CN114709896A - Battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction and charging and discharging control method - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction and charging and discharging control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction and a charging and discharging control method, and belongs to the field of battery energy storage. The system comprises an energy storage system circuit and a battery management subsystem, wherein the energy storage system circuit comprises a plurality of battery modules and a plurality of controllable switch groups corresponding to the battery modules, and each battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomers connected in series and a redundant power supply for balancing; a bypass switch and a series switch are arranged around each single battery and used for connecting the single battery into or bypassing the single battery; the head-to-tail connection parts of two adjacent battery modules are connected through a switch; the switch is connected with the battery management system and used for controlling the on-off of the switch. Every battery module adopts the modular design, and the structure of module is the same, simplifies overall structure greatly for battery is in groups more nimble, is convenient for mass production and whole car application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery energy storage, and particularly relates to a battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction and a charging and discharging control method.
Background
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental problems, electric energy is widely used as a clean energy source. The battery system is widely used as a large energy source of the energy storage system in mobile phones, automobiles, electric bicycles and other electrical appliances. Lithium ion batteries are widely used due to their low self-discharge rate and high energy density. However, the development of lithium ion batteries is seriously hindered by the endurance problem of the battery system and the charging time, and although the endurance problem is being reduced due to the reduction of the price of the lithium ion batteries and the increase of battery modules, the charging time is still a serious disadvantage. Therefore, a key enabling technology for battery systems is the charge and discharge energy storage system, which is mainly in the form of lithium ion batteries.
In order to meet the requirements of discharge capacity and endurance, a plurality of low-voltage and low-capacity single batteries are combined in a series connection or parallel connection mode to form a battery pack, but the whole battery pack can only be charged during charging, and the charging time is prolonged under the same condition. To solve this problem, the charging time is usually reduced by increasing the charging current, which results in increased energy consumption and heat generation, increased requirements for the wires, the charging interface, and the charger, and increased cost and difficulty.
In addition, the conventional battery pack is packaged in a battery pack in a fixed manner, so that dynamic changes and manufacturing differences of a battery unit in the use process cannot be met, and as the number of charging and discharging times increases, the inconsistency of the battery becomes greater and greater, which leads to low energy conversion efficiency and battery life, and even brings about serious safety accidents. Especially when one or more weak cells are present in the battery pack, the service life of the entire battery pack is severely limited during the charging/discharging process.
At present, a reconfigurable battery pack capable of dynamically modifying electrical connection of batteries becomes more and more important, but research on battery reconfiguration is only used for realizing battery equalization and isolating failed batteries, and application in battery charging and discharging scenes is not fully researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction and a charging and discharging control method. In the process of discharging the battery, the battery pack is switched back to the initial configuration, the battery units are in a parallel connection state, the capacity of the battery pack is increased, necessary current and voltage can be provided, and normal operation of each device is guaranteed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction, which comprises an energy storage system circuit and a battery management subsystem;
the energy storage system circuit comprises a plurality of battery modules and a plurality of controllable switch groups corresponding to the battery modules, wherein each battery module is formed by connecting a plurality of battery monomers and a redundant battery in series, and each controllable switch group comprises a series switch, a first parallel switch and a second parallel switch;
the positive electrode port of the battery module is connected with the first parallel switch in series to form a battery-switch module; the negative port of the battery-switch module is connected with the positive port of the next battery-switch module through a series switch, the positive port of the battery-switch module is connected with the positive port of the next battery-switch module, and the negative port of the battery-switch module is connected with the negative port of the next battery-switch module through a second parallel switch; the total positive port of the energy storage system circuit is connected with the positive port of each battery-switch module; the total negative port of the energy storage system circuit is connected with the negative port of the Nth battery-switch module;
the battery management subsystem, comprising:
the information acquisition module is used for acquiring voltage and current information of each battery module or battery monomer in the charging and discharging process of the battery;
the communication module is used for transmitting the voltage and current information acquired by the information acquisition module to the state decision module;
the state decision module is used for calculating the SOC value of the corresponding battery module or the battery monomer according to the voltage and current information, analyzing whether the current battery needs to be in a charging or discharging state, making a decision and transmitting decision information to the switch signal control module;
and the switch signal control module is used for controlling the operation of the controllable switch group according to the decision information.
Preferably, a bypass switch and an access switch are arranged around each single battery, and the bypass switch and the access switch are connected in series and then connected to two sides of the single battery in parallel; and the connection point of the bypass switch and the access switch is connected with the positive electrode of the next battery monomer.
Preferably, each battery module has a redundant power supply, and similarly, a switch system formed by connecting an access switch and a bypass switch in series is also connected in parallel around the redundant battery, and the parameters of the redundant power supply are the same as those of a normal battery monomer, except that the connection point of the bypass switch and the access switch is connected with the negative electrode of the battery module.
The invention also discloses a charge and discharge control method adopting the reconstruction-based battery charge and discharge system, which comprises the following steps:
periodically acquiring voltage and current parameters of the battery monomer;
when the charging gun is detected, the series switch is conducted, and the battery module is switched to a series charging mode;
when the battery pile body is detected to be in a discharging state, the parallel switch is conducted, and the battery module is switched to a parallel discharging mode;
when the current state of neither charging nor discharging is detected, the control switch enables the battery to be in an initial standing state.
Preferably, when the charging gun is detected, the series switch is turned on, the battery module is switched to the series charging mode, and the control method comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the SOC of the battery monomer according to the acquired voltage and current parameters;
2) sorting the batteries according to the SOC value, wherein the battery sequence is B1,B2,B3……BnFinding out the minimum SOC value and recording it as SOCmin；
3) When | SOCi-SOCminIf | < e, (i ═ 1, i + +), the access switch is continuously conducted, otherwise, the battery unit/monomer is bypassed; continuously detecting the SOC value of the current battery monomer i, comparing the SOC value with the minimum SOC value, and if the SOC value satisfies | SOCi-SOCminIf < e, the access switch is continuously conducted, otherwise, the battery unit/monomer is bypassed;
when i is equal to n, balancing T time till the end of balancing, and balancing B battery cell at T timeiThe SOC variation of (1) is:
ΔSOCBi＝SOCBn-SOCBi
in the formula, SOCBn、SOCBiRespectively represent the battery monomer B with the maximum SOCnWith other cells BiThe SOC value at time 0;
4) judging whether the battery pack finishes the charging requirement, if so, controlling the switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode, and if not, continuing to charge;
6) and repeating the steps 1) to 5) until the charging is finished.
Further preferably, at the time of charging the battery, the charging is suspended when the following conditions are satisfied: and the battery charging system is fully charged, or the user operates the charging pile to stop charging.
Preferably, when it is detected that the battery pile is in a discharging state, the parallel switch is turned on, the battery module is switched to a parallel discharging mode, and the control method includes the following steps:
1) calculating the SOC of the battery monomer according to the acquired voltage and current parameters;
2) judging whether the SOC of the battery in the battery module m is inconsistent, if so, continuing to discharge, if not, finding out the battery monomer with the minimum SOC in the battery module, and recording BminOpening the bypass switch of the single battery with the minimum SOC to connect the redundant power supply BmOther single batteries are connected into the circuit until the T moment is balanced;
at time T, the SOC value change condition of the redundant power supply is:
in the formula, QBmFor m redundant power supplies B in battery modulemThe capacity of (a); i isOuTThe current provided by the battery module for the load has a negative sign, and the delta SOC is obtained at the momentBmNegative indicates that the redundant power supply SOC value decreases;
3) judging whether the battery pack completes the discharge requirement, controlling the switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode if the battery pack completes the discharge requirement, and otherwise, continuing to discharge;
4) and continuously circulating the steps 1) to 3) until the discharge is finished.
Further preferably, when the battery is discharged, the discharge is suspended when the following conditions are satisfied: the battery pack reaches a discharge cutoff voltage, or the user operation stops discharging.
Further preferably, when one of the battery modules m is normally powered, the redundant power supply B is removedmBesides, all the batteries are discharged by the load, and the voltage provided by the battery module for the load is as follows:
in the formula of Um,outThe voltage of the module m;
the sum of the voltages of the 2 nd battery cell to the nth battery cell in the module m is obtained; u shapem1The voltage of the first battery cell in the module m;
when for battery Bm1When balancing is performed, the voltage provided by the module m for the load is as follows:
in formula (II) U'm,outThe voltage magnitude when the module m is balanced;
the sum of the voltages of the 2 nd battery cell to the nth battery cell in the module m is obtained; u shapemIs the voltage of the redundant cells in the module.
When satisfied, Um1＝UmThen U ism,out＝U'm,out。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction, which comprises an energy storage system circuit and a battery management subsystem, wherein the energy storage system circuit comprises a plurality of battery modules and a plurality of controllable switch groups corresponding to the battery modules, and each battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomers connected in series and a redundant power supply for balancing; a bypass switch and a series switch are arranged around each single battery and are used for connecting the single battery into or bypassing the single battery; the head-tail connection parts of two adjacent battery modules are connected through a switch; the switch is connected with the battery management system and used for controlling the on-off of the switch. Every battery module adopts the modular design, and the structure of module is the same, simplifies overall structure greatly for battery is in groups more nimble, is convenient for mass production and whole car application.
According to the control method based on the battery charging and discharging system, through the thought of 'series charging and parallel discharging', on one hand, on the premise that the charging current is not increased in the charging process, the charging time is shortened through increasing the voltage, the problems of overheating and loss of the lithium ion battery caused by large-current charging are reduced, and the requirement of large capacity is met in the discharging process; on the other hand, the balance of the battery pack is realized by adopting a reconstruction technology, the balance is realized and the load terminal voltage is better maintained by adding a redundant power supply method during the discharge of the battery, and the reconfigurable battery pack is applied to a quick charging scene, thereby playing an important role in the development of the battery reconstruction technology in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a reconfigurable control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a topological diagram of a reconfigurable charge-discharge control system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a reconfigurable battery topology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified topology diagram of a reconfigurable battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparative simulation model of series and parallel charging of battery packs in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a simulation waveform illustrating charge contrast in an embodiment of the present invention
In the figure: the system comprises 1-a battery monomer, 2-a battery module, 3-a first parallel switch/a safety switch, 4-a series switch, 5-a second parallel switch, 6-an information acquisition module, 7-a communication module, 8-a state decision module, 9-a switch signal control, 10-a bypass switch, 11-an access switch and 12-a redundant power supply.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the present embodiment provides a flow chart of a reconfigurable control method, as shown in fig. 1:
(1) periodically acquiring parameters such as voltage, current and the like of the battery monomer;
(2) detecting the current state of the battery;
(3) when the charging gun is detected, the series switch 4 is switched on, and the battery pack is switched to a series charging mode;
(3.1) the information acquisition module 6 acquires relevant parameters such as voltage, current and the like of the single battery, and transmits the acquired information to the state decision module 8 through the communication module 7;
(3.2) the state decision module 8 calculates the SOC of the battery monomers, sorts the batteries from small to large according to the SOC, and sorts the batteries according to the order B1,B2,B3……BnSorting, finding out the minimum SOC value, and recording as SOCmin；
(3.3) when | SOCi-SOCmin|<e, (i ═ 1, i + +), the access switch is continuously turned on, otherwise, the battery unit/monomer is bypassed, the step is continuously circulated, and when i ═ n, the balancing T moment is carried out until the balancing is finished;
wherein, the battery monomer B at the T momentiThe SOC variation of (1) is:
ΔSOCBi＝SOCBn-SOCBi
in the formula SOCBn、SOCBiRespectively represent the battery monomer B with the maximum SOCnWith other cells BiThe SOC value at time 0.
(3.4) judging whether the battery pack finishes the charging requirement, controlling a switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode if the battery pack finishes the charging requirement, and otherwise, continuing to charge;
(3.5) continuously cycling (3.1) - (3.4) until the charging is finished;
assuming that the SOC values of the battery cells during the charging process are as shown in table 1 below, since the three battery modules are in a parallel state when not being charged, the average SOC values of the three battery modules are substantially the same, and the uniformity is good.
TABLE 1
Assuming that the batteries are charged in the same charging time and the charged electric quantity is the same in the charging process, according to the control method, when the charging is started, the minimum SOC value is found to be 10%, so B11、B1、B31、B3The access switch of (2) is conducted, and the bypass switches of the other batteries are conducted; continuing to charge, and when the SOC values of the four single batteries reach 12 percent, B11、B14、B31、B3And B21、B22、B23、B2、B33The access switch is turned on, the other battery monomers are bypassed, the battery pack continues to be charged, and the like, until all the battery monomers are charged to the state of charge (SOC) value of 15%, and at the moment, all the battery monomers are accessed into the circuit. On one hand, the method can effectively reduce the influence of the inconsistency of the battery on the charging current of the battery, on the other hand, the voltage of the battery pack is improved, and the method is favorable for reducing the inconsistency of the battery pack and improving the charging speed.
(4) If the battery state is detected to be in the discharge state, the parallel switch 3/5 is turned on, and the battery module 1 is in the parallel discharge mode;
(4.1) the information acquisition module 6 acquires relevant parameters such as voltage, current and the like of the single battery, and transmits the acquired information to the state decision module 8 through the communication module 7;
(4.2) the state decision module 8 calculates the SOC value of the battery monomer 1 in the corresponding battery module 2, judges whether the SOC of the battery in the battery module m is inconsistent, and continues to discharge if the SOC of the battery in the battery module m is consistent; if the inconsistency occurs, finding the battery cell 1 with the minimum SOC in the module, and recording BminTurning on a bypass switch 10, and connecting a redundant power supply 12 and other single batteries 1 into the circuit until the balance is finished at the moment T;
at time T, the SOC value change condition of the redundant power supply is:
in the formula, QBmFor m redundant power supplies B of battery modulemThe capacity of (a); i isOUTThe current provided by the battery module for the load has a negative sign, and the delta SOC is obtained at the momentBmIn order to indicate that the SOC value of the redundant power supply is reduced negatively, the battery B should be usedm1For supplying power to the load, while from battery BmIt can thus be understood that during this time, battery B is indirectly elevatedm1The SOC value of the system is balanced;
(4.3) judging whether the battery pack finishes the discharging requirement, controlling a switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode if the battery pack finishes the discharging requirement, and otherwise, continuing discharging;
(4.4) continuously cycling (4.1) - (4.3) until the discharge is finished;
assuming that the SOC value of each cell at the start of the discharge process is as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
At the initial discharge time 0, an inconsistency occurred in the module 1, and the battery B11Is lower than the other two cells, so that battery B11The bypass switch is conducted, and the redundant power supply B of the module 1 is connected1The access switch is turned on, at which time the battery B1Substitute for battery B11The power is supplied to the load, the voltage of the load end does not fluctuate greatly and the internal balance of the modules is realized, and the modules can be self-balanced because the battery modules are in a parallel state; when the module 1 discharges to 80% SOC, the equalization process ends, B11Is turned on again, the redundant battery B1Bypassed and the cell continues to discharge normally.
(5) And if the battery is detected not to be charged or discharged at present, controlling the switch to enable the battery to be in an initial standing state.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention is a topology diagram of a reconfigurable battery charging and discharging system, which includes an energy storage system circuit and a battery management subsystem;
the energy storage system comprises a battery monomer 1, a battery module 2 and a controllable switch group, wherein the battery module 2 is formed by connecting a plurality of battery monomers in series and parallel, each controllable switch group is formed by a series switch 4 and a first parallel switch 3/5 and a second parallel switch 3/5 and is used for controlling the battery modules to be in a series state or a parallel state.
The battery management subsystem is used for acquiring voltage and current information of the battery, calculating a corresponding SOC value, generating a battery pack reconfiguration control decision and reconfiguring the battery pack according to the battery pack reconfiguration control decision.
Specifically, the series switch 4 is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the two battery modules and is used for controlling whether the corresponding battery module is connected in series with other modules;
the parallel switches 3/5 are connected in series with the battery modules, one between the cathodes of the two battery modules for controlling whether the battery module is connected in parallel with the other battery modules. The first parallel switch 3 also functions as a safety switch for disconnecting a failed or dangerous battery module during the discharge process.
The battery management subsystem comprises an information acquisition module 6, a communication module 7, a state decision module 8 and a switch signal control module 9;
the information acquisition module 6 is mainly used for acquiring voltage and current information of a battery unit/monomer in the charging and discharging process of the battery;
the communication module 7 transmits the acquired data information such as voltage and current to the state decision module;
the state decision module 8 calculates the SOC value of the corresponding battery unit/cell according to the voltage and current information, and analyzes whether the current battery needs to be in a charging or discharging state to obtain a battery pack reconfiguration control decision, and transmits the decision information to the switch signal control module 9;
the switch signal control module 9 controls the on/off of the switch by receiving the information transmitted by the state decision module, so as to realize the series-parallel switching of the battery pack and realize the access and bypass of the battery unit/monomer;
the working principle of realizing quick charging in the invention is as follows:
since E ═ P × t, the higher the charging power, the faster the charging speed, with constant energy. And P-U I, increasing power without changing the charging current means that the battery voltage needs to be increased. In the invention, a reconfigurable battery pack architecture is adopted, and the parallel battery packs are switched into series connection by dynamically changing the connection mode of the battery packs, so that the voltage of the battery packs is improved to achieve the purpose of reducing the charging time.
One specific example is given below:
fig. 3 is a discharging and charging topological diagram of a reconfigurable battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes three battery modules and 12 battery cells, where the battery module includes 3 battery cells and a redundant power supply, and the battery cell 1 and the redundant power supply 12 are controlled by two switches to be connected to a bypass, which are a bypass switch 10 and an access switch 11 respectively;
fig. 4 a is a topology diagram of the discharging process, during which the parallel switch 3/5 and the access switch 11 are turned on/off, assuming that the battery cell B in the first module is turned on/off11Is small, so B11The bypassed redundant battery of the module 1 is accessed, other modules are normally discharged (the redundant battery 12 is bypassed), and the battery pack is in a battery connection method of 3 series-parallel batteries, namely 3 battery monomers connected in series form a battery module, and the three battery modules are connected in parallel. The voltage of the battery pack at this time is approximately three times the cell voltage. It should be noted that each battery cell has two switches, namely a bypass switch 10 and an access switch 11, where the bypass switch 10 is used to bypass the battery cell, and the access switch 11 is used to access the battery cell to the battery pack.
In fig. 4B is a topological diagram of the charging process, in the charging process, the series switch 4 is turned on to convert the parallel connection of the 3 battery modules into the series connection, the access switch 11 is turned on/off to enable the single battery to be accessed into the circuit/bypass, and the battery B in the diagram32Side of quiltAnd the rest battery monomers are connected into the circuit, the whole battery pack is in an 11-string 1-parallel state, the voltage of the battery pack is about 11 times of the voltage of the battery monomers, and the voltage of the battery pack is increased.
Generally, for the reconfiguration-based charging system and method provided by the present invention, the connection of the battery cells inside the battery module is generally complex, so the embodiment is simplified, the simplified topology structure is shown in fig. 5, and the battery module 2 is formed by connecting four battery cells 1 in series. The simplified topological structure can still meet the requirement of 'serial charging and parallel discharging', and the design requirement of the invention is met. However, it should be noted that the internal inconsistency of the battery module needs to be balanced in the battery pack by using active/passive balancing.
To verify that increasing the voltage, which is a shorter time for charging the battery packs in series than charging the battery packs in parallel, can reduce the charging time, referring to fig. 6, simulation of charging the battery packs in series and in parallel is performed using SIMULINK in MATLAB, where the SOC of the first battery module is set to 70%, the SOC of the second battery module is set to 50%, and the SOC of the third battery module is set to 30%, the simulation waveforms are compared in an oscilloscope, and referring to fig. 6, when the battery packs are in series, the battery modules having 70% of SOC are fully charged at about 1500s, the battery modules having 50% of SOC are charged at about 90% at 2000s, and the battery modules having 30% of SOC are charged at about 70%, and thus it can be seen that a time of about 0.02s can increase the SOC by about 1%; when the battery packs are connected in parallel, the battery modules with 70% of SOC are charged very slowly, and basically at about 70% at 2000s, the battery modules with 50% of SOC are charged to about 62%, and the battery modules with 30% of SOC are charged to about 57%, which is because the inconsistency of the battery packs causes the high-energy battery to discharge to the low-energy battery in the charging process, so that the high-energy battery is charged slowly, and the whole charging time is shortened, therefore, when the battery modules are connected in parallel, the charging speed of the battery is very slow, and the requirement of quick charging cannot be met. The parallel battery pack is converted into the series battery pack through reconstruction, so that the voltage is improved, the charging time is reduced, and the requirement of quick charging is met.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery charging and discharging system based on reconstruction is characterized by comprising an energy storage system circuit and a battery management subsystem;
the energy storage system circuit comprises a plurality of battery modules and a plurality of controllable switch groups corresponding to the battery modules, wherein each battery module is formed by connecting a plurality of battery monomers and a redundant battery in series, and each controllable switch group comprises a series switch, a first parallel switch and a second parallel switch;
the positive electrode port of the battery module is connected with the first parallel switch in series to form a battery-switch module; the negative port of the battery-switch module is connected with the positive port of the next battery-switch module through the series switch, the positive port of the battery-switch module is connected with the positive port of the next battery-switch module, and the negative port of the battery-switch module is connected with the negative port of the next battery-switch module through the second parallel switch; the total positive port of the energy storage system circuit is connected with the positive port of each battery-switch module; the total negative port of the energy storage system circuit is connected with the negative port of the Nth battery-switch module;
the battery management subsystem, comprising:
the information acquisition module is used for acquiring voltage and current information of each battery module or battery monomer in the charging and discharging process of the battery;
the communication module is used for transmitting the voltage and current information acquired by the information acquisition module to the state decision module;
the state decision module is used for calculating the SOC value of the corresponding battery module or the battery monomer according to the voltage and current information, analyzing whether the current battery needs to be in a charging or discharging state, making a decision and transmitting decision information to the switch signal control module;
and the switch signal control module is used for controlling the operation of the controllable switch group according to the decision information.
2. The battery charge-discharge system based on reconfiguration according to claim 1, characterized in that a bypass switch and an access switch are present around each battery cell, the bypass switch and the access switch are connected in series and then connected in parallel to both sides of the battery cell; the connection point of the bypass switch and the access switch is connected with the positive electrode of the next battery monomer.
3. The reconfiguration-based battery charge and discharge system according to claim 2, wherein each battery module has a redundant power supply, and a switch system formed by connecting an access switch and a bypass switch in series is connected in parallel around the redundant power supply, and a connection point of the bypass switch and the access switch is connected to a negative electrode of the battery module.
4. The reconfiguration-based battery charge and discharge system according to claim 3, wherein the parameters of the redundant power supply are the same as the normal battery cells.
5. The charge and discharge control method of the battery charge and discharge system based on the reconfiguration as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
periodically acquiring voltage and current parameters of the single battery;
when the charging gun is detected, the series switch is conducted, and the battery module is switched to a series charging mode;
when the battery pile body is detected to be in a discharging state, the parallel switch is conducted, and the battery module is switched to a parallel discharging mode;
when the current state is detected to be in a non-charging or non-discharging state, the switch is controlled to enable the battery to be in an initial standing state.
6. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, wherein when the charging gun is detected, the series switch is turned on, and the battery module is switched to the series charging mode, the control method comprising the steps of:
1) calculating the SOC of the battery monomer according to the acquired voltage and current parameters;
2) sorting the batteries according to the size of the SOC value, wherein the battery sequence is B1,B2,B3……BnFinding out the minimum SOC value and recording it as SOCmin；
3) When | SOCi-SOCmin|<e, (i ═ 1, i + +), then the access switch is continuously turned on, otherwise the battery unit/cell is bypassed; continuously detecting the SOC value of the current battery monomer i, comparing the SOC value with the minimum SOC value, and if the SOC value satisfies | SOCi-SOCmin|<e, the access switch is continuously conducted, otherwise, the battery unit/monomer is bypassed;
when i is equal to n, balancing T time till the end of balancing, and balancing B battery cell at T timeiThe SOC variation of (1) is:
ΔSOCBi＝SOCBn-SOCBi
in the formula, SOCBn、SOCBiRespectively represent the battery monomer B with the maximum SOCnWith other cells BiThe SOC value at time 0;
4) judging whether the battery pack completes the charging requirement, if so, controlling a switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode, otherwise, continuing to charge;
6) and repeating the steps 1) to 5) until the charging is finished.
7. The charge-discharge control method according to claim 6, characterized in that at the time of charging the battery, the charging is suspended when the following conditions are satisfied: and the battery charging system is fully charged, or the user operates the charging pile to stop charging.
8. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, wherein when the battery pile is detected to be in a discharge state, the parallel switch is turned on, and the battery module is switched to a parallel discharge mode, the control method comprising the following steps:
1) calculating the SOC of the battery monomer according to the acquired voltage and current parameters;
2) judging whether the SOC of the battery in the battery module m is inconsistent, if so, continuing to discharge, if not, finding out the battery monomer with the minimum SOC in the battery module, and recording BminOpening the bypass switch of the single battery with the minimum SOC to connect the redundant power supply BmOther single batteries are connected into the circuit until the T moment for balancing is finished;
at time T, the SOC value change condition of the redundant power supply is:
in the formula, QBmFor m redundant power supplies B in battery modulemThe capacity of (a); i isOUTThe current provided by the battery module to the load has a negative sign, and the delta SOC is obtainedBmThe negative value represents that the SOC value of the redundant power supply is reduced;
3) judging whether the battery pack completes the discharge requirement, controlling the switch to enable the battery to be in a standing mode if the battery pack completes the discharge requirement, and otherwise, continuing to discharge;
4) and continuously circulating the steps 1) to 3) until the discharge is finished.
9. The charge-discharge control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, at the time of discharge of the battery, the discharge is suspended when the following conditions are satisfied: the battery pack reaches a discharge cutoff voltage, or the user operation stops discharging.
10. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 8, wherein when one of the battery modules m is normally powered, the redundant power supply B is removedmBesides, all the batteries are discharged by the load, and the voltage provided by the battery module for the load is as follows:
in the formula of Um,outThe voltage of module m is largeSmall;
the sum of the voltages of the 2 nd battery cell to the nth battery cell in the module m is obtained; u shapem1The voltage of the first battery cell in the module m;
when for battery Bm1When balancing is performed, the voltage provided by the module m for the load is as follows:
in formula (II) U'm,outThe voltage magnitude when the module m is balanced;
the sum of the voltages of the 2 nd battery cell to the nth battery cell in the module m is obtained; u shapemThe voltage of the redundant battery monomer in the module;
when satisfied, Um1＝UmThen U is determinedm,out＝U'm,out。
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