CN114706124A - Fluid identification method and system based on combination of electromagnetism and earthquake - Google Patents
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Abstract
A fluid identification method and a system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake are disclosed, wherein the fluid identification method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, and establishing a geological structure model according to the seismic data; carrying out finite element division on the geological structure model; acquiring resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in the area to be identified, and establishing a geological electrical model according to the resistivity parameters and a geological structure model; performing electromagnetic inversion on the geological electrical model serving as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inversion resistivity profile data; and extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of the reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum, and carrying out fluid identification by combining a resistivity explanation template. According to the fluid identification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a surveying method sensitive to both the stratum structure and the reservoir fluid is formed in an electric-seismic combination mode, so that the reservoir fluid identification precision can be improved, the oil-gas distribution rule is determined, a basis is provided for defining a beneficial region of an oil reservoir, and the oil field development level is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a fluid identification method and system based on combination of electromagnetism and earthquake.
Background
In the oil and gas field exploration stage, a seismic method is mainly adopted, and non-seismic methods such as electromagnetism, gravity and the like are used as auxiliary methods. Geophysical technology development in the oil and gas field development stage is mainly based on seismic methods. Generally, the seismic method is sensitive to elastic parameters, has obvious advantages in stratum and structure identification, but has low identification degree on reservoir fluid; the electromagnetic method is sensitive to electrical parameters, has quantitative grade advantages compared with the seismic method in the sensitivity to oil and gas in a reservoir, and has high reservoir fluid identification degree but lower resolution in stratum and structure identification. Therefore, accurate identification of reservoir fluids is difficult to achieve by using a single seismic or electromagnetic exploration method.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, a fluid identification method based on combination of electromagnetism and earthquake is provided, and the problems that the division of a stratum structure and reservoir fluid is low in the identification process and the identification accuracy is insufficient due to the adoption of an oil-gas field exploration method in the prior art are solved.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a fluid identification system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake.
According to the fluid identification method based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake, the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, and establishing a geological structure model according to the seismic data, wherein the seismic data comprise structural characteristics of multiple layers of physical stratums along the vertical depth direction, and the geological structure model comprises multiple layers of virtual stratums which correspond to the multiple layers of physical stratums one to one;
performing finite element division on the geological structure model so as to divide each layer of the virtual stratum in the geological structure model into a plurality of electrical regions;
acquiring a resistivity parameter of each layer of physical stratum in a region to be identified, and establishing a geological electrical model according to the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum and the geological structure model divided by finite elements, wherein the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum is used for representing the electrical characteristics of the corresponding physical stratum in a vertical depth domain;
performing electromagnetic inversion on the geological electrical model serving as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inversion resistivity profile data, wherein the inversion resistivity profile data comprises inversion results of all strata in a plurality of layers of the virtual strata;
extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of a reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum, and carrying out fluid identification by combining a resistivity interpretation template so as to determine a fluid region in the reservoir and a fluid type corresponding to the fluid region; wherein the resistivity interpretation template comprises a plurality of fluid types and resistivity information corresponding to the plurality of fluid types one to one.
The fluid identification method based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake has the following technical effects: establishing a geological structure model by using seismic data, and performing finite element division by combining resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in the region to be identified to establish a geological electrical model so as to obtain more refined stratum distribution characteristics; and performing constraint inversion according to the established geologic electrical model as a constraint condition, so that more prominent distribution characteristics of reservoir fluid can be extracted. Compared with the existing oil and gas field exploration and identification method, the fluid identification method based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake forms the exploration method sensitive to the stratum structure and the reservoir fluid in the mode of combination of electric and earthquake, so that the accuracy of reservoir fluid identification can be improved, the oil and gas distribution rule can be determined, a basis is provided for defining a favorable area of an oil reservoir, the delineation of oil and gas positions in the exploration and development process can be effectively guided, and the oil field development level is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the structural features include physical stratigraphic sequence, physical stratigraphic thickness distribution, and physical stratigraphic spread morphology along the cross-sectional direction.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the obtaining of the resistivity parameter of each layer of the physical formation in the area to be identified comprises the following steps:
for each layer of the physical stratum, acquiring a plurality of groups of resistivity data through a plurality of geological exploration modes;
and carrying out weighted average calculation on the multiple groups of resistivity data corresponding to each layer of the physical stratum according to preset weighted average parameters to obtain the resistivity parameters corresponding to each layer of the physical stratum, wherein the weighted average parameters are obtained according to the geological environment influence of the area to be identified.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of sets of resistivity data comprises logging statistics, formation outcrop measurement statistics, drilling coring measurement statistics; for each layer of the physical stratum, acquiring a plurality of groups of resistivity data through a plurality of geological exploration modes, and comprising the following steps:
acquiring the logging statistical data by using a logging technology;
acquiring formation outcrop measurement statistical data by using an outcrop small quadrupole measurement method;
and acquiring the drilling coring measurement statistical data by using a core measurement method.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the weighted average parameter comprises a 70% weighted ratio of the logging statistics, a 15% weighted ratio of the formation outcrop measurement statistics, and a 15% weighted ratio of the drilling coring measurement statistics.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the performing electromagnetic inversion on the geological electrical model as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inversion resistivity profile data includes:
and taking the structural characteristics and the electrical characteristics as inversion constraint conditions, comparing the average resistivity of the physical stratum obtained by surveying with the theoretically-calculated average resistivity of the physical stratum to obtain a fitting error, performing iterative calculation through an inversion algorithm until the fitting error is within a preset fitting error range, and outputting inversion resistivity profile data.
According to some embodiments of the invention, obtaining the resistivity interpretation template comprises:
determining the fluid type of the reservoir in the multilayer physical stratum by using a logging technology, core measurement and an oil testing process, and acquiring the fluid resistivity of the reservoir under the corresponding fluid type by using the logging technology, wherein the fluid type comprises an oil layer, a gas layer and a water layer;
acquiring resistivity interpretation statistical data of the fluid type corresponding to the fluid resistivity one by carrying out multiple groups of surveys;
and obtaining a resistivity distribution characteristic used for explaining the fluid type according to the resistivity explanation statistical data.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the resistivity profile includes a water layer resistivity of less than 150 Ω · m, an oil layer resistivity of greater than or equal to 150 Ω · m and less than or equal to 350 Ω · m, and a gas layer resistivity of greater than 350 Ω · m.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of the reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum comprises the following steps:
extracting inversion results of the reservoir from the inverted resistivity profile data based on a windowing process;
extracting a fluid resistivity of the reservoir from the inversion results of the reservoir.
A combined electromagnetic and seismic based fluid identification system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises:
the seismic data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, wherein the seismic data comprise structural features of a multilayer physical stratum along the vertical depth direction;
the resistivity acquisition unit is used for acquiring the resistivity parameters of each layer of the physical stratum in the area to be identified;
a data processing unit for performing a method for electromagnetic and seismic based combined fluid identification as claimed in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention.
The fluid identification system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake has at least the following technical effects: acquiring related initial data required by the data processing unit by using the seismic data acquisition unit and the resistivity acquisition unit respectively; the method comprises the steps of processing seismic data by using a data processing unit to establish a geological structure model, and performing finite element division by combining resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in a region to be identified to establish a geological electrical model so as to obtain more refined stratum distribution characteristics; and performing constraint inversion according to the established geologic electrical model as a constraint condition, so that more prominent distribution characteristics of reservoir fluid can be extracted. Compared with the existing oil and gas field exploration and identification system, the fluid identification system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake forms a surveying system sensitive to the stratum structure and the reservoir fluid in an electric and earthquake combination mode, so that the precision of reservoir fluid identification can be improved, the oil and gas distribution rule can be determined, a basis is provided for defining a favorable area of an oil reservoir, the delineation of oil and gas positions in the exploration and development process can be effectively guided, and the oil field development level is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for electromagnetic and seismic based combined fluid identification in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a geologic structure model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a geologic electrical model in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the results of a conventional electromagnetic inversion of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the results of a constrained inversion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the results after windowing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a plurality means two or more. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as set, mounted, connected, disconnected and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
A fluid identification method based on electromagnetic in combination with seismic according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
Acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, and establishing a geological structure model according to the seismic data, wherein the seismic data comprise structural characteristics of multiple layers of physical stratums along the vertical depth direction, and the geological structure model comprises multiple layers of virtual stratums corresponding to the multiple layers of physical stratums one to one;
carrying out finite element division on the geological structure model so as to divide each layer of virtual stratum in the geological structure model into a plurality of electrical regions;
acquiring the resistivity parameter of each layer of physical stratum in the area to be identified, and establishing a geological electrical model according to the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum and the geological structure model divided by the finite elements, wherein the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum is used for representing the electrical characteristics of the corresponding physical stratum in the vertical depth domain;
performing electromagnetic inversion on the geological electrical model serving as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inversion resistivity profile data, wherein the inversion resistivity profile data comprises inversion results of all strata in the multi-layer virtual stratum;
extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of a reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum, and performing fluid identification by combining a resistivity interpretation template to determine a fluid area in the reservoir and a fluid type corresponding to the fluid area; the resistivity interpretation template comprises a plurality of fluid types and resistivity information corresponding to the fluid types one by one.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, fig. 2 shows a geologic structure model created from seismic data and displayed as a stratigraphic section, and as can be seen from the stratigraphic section, the geologic structure model is composed of multiple layers of virtual stratigraphic layers in one-to-one correspondence with multiple layers of physical stratigraphic layers. FIG. 3 shows a geologic electrical model established from resistivity parameters and a geologic structure model, wherein the specific process of modeling is as follows: finite element analysis is carried out on the geological structure model, the stratum sectioning surface is divided into a plurality of grids, and then corresponding resistivity parameters are given to each grid through a data interpolation method, so that the geological electrical model is established. In some embodiments, the finite element analysis and data interpolation method specifically employs a finite element unstructured network interpolation method. Fig. 4 is a result obtained after inversion of the geological structure model, and fig. 5 is a result obtained after constraint inversion of the geological electrical model, and comparing fig. 4 with fig. 5, it can be seen that by performing constraint inversion on the geological electrical model, more refined stratigraphic division can be obtained, thereby providing a better recognition effect for subsequent fluid recognition. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of fluid type identification of a reservoir, and the schematic diagram is compared and judged according to a resistivity explanation template to obtain the position of a fluid region and a corresponding fluid type.
According to the fluid identification method based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake, a geological structure model is established by utilizing earthquake data, and a geological electrical model is established by combining the resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in the area to be identified to perform finite element division, so that more refined stratum distribution characteristics are obtained; and performing constraint inversion according to the established geologic electrical model as a constraint condition, so that more prominent distribution characteristics of reservoir fluid can be extracted. Compared with the existing oil and gas field exploration and identification method, the fluid identification method based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake forms the exploration method sensitive to the stratum structure and the reservoir fluid in the mode of combination of electric and earthquake, so that the accuracy of reservoir fluid identification can be improved, the oil and gas distribution rule can be determined, a basis is provided for defining a favorable area of an oil reservoir, the delineation of oil and gas positions in the exploration and development process can be effectively guided, and the oil field development level is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the structural features include physical stratigraphic sequence, physical stratigraphic thickness distribution, and physical stratigraphic spread pattern along the cross-sectional direction. Referring to fig. 2, the structural features of the multilayer physical strata along the vertical depth direction are characterized by the multilayer virtual strata in the figure, which are embodied in particular by: the strata 1 through 5 marked in the figure represent the physical strata sequence; the ordinate of the coordinate system marks the thickness of each layer of the multilayer virtual stratum in the figure, thereby representing the thickness distribution of the physical stratum; the abscissa of the coordinate system in the figure marks the geographic position range of the multilayer virtual stratum, thereby representing the physical stratum spread form along the cross section direction.
By establishing a coordinate system for the stratum sectioning surface of the geological structure model, the structural characteristics of the multilayer physical stratum can be visually represented by the multilayer virtual stratum, so that the subsequent steps of the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be conveniently processed on the basis.
In some embodiments of the present invention, obtaining resistivity parameters of each physical formation in the area to be identified comprises the following steps:
for each layer of physical stratum, acquiring a plurality of groups of resistivity data through a plurality of geological exploration modes;
and carrying out weighted average calculation on the multiple groups of resistivity data corresponding to each layer of physical stratum according to preset weighted average parameters to obtain the resistivity parameters corresponding to each layer of physical stratum, wherein the weighted average parameters are obtained according to the geological environment influence of the area to be identified.
For various existing geological exploration modes, because the measured formation resistivity has precision errors in different degrees, multiple groups of resistivity data under different geological exploration modes are obtained, weighted average calculation is carried out on the multiple groups of resistivity data according to the influence of the geological environment of the region to be identified, and therefore the error of the resistivity exploration result is eliminated, the difference between the distribution condition of a virtual formation in a model and the distribution condition of a physical formation in the actual is reduced when a geological electrical model is established, and the modeling precision is guaranteed.
In some embodiments of the invention, the plurality of sets of resistivity data includes logging statistics, formation outcrop measurement statistics, drilling coring measurement statistics; for each physical formation, a plurality of sets of resistivity data are acquired through a plurality of geological exploration modes, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring logging statistical data by using a logging technology;
acquiring stratum outcrop measurement statistical data by using an outcrop small quadrupole measurement method;
and obtaining the drilling coring measurement statistical data by using a core measurement method.
As shown in table 1, table 1 shows the statistical data of the resistivity collected in different formations in different ways in practice, and the result of weighted average calculation on the statistical data of the resistivity.
TABLE 1
Specifically, the logging technique measures resistivity values of formations at depth, the outcrop small quadrupole measures resistivity values of field formations outcrop, the core measurement is a sample obtained by drilling and coring, and resistivity values of formations are obtained by testing cores of different formations. In some embodiments, the multiple geological exploration modes are not limited to logging, small outcrop quadrupole measurement and core measurement, and more methods for acquiring the formation resistivity can be added according to actual conditions.
In some embodiments of the invention, the weighted average parameter comprises a 70% weighted ratio of the logging statistics, a 15% weighted ratio of the formation outcrop measurement statistics, and a 15% weighted ratio of the drilling coring measurement statistics.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the weights may be adjusted according to different scenarios under actual conditions, so as to ensure accuracy of the finally obtained formation resistivity parameters.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, performing electromagnetic inversion on a geologic electrical model as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inverted resistivity profile data, includes the following steps:
and taking the structural characteristics and the electrical characteristics as inversion constraint conditions, comparing the average resistivity of the physical stratum obtained by surveying with the theoretically-calculated average resistivity of the physical stratum to obtain a fitting error, performing iterative calculation through an inversion algorithm until the fitting error is within a preset fitting error range, and outputting inversion resistivity profile data.
Specifically, for iterative computation of fitting errors using an inversion algorithm, an inverted objective function is employed, which includes two parts, constrained by the following mathematical model:
Pα(m)＝||Wd×(d(m)－dobs)||2+α×||Wm×(m－mref)||2，
wherein, Wd，WmWeights representing the data and the model, respectively; d is a radical ofobsResistivity data, specifically apparent resistivity, calculated from the collected electric field data; d (m) is a forward theoretical value; m is a model parameter; m isrefThe resistivity value of the geological electrical model is shown; alpha is alphaIs a regularization factor that is used to control the relative weights of the data objective function and the model objective function. According to the established geologic electrical model, the depth of the stratum, the thickness, the layering information and the resistivity information of the geologic electrical model are used as inversion constraint conditions, iterative calculation is carried out through an inversion algorithm under the constraint of noise and a model covariance estimation value until a reasonable fitting error is obtained, and then inversion resistivity profile data are output.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is an inversion result obtained by using a conventional seismic inversion technique, and fig. 5 is an inversion result obtained after inversion by an electromagnetic method based on a fluid identification and amplification method combining electromagnetic and seismic according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the resistivity in the inversion result is represented by different color depths of a virtual stratum in the diagram. By comparison, the embodiment of the invention adopts an inversion technology combining electromagnetic and seismic, and obtains inverted resistivity profile data with more obvious reservoir characteristics, thereby improving the accuracy of reservoir fluid identification. In addition, the structural characteristics and the electrical characteristics are used as inversion constraint conditions, so that an inversion result is disturbed in a frame constraint range, inversion multi-solution is reduced, and meanwhile electrical change information in a layer is kept.
In some embodiments of the invention, obtaining a resistivity interpretation template comprises the steps of:
determining the fluid type of a reservoir in a multilayer physical stratum by using a logging technology, core measurement and an oil testing process, and acquiring the fluid resistivity of the reservoir under the corresponding fluid type by using the logging technology, wherein the fluid type comprises an oil layer, a gas layer and a water layer;
acquiring resistivity interpretation statistical data of the fluid type and the fluid resistivity in one-to-one correspondence by carrying out a plurality of groups of surveys;
and obtaining a resistivity distribution characteristic used for explaining the type of the fluid according to the resistivity explanation statistical data.
Referring to table 2, the fluid type of the reservoir in the multilayer physical formation is determined by using a logging technology, core measurement and oil testing process through a plurality of opened well heads. After the fluid types are determined, the logging technology is utilized to correspondingly acquire the fluid resistivities of a plurality of reservoirs for a plurality of reservoir fluids one by one, so that statistical results of the fluid types of a plurality of groups of reservoirs and the fluid resistivities of the reservoirs in one by one correspondence are acquired. And analyzing the statistical result to determine the resistivity ranges corresponding to the fluid types of different reservoirs so as to obtain a resistivity explanation template.
TABLE 2
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the resistivity profile includes a water layer resistivity of less than 150 Ω -m, a reservoir resistivity of greater than or equal to 150 Ω -m and less than or equal to 350 Ω -m, and a gas layer resistivity of greater than 350 Ω -m.
Referring to fig. 5, the resistivity distribution characteristics in the resistivity interpretation template are represented by separate bars of different color depths in the map, which are referred to as color gamut bars herein for short, and each block in the color gamut bar represents a corresponding resistivity value range. The method comprises the steps of extracting a region with a protruded color depth in a virtual stratum to determine the region as the fluid in a reservoir, comparing the color of the region with the same color in a color gamut bar to obtain the corresponding resistivity, and finally interpreting the specific fluid type of the region according to a resistivity interpretation template to realize fluid identification. It should be noted that the drawings of the present invention are only used for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and the determination of the fluid type by color comparison is specifically realized by a computer running algorithm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of the reservoir in the inversion result of each formation includes the following steps:
based on windowing, extracting inversion results of the reservoir from the inversion resistivity profile data;
fluid resistivity of the reservoir is extracted from the inversion results of the reservoir.
Referring to fig. 6, the dashed box frames the reservoir fluids in the virtual formation to embody the windowing process. After fluid identification, the fluid types at the four windowing positions are sequentially as follows from left to right: water, oil, water, gas. Through windowing processing, reservoir fluid of the virtual stratum is independently extracted from the inversion result, so that interference of irrelevant stratums can be reduced when fluid identification is carried out, and the efficiency of fluid identification is improved.
A combined electromagnetic and seismic based fluid identification system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises: the device comprises a seismic data acquisition unit, a resistivity acquisition unit and a data processing unit.
The seismic data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic data of the area to be identified, and the seismic data comprise structural characteristics of a multilayer physical stratum along the vertical depth direction;
the resistivity acquisition unit is used for acquiring the resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in the area to be identified;
a data processing unit for performing a method of identifying a fluid based on a combination of electromagnetic and seismic methods as in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect of the invention.
In some embodiments, the seismic data acquisition unit includes a geophone for sensing seismic signals and a seismic surveying instrument for acquiring and recording seismic signals. The resistivity acquisition unit comprises a logging instrument, a small quadrupole device and a rock core measuring instrument, wherein the logging instrument is used for acquiring the resistivity value of a stratum in the depth, the small quadrupole device is used for acquiring the outcrop resistivity value of a field stratum, and the rock core measuring instrument is used for acquiring the resistivity value of the stratum by testing rock cores of different stratums. The data processing unit may employ a computer to execute code written by the electromagnetic and seismic based fluid identification method of embodiments of the first aspect of the invention and to process the acquired seismic data and resistivity parameters.
According to the fluid identification system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake, the seismic data acquisition unit and the resistivity acquisition unit are used for acquiring relevant initial data required by the data processing unit respectively; the method comprises the steps of processing seismic data by using a data processing unit to establish a geological structure model, and performing finite element division by combining resistivity parameters of each layer of physical stratum in a region to be identified to establish a geological electrical model so as to obtain more refined stratum distribution characteristics; and performing constraint inversion by taking the established geological electric model as a constraint condition, thereby extracting more prominent distribution characteristics of reservoir fluid. Compared with the existing oil and gas field exploration and identification system, the fluid identification system based on the combination of electromagnetism and earthquake forms a surveying system sensitive to the stratum structure and the reservoir fluid in an electric and earthquake combination mode, so that the precision of reservoir fluid identification can be improved, the oil and gas distribution rule can be determined, a basis is provided for defining a favorable area of an oil reservoir, the delineation of oil and gas positions in the exploration and development process can be effectively guided, and the oil field development level is improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A fluid identification method based on combination of electromagnetism and earthquake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, and establishing a geological structure model according to the seismic data, wherein the seismic data comprise structural characteristics of multiple layers of physical stratums along the vertical depth direction, and the geological structure model comprises multiple layers of virtual stratums which correspond to the multiple layers of physical stratums one to one;
performing finite element division on the geological structure model so as to divide each layer of the virtual stratum in the geological structure model into a plurality of electrical regions;
acquiring a resistivity parameter of each layer of physical stratum in a region to be identified, and establishing a geological electrical model according to the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum and the geological structure model divided by finite elements, wherein the resistivity parameter corresponding to each layer of physical stratum is used for representing the electrical characteristics of the corresponding physical stratum in a vertical depth domain;
performing electromagnetic inversion on the geological electrical model serving as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inversion resistivity profile data, wherein the inversion resistivity profile data comprises inversion results of all strata in the plurality of layers of virtual strata;
extracting fluid resistivity distribution data of a reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum, and performing fluid identification by combining a resistivity interpretation template to determine a fluid area in the reservoir and a fluid type corresponding to the fluid area; wherein the resistivity interpretation template comprises a plurality of fluid types and resistivity information corresponding to the plurality of fluid types one to one.
2. The fluid identification method according to claim 1, wherein the structural features include physical formation sequence, physical formation thickness distribution, and physical formation spreading pattern in a cross-sectional direction.
3. The fluid identification method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the resistivity parameter of each layer of the physical formation in the area to be identified comprises the following steps:
for each layer of the physical stratum, acquiring a plurality of groups of resistivity data through a plurality of geological exploration modes;
and carrying out weighted average calculation on the multiple groups of resistivity data corresponding to each layer of the physical stratum according to preset weighted average parameters to obtain the resistivity parameters corresponding to each layer of the physical stratum, wherein the weighted average parameters are obtained according to the geological environment influence of the area to be identified.
4. The method of fluid identification as claimed in claim 3 wherein the plurality of sets of resistivity data comprises logging statistics, formation outcrop measurement statistics, drilling coring measurement statistics; for each layer of the physical stratum, acquiring a plurality of groups of resistivity data through a plurality of geological exploration modes, and comprising the following steps:
acquiring the logging statistical data by using a logging technology;
acquiring formation outcrop measurement statistical data by using an outcrop small quadrupole measurement method;
and obtaining the drilling coring measurement statistical data by using a core measurement method.
5. The fluid identification method of claim 4, wherein the weighted average parameter comprises a 70% weighted ratio of the logging statistics, a 15% weighted ratio of the formation outcrop measurement statistics, and a 15% weighted ratio of the drilling coring measurement statistics.
6. The fluid identification method according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic inversion is performed on the geological electrical model as a subdivision constraint condition to obtain inverted resistivity profile data, and the method comprises the following steps:
and taking the structural characteristics and the electrical characteristics as inversion constraint conditions, comparing the average resistivity of the physical stratum obtained by surveying with the theoretically-calculated average resistivity of the physical stratum to obtain a fitting error, performing iterative calculation through an inversion algorithm until the fitting error is within a preset fitting error range, and outputting inversion resistivity profile data.
7. The fluid identification method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the resistivity interpretation template comprises the steps of:
determining the fluid type of the reservoir in the multilayer physical stratum by using a logging technology, core measurement and an oil testing process, and acquiring the fluid resistivity of the reservoir under the corresponding fluid type by using the logging technology, wherein the fluid type comprises an oil layer, a gas layer and a water layer;
acquiring resistivity interpretation statistical data of the fluid type and the fluid resistivity in one-to-one correspondence by carrying out multiple groups of surveys;
and obtaining a resistivity distribution characteristic used for explaining the fluid type according to the resistivity explanation statistical data.
8. The fluid identification method according to claim 7, wherein the resistivity profile includes a water layer resistivity of less than 150 Ω -m, a reservoir resistivity of 150 Ω -m or more and 350 Ω -m or less, and a gas layer resistivity of 350 Ω -m or more.
9. The fluid identification method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting of the fluid resistivity distribution data of the reservoir in the inversion result of each stratum comprises the following steps:
extracting inversion results of the reservoir from the inverted resistivity profile data based on a windowing process;
extracting a fluid resistivity of the reservoir from the inversion results of the reservoir.
10. A system for electromagnetic and seismic based fluid identification, comprising:
the seismic data acquisition unit is used for acquiring seismic data of an area to be identified, wherein the seismic data comprise structural features of a multilayer physical stratum along the vertical depth direction;
the resistivity acquisition unit is used for acquiring the resistivity parameters of each layer of the physical stratum in the area to be identified;
a data processing unit for performing the electromagnetic and seismic based combined fluid identification method of any of claims 1 to 9.
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