0% by comprehensively considering the mass percentage of Co. For example, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, etc.
Ni is an important element for forming intermetallic compounds by forming B2-Ni (Ti, mn) and eta-Ni in the early stage 3 (Ti, mo) to strengthen the matrix, eta-Ni 3 (Ti, mo) is also the core of the nucleation of the Mo-R' rich phase; in addition, ni can strengthen the matrix and provide certain plasticity and toughness for the stainless steel; ni also increases the hardenability of martensite. Meanwhile, ni is also a main element for forming the inverted austenite, but too high content of Ni promotes formation of residual austenite in the matrix, thereby affecting the strength of the stainless steel. Comprehensively considering the mass percentage content of Ni to control7.0 to 9.0 percent. For example, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, 9.0%, etc.
Mo is a very important precipitation strengthening element. Mo is a phase rich in Mo-R' and Ni 3 One of the main elements of (Ti, mo). The Mo-R' rich phase forms after long time aging and is coated with Ni 3 Ti forms a core-shell structure with tiny dispersion distribution, and can effectively improve the strength. Mo is also an effective corrosion-resistant element, and the addition of Mo can obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the material. Meanwhile, mo is also a ferrite forming element, and an excessively high Mo content increases the precipitation tendency of delta ferrite, so that the content thereof increases, and the performance of the material is deteriorated. Comprehensively considering that the mass percentage of Mo is controlled to be 4.0-6.0%. For example, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, etc.
Cr is an important element in stainless steel. In order to ensure the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, the mass percentage of the stainless steel is generally more than 10 percent. However, cr is a ferrite forming element, and its content is too high, which increases the delta ferrite content in the matrix and affects the toughness and corrosion resistance of the material. Therefore, the mass percentage of Cr should be controlled between 11.0 and 13.0 percent. For example, 11.0%, 11.5%, 12.0%, 12.5%, 13.0%, etc.
Si is one of important elements of the novel stainless steel, si is one of main forming elements of the Mo-R' rich phase, and the addition of the Si can effectively promote the formation of the Mo-R rich phase; the Si can also effectively inhibit the precipitation and growth of carbide in a martensitic matrix in the tempering process, thereby preventing the occurrence of a Cr-depleted region to reduce the corrosion resistance; however, too high a Si content seriously deteriorates the plasticity of the material. Comprehensively considering that the mass percentage of Si is controlled to be 0.05-0.5%. For example, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45%, 0.50%, etc.
Ti is a main strengthening phase forming element, and Ni-Ti clusters can be formed in the initial stage so as to prepare for the subsequent precipitation of the strengthening phase. When the Ti content is too much, the precipitation phase tends to be precipitated at the boundary of the martensite lath, and when the precipitation phase is too much at the boundary of the martensite lath, the precipitation phase is very easy to develop into a crack source and expand along the boundary of the martensite lath, thereby initiating quasi-cleavage cracking. Comprehensively considering that the mass percentage of Ti should be controlled between 0.2 and 1.5 percent. For example, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, etc.
Mn mainly participates in nano-phase precipitation to form Ni (Mn, ti, mo) intermetallic compound, so that Ti and Mo elements can be substituted by a small amount, and the cost is reduced. Mn element is a main element affecting the inverted austenite. However, too high Mn content makes the steel billet serious in segregation, large in thermal stress and structural stress, and poor in weldability. Comprehensively considering that the mass percentage of Mn is controlled to be 0.05-1.5 percent. For example, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, etc.
C is present as an impurity element in the stainless steel in the matrix, and when the C content is too high, MX or M is formed 23 C 6 Carbides (m=cr, ti) in the form of severe hysteresis of the formation of the inverted austenite, counteracting the benefits of high dislocation density brought by cold rolling, which seriously deteriorate the toughness and corrosion resistance of the steel when oversized, so that the C content is strictly controlled below 0.02%; p and S are also impurity elements, and an increase in the content thereof seriously impairs the performance of stainless steel, so that the content thereof is strictly controlled.
The warm rolling preparation method of the ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloy element proportioning;
(2) Vacuum smelting electrodes in a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
(3) Remelting in vacuum;
(4) Performing high-temperature homogenizing treatment;
(5) Forging or hot rolling cogging;
(6) Warm rolling deformation;
(7) And (5) heat treatment.
After alloy smelting, cooling and forming to room temperature, cutting off a riser, removing the surface skin and then entering a thermo-mechanical treatment process. Through hot rolling and cogging, warm rolling and deformation, and heat treatment, a structure with uniform and fine size can be obtained, so that the structure has higher strength, toughness and corrosion resistance.
In the step (1), the alloy elements are proportioned, according to the mass percentage of each element in the stainless steel, metallic chromium, metallic nickel, metallic manganese, metallic molybdenum, metallic cobalt, metallic titanium, iron silicon, and the balance of pure iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein the metals are high-purity metals and do not contain industrial waste metals.
In the step (2), a vacuum induction melting furnace is adopted for vacuum melting of the electrode, and high vacuum melting is adopted in the whole process, wherein the vacuum degree is below 0.1 Pa; pure iron, metallic nickel, metallic molybdenum and metallic cobalt are added along with the furnace, metallic chromium and metallic titanium are added from a high-level bin, and industrial silicon and metallic manganese are added from an alloy bin. Adding materials along with a furnace, melting, adding high-level stock bin metal, completely melting, deoxidizing and alloying, and finally adding alloy stock bin metal. In the smelting period, the refining temperature reaches 1550-1650 ℃, the refining time is not less than 60 minutes, and the stirring time is not less than 10 minutes; analyzing smelting components by stokehold sampling, and then adjusting the components according to the target designed in claim 1; after the temperature is regulated to the target composition, casting is carried out at the temperature of 1530-1550 ℃, and the riser is subjected to common heat preservation.
In the step (3), the vacuum consumable remelting speed is 100-260 Kg/h, and the vacuum degree is kept at 10 in the remelting process -2 Pa and below.
In the step (4), the high temperature homogenizing treatment is carried out, heating is carried out in air, vacuum or protective atmosphere, the heating mode is heating along with a furnace, the heating rate is 100-180 ℃/h, the temperature is kept at 600-900 ℃ for 4-8 h, then the temperature is raised to 1100-1300 ℃ for 20-50 h, and the furnace is cooled, air cooled or oil cooled to room temperature.
In the step (5), the forging or rolling may be performed to form square or round ingots; the forging or hot rolling cogging process conditions are as follows: heating the casting blank to 1100-1300 ℃, preserving heat for 10-24 hours, and discharging and rolling; the forging or hot rolling starting temperature is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the final forging or final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, the total hot rolling reduction of the plate is not more than 50%, and the ice-water mixture is cooled to room temperature.
In the step (6), the technological conditions of warm rolling deformation are as follows: the temperature is kept between 500 and 700 ℃ for 30 to 300 minutes, and the total rolling reduction of the plate is not less than 50 percent.
In the step (7), the heat treatment process includes: and (5) aging treatment.
Further, in the step (7), the aging treatment: the temperature is 450-600 ℃, the aging time is 0.5-500h, and the steel is air-cooled or quenched to room temperature.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: compared with other high-strength stainless steel, the stainless steel has the advantages of (1) lower noble metal content and lower raw material cost, (2) no carbon or extremely low carbon content, (3) adopting a warm rolling process, small deformation resistance and reduced rolling mill load, and reducing roller wear (4) the ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and the warm rolling preparation method thereof are simple, the high-strength stainless steel can be obtained through different heat treatment processes, the process controllability is strong, and industrial production is easy to realize. Finally, the stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical property is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 stress strain curve after aging for example 1; the abscissa in the figure is engineering strain, and the ordinate is engineering stress;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the metallographic morphology after aging in example 2;
FIG. 3 example 2 reverse Austenitic Transmission Electron microscope high angle annular dark field pixel distribution plot.
Detailed Description
The ultra-high strength and high performance maraging stainless steel and the warm rolling preparation method thereof according to the present invention are further explained and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, however, the explanation and illustration do not unduly limit the technical scheme of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting pure iron, metallic chromium, metallic nickel, metallic manganese, metallic molybdenum, metallic cobalt, metallic titanium and ferrosilicon as raw materials, wherein the stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: co=4.0, cr=11.0, mn=0.1, mo=5.0, ni=8.0, si=0.1, ti=0.5, c less than or equal to 0.02%, P less than or equal to 0.003%, S less than or equal to 0.003%, and the balance Fe. C. P, S is an unavoidable impurity.
And preparing a billet by adopting vacuum melting in the whole process.
And (3) performing high-temperature homogenizing treatment, namely heating in air in a furnace, wherein the heating mode is heating along with the furnace, the heating rate is 180 ℃/h, the temperature is kept at 700 ℃ for 4h, then the temperature is raised to 1150 ℃ and kept for 25h, and the furnace is cooled to room temperature.
The technological conditions of hot rolling cogging are as follows: heating a casting blank to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and discharging and rolling; the hot rolling start temperature is 1150 plus or minus 20 ℃, the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, the total hot rolling reduction of the plate is 60 percent, and the ice-water mixture is cooled.
The technological condition of warm rolling is that the temperature is kept for 30min at 500 ℃, and the total rolling reduction of the plate is 60%.
Aging treatment is carried out on the warm rolled plate, wherein the aging temperature is 480 ℃, the aging time is 5h, and the plate is air-cooled to room temperature.
The mechanical properties of example 1 are shown in Table 2, the average hardness is 503.1HV, the yield strength is 2000MPa, the tensile strength is 2115MPa, the elongation is 10%, and the pitting potential is 0.18V SCE . FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve after aging of example 1.
Example 2
Selecting pure iron, metallic chromium, metallic nickel, metallic manganese, metallic molybdenum, metallic cobalt, metallic titanium and ferrosilicon as raw materials, wherein the stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: co=4.0, cr=11.0, mn=0.3, mo=5.5, ni=8.0, si=0.2, ti=1.0, c less than or equal to 0.02%, P less than or equal to 0.003%, S less than or equal to 0.003%, and the balance Fe. C. P, S is an unavoidable impurity.
And preparing a billet by adopting vacuum melting in the whole process.
And (3) performing high-temperature homogenizing treatment, namely heating in air in a furnace, wherein the heating mode is heating along with the furnace, the heating rate is 180 ℃/h, the temperature is kept at 700 ℃ for 5h, then the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃ and kept for 30h, and the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
The technological conditions of hot rolling cogging are as follows: heating a casting blank to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 20 hours, and discharging and rolling; the hot rolling start temperature is 1150 plus or minus 20 ℃, the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, the total hot rolling reduction of the plate is 70%, and the ice-water mixture is cooled.
The technological condition of warm rolling is that the temperature is kept for 30min at 550 ℃, and the total rolling reduction of the plate is 65%.
And (3) aging the warm rolled plate, wherein the aging temperature is 500 ℃, the aging time is 5 hours, and the plate is air-cooled to room temperature.
The mechanical properties of example 2 are shown in Table 2, with an average hardness of 508.6HV, a yield strength of 2010MPa, a tensile strength of 2150MPa, an elongation of 9.5% and a pitting potential of 0.16V SCE . FIG. 2 is a graph of the metallographic morphology of example 2 after aging. FIG. 3 is a graph of a high angle annular dark field pixel of a reverse austenite transmission electron microscope of example 2, showing that a large amount of film-like reverse transformed austenite was found, and that there were precipitation phases in the reverse transformed austenite, and at the same time, there were three precipitate phases in the martensite.
The test methods for the corrosion resistance, hardness and tensile mechanical properties of the ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel in the above examples are as follows.
(1) Hardness: hardness testing was performed using an HVS-50 Vickers durometer with a load of 1Kg, and the average was taken after 5 points are set forth in Table 2.
(2) Tensile mechanical properties: the tensile test was performed using an electronic universal tester, and rectangular specimens with nominal section sizes of 2-3×4×20.6mm were taken and the average of the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of 3 identically processed specimens was set forth in table 2.
(3) Corrosion resistance
The test piece was processed to a specification of 10mm x 2mm and exposed to 1cm after encapsulation with epoxy resin 2 And (3) performing a test, polishing the surface to 2000# by using sand paper, scrubbing with alcohol to remove greasy dirt, cleaning with deionized water, and drying for later use. The experimental solution was 0.1MNA 2 SO 4 +xnacl (ph=3), experimental temperature 25 ℃ at room temperature. Electrochemical testing was performed using the CHI660E electrochemical workstation. The electrochemical experiment is carried out by adopting a common three-electrode system, the experiment of the ultra-high strength stainless steel is a working electrode, the Pt sheet is an auxiliary electrode, and the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) is used as a reference electrode. Before electrochemical experiments, -1.2V was applied to the sample SEC Polarizing for 5min to remove the oxide film formed on the sample surface in air. The system was stable for 30min and recording was started. Potentiodynamic polarization test, scan rate of 0.5mV/S, scanThe potential region is-0.3V (vs. open circuit potential E) OC ) About 1.5V (vs. reference electrode potential E) R ) The test was stopped after the current change stabilized. The average value was taken after 3 determinations and is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 composition and hardness, tensile Properties and pitting sites of examples
Note that: the contents of the components such as C, P, S in each example in table 2 were in accordance with the elemental composition of stainless steel. Wherein C is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.003%, and S is less than or equal to 0.003%, not shown in Table 2. Bal represents the balance.
The invention discloses an ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and a warm rolling preparation method thereof, wherein the stainless steel comprises the following components: the alloy comprises, by mass, co=2.0-5.0, ni=7.0-9.0, cr=11.0-13.0, ti=0.2-1.5, mo=4.0-6.0, mn=0.05-1.5, si=0.05-0.5, C is less than or equal to 0.02, P is less than or equal to 0.003, S is less than or equal to 0.003, and the balance Fe. Aiming at the characteristic of difficult cold deformation of the ultra-high strength stainless steel hot rolled plate, the preparation process adopts a warm rolling process, the deformation resistance of the material is small, the material is crushed and sub-crystals are thinned, and more positions are provided for nucleation of a precipitated phase; by optimizing alloy elements, double-vacuum smelting and corresponding thermo-mechanical treatment processes, regulation and control of precipitation strengthening nano phases are realized, and reverse transformation austenite is introduced into a matrix. By regulating and controlling the distribution, size and volume fraction of nano-scale precipitated phases in a matrix and reverse transformed austenite, stainless steel with excellent performance is successfully obtained. The stainless steel of the invention has tensile strength up to 2.1GPa, elongation up to 13% and pitting potential up to 0.18V under the conditions that C is less than or equal to 0.02% and Co is not more than 5% SCE The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method can be used for key structures such as ships, ocean engineering, aerospace engineering and the like.
Claims (6)
1. An ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel, characterized in that the stainless steel comprises the following composition: according to mass percentage, co=2.0-5.0%, ni=7.0-9.0%, cr=11.0-13.0%, ti=0.2-1.5%, mo=4.0-6.0%, mn=0.05-1.5%, si=0.05-0.5%, C is less than or equal to 0.02%, P is less than or equal to 0.003%, S is less than or equal to 0.003%, and the balance is Fe; the preparation method of the ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling thereof comprises the following steps: (1) Alloy element proportioning (2) vacuum induction smelting furnace is used for vacuum smelting electrodes; (3) vacuum consumable remelting; (4) high-temperature homogenizing treatment; (5) forging or hot rolling cogging; (6) warm rolling deformation; (7) heat treatment;
in the step (4), the high temperature homogenizing treatment is carried out, heating is carried out in air, vacuum or protective atmosphere, the heating mode is heating along with a furnace, the heating rate is 180 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4-8 h at 600-900 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1100-1300 ℃ and kept for 20-50 h, and the temperature is cooled along with the furnace, air-cooled or oil-cooled to the room temperature;
in step (5), the forging or rolling may be cast or rolled into square or round ingots of size; the forging or hot rolling cogging process conditions are as follows: heating the casting blank to 1100-1300 ℃, preserving heat for 10-24 hours, and discharging and rolling; the starting temperature of forging or hot rolling is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the final forging or final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, the total hot rolling reduction of the plate is not less than 50%, the forging ratio of the forging ingot is not less than 6, and after forging or rolling deformation, the ice-water mixture is cooled;
in the step (6), the technological conditions of warm rolling deformation are as follows: preserving heat for 30-300 min at 500-700 ℃, wherein the total rolling reduction of the plate is not less than 50%;
in the step (7), the heat treatment process is aging treatment.
2. A warm rolling preparation method of ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Alloy element proportioning;
(2) Vacuum smelting electrodes in a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
(3) Remelting in vacuum;
(4) Performing high-temperature homogenizing treatment;
(5) Forging or hot rolling cogging;
(6) Warm rolling deformation;
(7) Heat treatment;
in the step (4), the high temperature homogenizing treatment is carried out, heating is carried out in air, vacuum or protective atmosphere, the heating mode is heating along with a furnace, the heating rate is 180 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 4-8 h at 600-900 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 1100-1300 ℃ and kept for 20-50 h, and the temperature is cooled along with the furnace, air-cooled or oil-cooled to the room temperature;
in step (5), the forging or rolling may be cast or rolled into square or round ingots of size; the forging or hot rolling cogging process conditions are as follows: heating the casting blank to 1100-1300 ℃, preserving heat for 10-24 hours, and discharging and rolling; the starting temperature of forging or hot rolling is more than or equal to 1100 ℃, the final forging or final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, the total hot rolling reduction of the plate is not less than 50%, the forging ratio of the forging ingot is not less than 6, and after forging or rolling deformation, the ice-water mixture is cooled;
in the step (6), the technological conditions of warm rolling deformation are as follows: preserving heat for 30-300 min at 500-700 ℃, wherein the total rolling reduction of the plate is not less than 50%;
in the step (7), the heat treatment process is aging treatment.
3. The ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method as defined in claim 2, wherein in step (1), the alloy element ratio is selected from the group consisting of chromium metal, nickel metal, manganese metal, molybdenum metal, cobalt metal, titanium metal, iron silicon metal, and the balance being pure iron and unavoidable impurities according to the mass percentages of the elements in the stainless steel.
4. The ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof according to claim 2, wherein in step (2), vacuum smelting electrode is performed by adopting vacuum induction smelting furnace, and high vacuum smelting is adopted in the whole process, wherein the vacuum degree is below 0.1 Pa; adding pure iron, metallic nickel, metallic molybdenum and metallic cobalt along with a furnace, adding metallic chromium and metallic titanium from a high-level bin, adding industrial silicon and metallic manganese from an alloy bin, melting the materials along with the furnace, adding high-level bin metal, completely melting, deoxidizing and alloying, and finally adding alloy bin metal, wherein the melting period is when the refining temperature reaches 1550-1650 ℃, the refining time is not less than 60 minutes, and the stirring time is not less than 10-15 minutes; sampling and analyzing smelting components in front of a furnace, and then adjusting the components; after the temperature is regulated to the target components, casting is carried out at the temperature of 1530-1550 ℃, and the riser is subjected to common heat preservation.
5. The ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (3), the vacuum consumable remelting is performed at a melting speed of 100-260 Kg/h, and the vacuum degree is maintained at 10 during the remelting - 2 Pa and below.
6. The ultra-high strength high performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof as recited in claim 2, wherein the aging treatment temperature is 450-600 ℃, aging time is 0.5-500h, and air cooling or quenching is performed to room temperature.
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