CN114709284B - Photovoltaic cell assembly with EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) adhesive film reflection structure - Google Patents
Photovoltaic cell assembly with EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) adhesive film reflection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114709284B CN114709284B CN202210336831.0A CN202210336831A CN114709284B CN 114709284 B CN114709284 B CN 114709284B CN 202210336831 A CN202210336831 A CN 202210336831A CN 114709284 B CN114709284 B CN 114709284B
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film reflection structure, which comprises a panel, a solar cell piece and a back plate, wherein the solar cell piece is positioned between the panel and the back plate and is packaged into a whole; the panel and the back plate are made of EVA adhesive films, wherein the surface of the EVA adhesive film serving as the back plate, which is opposite to the solar cell, is provided with a light reflecting layer. According to the invention, the EVA adhesive film sheet made of the EVA adhesive is used as the panel and the back plate, and the density of the EVA adhesive is lower than that of materials such as low-iron super-white suede toughened glass for making the panel and TPT or TPE for making the back plate in the prior art, so that the weight of a photovoltaic cell assembly with the same size can be reduced, the requirement on the bearing of a support body of the photovoltaic cell assembly is reduced, the transportation cost and the material cost are reduced, the initial investment of a photovoltaic power generation project is reduced, and the investment cost control is facilitated; the back plate is provided with the reflecting layer, so that light leakage can be reflected to the solar cell to be utilized, and the solar conversion rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic cell assembly with an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film reflecting structure.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation utilizes solar energy to generate electricity, and utilizes the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electric energy. The photovoltaic power generation equipment mainly comprises three parts, namely a solar cell panel (photovoltaic cell module), a controller and an inverter, wherein the solar cell panel is packaged and protected after solar cells are connected in series to form a large-area solar cell, and then the photovoltaic power generation equipment is formed by matching with components such as a power controller and the like.
At present, a photovoltaic cell module generally comprises a high-efficiency single crystal/polycrystalline solar cell, low-iron ultra-white suede toughened glass, a packaging material and a back plate; the packaging material is mostly made of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) or POE (polyolefin elastomer) and the like, and the back plate is mostly made of TPT (thermoplastic elastomer) or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) and the like; in addition, the connecting bar, the bus bar, the junction box and the (aluminum alloy) frame are also arranged. The existing photovoltaic cell component has large specific gravity, high transportation cost and high bearing requirement on a support body, and is not beneficial to controlling investment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film reflection structure, which comprises a panel, a solar cell and a back plate, wherein the solar cell is positioned between the panel and the back plate and is packaged into a whole;
the panel and the back plate are made of EVA adhesive films, wherein the surface of the EVA adhesive film serving as the back plate, which is opposite to the solar cell, is provided with a light reflecting layer.
Optionally, the EVA adhesive film is made into a plate shape by adding a curing agent into a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer; the curing agent is a copolymer containing carboxyl and ester groups, and the curing agent is prepared by mixing an acid containing double bonds, an ester containing double bonds, a buffering agent and a regulator in a ratio of 0.2-8:1:0.2:0.1, and carrying out emulsion polymerization copolymerization at a preset temperature to obtain the copolymer; the double-bond acid comprises one or more of acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate, the double-bond ester comprises one or more of butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methoxyacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate, and the buffering agent adopts Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 And O, the regulator adopts dodecyl mercaptan.
Optionally, the manufacturing process of the EVA adhesive film is as follows:
heating to fully melt the EVA adhesive;
according to the mass ratio of the EVA adhesive to the curing agent of 10:1, adding a curing agent prepared in advance, and fully mixing;
keeping the temperature and standing for a set time, and injecting the mixture into the cavity of the mold by adopting a set pressure until the mixture is full;
cooling to a first set temperature, then heating to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for 20-50 minutes, and then slowly cooling to solidify the injected mixture;
and demolding and surface finishing.
Optionally, the surface of the panel opposite to the solar cell is in a fresnel lens structure.
Optionally, the solar cells are arranged in an array and connected in series; the panel comprises a plurality of first grid areas which correspond to the solar cells in the array one by one, and the surfaces of the grid areas, which are opposite to the solar cells, are of Fresnel lens structures.
Optionally, a plurality of second grid areas adapted to the solar cell are arranged on the surface of the back plate opposite to the solar cell, and a light-gathering curved surface is arranged at the adjacent boundary position of the second grid areas; the light-gathering curved surface is a single curved surface or a double curved surface.
Optionally, the panel, the solar cell and the back plate are packaged by using EVA glue, and the packaging method is as follows:
s100, forming a first EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the back plate provided with the reflecting layer by adopting a deposition process;
s200, mounting the solar cells on a back plate according to array arrangement at a preset first process temperature;
s300, connecting all the solar cells in series;
s400, forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between adjacent solar cells by adopting a growth process at a preset second process temperature, and performing chemical mechanical polishing treatment;
s500, forming a second EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the solar cell piece by adopting the deposition process again;
s600, the panel is attached to the second EVA adhesive film layer.
Optionally, the deposition process includes the following steps:
pretreating the back plate provided with the reflecting layer, wherein the pretreatment comprises cleaning treatment;
loading the pretreated back plate into an inner cavity of a process furnace, and carrying out process debugging;
vacuumizing the inner cavity of the process furnace, and heating after vacuumizing is finished;
heating and pre-melting the EVA adhesive;
heating the EVA adhesive again to evaporate the EVA adhesive, and sending the evaporated EVA adhesive to the inner cavity of the process furnace within a first preset time to deposit the EVA adhesive on the upper surface of the back plate to form an EVA adhesive deposition layer;
the temperature of the inner cavity of the process furnace is reduced, so that the EVA adhesive deposition layer is formed into the EVA adhesive film layer.
Optionally, the growth process includes the following steps:
heating to a second process temperature, and melting the EVA glue;
keeping the second process temperature, and slowly injecting the molten EVA glue into the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
after the gap is filled, standing for a second preset time to enable the first EVA adhesive film layer to be fully combined with the injected molten EVA adhesive, and enabling no gap to be left in the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
and cooling to form the EVA adhesive, namely forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between the adjacent solar cells.
Optionally, when the photovoltaic cell module is packaged, error compensation is implemented for controlling the process temperature in the packaging process, and the error compensation mode is as follows:
measuring the ambient temperature and humidity in real time;
inputting the environmental temperature and humidity into a pre-constructed system error evaluation model for training;
obtaining a system error coefficient under the current condition through training;
and correcting the set process temperature according to the system error coefficient, and controlling the temperature in the packaging process by using the corrected process temperature.
According to the photovoltaic cell module with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure, the EVA adhesive film made of the EVA adhesive is used as the panel and the back plate, and the density of the EVA adhesive is smaller than that of materials such as low-iron super-white suede toughened glass for making the panel and TPT or TPE for making the back plate, so that the weight of the photovoltaic cell module with the same size can be reduced, the requirement on the bearing of a support body of the photovoltaic cell module is lowered, the transportation cost and the material cost are lowered, the initial investment of a photovoltaic power generation project is lowered, and the investment cost control is facilitated; the EVA adhesive film as the back plate is provided with the reflecting layer on the surface opposite to the solar cell, so that light leakage can be reflected to the solar cell for utilization, and the solar conversion rate is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a panel used in an embodiment of the photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA film reflective structure according to the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a panel having a plurality of first grid regions according to an embodiment of the photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a back sheet used in an embodiment of the photovoltaic cell module of the present invention with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure disposed thereon;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a single-curved light-gathering surface of a back sheet used in an embodiment of a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a double-curved surface of a back sheet used in an embodiment of a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflective structure according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a process of packaging the photovoltaic cell module with the EVA film reflective structure according to an embodiment of the present invention using EVA film.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflection structure, including a panel 1, a solar cell 2 and a back plate 3, where the solar cell 2 is located between the panel 1 and the back plate 3 and the three are packaged into a whole;
the panel 1 and the back plate 3 are both made of EVA adhesive films, wherein the surface of the EVA adhesive film as the back plate 3, which is opposite to the solar cell 2, is provided with a reflective layer 4.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the EVA adhesive film piece made of the EVA adhesive is used as the panel and the back plate, and the density of the EVA adhesive is smaller than that of materials such as low-iron super-white suede toughened glass for making the panel and TPT or TPE for making the back plate in the traditional mode, so that the weight of a photovoltaic cell assembly with the same size can be reduced, the requirement on the bearing of a support body of the photovoltaic cell assembly is reduced, the transportation cost and the material cost are reduced, the initial investment of a photovoltaic power generation project is reduced, and the investment cost control is facilitated; the surface of the EVA adhesive film as the back plate, which is opposite to the solar cell, is provided with the reflecting layer, so that light leakage can be reflected to the solar cell for utilization, and the solar conversion rate is improved; EVA (Polyethylene vinyl acetate) is short for Polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, has low melting point, easy flow, high transparency (light transmittance is more than 90%), high adhesive force and good durability, can resist high temperature, moisture, ultraviolet rays and the like, and is suitable for being used as a packaging film of a photovoltaic cell component; the solar cells can be arranged and combined in a grid mode with the upper surfaces being flush and respectively installed.
In one embodiment, the EVA rubber membrane is made into a plate by adding a curing agent into a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer; the curing agent is a copolymer containing carboxyl and ester groups, and the curing agent is prepared by mixing an acid containing double bonds, an ester containing double bonds, a buffering agent and a regulator in a ratio of 0.2-8:1:0.2:0.1, and carrying out emulsion polymerization copolymerization at a preset temperature to obtain the copolymer; the double-bond acid comprises one or more of acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate, the double-bond ester comprises one or more of butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methoxyacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate, and the buffering agent adopts Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 O, the regulator adopts dodecyl mercaptan;
the manufacturing process of the EVA adhesive film comprises the following steps:
heating to fully melt the EVA adhesive;
according to the mass ratio of the EVA adhesive to the curing agent of 10:1, adding a curing agent prepared in advance, and fully mixing;
keeping the temperature and standing for a set time, and injecting the mixture into the cavity of the mold by adopting a set pressure until the mixture is full;
cooling to a first set temperature, then heating to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for 20-50 minutes, and then slowly cooling to solidify the injected mixture;
and demolding and performing surface finishing.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the EVA adhesive film for manufacturing the panel and the back plate is prepared by adding the curing agent into the polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, the adopted curing agent is the copolymer containing carboxyl and ester groups, the adopted curing agent has good solubility with the EVA adhesive, is non-toxic and environment-friendly, does not generate adverse effect on the light transmittance of the EVA adhesive film, can enhance the strength and toughness of the manufactured EVA adhesive film, and improves the performance of resisting the impact of wind sand or hailstones, thereby prolonging the service life; when the EVA adhesive film is manufactured, internal bubbles can be removed through heat preservation and standing, and adverse effects of the bubbles on strength and light transmission performance are avoided; in the mould cavity, through dividing two cooling time interval control and inserting the intensification process in the middle of two cooling time intervals, can improve the internal stress condition, reinforcing product toughness.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the surface of the panel opposite to the solar cell sheet is in a fresnel lens structure;
the solar cell pieces are arranged in an array and are mutually connected in series; as shown in fig. 4, the panel includes a plurality of first grid regions corresponding to the solar cells in the array one to one, and the surfaces of the grid regions opposite to the solar cells are in a fresnel lens structure.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the surface of the panel opposite to the solar cell is set into the Fresnel lens structure, on one hand, the non-Fresnel lens structure surface of the packaged panel is positioned on the outer surface of the photovoltaic cell assembly, the smoothness of the outer surface of the photovoltaic cell assembly is not influenced, on the other hand, the Fresnel lens structure can be utilized to form a light condensation effect, sunlight at the edge of the photovoltaic cell assembly is transmitted to the solar cell in a deviation manner, and the conversion utilization efficiency of solar energy is improved; especially for a photovoltaic cell assembly assembled by a plurality of solar cells, sunlight at the gap between adjacent solar cells can be transmitted by the Fresnel lens structure and then acts on the surface of the solar cells, so that light leakage at the gap between adjacent solar cells is avoided, and the conversion and utilization efficiency of solar energy is further improved.
In one embodiment, the light reflecting layer can adopt low-temperature glaze or modified TiO 2 Manufacturing materials;
as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, a plurality of second grid regions 5 adapted to the solar cell 2 are provided on the surface of the back sheet 3 opposite to the solar cell 2, and a light-gathering curved surface 6 is provided at the adjacent boundary position of the second grid regions 5; the light-condensing curved surface 6 may be a single curved surface or a double curved surface: when the solar cell is a single-curved surface, the light-gathering focus of the single-curved surface is positioned on the solar cell sheet on one side of the gap; when the solar cell is a hyperbolic surface, the light-gathering focuses of the two curved surfaces are respectively positioned on the solar cell pieces on the two sides of the gap.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the reflecting layer of the scheme can adopt low-temperature glaze or modified TiO 2 The material can further enhance the reflection and convergence effect of the light-gathering curved surface on sunlight and reduce the energy loss of solar energy in the light transmission process; the surface of the back plate opposite to the solar cell is provided with a plurality of second grid areas adaptive to the solar cell, and the light-gathering curved surface is also provided with a reflecting layer, so that the light-gathering curved surface is made into a single curved surface, and sunlight can be reflected and gathered on the solar cell on the side opposite to the curved surface; if the light-gathering curved surface is made into a hyperboloid, the hyperboloid is symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, any one of the hyperboloids is provided with an opposite solar cell piece, namely the solar cell pieces on two sides of the gap, and each curved surface can reflect and gather sunlight to the solar cell piece on the opposite side of the curved surface; the received solar cell is used for energy conversion, and efficient collection and utilization of solar energy are achieved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the panel, the solar cell sheet and the back sheet are encapsulated by EVA glue, and the encapsulation method is as follows:
s100, forming a first EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the back plate provided with the reflecting layer by adopting a deposition process;
s200, mounting the solar cells on a back plate according to array arrangement at a preset first process temperature;
s300, all the solar cells are connected in series;
s400, forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between adjacent solar cells by adopting a growth process at a preset second process temperature, and performing chemical mechanical polishing treatment;
s500, forming a second EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the solar cell piece by adopting the deposition process again;
s600, the panel is attached to the second EVA film layer.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the photovoltaic cell module is packaged by adopting an EVA adhesive film; during packaging, the first EVA adhesive film layer is formed by a deposition process, so that the uniformity and the flatness of the first EVA adhesive film layer can be guaranteed, and the mounting quality of the solar cell is guaranteed; the reliability and firmness of the mounting of the solar cell are guaranteed by controlling the first process temperature; the growth forming quality of the EVA adhesive film filling layer can be guaranteed by controlling the second process temperature, and a small cavity which is not filled in the EVA adhesive film filling layer is prevented from being formed inside, so that the normal transmission of sunlight is prevented from being influenced; the upper surface of the EVA adhesive film filling layer can be flush with the upper surface of the solar cell by chemical mechanical polishing treatment, and the EVA adhesive film filling layer has both aesthetic property and guaranteed performance; the second EVA adhesive film layer also adopts a deposition process to ensure the uniformity and the flatness of the second EVA adhesive film layer, and the surface quality of the photovoltaic cell module is improved; the set values of the first process temperature and the second process temperature are determined according to the physical properties of the adopted EVA adhesive.
In one embodiment, the deposition process proceeds as follows:
pretreating the back plate provided with the reflecting layer, wherein the pretreatment comprises cleaning treatment;
loading the pretreated back plate into an inner cavity of a process furnace, and carrying out process debugging;
vacuumizing the inner cavity of the process furnace, and heating after vacuumizing is finished;
heating and pre-melting the EVA adhesive;
heating the EVA adhesive again to evaporate the EVA adhesive, and sending the evaporated EVA adhesive to the inner cavity of the process furnace within a first preset time to deposit the EVA adhesive on the upper surface of the back plate to form an EVA adhesive deposition layer;
the temperature of the inner cavity of the process furnace is reduced, so that the EVA adhesive deposition layer is formed into the EVA adhesive film layer.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the scheme embodies the deposition process adopted in the photovoltaic cell assembly packaging, and the adopted deposition process is selected to carry out the surface cleaning and other treatments of the back plate through pretreatment, so that the influence of foreign matter pollution on the process quality is avoided, and the adhesion between the surface of the back plate and the EVA adhesive is enhanced; the deposition process is carried out in a vacuum state, so that adverse effects caused by substances in the air can be prevented; then, the EVA adhesive is heated in a segmented manner, and is pre-melted and then evaporated, so that the evaporation rate level can be improved, the utilization rate of the EVA adhesive material is improved, and the cost is saved; the evaporated EVA adhesive is deposited to form an EVA adhesive deposition layer, so that the uniformity and the flatness of the EVA adhesive deposition layer can be guaranteed.
In one embodiment, the growth process proceeds as follows:
heating to a second process temperature, and melting the EVA glue;
keeping the second process temperature, and slowly injecting the molten EVA glue into the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
after the gap is filled, standing for a second preset time to enable the first EVA adhesive film layer to be fully combined with the injected molten EVA adhesive, and enabling no gap to be left in the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
and cooling to form the EVA adhesive, namely forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between the adjacent solar cells.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the growth technology that this scheme adopted in to the encapsulation of photovoltaic cell subassembly has carried out the concretization and has selected, and the growth technology goes on under second technology temperature state, is filled the back in the clearance, carries out the second and predetermines standing of time for EVA is glued and is fully combined with first EVA glued membrane layer, can ensure EVA glued membrane filling layer growth shaping quality, avoids inside to form and fills the not real little cavity, influences the normal transmission to the sunlight.
In one embodiment, during packaging of the photovoltaic cell assembly, error compensation is performed for control of process temperature during packaging in the following manner:
measuring the ambient temperature and humidity in real time;
inputting the environmental temperature and humidity into a pre-constructed system error evaluation model for training;
obtaining a system error coefficient under the current condition through training;
and correcting the set process temperature according to the system error coefficient, and controlling the temperature in the packaging process by using the corrected process temperature.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, when the photovoltaic cell assembly is packaged, error compensation is implemented on control of the process temperature in the packaging process, so that system errors generated by a control system under the influence of differences of the ambient temperature and the humidity are made up, the control precision of the process temperature is improved, the process quality and the product quality are guaranteed, quality differences caused under the conditions of different ambient temperatures and different humidities are avoided, and the consistency and the yield of the product quality are improved; the process temperature in the packaging process comprises a first process temperature and a second process temperature.
In one embodiment, the systematic error assessment model includes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) optimized by training with a known data set, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) being trained using the following loss function:
in the above formula, N represents the data number of the data set; n represents the total number of nodes of the neural network; w denotes a mask matrix of the data set, W ij Data corresponding to the ith row and the jth column in a mask matrix representing the data set; p represents a scoring matrix for each point of the process control system, P ij Representing the score value corresponding to the ith row and the jth column in the score matrix; f represents a weight matrix for each point of the process control system, F ij Representing the weight value corresponding to the ith row and the jth column in the weight matrix; KL represents the Kullback-Leibler divergence; q (H) k ||X,A k ) A single temperature parameter or a learned hidden representation of a single humidity parameter profile k representing an ambient temperature and humidity profile image; m (H) represents the standard Gaussian distribution prior.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, a known data set is used as a data sample for training a system error evaluation model, so that the trained convolutional neural network is more suitable for being used for evaluating a system error coefficient under a process environment in the packaging process, and the convolutional neural network is adapted to a real scene of the process environment in the packaging process; and then the trained convolutional neural network is used for processing the subsequently received environmental temperature and humidity data, so that the high efficiency and reliability of the data processing module for processing the environmental temperature and humidity data can be improved, and the evaluation accuracy of the system error coefficient is improved.
In one embodiment, in the packaging process of the photovoltaic cell module, a CCD camera is used for shooting and obtaining an image, and the mutual positioning of the panel, the solar cell and the back plate is detected by adopting image recognition;
during image recognition, firstly, bilateral filtering processing is carried out on an image, and a formula of the bilateral filtering processing is as follows:
in the above formula, h (i, j, k, l) represents a pixel value of the image filtering output; f (i, j) represents a pixel value at the image edge coordinate (i, j); (i, j) representing edge coordinates of the image; f (k, l) represents a pixel value at the image center coordinate (k, l); (k, l) represents the center coordinates of the image; sigma d Representing a spatial domain standard deviation of a gaussian function; sigma r The value domain standard deviation of the gaussian function is represented.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: according to the scheme, the CCD camera is used for shooting and acquiring the image in the technological process, the image is subjected to bilateral filtering processing by adopting the formula, so that the image identification and positioning are more accurate, and the mutual positioning precision and the yield of a panel, a solar cell and a back plate in a photovoltaic cell module can be improved; by adopting a bilateral filtering formula, the identification error caused by image boundary fuzzy influence due to the light transmission characteristic of the EVA adhesive can be avoided, and the probability of error occurrence in identification and positioning is reduced; if the solar cell panel is matched with the panel with the Fresnel lens structure or the backboard with the condensing curved surface, sunlight at the gap of the edge of the solar cell panel can accurately act on the solar cell panel, the situation that more sunlight energy is wasted and not utilized due to the fact that the positioning deviation weakens the panel with the Fresnel lens structure or the backboard with the condensing curved surface is avoided.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A photovoltaic cell module with an EVA adhesive film reflection structure is characterized by comprising a panel, a solar cell piece and a back plate, wherein the solar cell piece is positioned between the panel and the back plate and is packaged into a whole;
the panel and the back plate are both made of EVA adhesive films, wherein the surface of the EVA adhesive film as the back plate, which is opposite to the solar cell, is provided with a reflecting layer;
the EVA adhesive film is made into a plate shape by adding a curing agent into polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer; the curing agent is a copolymer containing carboxyl and ester groups, and the curing agent is prepared by mixing an acid containing double bonds, an ester containing double bonds, a buffering agent and a regulator in a ratio of 0.2-8:1:0.2:0.1 is obtained by emulsion polymerization copolymerization at a preset temperature; the double-bond acid comprises one or more of acrylic acid, crotonic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate, the double-bond ester comprises one or more of butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methoxyacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate, and the buffering agent adopts Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 O, and the regulator adopts dodecyl mercaptan.
2. The photovoltaic cell assembly with the EVA adhesive film reflecting structure arranged thereon according to claim 1, wherein the EVA adhesive film is prepared by the following steps:
heating to fully melt the EVA adhesive;
according to the mass ratio of the EVA adhesive to the curing agent of 10:1, adding a curing agent prepared in advance, and fully mixing;
preserving heat and standing for a set time, and injecting the mixture into the cavity of the mold by adopting a set pressure until the mixture is full;
cooling to a first set temperature, then heating to a second set temperature, keeping the temperature for 20-50 minutes, and then slowly cooling to solidify the injected mixture;
and demolding and performing surface finishing.
3. The photovoltaic cell assembly arranged with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure of claim 1, wherein the surface of the panel opposite to the solar cell sheet is in a Fresnel lens structure.
4. The photovoltaic cell module with the EVA adhesive film reflecting structure arranged thereon according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell pieces are arranged in an array and are connected in series; the panel comprises a plurality of first grid areas which correspond to the solar cells in the array one by one, and the surfaces of the grid areas, which are opposite to the solar cells, are of Fresnel lens structures.
5. The photovoltaic cell module with the EVA adhesive film reflecting structure arranged thereon according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the back plate opposite to the solar cell is provided with a plurality of second grid areas adapted to the solar cell, and the adjacent boundary positions of the second grid areas are provided with light-gathering curved surfaces; the light-gathering curved surface is a single curved surface or a double curved surface.
6. The photovoltaic cell module with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure arranged thereon according to claim 1, wherein the panel, the solar cell sheet and the back plate are encapsulated by EVA adhesive, and the encapsulation method comprises the following steps:
s100, forming a first EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the back plate provided with the reflecting layer by adopting a deposition process;
s200, mounting the solar cells on a back plate according to array arrangement at a preset first process temperature;
s300, connecting all the solar cells in series;
s400, forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between adjacent solar cells by adopting a growth process at a preset second process temperature, and performing chemical mechanical polishing treatment;
s500, forming a second EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) film layer on the upper surface of the solar cell piece by adopting a deposition process again;
s600, the panel is attached to the second EVA film layer.
7. The photovoltaic cell assembly arranged with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure of claim 6, wherein the deposition process comprises the following steps:
pretreating the back plate provided with the reflecting layer, wherein the pretreatment comprises cleaning treatment;
loading the pretreated back plate into an inner cavity of a process furnace, and carrying out process debugging;
vacuumizing the inner cavity of the process furnace, and heating after vacuumizing is finished;
heating and pre-melting the EVA adhesive;
heating the EVA adhesive again to evaporate the EVA adhesive, and sending the evaporated EVA adhesive to the inner cavity of the process furnace within a first preset time to deposit the EVA adhesive on the upper surface of the back plate to form an EVA adhesive deposition layer;
the temperature of the inner cavity of the process furnace is reduced, so that the EVA adhesive deposition layer is formed into the EVA adhesive film layer.
8. The photovoltaic cell assembly arranged with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure of claim 6, wherein the growth process comprises the following steps:
heating to a second process temperature, and melting the EVA glue;
keeping the second process temperature, and slowly injecting the molten EVA glue into the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
after the gap is filled, standing for a second preset time to enable the first EVA adhesive film layer to be fully combined with the injected molten EVA adhesive, and enabling no gap to be left in the gap between the adjacent solar cells;
and cooling to form the EVA adhesive, namely forming an EVA adhesive film filling layer in the gap between the adjacent solar cells.
9. The photovoltaic cell assembly arranged with the EVA adhesive film reflection structure of any one of claims 1-8, wherein during packaging of the photovoltaic cell assembly, error compensation is performed for control of process temperature during packaging in the following manner:
measuring the ambient temperature and humidity in real time;
inputting the environmental temperature and humidity into a pre-constructed system error evaluation model for training;
obtaining a system error coefficient under the current condition through training;
and correcting the set process temperature according to the system error coefficient, and controlling the temperature in the packaging process by using the corrected process temperature.
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