CN114709610B - Broadband dual-polarized tightly-coupled antenna unit and array - Google Patents

Broadband dual-polarized tightly-coupled antenna unit and array Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114709610B
CN114709610B CN202210503697.9A CN202210503697A CN114709610B CN 114709610 B CN114709610 B CN 114709610B CN 202210503697 A CN202210503697 A CN 202210503697A CN 114709610 B CN114709610 B CN 114709610B
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dielectric layer
layer
metal
polarized
dipole
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CN114709610A (en
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吴文
周松照
宗志园
龙勋鹏
张广兴
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna unit and an array, wherein the unit sequentially comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a fifth dielectric layer, a sixth dielectric layer, a metal floor and an unbalanced feed structure, wherein a first circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the third dielectric layer, which is close to the second dielectric layer; a second circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the fourth medium layer, which is close to the third medium layer; a third circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the fifth medium layer, which is close to the fourth medium layer; a fourth circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the sixth dielectric layer, which is close to the fifth dielectric layer; the unbalanced feed structure includes a coaxial connector and two pairs of ground metal vias. According to the invention, through optimizing the vibrator shape and the feed structure, the standing wave ratio at normal incidence is smaller than 1.4 in the frequency band of 4-12GHz, the standing wave ratio at the E face/H face scanning to +/-45 DEG is smaller than 2/2.5, the standing wave ratio of all ports at normal incidence after array combination is smaller than 2.5, and the full frequency band matching is good.

Description

Broadband dual-polarized tightly-coupled antenna unit and array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of broadband array antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband dual-polarized tightly coupled antenna unit and an array.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the requirements of information data transmission rate are higher and higher, and according to shannon theorem of wireless data transmission, the channel capacity of a communication system is proportional to the system bandwidth, which means that the bandwidth requirements of the communication system are wider and wider. Meanwhile, considering that the dual-polarized antenna can radiate or receive a plurality of pairs of electromagnetic waves in a specific polarization direction, full duplex operation and frequency multiplexing functions can be realized, and the orthogonal polarization mode is beneficial to obtaining higher cross polarization level, so that the multipath attenuation problem is relieved, and the communication quality is enhanced. At present, the broadband dual-polarized antenna is widely applied to various fields of civil affairs, military affairs and the like.
The conventional broadband antenna mainly comprises: (1) a frequency independent antenna; (2) Vivaldi antennas; (3) wideband printed slot antennas, etc. The antennas have the problems of large volume, high manufacturing cost, complex manufacturing and the like. In 2003, munk teaches a novel broadband antenna structure, a tightly coupled antenna array (Tightly Coupled Dipole Array, TCDA), and the core idea is to fully utilize coupling between array elements to widen the bandwidth.
In designing a tightly coupled antenna, a broadband balun structure is often required to be introduced between a feed port and a dipole in order to balance feed, which results in complex feed structure, high antenna section and complex processing. In the existing searchable literature, the problem of port mismatch caused by the cutoff effect of the edge vibrators after the tightly coupled vibrator array is not fully studied and discussed.
For example, in 2020, cui Xuewu et al, in a patent (application number: CN 202010520723.4) entitled "a low-profile wide-bandwidth angle tight-coupling antenna unit and array", a feed structure with microstrip line aperture coupling is adopted, so that an active standing-wave ratio <2 is satisfied in the 4-8GHz band. The structure avoids adopting a complex broadband balun structure, has a simple structure and realizes a low profile. But the bandwidth of the antenna structure is not very wide, and a plurality of frequency bands are difficult to cover.
For example, in 2019, cang Yongdong et al published a patent (application number: CN201910861174. X) entitled "a VHF band tightly coupled planar dipole array antenna," which is to realize that the antenna satisfies an active standing wave of less than 3 in the frequency band of 100-350MHz, and the antenna profile height is 0.1 low frequency wavelength. Particularly, in order to improve the edge cutting effect, the oscillator arm of the edge unit positioned at one side of the edge is prolonged, and the resistor is connected in series with the extension part of the oscillator arm, so that the active standing wave ratio of the edge oscillator in the frequency band of 100-350MHz after the array is realized is less than 2.3. The antenna has a simple structure and a lower profile, but an active device is adopted when the problem of edge truncation is solved, so that the bandwidth is greatly limited, and the method is only suitable for the condition that the dipole phase centers are consistent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband dual-polarized tightly coupled antenna unit which is good in impedance matching, simple in structure and easy to process.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna unit sequentially comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth dielectric layer, a fifth dielectric layer, a sixth dielectric layer, a metal floor and an unbalanced feed structure, wherein a first circuit layer is arranged on one surface, close to the second dielectric layer, of the third dielectric layer, and the first circuit layer comprises a dual-polarized oscillator unit; a second circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the fourth medium layer, which is close to the third medium layer, and comprises a metal coupling wafer and a first metal patch structure for feed optimization; a third circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the fifth medium layer, which is close to the fourth medium layer; a fourth circuit layer is arranged on one surface of the sixth dielectric layer, which is close to the fifth dielectric layer; the third circuit layer and the fourth circuit layer have the same structure and each comprise a second metal patch structure for feed optimization; the unbalanced feed structure comprises a coaxial connector and two pairs of grounding metal through holes, wherein the coaxial connector penetrates through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer and the metal floor, and the two pairs of grounding metal through holes penetrate through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer.
Preferably, the dual-polarized vibrator unit is two pairs of vibrator arms perpendicular to each other, each vibrator arm extends a section of branch along 45 degrees at two sides of the tail end to optimize low-frequency matching, and the extension lengths of the two sections of branch of each vibrator arm are different.
Preferably, the metal coupling wafer is positioned below the drop feet of the two pairs of mutually perpendicular vibrator arms.
Preferably, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer and the metal floor have the same cross section shape and are rectangular; the cross sections of the fourth dielectric layer, the fifth dielectric layer and the sixth dielectric layer are the same, and are all cross-shaped.
Preferably, the first metal patch structure is two hexagons.
Preferably, the second metal patch structure includes two hexagons, and a rectangle corresponding to the two hexagons.
Preferably, the coaxial connector penetrates through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer and the metal floor from the left vibrator arm of the horizontal dipole or/and the upper vibrator arm of the vertical dipole, and the vibrator arm and the rectangle of the second metal patch structure are connected with the inner conductor of the coaxial connector.
Preferably, the two pairs of grounding metal through holes penetrate through the third to sixth dielectric layers from the array arms at the periphery of the two pairs of vibrator arms respectively, and hexagons of the vibrator arms, the first metal patch structure and the second metal patch structure are all connected with the inner conductor of the coaxial connector.
The invention also provides a broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna array, which comprises broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna units which are arranged in an MxN matrix, wherein M, N is a natural number, redundant vibrators without feed structures are added on the periphery of the array to enable the array to form a complete grid structure, metal through holes are added at the tail ends of the edge working vibrators to connect vibrator arms with metal coupling wafers, and metal short-circuit posts are added at the tail ends of the redundant vibrators at the central positions of the edges to connect the redundant vibrators with a metal floor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the feed structure is simple, and the good matching performance of the broadband is realized;
2. the antenna integral structure is produced by adopting a PCB process, is easy to process, is stable and reliable, and has wide application scene; 3. the method for relieving the edge truncation effect is simple and effective and has universality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a full view of a broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna element.
Fig. 2 is a layered schematic diagram of the antenna element circuit layers.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of two pairs of orthogonally distributed dipoles of an antenna element.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional shape of the antenna elements after fourth to sixth dielectric layer elements are assembled.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element feed structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element optimized feed metal patch.
Fig. 7 is a standing wave ratio of a wideband dual polarized tightly coupled antenna infinite period model at a normal angle and a 45 ° scan angle.
Fig. 8 is an infinite period model of a broadband dual polarized tightly coupled antenna with standing wave ratios at normal angles and 45 scan angles after the feed optimized metal patches are removed.
Fig. 9 is a full view of a 4 x 4 broadband dual polarized tightly coupled antenna array.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a 4×4 broadband dual-polarized tightly coupled antenna array dipole arrangement, where the black element is a working element with a feed structure and the gray element is a redundant element without a feed structure.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of metal vias for a 4 x 4 broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna array to mitigate edge effects.
Fig. 12 shows the active standing wave ratio of each port when the 4×4 broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna array excites all the vertical 16 pairs of vibrators.
Fig. 13 is a diagram of a 4 x 4 broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna array at 4GHz, 8GHz and 12 GHz.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
it should be noted first that, in the description of the present application, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, a broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna unit sequentially comprises a first dielectric layer (11), a second dielectric layer (12), a first circuit layer (21), a third dielectric layer (13), a second circuit layer (22), a fourth dielectric layer (14), a third circuit layer (23), a fifth dielectric layer (15), a fourth circuit layer (24), a sixth dielectric layer (16), a metal floor (17) and an unbalanced feed structure (3) from top to bottom.
The first circuit layer (21) comprises a dual-polarized oscillator unit, specifically, the dual-polarized oscillator unit comprises two pairs of oscillator arms (211) which are mutually perpendicular, each oscillator arm extends a section of branch along 45 degrees at two sides of the tail end to optimize low-frequency matching, the two sections of branch extend in different lengths, and the lengths are respectively adjusted to balance port isolation performance and polarization isolation of the antenna; the directions are orthogonal to achieve dual polarization performance.
The second circuit layer (22) includes a metal coupling wafer (221) and a first metal patch structure (222) for feed optimization. A metal coupling wafer (221) is located below the ends of the transducers to increase coupling between adjacent transducers.
The third circuit layer (23) and the fourth circuit layer (24) have the same structure and comprise a second metal patch structure (231) optimized by feeding, and the structure helps to uniformly feed and stabilize the electromagnetic environment;
the unbalanced feed structure (3) comprises a coaxial connector (311) and two pairs of ground metal vias (312). The coaxial connector is positioned on the left vibrator arm of the horizontal dipole/the upper vibrator arm of the vertical dipole and penetrates through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer and the metal floor. The two pairs of grounding metal through holes (312) are positioned on the right oscillator arm of the horizontal dipole/the lower oscillator arm of the vertical dipole and penetrate through the third microwave medium layer to the sixth microwave medium layer.
Further, the first dielectric layer (11) has a height of 0.813mm and a dielectric constant of 3.55;
further, the second dielectric layer (12) has a height of 4mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2;
further, the third dielectric layer (13) has a height of 0.254mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2;
further, the fourth dielectric layer (14) has a height of 2mm and a dielectric constant of 2.55;
further, the fifth dielectric layer (15) has a height of 0.813mm and a dielectric constant of 3.55;
further, the sixth dielectric layer (16) has a height of 2mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2;
as shown in fig. 3, the total length l3=10.5 mm of the vibrator arm (211), the length l1=4.1 mm of the extending branch at the tail end of the vibrator arm, l2=4.53 mm. According to the PCB process, the etching precision is 0.1mm, and the small angle is cut off at the tail end of the vibrator so as to meet the processing requirement.
As shown in fig. 4, the cross-sectional views of the fourth dielectric layer (14), the fifth dielectric layer (15) and the sixth dielectric layer (16) after unit and group are shown, and all three dielectric layers are partially dug. L6=3.9mm, l7=10.7mm in the unit structure; and after the array is assembled, the whole body is hollow.
As shown in fig. 5, the coaxial connector (311) is located on the left dipole arm of the horizontal dipole/the upper dipole arm of the vertical dipole, penetrates through the third to sixth dielectric layers and the metal floor, and the dipole arms are connected with the inner conductors of the coaxial connector. The grounded metal through holes (312, 32) comprise two pairs of metalized through holes, are positioned on the right vibrator arm of the horizontal dipole/the lower vibrator arm of the vertical dipole, penetrate through the third to sixth microwave dielectric layers and are connected with the metal floor. Both metallized through holes are connected with the vibrator arm and are positioned on the same horizontal line/vertical line. The feed of the dipole antenna element requires differential feed (also known as balanced feed) while the coaxial transmission line is unbalanced, which may cause common mode resonance in the operating frequency band, affecting the antenna performance. The common mode resonance can then be shifted outside the operating band by introducing a grounded metal via. Compared with the common gradual change balun, the structure is simple, easy to process, stable and reliable.
As shown in fig. 7, the feeding optimized metal patch structure (222, 231) in fig. 6 is introduced, the infinite period model of the broadband dual-polarized tightly coupled antenna has standing wave ratio of less than 1.4 at normal angle, standing wave ratio of less than 2 at E-plane and standing wave ratio of less than 2.5 at 45-degree scanning angle, and the full-band and large-angle matching is good. Compared with standing wave ratio of the antenna infinite period model under normal angle and 45-degree scanning angle after the feeding optimization metal patch (222, 231) is removed in fig. 8, the feeding optimization metal patch (222, 231) has obvious medium-high frequency optimization effect. The feeding structure and the optimized feeding metal patch structure are simple in structure, and meanwhile resonance points brought by common mode resonance in an operating frequency band are removed by utilizing the grounding metal through holes, so that uniform feeding is assisted by the metal patch structure, and good matching characteristic of the full operating frequency band is achieved.
Example 2
A broadband dual polarized tightly coupled antenna array is comprised of 4 x 4 antenna elements as shown in fig. 9. With reference to fig. 10 to 11, redundant vibrators without feed structures are added around the array to form a complete grid structure. Meanwhile, a metal through hole (41) is added at the tail end of the edge working oscillator, the oscillator arm (211) and the metal coupling wafer (221) are connected, and a metal short-circuit column (42) is added at the tail end of the redundancy oscillator at the central position of the edge to connect the redundancy oscillator and the metal floor (17), so that the problem of mismatch of ports of the edge working oscillator caused by edge cutting-off effect is relieved.
As shown in fig. 12, after the above measures are taken, the 4×4 broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna array is excited to 16 pairs of elements in all vertical directions. By observing the active standing wave ratios of all 16 ports, the active standing wave ratios of the rest vibrators in the working bandwidth are less than 2 except that the standing wave ratios of the 14 ports and the 15 ports float up to 2.5 in the low-frequency part, so that the full-frequency-band matching of all the ports is basically realized well. As shown in FIG. 13, the antenna array has good radiation performance, the polarization isolation is greater than 15dB at 4GHz, and the polarization isolation is over 20dB at 8GHz and 12GHz, so that the index requirement is met.
In summary, the invention optimizes the vibrator shape and the feed structure, satisfies that the standing wave ratio is smaller than 1.4 at normal incidence in the frequency band of 4-12GHz, satisfies that the standing wave ratio is smaller than 2/2.5 when the E face/H face scans to +/-45 degrees, and has good full-band matching because all the standing wave ratios of ports at normal incidence after the array is arranged are smaller than 2.5.

Claims (6)

1. The broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna unit is characterized by sequentially comprising a first dielectric layer (11), a second dielectric layer (12), a third dielectric layer (13), a fourth dielectric layer (14), a fifth dielectric layer (15), a sixth dielectric layer (16), a metal floor (17) and an unbalanced feed structure (3), wherein a first circuit layer (21) is arranged on one surface, close to the second dielectric layer (12), of the third dielectric layer (13), and the first circuit layer (21) comprises a dual-polarized oscillator unit; a second circuit layer (22) is arranged on one surface of the fourth medium layer (14) close to the third medium layer (13), and the second circuit layer (22) comprises a metal coupling wafer (221) and a first metal patch structure (222) for feeding optimization; a third circuit layer (23) is arranged on one surface of the fifth medium layer (15) close to the fourth medium layer (14); a fourth circuit layer (24) is arranged on one surface of the sixth medium layer (16) close to the fifth medium layer (15); the third circuit layer (23) and the fourth circuit layer (24) have the same structure and each comprise a second metal patch structure (231) for feed optimization; the unbalanced feed structure (3) comprises a coaxial connector (311) and two pairs of grounding metal through holes (312), wherein the coaxial connector penetrates through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer and the metal floor, the two pairs of grounding metal through holes (312) penetrate through the third medium layer to the sixth medium layer, the dual-polarized vibrator unit is two pairs of vibrator arms (211) which are mutually perpendicular, each vibrator arm extends a section of branch along 45 degrees at two sides of the tail end to optimize low-frequency matching, and the extension length of the two sections of branch of each vibrator arm is different; the first metal patch structure (222) is two hexagons; the second metal patch structure (231) includes two hexagons, and a rectangle corresponding to the two hexagons.
2. The broadband dual polarized tight coupling antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal coupling wafer (221) is located under the feet of two pairs of mutually perpendicular dipole arms (211).
3. The broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer (11), the second dielectric layer (12), the third dielectric layer (13) and the metal floor (17) have the same cross-sectional shape and are all rectangular; the cross sections of the fourth dielectric layer (14), the fifth dielectric layer (15) and the sixth dielectric layer (16) are the same, and are all cross-shaped.
4. Broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that the coaxial connector (311) penetrates through the third to sixth dielectric layers and the metal floor from the left dipole arm of the horizontal dipole or/and the upper dipole arm of the vertical dipole, and the rectangles of the dipole arms and the second metal patch structure (231) are connected with the coaxial connector inner conductor.
5. The broadband dual-polarized tight coupling antenna element according to claim 1, wherein two pairs of ground metal vias (312) extend through the third to sixth dielectric layers from the dipole arms at the periphery of the two pairs of dipole arms (211), respectively, and hexagons of the dipole arms, the first metal patch structure (222) and the second metal patch structure (231) are connected to the coaxial connector inner conductor.
6. A broadband dual-polarized tightly coupled antenna array, which is characterized by comprising antenna units according to any one of claims 1-5 arranged in an mxn matrix, wherein M, N are natural numbers, redundant oscillators without feed structures are added around the array to enable the array to form a complete grid structure, metal through holes (41) are added at the tail ends of the working oscillators of the edge, oscillator arms (211) and metal coupling wafers (221) are connected, and metal short-circuit columns (42) are added at the tail ends of the redundant oscillators at the central positions of the edge to connect the redundant oscillators and a metal floor (17).
CN202210503697.9A 2022-05-10 2022-05-10 Broadband dual-polarized tightly-coupled antenna unit and array Active CN114709610B (en)

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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113964508A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 华南理工大学 Broadband dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna and wide-angle scanning array thereof

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US10424847B2 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-09-24 Raytheon Company Wideband dual-polarized current loop antenna element

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113964508A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-21 华南理工大学 Broadband dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna and wide-angle scanning array thereof

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"Planar Ultra-Wideband Wide-Angle Scanning Array Antenna with Improved WAIM Layer";Xin Zhou et al;《2021 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Computer Applications (ICPECA)》;第300-303页 *

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