CN114717100B - Microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and application - Google Patents
Microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114717100B CN114717100B CN202110809113.6A CN202110809113A CN114717100B CN 114717100 B CN114717100 B CN 114717100B CN 202110809113 A CN202110809113 A CN 202110809113A CN 114717100 B CN114717100 B CN 114717100B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/12—Specific details about materials
Abstract
The invention provides a microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and a method for processing single-cell sequencing samples by using the microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip of the invention respectively stores the cell solution, the cell marker solution (such as the microsphere with the nucleic acid sequence) and the reactant solution (such as the cell lysate) in different storage cavities, so that the cell solution inlet and the reactant solution inlet are separated, and the survival rate of cells can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the oil phase solution cuts the mixed solution at the crossing structure of the chip flow channel to generate water-in-oil liquid drops, so that high packing rate of microspheres and cells can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing, and belongs to the technical fields of micro-droplet, particle wrapping and cell wrapping.
Background
Microfluidic is a scientific technology that precisely controls and manipulates microscale fluids, with the primary feature of manipulating fluids in a micro-nanoscale space. The technologies commonly used in the current microfluidic chip include a separation technology, a detection technology, a micro-droplet technology and a micro-fluid control and driving technology. Compared with the traditional separation mode, the microfluidic chip separation technology has the advantages of rich carrier materials, quartz, glass, silicon and various polymers, easy separation realization, simple process control, flexible combination with other operation units and wider application range. The detection technology has higher requirements than the traditional detection technology, such as high sensitivity, high response speed, parallel analysis function, portable characteristics and the like. At present, a plurality of detection technologies based on different principles are applied to the research of microfluidic chips, and mainly include methods of optical detection, electrochemical detection, mass spectrometry and the like.
Microfluidic (Microfluidics) has important applications in the disciplines of single cell sequencing, life sciences, clinical medicine, etc. Single cell sequencing is a new technology which is developed in recent years, can obtain a whole transcriptome expression profile from the single cell level, and can carry out high-throughput sequencing after amplification, so that the gene expression level in the single cell can be detected efficiently, and the single cell sequencing has important application value in the fields of diagnosis and treatment of tumors, design of targeted drugs, development and differentiation of stem cells and the like.
Microfluidic technology generally uses micro-analytical devices as carriers for technical implementation, and microfluidic chips are the most rapidly developing of various micro-analytical devices. The micro-fluidic chip is a micro-total analysis system which utilizes MEMS technology to process various microstructures on silicon, quartz, glass or high polymer base materials, then uses micro channels to communicate with micro pumps, micro valves, micro reservoirs, micro detection elements and other components with functions of fluid transportation, control, detection and monitoring, and integrates the processes of dilution, reagent addition, sampling, reaction, separation dispersion, detection, monitoring and the like on the chip to the greatest extent.
At present, a common microfluidic detection system generally mixes a cell solution and a reactant solution (such as a lysate, which has a destructive effect on cells), and stores the mixture in a droplet storage cavity with a smaller volume for performing droplet sample preparation pretreatment, so that the defects of low cell survival rate, low test flux and the like are caused. Often need the manual intervention to remove or operate the chip many times, not only degree of automation is low, and is with high costs.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing, and to encapsulate droplets of a cell solution, a cell marker solution (e.g., a microsphere with a nucleic acid sequence), and a reactant solution (e.g., a cell lysate) in the same chip.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and a method for processing single-cell sequencing samples by using the microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip of the invention respectively stores the cell solution, the cell marker solution (such as the microsphere with the nucleic acid sequence) and the reactant solution (such as the cell lysate) in different storage cavities, so that the cell solution inlet and the reactant solution (such as the cell lysate) inlet are separated, and the survival rate of cells can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the mixed liquid is cut at the crossing structure of the chip flow channel by the oil phase solution to generate water-in-oil liquid drops, so that high packing rate of microspheres and cells can be realized, and the cell survival rate is improved.
The invention provides a microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing, which comprises an upper piece part and a lower piece part, wherein one side of the upper piece part is provided with an oil phase solution sample inlet 1, a reaction reagent solution (such as cell lysate) sample inlet 2, a cell solution sample inlet 3, a cell marker solution (such as microsphere with a nucleic acid sequence) sample inlet 4 and a droplet outlet 5, and one side of the lower piece part is provided with a micro-channel 6 for completing the generation of droplets to wrap cells, cell markers (such as microsphere with a nucleic acid sequence) and reaction reagents (such as cell lysate).
Optionally, the micro flow channel 6 includes:
(1) One end of the first channel is connected with the cell solution injection port, and the other end of the first channel is connected with the liquid drop generation crossing part;
(2) One end of the second channel is connected with the oil phase solution sample inlet, and the other end of the second channel is connected with the liquid drop generation crossing part;
(3) A third passage, one end of which is connected to the droplet generation crossing portion, and the other end of which is connected to the droplet outlet;
(4) A fourth channel, which is located between the first channel and the second channel, and one end of which is connected with the sample inlet of the cell marker solution, and the other end of which is connected with the first channel;
(5) And the fifth channel is positioned between the first channel and the second channel, one end of the fifth channel is connected with the reactant solution injection port, and the other end of the fifth channel is connected with the first channel.
Optionally, the cross section of at least one of the first, second, fourth and fifth channels is narrowed from wide toward the liquid flow direction. The upstream wide zone 8 design facilitates easier use of pneumatic control to push the liquid phase fluid and the downstream narrow zone 9 design facilitates easier single column sequential flow of cells and cell markers (e.g., microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) through the cross-over structure to maximize single encapsulation.
Alternatively, the width of the cross section of the channel is between 20 μm and 300 μm, preferably the width of the cross section of the channel is between 40 μm and 80 μm.
Optionally, a plurality of support microcolumns 7 are arranged in the chip channel to prevent collapse of the chip channel and promote uniform mixing of the solution. Preferably a plurality of support microcolumns 7 are arranged in order within the channel.
Alternatively, the support microcolumn 7 has a cylindrical structure.
Optionally, each sample inlet is provided with a sample storage cavity, and the droplet outlet is provided with a storage droplet storage cavity.
Optionally, the volume of the droplet storage chamber is between 30 μl and 700 μl.
Optionally, at least one of the upper sheet portion and the lower sheet portion is a transparent portion, and the upper sheet portion and/or the lower sheet portion is made of a polymer material such as PMMA, PC, COP, COC or PS.
Optionally, the upper sheet portion and the lower sheet portion are bonded by hot pressing or film lamination.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for processing the single-cell sequencing sample by utilizing the microfluidic chip, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Transferring the oil phase solution, the reactant solution (such as cell lysate), the cell solution and the cell marker solution (such as microsphere with nucleic acid sequence) into each storage cavity on the chip;
(2) Controlling the flow rate of each solution by using an air pressure control device, and mixing the cell marker solution, the cell solution and the reactant solution in a chip flow channel;
(3) The oil phase solution cuts the mixed solution at the crossing structure of the chip flow channel to generate water-in-oil liquid drops, so as to generate liquid drops, wrap cells, cell markers and reaction reagents, and finish sample treatment before single cell sequencing and library establishment.
Preferably, the step (2) includes:
(a) Controlling the flow rate of each solution by using an air pressure control device, and mixing the cell marker solution and the cell solution into a mixed solution A at one position of a chip flow channel;
(b) The mixed solution A and the reactant solution are mixed into mixed solution B at the other part of the chip flow channel.
The microfluidic chip has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The microfluidic chip of the invention respectively adds a reactant solution (such as a cell lysate), a cell solution and a cell marker solution (such as microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) into corresponding sample inlets, so that the cell solution inlet and the reactant solution (such as the cell lysate) inlet are separated, thereby remarkably improving the survival rate of cells (the number of reads from free RNA in final data is reduced from 20-40% of common single-cell sequencing to within 15%, wherein the free RNA is usually from dead cells);
(2) The flow channel of the microfluidic chip is internally provided with a plurality of support microcolumns, so that not only can the collapse of the flow channel of the chip be prevented, but also the mixing of solutions can be promoted;
(3) The microfluidic chip adopts a high-capacity liquid drop storage cavity (the volume is 30 mu L-700 mu L), each independently operated microfluidic chip in a single experiment can process up to 20000 cell samples, and the processing effect is good, so that high-throughput single-cell sequencing and library building are realized;
(4) The microfluidic chip can be combined on one chip in a plurality of blocks, so that a plurality of groups of cell samples can be processed simultaneously;
(5) The upper and lower sheet parts of the microfluidic chip are made of PMMA, PC, COP, COC or PS and other high polymer materials, so that the microfluidic chip is easy to realize mass injection molding production, low in cost and good in biocompatibility;
(6) The micro-fluidic chip has the advantages of simple and small integral structure, good stability and good repeatability;
(7) The microfluidic chip can realize high encapsulation rate of microspheres and cells.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microfluidic chip.
Fig. 2 is a schematic chip diagram of a microfluidic chip housing 4 independently operated microfluidic chips.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a chip housing 4 independently operated microfluidic chips.
Fig. 4 is a chip isometric view of a cartridge housing 4 independently operated microfluidic chips.
FIG. 5 Single cell sequencing library quality control results.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described by way of specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the materials and other chemicals used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a microfluidic chip, which includes an upper sheet portion and a lower sheet portion, and:
one side of the upper piece part is provided with an oil phase solution sample inlet 1, a reaction reagent solution (such as cell lysate) sample inlet 2, a cell solution sample inlet 3, a cell marker solution (such as microsphere with nucleic acid sequence) sample inlet 4 and a droplet outlet 5;
the other side of the upper part is provided with a sample storage cavity corresponding to the sample inlet and used for storing a corresponding sample; a droplet storage chamber corresponding to the droplet outlet for storing the generated droplets;
one side of the lower piece part is provided with a micro-channel 6 connected with a sample inlet and a liquid drop outlet, the micro-channel is composed of five channels and a liquid drop generation intersection part, wherein the first channel is connected with the cell solution sample inlet 3 and the liquid drop generation intersection part; the second channel is connected with the oil phase solution sample inlet 1 and the liquid drop generation intersection part; the third channel connects the droplet generation intersection and the droplet outlet 5; the fourth channel is positioned between the first channel and the second channel, one end of the fourth channel is connected with the cell marker solution sample inlet, and the other end of the fourth channel is in cross connection with the first channel; the fifth channel is positioned between the fourth channel and the second channel, one end of the fifth channel is connected with the reaction reagent solution injection port, and the other end of the fifth channel is in cross connection with the first channel; the cross sections of the first channel, the second channel, the fourth channel and the fifth channel are narrowed from wide toward the liquid flowing direction; each channel is internally provided with cylindrical support microcolumns which are orderly arranged;
the cross section of at least one of the first, second, fourth and fifth channels is narrowed from wide toward the liquid flow direction.
The upstream wide zone 8 design facilitates easier use of pneumatic control to push the liquid phase fluid and the downstream narrow zone 9 design facilitates easier single column sequential flow of cells and cell markers (e.g., microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) through the cross-over structure to maximize single encapsulation.
The support microcolumns are arranged in the flow channel and are orderly arranged, so that the flow channel can be supported to prevent uneven flow velocity caused by collapse of the chip, and meanwhile, the support microcolumns can realize the function of liquid stirring, thereby being beneficial to effective mixing of liquid.
The inner diameter of the runner in the embodiment of the invention is controlled between 20 mu m and 300 mu m, and the preferable range is 40 mu m to 80 mu m, so that the diameter of the formed liquid drop can be controlled, single cell encapsulation can be realized, and the encapsulation rate is improved.
The microfluidic chip in the embodiment of the invention adopts the high-capacity liquid drop storage cavity, the capacity of the high-capacity liquid drop storage cavity is 30 mu L-700 mu L, each independently operated microfluidic chip in a single experiment can process up to 20000 cell samples, the processing effect is good, and the high-throughput single-cell sequencing library building is realized.
As shown in fig. 2-4, in practical application, 4 independently operated microfluidic chips can be accommodated on one chip, so that 4 groups of cell samples can be processed simultaneously, and the efficiency of single cell sequencing and library establishment is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for processing the sequencing sample by using the microfluidic chip, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing 125 mu L of reaction reagent solution (such as cell lysate), 125 mu L of cell solution and 65 mu L of cell marker solution (such as microsphere with nucleic acid sequence);
(2) Transferring 120. Mu.L of the oil phase solution, 120. Mu.L of the reaction reagent solution (such as a cell lysate), 120. Mu.L of the cell solution and 60. Mu.L of the cell marker solution (such as microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) into each sample storage cavity on the chip by using a pipette;
(3) Controlling the pressures of an oil phase solution, a reactant solution (such as a cell lysate), a cell solution and a cell marker solution (such as microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) to be 120mBar, 100mBar and 250mBar respectively by using a pneumatic control device, and mixing the cell marker solution (such as microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) and the cell solution into a mixed solution A at one position of a chip flow channel;
(4) The mixed solution A and the reactant solution are mixed into mixed solution B at the other part of the chip flow channel;
(5) The oil phase solution cuts the mixed solution B at the crossing structure of the chip flow channel to generate water-in-oil liquid drops, the liquid drops are generated, cells, cell markers (such as microspheres with nucleic acid sequences) and reaction reagents (such as cell lysate) are wrapped, and flow into a liquid drop storage cavity to finish sample treatment before single cell sequencing and library establishment.
As shown in fig. 5, the analysis was performed by the bioanalyzer 2100 instrument, and the sequencing library quality control data of the samples obtained in the above examples, the length and concentration of the samples were all in line with expectations.
The embodiments described hereinabove were chosen to best explain the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive of the precise forms disclosed and to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and the scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The microfluidic chip is characterized by comprising an upper piece part and a lower piece part, wherein one side of the upper piece part is provided with an oil phase solution sample inlet (1), a reaction reagent solution sample inlet (2), a cell solution sample inlet (3), a cell marker solution sample inlet (4) and a liquid drop outlet (5), and one side of the lower piece part is provided with a micro-channel (6) for completing the generation of liquid drops to wrap cell markers, cells and reaction reagents;
the microchannel (6) comprises:
(1) One end of the first channel is connected with the cell solution injection port 3, and the other end of the first channel is connected with the liquid drop generation crossing part;
(2) One end of the second channel is connected with the oil phase solution sample inlet 1, and the other end of the second channel is connected with the liquid drop generation crossing part;
(3) A third passage, one end of which is connected to the droplet generation crossing portion, and the other end of which is connected to the droplet outlet;
(4) A fourth channel, which is located between the first channel and the second channel, and one end of which is connected with the cell marker solution sample inlet (4) and the other end of which is connected with the first channel;
(5) A fifth channel, which is located between the first channel and the second channel, and one end of which is connected with the reactant solution injection port (2) and the other end of which is connected with the first channel;
the cross section of at least one channel among the first channel, the second channel, the fourth channel and the fifth channel is narrowed from wide toward the flowing direction of the liquid;
the width of the cross section of the channel is between 20 mu m and 300 mu m;
a plurality of support microcolumns (7) are arranged in the channel, the support microcolumns (7) are of cylindrical structures, and the support microcolumns prevent collapse of the chip channel and promote mixing of solutions;
each sample inlet is provided with a sample storage cavity, and the liquid drop outlet is provided with a liquid drop storage cavity.
2. A microfluidic chip according to claim 1 wherein the cross-section of said channel has a width of between 40 μm and 80 μm.
3. A microfluidic chip according to claim 2 wherein said droplet storage chamber has a volume of between 30 μl and 700 μl.
4. A method of single cell sequencing sample processing using the microfluidic chip of any one of claims 1-3, comprising:
(1) Transferring the oil phase solution, the reactant solution, the cell solution and the cell marker solution into each storage cavity on the chip respectively;
(2) Controlling the flow rate of each solution by using an air pressure control device, and mixing the cell marker solution, the cell solution and the reactant solution in a chip flow channel;
(3) The oil phase solution cuts the mixed solution at the crossing structure of the chip flow channel to generate water-in-oil liquid drops, so as to generate liquid drops, wrap cells, cell markers and reaction reagents, and finish sample treatment before single cell sequencing and library establishment.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein step (2) comprises:
(a) Controlling the flow rate of each solution by using an air pressure control device, and mixing the cell marker solution and the cell solution into a mixed solution A at one position of a chip flow channel;
(b) The mixed solution A and the reactant solution are mixed into mixed solution B at the other part of the chip flow channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110809113.6A CN114717100B (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-07-16 | Microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and application |
| PCT/CN2021/129696 WO2023284191A1 (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-10 | Microfluidic chip for single cell sequencing and application thereof |
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| CN202110809113.6A CN114717100B (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2021-07-16 | Microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and application |
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| CN114717100B true CN114717100B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN114717100B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2024-03-19 | 墨卓生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Microfluidic chip for single-cell sequencing and application |
| CN115920991A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院基础医学与肿瘤研究所(筹) | Micro-fluidic chip and method for sorting microorganisms |
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