CN114711240B - 一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途,所述的杀菌组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A为氟茚唑菌胺,活性成分B为乙嘧酚磺酸酯或乙嘧酚中的任一种。所述的活性成分A和活性成分B的质量比为1:20~20:1。本发明的杀菌组合物在活性化合物的施用量降低的情况下对植物病原菌具有协同增效的作用,拓宽了杀菌谱,有效减缓和避免抗药性的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业杀菌剂领域,具体涉及一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途。
背景技术
氟茚唑菌胺,国际通用名:fluindapyr,CAS号:1383809-87-7。氟茚唑菌胺是由意赛格公司和FMC公司联合开发的SDHI类杀菌剂,该杀菌剂杀菌谱广,持效期长,主要用于谷物、大豆、水稻、坚果树、葡萄、玉米等,防治由壳针孢属(Septoria spp.)、链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、核盘菌(Sclerotonia spp.)、炭疽病菌(Anthracnose spp.)、灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis spp.)、尾孢属(Cercospora spp.)、棒孢属(Corynespora spp.)等病原菌引起的病害,如亚洲大豆锈病、(稻)瘟病、纹枯病、花腐病、白粉病、灰霉病、菌核病、炭疽病、疮痂病等。
乙嘧酚磺酸酯,国际通用名:bupirimate,CAS号:41483-43-6。乙嘧酚磺酸酯是新一代内吸性杀菌剂,属于腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶抑制剂,内吸传导性强,耐雨水冲刷,施药后持效期长,高效广谱。同时具有保护和治疗作用,可被根、茎、叶迅速吸收,并在植物体内运转到各个部分,具有保护和治疗作用,对作物白粉病有特效,用于果蔬、蔬菜、花卉等观赏植物及大田作物白粉病的防治。
乙醚酚,国际通用名:ethirimol,CAS号:23947-60-6,化学名称为5-丁基-2-乙基氨基-4-羟基-6-甲基嘧啶。乙嘧酚是先正达开发的嘧啶类杀菌剂,其属于腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶抑制剂,为内吸性杀菌剂,具有保护和治疗作用,其持效期较长,专门用于防治作物的白粉病。乙嘧酚产品对农作物高度安全,不存在药害,还能促进作物生长。
在农业生产中,由于长时间使用单一的杀菌剂或者不科学的使用农药,导致病原菌的抗药性逐渐升高;同时使用过量的农药导致环境污染和生产成本增加等问题,不利于农业的可持续发展。发明人进行了大量的试验研究发现将氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯或乙嘧酚中的任一种进行复配,在一定范围内,对植物致病菌表现出良好的防治效果,减少了用药量,降低了生产成本,并且对环境安全。
发明内容
基于以上情况,本发明的目的是提供一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途,该杀菌组合物通过复配达到增效作用,有效降低生产成本。该杀菌组合物可用于防治植物致病菌引起的病害,减少用药量,同时延缓致病菌抗药性的产生和发展,对环境友好。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物及其用途,所述的杀菌组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A为氟茚唑菌胺,活性成分B为乙嘧酚磺酸酯或.乙嘧酚中的任一种,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:20~20:1。
进一步地,所述的活性成分B为乙嘧酚磺酸酯时,所述活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:10~10:1;
更进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:10、1:5、1:3、1:1、3:1、5:1、10:1;
进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:5~3:1;
更进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:5、1:3、1:1、3:1;
进一步地,所述的活性成分B为乙嘧酚时,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:18~12:1;
更进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚质量比为1:18、1:15、1:10、1:5、1:3、3:1、5:1、12:1;
进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比为1:5~5:1;
更进一步地,所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比为1:5、1:3、3:1、5:1;
进一步地,所述的杀菌组合物的总重量以100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在杀菌组合物中的含量之和为1~90wt%;
更进一步地,所述的杀菌组合物的总重量以100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在杀菌组合物中的含量之和为2~80wt%;
进一步地,所述的杀菌组合物除了包含活性成分外,还包括农业上允许的辅助成分,所述的辅助成分选自润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、载体、溶剂中的一种或多种;
所述的润湿剂选自润湿剂选自烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸钠、琥珀酸二辛脂磺酸钠、α-烯烃磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、蚕沙、皂角粉、无患子粉、SOPA、净洗剂、乳化剂2000系列和湿润渗透剂F中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的分散剂选自木质素磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸盐、三苯乙烯基苯酚乙氧基化物磷酸酯、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醚缩合物硫酸盐、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、甘油脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚、聚羧酸盐类、聚丙烯酸类、磷酸盐类、EO-PO嵌段共聚物和EO-PO接枝共聚物中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的增稠剂选自黄原胶、聚乙烯醇、有机膨润土、硅酸镁铝、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的崩解剂选自硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氯化铝、氯化钠、氯化铵、膨润土、葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉、纤维素、尿素、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸和酒石酸中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的乳化剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、烷基苯磺酸盐、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的消泡剂选自硅油、C10~C20饱和脂肪酸类化合物、C8~C10脂肪醇类化合物或硅酮类化合物中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的防腐剂选自山梨酸、山梨酸钠盐、山梨酸钾盐、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸钠盐、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的稳定剂选自磷酸氢二钠、草酸、丁二酸、己二酸、硼砂、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、环氧化植物油、中的一种或多种;和/或
所述的增效剂选自增效磷、增效醚;和/或
所述的载体选自高岭土、膨润土、凹凸棒土、轻质碳酸钙、硅藻土、白炭黑中的一种或多种;和/或
所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、柴油、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己酮、乙酸乙酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙醇、丁醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、乙二醇甲醚、丁醚、溶剂油、植物油、植物油衍生物和去离子水中的一种或多种;和/或
进一步地,所述的杀菌组合物可以制备成农业上允许的任意一种制剂剂型;
进一步地,所述的制剂剂型为固体制剂、液体制剂或种子处理制剂;
进一步地,所述的固体制剂为直接使用固体制剂、可分散固体制剂或可溶固体制剂;
更进一步地,所述的直接使用固体制剂为粉剂、颗粒剂、球剂、片剂或条剂;
所述的可分散固体制剂为可湿性粉剂、油分散粉剂、乳粉剂、水分散粒剂、乳粒剂或水分散片剂;
所述的可溶固体制剂为可溶粉剂、可溶片剂或可溶粒剂;
进一步地,所述的液体制剂为溶液制剂、分散液体制剂、乳液制剂、悬浮制剂或多相制剂;
更进一步地,所述的溶液制剂为可溶液剂、可溶胶剂、油剂或展膜油剂;
所述的分散液体制剂为乳油、乳胶、可分散液剂或膏剂;
所述的乳液制剂为水乳剂、油乳剂、微乳剂或脂剂;
所述的悬浮制剂为悬浮剂、微囊悬浮剂、油悬浮剂或可分散油悬浮剂;
所述的多相制剂为悬乳剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-水乳剂或微囊悬浮-悬乳剂;
进一步地,所述的种子处理制剂包括种子处理固体制剂或种子处理液体制剂;
更进一步地,所述的种子处理固体制剂为种子处理干粉剂或种子处理可分散粉剂;
所述的种子处理液体制剂为种子处理液剂、种子处理乳剂或种子处理悬浮剂;
更进一步地,所述的固体制剂选自水分散粒剂或可湿性粉剂,所述的液体制剂选自悬浮剂、水乳剂或乳油。
本发明还公开了如上所述的含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物和/或其制剂在防治植物致病菌的用途。
进一步地,所述的植物致病菌为担子菌纲、子囊菌纲、卵菌纲和半知菌纲等植物病原性真菌;
所述的卵菌纲,包括疫霉属(Phytophthora),例如致病疫霉菌(Phytophthorainfestans)、大豆疫霉病菌(Phytophthora megasperma)、柑桔角腐病菌(Phytophthoraparasitica)、樟疫霉菌(Phytophthora cinnamomi)和南瓜疫病菌(Phytophthoracapsici);草腐霉枯萎属(Pythium);霜霉科(Peronosporaceae)例如葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola)、霜霉属病菌(Peronospora)(包括烟草霜霉菌(Peronosporatabacina)和寄生霜霉菌(Peronospora parasitica));假霜霉属(Pseudoperonospora)病菌和盘梗霉菌病菌(Bremialactucae);腐霉属(Pythium)例如瓜果腐霉菌(Pythiumaphanidermatum);
所述的子囊菌纲,包括链格孢属(Alternaria),例如番茄早疫病菌(Alternariasolani)和甘蓝黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicae);球座菌属(Guignardia),例如葡萄黑腐病菌(Guignardia bidwelli);黑星菌属(Venturia),例如苹果黑星病菌(Venturiainaequalis);壳针孢属(Septoria),例如颖枯病菌(Septorianodorum)和叶枯病菌(Septoriatritici);白粉病例如白粉菌属(Erysiphe)(包括小麦白粉病菌(Erysiphegraminis)和萝白粉病菌(Erysiphe polygoni))、葡萄白粉病菌(Uncinula necatur)、黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuligena)(Erysiphe cichoracearum)和苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaera leucotricha);灰霉菌属(Botrytis),例如草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytiscinerea)、桃褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola);菌核菌属(Sclerotinia)例如油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)、葡萄枝枯病菌(Phomopsis viticola);蠕形菌属(Helminthosporium)例如玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium triticirepentis);网纹病菌(Pyrenophorateres);炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)例如粱炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum graminicola)和西瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare);小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis);
所述的担子菌纲,包括由锈菌属(Puccinia)例如隐匿柄锈菌(Pucciniarecondita)、条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis)、叶锈菌(Puccinia hordei)、杆锈菌(Puccinia graminis)和柄锈菌(Puccinia arachidis);咖啡锈菌(Hemileia vastatrix)和大豆锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi);其他病原体包括丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和赤色菌核病菌(Rhizoctonia oryzae);镰刀菌属(Fusarium),例如粉红镰刀菌(Fusarium roseum)、禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum);大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae);白绢菌(Sclerotiumrolfsii);云纹菌(Rynchosporiumsecalis);、黑斑病菌(Cercosporaarachidicola)和褐斑病菌(Cercosporabeticola);
进一步地,所述的植物致病菌为禾谷类、蔬菜、水果、观赏植物上的细菌和真菌;
本发明的杀菌组合物尤其适合防治谷物(小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、稻、玉米、高粱等),果树(苹果、梨、李子、桃、扁桃、楼桃、香蕉、葡萄、草莓、树莓、黑莓等),柑橘树(柑桔、柠檬类、桔、葡萄柚等),豆类(豆类、豌豆、扁豆、大豆等),蔬菜(菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、茄子、辣椒等),葫芦科(南瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜、瓜类、西瓜类等),含油植物(葵花、油菜、花生、蓖麻、椰子等),烟草,咖啡,茶,可可,甜菜,甘蔗,棉花等作物植物上由致病菌引起的病害。
进一步地,所述的杀菌组合物和/或制剂以有效剂量施用于需要控制的病害或其生长介质上。
相较于现有技术,本发明的技术方案的有益效果在于以下几点:
1)本发明的杀菌组合物对黄瓜白粉病等病害的防治具有明显的增效作用,显著提高了防治效果;
2)相对于单剂,本发明的杀菌组合物可有效减少药剂的使用量及用药次数,降低了防治成本;
3)本发明的杀菌组合物可有效控制致病微生物不产生抗药性,可延长药剂的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案,目的以及优点更加清楚明白,本发明用以下具体实施例进行说明,但本发明可以以各种形式实现而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。下文中己经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,凡是本申请技术方案基础上做出的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
制备例
制备例1:16%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚磺酸酯乳油(1:3)
配方:按重量百分比计,4%氟茚唑菌胺、12%乙嘧酚磺酸酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚12%、苯乙酮15%、N-辛基吡咯烷酮15%、十二烷基苯磺酸钙2%、三甲苯补足余量。
制备方法:按照配方比例,将计量后的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯、溶剂、助溶剂加入到调配釜中搅拌使其溶解,再加入乳化剂,用剩余溶剂补足余量,在搅拌釜中搅拌均匀,过滤后即得产品乳油。
制备例2:20%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚悬浮剂(1:3)
配方:按重量百分比计,5%氟茚唑菌胺、15%乙嘧酚、3%异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚、4%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、2%苯乙烯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、0.25%黄原胶、5%丙三醇、0.1%苯甲酸钠、0.5%硅油,去离子水补足余量;
制备方法:按配方比例,将有效成分氟茚唑菌胺、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂依次置于反应釜中,加水混合均匀,经高速剪切,湿法砂磨,最后匀质过滤即得悬浮剂产品。
制备例3:20%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚水分散粒剂(3:1)
配方:按重量百分记比计,15%氟茚唑菌胺、5%乙嘧酚、8%木质素磺酸盐、5%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、3%十二烷基硫酸钠、5%白炭黑、高岭土补足余量。
制备方法:按实施例配方比例,将活性成分氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚加入载体中,并在其中加入表面活性剂和其他功能性助剂,混合,经气流粉碎后加10~25%的水,然后经捏合、造粒、干燥、筛分制得水分散粒剂产品;或将粉碎过的粉体在沸腾造粒机中喷水、造粒、干燥,之后筛分制得产品。
制备例4:18%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚磺酸酯水乳剂(1:5)
配方:按重量百分比计,3%氟茚唑菌胺、15%乙嘧酚磺酸酯、8%EO-PO嵌段共聚物、22%环己酮、0.1%黄原胶、5%乙二醇、0.5%苯甲酸钠、0.1%有机硅消泡剂,去离子水补足余量。
制备方法:按照配方设计,将表面活性剂、防冻剂、密度调节剂和水混合成水相,然后将氟茚唑菌胺和乙嘧酚磺酸酯用溶剂溶解后在搅拌下加入到水相中,搅拌均匀后,加入增稠剂、防腐剂继续剪切10min,再加入消泡剂搅拌均匀,形成O/W型水乳剂。
制备例5:20%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚磺酸酯乳油(1:1)
配方:按重量百分比计,氟茚唑菌胺10%、乙嘧酚磺酸酯10%、N-甲基吡咯烷酮15%、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚14%、十二烷基苯磺酸钙2%、环己酮20%、环氧大豆油5%、二甲苯补足余量。
制备方法:同制备例1。
制备例6:18%氟茚唑菌胺·乙嘧酚可湿性粉剂(5:1)
配方:按重量百分比计,氟茚唑菌胺15%、乙嘧酚3%、木质素磺酸钠7%、十二烷基苯磺酸钙4%、膨润土补足余量。
制备方法:按配方比例,将活性成分以及分散剂、润湿剂和填料混合,在搅拌釜中均匀搅拌,经气流粉碎机进行多次粉碎混合均匀,即可制成产品可湿性粉剂。
室内生物活性测定试验
实施例1:氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯或乙嘧酚混配对黄瓜白粉病室内活性测定试验
试验依据:试验参照NY/T 1156.6-2006《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第6部分:混配的联合作用测定》;NY/T 1156.11-2008《农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第11部分:防治瓜类白粉病试验盆栽法》。
试验靶标:黄瓜白粉病菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum),菌种取自集团实验室。
供试作物:选用感白粉病的黄瓜品种新泰密刺,盆栽培养至3片真叶期,编号备用。
试验药剂:95%氟茚唑菌胺原药、97%乙嘧酚磺酸酯原药,以上药剂均由海利尔药业集团研发中心提供;、25%乙嘧酚悬浮剂,市售。
药剂配置:氟茚唑菌胺和乙嘧酚磺酸酯原药先用丙酮溶解,再用0.1%的吐温-80水溶液稀释,将25%乙嘧酚悬浮剂用无菌水稀释,根据药剂活性,设置所需系列浓度梯度。
孢子悬浮液制备:用含有吐温-80的水溶液洗脱白粉病发病叶片上的孢子,用双层纱布过滤,配制成孢子浓度为1×105个/mL的悬浮液,备用。
接种与培养:将孢子悬浮液喷雾接种。接种后的试材自然风干,然后移至温室,在温度20℃-24℃的条件下培养7天。
药剂处理:用喷雾法将药剂均匀喷洒于备用的黄瓜苗上,自然晾干。试验设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。每处理3盆,4次重复。
数据调查:根据空白对照发病情况分级调查各处理发病情况,每处理调查30片叶子。
分级标准为:
0级:无病斑;
1级:病斑面积占整个叶面积5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整个叶面积5%~15%;
5级:病斑面积占整个叶面积15%~25%;
7级::病斑面积占整个叶面积25%~50%;
9级:病斑面积占整个叶面积50%以上。
数据统计与分析:
病情指数按公式(1)计算
式中:
X—病情指数;
Ni—各级病叶数;
i—相对级数值;
N—调查总叶数。
防治效果按公式(2)计算
式中:
P——防治效果,单位为%;
CK——空白对照病情指数;
PT——药剂处理病情指数。
参照农药室内生物测定试验准则NY/1156.11-2008,根据孙云沛共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用,即CTC≤80为拮抗作用,80<CTC<120为相加作用,CTC≥120为增效作用,共毒系数(CTC)按式(3)、式(4)、式(5)计算。
式中:
ATI——混剂实测的毒力指数;
S——标准药剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L);
M——混剂的EC50,单位为毫克每升(mg/L)。
TTI=TIA×PA+TIB×PB..........................................(4)
式中:
TTI——混剂的理论毒力指数;
TIA——A药剂的毒力指数;
PA——A药剂在混剂中百分含量,单位为百分率(%);
TIB——B药剂的毒力指数;
PB——B药剂在混剂中百分含量,单位为百分率(%)。
式中:
CTC——共毒系数;
ATI——混剂实测毒力指数;
TTI——混剂理论毒力指数。
试验采用SPSS数据处理系统,对数据进行处理,分别建立毒力回归方程式,计算药剂EC50值和共毒系数。
试验结果见下表。
表1氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯混配对黄瓜白粉病室内活性测定试验
由上表试验结果可知,氟茚唑菌胺对黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力较高,其EC50为2.628mg/L。氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯复配对黄瓜白粉病表现出良好的防治效果。其中,当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比在1:20~20:1的范围内,共毒系数均大于120,联合作用均表现为增效;当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:10~10:1时,其共毒系数大于140,增效作用显著;当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:3时,其共毒系数最大为196.393,增效作用最显著。
表2氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚混配对黄瓜白粉病室内活性测定试验
由上表试验结果可知,氟茚唑菌胺对黄瓜白粉病菌的毒力较高,其EC50为2.730mg/L。氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚复配对黄瓜白粉病表现出良好的防治效果。其中,当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比在1:18~15:1的范围内,共毒系数均大于80,联合作用均表现为增效或相加;当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比为1:18~12:1时,其共毒系数大于120,联合作用表现为增效作用;当氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比为3:1时,其共毒系数最大为207.565,增效作用最显著。
田间药效试验
实施例2:不同药剂防治黄瓜白粉病的田间药效试验
实验地点:陕西省略阳县白石沟乡黄瓜田,试验地点土壤为夹石土,有机质含量1.78%,水肥管理适中。
试验靶标:黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuligenea)。
试验作物、品种及生长情况:黄瓜(津优一号),生长良好。
试验药剂:试验药剂及用药量见下表。
试验设置:各药剂处理的小区按照随机区组分布,小区四周设保护行。每处理4次重复,每小区20m2。采用常规喷雾法,用利农牌HD400型背负式高压喷雾器进行喷雾,将药液均匀喷洒在叶片正反面,做到湿而不滴。
调查与统计方法:始见病斑(2020年4月28日)进行第一次喷药,间隔7天(2020年5月5日)再次施药,总共施药两次。最后一次施药7天和15天后进行发病情况调查。每小区随机取样4点,每点调查2株的全部叶片,每片叶按照病斑占叶面积的百分率进行分级,计算病情指数和防治效果。
分级标准如下:
0级:无病斑;
1级:病斑面积占整叶面积的5%以下;
3级:病斑面积占整叶面积的6%-10%;
5级:病斑面积占整叶面积的11%-20%;
7级:病斑面积占整叶面积的21%-40%;
9级:病斑面积占整叶面积的40%以上。
药效计算方法:
用下式计算病指和防效:
式中:CK—空白对照区施药后病情指数;
PT—药剂处理区施药后病情指数。
试验结果及分析:
表3:不同药剂防治黄瓜白粉病的田间药效试验结果
由上表田间药效实验可知,氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯或乙嘧酚复配对黄瓜白粉病表现出良好的防治效果,各混配处理相较于单剂在用药量减少的情况下,防治效果均有不同程度的提高。
综上所述,通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,可以看出本发明的氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物对植物致病菌有很好的防治效果,且对靶标作物安全,防效显著,在延缓抗药性的产生、延长持效性方面均优于单剂,能够有效降低成本,减少药剂残留。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (13)
1.一种含氟茚唑菌胺的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物包含活性成分A和活性成分B,所述的活性成分A为氟茚唑菌胺,活性成分B为乙嘧酚磺酸酯或乙嘧酚中的任一种;
所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚磺酸酯的质量比为1:20~20:1;
所述的氟茚唑菌胺与乙嘧酚的质量比为1:18~12:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B 为乙嘧酚磺酸酯时,所述活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:10~10:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B乙嘧酚磺酸酯时,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B的质量比为1:5~3:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B为乙嘧酚时,所述的活性成分A与活性成分B 的质量比为1:5~5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物的总重量以100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在杀菌组合物中的含量之和为1~90wt%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物的总重量以100wt%计,所述活性成分A与活性成分B在杀菌组合物中的含量之和为2~80wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物除了包含活性成分外,还包括农业上允许的辅助成分,所述的辅助成分选自润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、载体、溶剂中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物制备成农业上允许的任意一种制剂剂型。
9.根据权利要求8所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的制剂剂型为所述的制剂剂型为固体制剂、液体制剂中的任一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的固体制剂为水分散粒剂或可湿性粉剂,所述的液体制剂为悬浮剂、水乳剂或乳油。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的杀菌组合物和/或其制剂用于防治植物致病菌的用途。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的植物致病菌为禾谷类、蔬菜、水果、观赏植物上的细菌和/或真菌。
13.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的杀菌组合物或制剂以有效剂量施用于需要控制的病害或其生长介质上。
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