CN114704483A - Air cycle machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an air cycle machine, which comprises an expander part, a compressor part, a fan part and a main shaft, wherein the main shaft penetrates through the expander part, the compressor part, the fan part, a first radial bearing, a second radial bearing, a first thrust bearing, a second thrust bearing, a first bleed air pipeline and an air inlet channel; and the gas after passing the second radial bearing can be conducted to the suction port of the compressor section. The invention can effectively take away the friction heat of the high-speed bearing, improve the stability of a rotor system rotating at high speed, recycle the discharged high-pressure airflow, axially position the compressor part and improve the positioning precision.

Description

Air cycle machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of air cycle machines, in particular to an air cycle machine.

Background

An air cycle machine for a compressed air cycle refrigeration system has a rotor supported for high speed rotation by pneumatic bearings. Air friction heat between the bearing and the rotor needs to be removed in time, otherwise, after the heat is accumulated to a certain degree, the bearing is burnt, and the air cycle machine cannot work normally.

Patent CN102200165A discloses a radial bearing with double cooling for an aircraft. The multi-section hollow shaft is jointed and assembled to guide the cooling gas of the whole shaft assembly. The cooling gas not only flows through the gap between the bearing and the outer circular surface of the hollow shaft, but also flows through the inner hole of the hollow shaft, so that two paths of cooling are realized for the bearing, flow distribution needs to be considered, and the shafting structure is complex.

Because the bearings of the air cycle machine in the prior art generate a large amount of heat, if the heat dissipation and cooling are not carried out in time, the bearings can be damaged, and the normal operation of the air cycle machine is influenced; in the scheme of cooling the bearing, the high-pressure airflow after cooling is discharged outside the system, and the technical problems of energy waste and the like exist, so that the invention researches and designs the air cycle machine.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an air cycle machine, which overcomes the defect that the prior art air cycle machine cannot perform heat dissipation and cooling on the bearing and can also accurately position the compression impeller.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an air cycle machine including:

the compressor comprises an expander part, a compressor part, a fan part, a main shaft and a radial shaft, wherein the main shaft penetrates through the expander part, the compressor part and the fan part; the air cycle machine further comprises a first radial bearing, a second radial bearing, a first thrust bearing, a second thrust bearing, a first bleed air pipeline and an air inlet channel, the main shaft is supported by the first radial bearing, the second radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing are all arranged in a first bearing cavity, the radial shaft is sleeved on the periphery of a part of shaft section of the main shaft, one axial end of the radial shaft can axially position the compressor part, and the second radial bearing is arranged in a second bearing cavity;

one end of the first bleed air pipeline can introduce gas from an expansion cavity of the expander part, the other end of the first bleed air pipeline is communicated with one end of the air inlet channel, the other end of the air inlet channel is communicated with the first bearing cavity and used for conveying cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, a cooling channel is arranged inside the main shaft and can conduct the gas in the first bearing cavity into the second bearing cavity and used for conveying cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing; and the gas passing through the second radial bearing can be conducted to a suction port of the compressor section.

In some embodiments, the first radial bearing is sleeved on an outer periphery of a partial shaft section of the radial shaft; the second thrust bearing is also sleeved on the periphery of part of the shaft section of the radial shaft, an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the radial shaft, and the second thrust bearing is arranged in the annular groove to axially limit the radial shaft; the radial shaft is fixedly connected with the main shaft.

In some embodiments, the cooling passage includes a first cooling passage having one end communicating with the first bearing cavity and the other end communicating with the second cooling passage, a second cooling passage extending in the axial direction of the main shaft, and a third cooling passage having one end communicating with one end of the second cooling passage and the other end communicating with the second bearing cavity.

In some embodiments, the radial shaft is further provided with a radial air hole, and one end of the radial air hole is communicated with the first bearing cavity, and the other end of the radial air hole is communicated with the first cooling channel.

In some embodiments, a bearing housing is included, the first bearing cavity being disposed inside the bearing housing, the air inlet passage opening in the bearing housing; the bearing seat is internally provided with a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure, the main shaft is assembled on the bearing seat through the first radial bearing, the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, and the first bearing cavity is positioned in a cavity surrounded by the bearing seat, the main shaft, the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure.

In some embodiments, a partial structure of a thrust shaft is further provided between the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing, one end of the air inlet passage is opposite to the thrust shaft, and cooling air enters the first bearing cavity from the air inlet passage and cools the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing respectively, and then reaches and cools the first radial bearing; then enters the second cooling channel inside the main shaft through the first cooling channel; and cooling gas enters the second cooling channel and then enters the second bearing cavity through the third cooling channel to cool the second radial bearing.

In some embodiments, the other axial end of the radial shaft abuts the thrust shaft.

In some embodiments, a first gap is disposed between the first radial bearing and the main shaft or on the first radial bearing along an axial direction of the first radial bearing, and the first gap can conduct an airflow on one axial side of the first radial bearing to the other axial side of the first radial bearing.

In some embodiments, a second gap is formed between the first thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, a third gap is formed between the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, a fourth gap is formed between the second thrust bearing and the radial shaft or on the second thrust bearing along the axial direction of the second thrust bearing, a fifth gap is formed on the thrust shaft along the axial direction of the thrust shaft, the fifth gap can conduct airflow on one axial side of the thrust shaft to the other axial side of the thrust shaft, and the second thrust bearing is located between the thrust shaft and the first radial bearing.

In some embodiments, the fan further comprises a fan base, the second bearing cavity is arranged in the fan base, the fan base is provided with a third sealing structure and a thrust piece, the main shaft is assembled on the fan base through the second radial bearing, and the second bearing cavity is located in a space surrounded by the fan base, the main shaft, the third sealing structure and the thrust piece.

In some embodiments, a second air-entraining channel is further disposed on the expansion casing of the expander portion, an air guide portion is further disposed on the expansion casing, a third air-entraining channel is disposed on the air guide portion, one end of the first air-entraining pipeline is communicated with one end of the third air-entraining channel, the other end of the third air-entraining channel is communicated with one end of the second air-entraining channel, and the other end of the second air-entraining channel is communicated with the expansion cavity of the expander portion.

In some embodiments, the first radial bearing and the second radial bearing are radial pneumatic bearings; and/or the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing are thrust pneumatic bearings.

In some embodiments, the first cooling channel has a bore diameter of D1, the second cooling channel has a bore diameter of D2, the third cooling channel has a bore diameter of D3, the outer circumferential surface of the shaft section of the main shaft opposite to the second radial bearing is a shaft surface, the outer diameter of the shaft surface is D4, the end surface of the main shaft contacting the compressor part is a shaft positioning surface, the axial distance between the cross section a-a at the position of the first cooling channel and the shaft positioning surface is L1, the axial distance between the cross section B-B at the position of the third cooling channel and the shaft positioning surface is L2, and D3 is greater than or equal to D1, and the bore ratio D1/D4 is 0.05 to 0.2, and the bore ratio D3/D4 is 0.2 to 0.5.

In some embodiments, L1/D4 is 1.5-2.5, and L2/D4 is 3.5-5.5.

In some embodiments, the first cooling channel extends in a radial direction of the main shaft, and the third cooling channel extends in a radial direction of the main shaft; and/or the first cooling channels are arranged in a plurality, the first cooling channels are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft, the third cooling channels are arranged in a plurality, and the third cooling channels are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft.

In some embodiments, when the first cooling channel is plural and the third cooling channel is plural, the number of the first cooling channel is 2 to 12, and the number of the third cooling channel is 2 to 12.

The air cycle machine provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the air cycle machine, the two bearing cavities for accommodating the bearing devices are designed, the air guide pipeline is arranged to enable the air guide pipeline to be connected with the expansion cavity (inlet cavity) of the expansion machine part, low-temperature gas at the suction port of the expansion machine can be introduced through the air inlet channel and enters the first bearing cavity to perform cooling action on the first thrust bearing, the second thrust bearing and the first radial bearing, the gas can be effectively conducted into the second bearing cavity through the cooling channel formed in the main shaft after cooling, the cooling gas flow is in direct contact with the bearing devices needing cooling, a large amount of heat of the bearing devices is taken away, the cooling effect on the bearings is effectively improved, and the heat dissipation capacity is enhanced; meanwhile, the other end of the second bearing cavity is communicated to the air suction port of the compressor part, so that gas which cools the bearing in the first bearing cavity and the second bearing cavity in sequence can be guided into the air suction port of the compressor part, the temperature of the gas at the air suction port of the compressor is increased, the air suction superheat degree is improved, the compression capacity is improved, the energy efficiency of the air cycle machine is improved, and the energy-saving effect is improved; and prevent liquid hammer; therefore, the air circulator can effectively take away the friction heat of the high-speed bearing, improve the stability of a rotor system rotating at high speed, and simultaneously recycle the discharged high-pressure airflow to obtain the energy-saving effect; and the radial shaft sleeved on the periphery of the shaft section of the main shaft part can effectively perform axial positioning on the compressor part, so that an accurate positioning effect is achieved on the compression impeller, the positioning precision is improved, and the stability under high-speed operation is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a structure of a rotor assembly of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor assembly (spindle + thrust shaft + radial shaft) of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the spindle configuration of the air cycle machine of the present invention;

FIG. 4a is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 4;

fig. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of B-B in fig. 4.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an internal cooling flow path of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an internal cooling flow path of an air cycle machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals are represented as:

100. an expander section; 200. a compressor section; 201. an air suction port; 300. a fan section; t01, expander inlet; t02, expander outlet; c01, compressor inlet; c02, compressor outlet; f01, a fan blade air inlet; f02, a fan blade air outlet; z01, rotor;

01. a main shaft; 0101. a first cooling channel; 0102. a second cooling channel; 0103. a third cooling channel; 0104. a shaft surface; 0105. a shaft locating surface; 02. a radial axis; 0200. radial air holes; 0201. a first radial bearing; 0202. a second radial bearing; 0203. a first thrust bearing; 0204. a second thrust bearing; 03. a thrust shaft; 0301. a fifth gap; 04. an expansion shell; 0401. a second bleed air passage; 05. an air guide part; 0501. a third bleed air passage; 06. a first bleed air line; 07. a bearing seat; 0701. an air intake passage; 08. a first seal structure; 09. a second seal structure; 10. a fan base; 11. a third seal structure; 12. a thrust member; 13. a fourth seal structure; 1001. a bypass gas path; q1, a first bearing cavity; q2, second bearing cavity.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides an air cycle machine, including:

the compressor comprises an expander part 100, a compressor part 200, a fan part 300, a main shaft 01 and a radial shaft 02, wherein the main shaft 01 penetrates through the expander part 100, the compressor part 200 and the fan part 300; the air cycle machine further comprises a first radial bearing 0201, a second radial bearing 0202, a first thrust bearing 0203, a second thrust bearing 0204, a first bleed air pipeline 06 and an air inlet channel 0701, wherein the main shaft 01 is supported by the first radial bearing 0201, the second radial bearing 0202, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204, the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204 are all arranged in a first bearing cavity q1, the radial shaft 02 is sleeved on part of the periphery of the shaft section of the main shaft 01, one axial end of the radial shaft 02 can axially position the compressor part, and the second radial bearing 0202 is arranged in a second bearing cavity q 2;

the first bleed air line 06 is capable of introducing gas from the expansion chamber of the expander portion 100 at one end thereof and communicates with one end of the air intake passage 0701 at the other end thereof, the air intake passage 0701 communicates with the first bearing chamber q1 at the other end thereof for supplying cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204, and a cooling passage is provided inside the main shaft 01, the cooling passage is capable of conducting the gas in the first bearing chamber q1 to the second bearing chamber q2 for supplying cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing 0202; and the gas passing through the second radial bearing 0202 can be conducted to the suction port 201 of the compressor section 200.

According to the air cycle machine, the two bearing cavities for accommodating the bearing devices are designed, the air guide pipeline is arranged to enable the air guide pipeline to be connected with the expansion cavity (inlet cavity) of the expansion machine part, low-temperature gas at the suction inlet of the expansion machine can be introduced through the air inlet channel and enters the first bearing cavity to cool the first thrust bearing, the second thrust bearing and the first radial bearing, after cooling, the gas can be effectively conducted into the second bearing cavity through the cooling channel arranged in the main shaft and is used for cooling the second radial bearing, cooling air flow is in direct contact with the bearing devices needing cooling, a large amount of heat of the bearing devices is taken away, the cooling effect on the bearings is effectively improved, and the heat dissipation capacity is enhanced; meanwhile, the other end of the second bearing cavity is communicated to the air suction port of the compressor part, so that gas which cools the bearing in the first bearing cavity and the second bearing cavity in sequence can be guided into the air suction port of the compressor part, the temperature of the gas at the air suction port of the compressor is increased, the air suction superheat degree is improved, the compression capacity is improved, the energy efficiency of the air cycle machine is improved, and the energy-saving effect is improved; and prevent liquid hammer; therefore, the air circulator can effectively take away the friction heat of the high-speed bearing, improve the stability of a rotor system rotating at high speed, and simultaneously recycle the discharged high-pressure airflow to obtain the energy-saving effect; and the radial shaft sleeved on the periphery of the shaft section of the main shaft part can effectively perform axial positioning on the compressor part, so that an accurate positioning effect is achieved on the compression impeller, the positioning precision is improved, and the stability under high-speed operation is ensured.

1. The invention provides a main shaft structure with an airflow cooling flow path, wherein the main shaft, a radial shaft and the main shaft jointly form a shaft system with a communicated air path.

2. The invention provides a cooling gas flow path. And air passages are arranged on the shaft system and the structure adjacent to the shaft system, so that the self-cooling function of the pneumatic bearing of the supporting shaft system is realized.

3. An air cycle machine includes a shafting and a cooling flow path.

The technical problem to be solved is as follows:

1. solves the technical problem of cooling the pneumatic bearing of the air cycle machine,

2. solves the problem of flow distribution when the pneumatic bearings at different positions are cooled,

has the advantages that:

1. the cooling flow path of the invention realizes the self-cooling function of the pneumatic bearing of the bearing shafting and ensures the reliability of the rotor system rotating at high speed.

2. The invention adopts the shafting with the through gas circuit to realize a cooling flow path, and the flow distribution is not needed to be carried out aiming at the cooling of the pneumatic bearings at different positions.

As shown in fig. 1. The rotary power of rotor Z01 comes from the expansion work of gas, the gas flows into T01 and expands to do work, the temperature of the gas after doing work is reduced, the low temperature gas flows out from T02 and is delivered to the area needing refrigeration. The work of expansion drives the rotor Z01 to rotate, and the compression impeller on the rotor Z01 sucks gas in from C01, compresses it and discharges it from C02. Meanwhile, the fan blades on the rotor Z01 suck air from the F01 and discharge the air at the F02 to drive cooling airflow.

As shown in fig. 2. In the air cycle machine, the rotor Z01 is supported by a first radial bearing 0201 and a second radial bearing 0202 in the radial direction, and the rotor Z01 is supported by a first thrust bearing 0203 and a second thrust bearing 0204 in the axial direction.

As shown in fig. 3. A set of shaft system is arranged in the rotor Z01, and the shaft system consists of a main shaft 01, a radial shaft 02 and a thrust shaft 03. A first cooling channel 0101 (radial air holes), a second cooling channel 0102 (axial center hole), and a third cooling channel 0103 (radial air holes) are arranged in the main shaft 01. Radial air holes 0200 are arranged on the radial axis 02. An axial air hole (fifth gap 0301) is arranged on the thrust shaft 03. The hole of the shaft system realizes the air channel through of the shaft system, the technical problem of the air channel connection of the pneumatic bearings (the first radial bearing 0201, the second radial bearing 0202, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204) to be cooled at different positions is solved, and the problem of flow distribution of cooling air flow of the bearings at different positions is solved.

In some embodiments, the first radial bearing 0201 is sleeved on the outer periphery of a part of the shaft section of the radial shaft 02; the second thrust bearing 0204 is also sleeved on the periphery of a part of shaft section of the radial shaft 02, an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the radial shaft 02, and the second thrust bearing 0204 is arranged in the annular groove to axially limit the radial shaft 02; the radial shaft 02 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 01 (for example, in an interference fit manner). The first radial bearing and the second thrust bearing are respectively in relation with the radial shaft, namely the radial shaft is preferably sleeved on the periphery of the main shaft in an interference manner, and the first radial bearing is sleeved on the periphery of the radial shaft so as to achieve the purpose of radially supporting the main shaft through the radial shaft; the second thrust bearing realizes the axial support of the radial shaft through the annular groove arranged on the periphery of the radial shaft so as to achieve the purpose of axially supporting the main shaft.

In some embodiments, the cooling passages include a first cooling passage 0101, a second cooling passage 0102, and a third cooling passage 0103, the first cooling passage 0101 has one end communicating with the first bearing cavity q1 and the other end communicating with the second cooling passage 0102, the second cooling passage 0102 extends in the axial direction of the main shaft 01, and the third cooling passage 0103 has one end communicating with the second cooling passage 0102 and the other end communicating with the second bearing cavity q 2. This is a preferred design of the cooling channel according to the invention, i.e. cooling gas can be introduced from the first bearing chamber through the first cooling channel and into the second cooling channel, which extends in the axial direction to conduct the gas to the third cooling channel, which leads the cooling gas out into the second bearing chamber, so that an effective transfer of cooling gas is achieved, while cooling 3 bearings in the first bearing chamber and 1 bearing in the second bearing chamber.

In some embodiments, the radial shaft 02 further has a radial air hole 0200 formed therein, and one end of the radial air hole 0200 is communicated with the first bearing cavity q1, and the other end thereof is communicated with the first cooling channel 0101. The invention also enables the cooling gas in the first bearing cavity to be conducted into the first cooling channel and into the inner second cooling channel of the main shaft through the radial gas holes 0200 inside the radial shaft.

In some embodiments, including the bearing housing 07, the first bearing cavity q1 is disposed inside the bearing housing 07, and the air inlet passage 0701 opens on the bearing housing 07; a first sealing structure 08 and a second sealing structure 09 are arranged in the bearing seat 07, the main shaft 01 is assembled on the bearing seat 07 through the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204, and the first bearing cavity q1 is positioned in a cavity surrounded by the bearing seat 07, the main shaft 01, the first sealing structure 08 and the second sealing structure 09. This is a further preferred form of construction of the air cycle machine of the present invention in which the bearing housing is adapted to support a plurality of bearings (including the first and second thrust bearings and the first radial bearing), and in which the present invention provides for cooling of the plurality of bearings by providing a first bearing cavity in the bearing housing and an air inlet passage in the bearing housing, whereby cooling air in the expansion chamber can be efficiently introduced into the first bearing cavity.

In some embodiments, at least a partial structure of a thrust shaft 03 is further provided between said first thrust bearing 0203 and said second thrust bearing 0204, one end of said air inlet channel 0701 is opposite to said thrust shaft 03, and cooling gas enters said first bearing cavity q1 from said air inlet channel 0701 and cools said first thrust bearing 0203 and said second thrust bearing 0204, respectively, and then reaches and cools said first radial bearing 0201; then, the cooling medium enters the second cooling channel 0102 inside the main shaft 01 through the first cooling channel 0101; after entering the second cooling channel 0102, the cooling gas enters the second bearing cavity q2 through the third cooling channel 0103 and cools the second radial bearing 0202. The thrust shaft structure is arranged between the two thrust bearings, the thrust shaft structure and the two thrust bearings can perform thrust action on the main shaft in two directions, and the air inlet channel is opposite to the thrust shaft, so that cooling air entering the first bearing cavity can respectively cool the two thrust bearings, and then further cools the first radial bearing, and the effect of effectively cooling the three bearings is realized.

In some embodiments, the other axial end of the radial shaft 02 abuts the thrust shaft 03. One axial end of the radial shaft of the invention forms axial limit to the compression impeller, the other axial end is abutted with the thrust shaft, and thrust conduction to the compression impeller can be realized through the thrust disk and the radial shaft, thereby improving the axial positioning precision of the compression impeller.

In some embodiments, a first gap is disposed between the first radial bearing 0201 and the main shaft 01 or on the first radial bearing 0201 along the axial direction thereof, and the first gap can conduct the airflow at one axial side of the first radial bearing 0201 to the other axial side thereof. According to the invention, through the first gap formed between the first radial bearing and the main shaft or in the first radial bearing along the axial direction, gas preferably passes through the first gap to cool the first radial bearing as shown in fig. 1, and is conducted to the left end of the first radial bearing, so that the cooling and conducting effects are achieved.

In some embodiments, a second gap is formed between the first thrust bearing 0203 and the thrust shaft 03, a third gap is formed between the second thrust bearing 0204 and the thrust shaft 03, a fourth gap is formed between the second thrust bearing 0204 and the radial shaft 02 or on the second thrust bearing 0204 along the axial direction thereof, a fifth gap 0301 is formed on the thrust shaft 03 along the axial direction thereof, the fifth gap can conduct the airflow on one axial side of the thrust shaft 03 to the other axial side thereof, and the second thrust bearing 0204 is located between the thrust shaft 03 and the first radial bearing 0201. The gas entering the first bearing cavity can be cooled through the second gap between the first thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, the gas entering the first bearing cavity can be cooled through the third gap between the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, the gas can be cooled through the third gap between the second thrust bearing and the thrust shaft, the fourth gap can cool the second thrust bearing and can conduct the cooling gas to the first radial bearing, the fifth gap can enable the gas which has cooled the first thrust bearing to pass through the thrust shaft to reach the second thrust bearing, the effect of effective conduction of the cooling gas is achieved, and the effects of gas cooling and gas transmission are achieved.

As shown in fig. 5. The bearing housing 07, the first seal structure 08, the second seal structure 09, the radial shaft 02 and the thrust shaft 03 constitute a cavity (a first bearing cavity q1), and the first bearing cavity q1 accommodates the first radial bearing 0201, the first thrust bearing 0203 and the second thrust bearing 0204.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6. The air flow 1 drawn out of the expansion housing 04 flows through the second bleed air channel 0401, the third bleed air channel 0501, the first bleed air line 06 and the air inlet channel 0701 in this order into the first bearing chamber q 1. The gas flow 1 is divided into two parts, a gas flow 11 and a gas flow 12. The air flow 11 passes through the gap between the first thrust bearing 0203 and the thrust shaft 03, and carries away heat generated when the thrust shaft 03 rotates at a high speed relative to the first thrust bearing 0203. The air flow 12 passes through the gap between the second thrust bearing 0204 and the thrust shaft 03, and carries away heat generated when the thrust shaft 03 rotates at a high speed relative to the second thrust bearing 0204. The air stream 11 passes through the axial air hole (fifth gap 0301), then merges with the air stream 12 to form an air stream 2, flows through the gap between the first radial bearing 0201 and the hollow radial shaft 02, and carries away heat generated when the radial shaft 02 rotates at a high speed relative to the first radial bearing 0201. The gas flow 2 flows through the radial gas holes 0200 and the radial gas holes (the first cooling channels 0101) in sequence, and then converges into a gas flow 3 in the axial mesopore (the second cooling channels 0102).

In some embodiments, the wind turbine further comprises a wind turbine base 10, the second bearing cavity q2 is disposed in the wind turbine base 10, a third sealing structure 11 and a thrust piece 12 are disposed on the wind turbine base 10, the main shaft 01 is assembled on the wind turbine base 10 through the second radial bearing 0202, and the second bearing cavity q2 is located in a space surrounded by the wind turbine base 10, the main shaft 01, the third sealing structure 11 and the thrust piece 12. The fan seat can form a second bearing cavity in the fan seat, so that one end of the main shaft is supported on the second bearing cavity, the third sealing structure can seal the second bearing cavity, and the second bearing cavity is formed in a space surrounded by the thrust piece, the third sealing structure and the fan seat.

In some embodiments, a second bleed air channel 0401 is further disposed on the expansion housing 04 of the expander section 100, an air guide 05 is further disposed on the expansion housing 04, a third bleed air channel 0501 is disposed on the air guide 05, one end of the first bleed air line 06 communicates with one end of the third bleed air channel 0501, the other end of the third bleed air channel 0501 communicates with one end of the second bleed air channel 0401, and the other end of the second bleed air channel 0401 communicates with an expansion chamber of the expander section. According to the invention, the cooling gas in the expansion cavity can be effectively guided into the first bearing cavity to cool the bearing through the arrangement of the second air guide channel, the air guide part and the third air guide channel, and the transmission of the cooling gas is realized through the cooling channel in the main shaft, so that the effect of cooling the bearing in the second bearing cavity is realized.

As shown in fig. 5. At the inlet of the expansion housing 04, a gas circuit (second bleed air channel 0401) is provided. An air path (third air introduction channel 0501) is arranged on the component (air guide 05). The third bleed air channel 0501 is connected through the second bleed air channel 0401. The first bleed air line 06 is assembled in one piece with the air guide 05. The first bleed air line 06 passes through the third bleed air channel 0501. An air inlet channel 0701 is arranged in the bearing block 07, and the air inlet channel 0701 is connected with the first bleed air pipeline 06 in a penetrating manner.

As shown in fig. 5. The fan base 10, the third seal structure 11, the thrust member 12, and the main shaft 01 constitute a second bearing cavity q2, and the second bearing cavity q2 accommodates a second radial bearing 0202.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6. The gas stream 3 in the axial middle bore (second cooling passage 0102) flows through the radial gas holes (third cooling passage 0103) into the second bearing cavity q 2. The air flow 4 in the second bearing chamber q2 flows through the gap between the second radial bearing 0202 and the main shaft 01, and carries away heat generated when the main shaft 01 rotates at a high speed relative to the second radial bearing 0202. Finally, the airflow 4 is sucked by the compressor and enters the subsequent circulation.

In some embodiments, said first radial bearing 0201 and said second radial bearing 0202 are radial pneumatic bearings; and/or, said first thrust bearing 0203 and said second thrust bearing 0204 push the pneumatic bearing. This is a preferred embodiment of the radial bearing and of the thrust bearing according to the invention.

In some embodiments, the first cooling channel 0101 has a hole diameter D1, the second cooling channel 0102 has a hole diameter D2, the third cooling channel 0103 has a hole diameter D3, the outer peripheral surface of the shaft section of the main shaft 01 facing the second radial bearing 0202 is a shaft surface 0104 having an outer diameter D4, the end surface of the main shaft 01 contacting the compressor portion 200 is a shaft positioning surface 0105, the axial distance between the cross section a-a of the first cooling channel 0101 and the shaft positioning surface 0105 is L1, the axial distance between the cross section B-B of the third cooling channel 0103 and the shaft positioning surface 0105 is L2, and the hole diameter D3 is no less than D1, and the hole diameter ratio D1/D4 is 0.05 to 0.2, and the hole diameter D3/D4 is 0.2 to 0.5.

As shown in fig. 4. Geometrical characteristics of the main shaft 01 contained in the shafting: radial air holes (first cooling channel 0101), axial middle holes (second cooling channel 0102), radial air holes (third cooling channel 0103), shaft surface 0104 and shaft positioning surface 0105. Spindle 01 dimensional parameters: first cooling channel 0101 diameter D1(mm), second cooling channel 0102 diameter D2(mm), third cooling channel 0103 diameter D3(mm), shaft face 0104 diameter D4(mm), first cooling channel 0101 cross-section A-A to shaft locating surface 0105's distance L1, third cooling channel 0103 cross-section B-B to shaft locating surface 0105's distance L2.

Considering the volume expansion of the heated gas, D3 is more than or equal to D1 to ensure the smooth circulation of the cooling fluid. Comprehensively considering the strength of the rotor shaft and the flow loss of the cooling fluid, the aperture ratio D1/D4 is 0.05-0.2, and the aperture ratio D3/D4 is 0.05-0.2; for processing economy, D1/D4 ═ D3/D4 ═ 0.1 is preferred; the aperture ratio is small, the strength of the rotor shaft is high, but the flow loss of the cooling fluid is large; the aperture ratio takes a large value, the flow loss of the cooling fluid is small, but the rotor shaft strength is low. The aperture ratio D2/D4 is 0.2-0.5, preferably D2/D4 is 0.34, and the rigidity of the rotor shaft and the flow loss of the cooling fluid are comprehensively considered; the aperture ratio D2/D4 is small, the rigidity of the rotor shaft is high, but the flow loss of the cooling fluid is large; the aperture ratio D2/D4 is large, the flow loss of the cooling fluid is small, but the rigidity of the rotor shaft is low.

In some embodiments, L1/D4 is 1.5-2.5, and L2/D4 is 3.5-5.5.

As shown in fig. 2 and 4. To support the rotor Z01, the positions of the first radial bearing 0201 and the second radial bearing 0202 with respect to the shaft positioning surface 0105 are determined. To avoid that the third cooling channel 0103 damages the effective bearing surface of the second radial bearing 0202, the distance L2 from the cross section B-B of the third cooling channel 0103 to the shaft positioning surface 0105 cannot be too small. Considering the compactness of the air cycle machine, L2 can not be too large. The aspect ratio L2/D4 is determined to be 3.5-5.5, and preferably 4.14 in comprehensive consideration. For the sake of compactness, the distance L1 from the cross section a-a of the first cooling passage 0101 to the shaft positioning surface 0105 is in a certain range. Too large or too small L1 results in the first cooling channel 0101 being covered when the radial shaft 02 is assembled with the main shaft 01. The aspect ratio L1/D4 is 1.5-2.5.

In some embodiments, the first cooling channel 0101 extends in the radial direction of the main shaft 01, and the third cooling channel 0103 extends in the radial direction of the main shaft 01; and/or, the first cooling passages 0101 are multiple, the multiple first cooling passages 0101 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft 01, the multiple third cooling passages 0103 are multiple, and the multiple third cooling passages 0103 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft 01.

In some embodiments, when the first cooling channel 0101 is plural and the third cooling channel 0103 is plural, the number of the first cooling channel 0101 is 2 to 12 and the number of the third cooling channel 0103 is 2 to 12. As shown in fig. 4. The first cooling channel 0101 and the third cooling channel 0103 are perpendicular to the rotating shaft and are circumferentially and uniformly arranged. The number of holes is 2-12, too many holes weaken the strength of the shaft, too few holes are difficult to ensure the flow area, and the preferred number of holes is 8.

An alternative embodiment is shown in figure 7. The fan base 10, the third sealing structure 11, the thrust block 12, the main shaft 01 and the fourth sealing structure 13 form a cavity q3, and the cavity q3 accommodates a second radial bearing 0202.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8. The gas stream 3 in the second cooling passage 0102 flows through the third cooling passage 0103 into the cavity q 3. The airflow 4 in the cavity q3 flows through the gap between the second radial bearing 0202 and the main shaft 01, takes away heat generated when the main shaft 01 rotates at a high speed relative to the second radial bearing 0202, and flows into the bypass air passage 1001 of the fan base 10 to form an airflow 5. Finally, airflow 5 exits the air cycle machine from the fan side. However, the cooling air flow of the embodiment is finally discharged out of the air circulating machine and cannot participate in the working medium circulation of the air conditioning assembly, so that high-pressure air flow is wasted.

It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. An air cycle machine, comprising:

-an expander section (100), -a compressor section (200), -a fan section (300), -a main shaft (01) and a radial shaft (02), said main shaft (01) passing through said expander section (100), -said compressor section (200) and said fan section (300); the air cycle machine further comprises a first radial bearing (0201), a second radial bearing (0202), a first thrust bearing (0203) and a second thrust bearing (0204), a first bleed air line (06) and an air inlet channel (0701), the main shaft (01) is supported by the first radial bearing (0201), the second radial bearing (0202), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204), the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204) are all arranged in a first bearing cavity (q1), the radial shaft (02) is sleeved on the periphery of a partial shaft section of the main shaft (01), one axial end of the radial shaft (02) can axially position the compressor portion, and the second radial bearing (0202) is arranged in a second bearing cavity (q 2);

the first gas guiding pipeline (06) is capable of introducing gas from an expansion cavity of the expander part (100) at one end and is communicated with one end of the gas inlet channel (0701) at the other end, the gas inlet channel (0701) is communicated with the first bearing cavity (q1) at the other end and is used for conveying cooling air for cooling the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204), a cooling channel is arranged inside the main shaft (01) and is capable of conducting the gas in the first bearing cavity (q1) to the second bearing cavity (q2) and is used for conveying the cooling air for cooling the second radial bearing (q 382); and the gas passing through the second radial bearing (0202) can be conducted to the suction port (201) of the compressor part (200).

2. An air cycle machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the first radial bearing (0201) is fitted around the outer circumference of a part of the shaft section of the radial shaft (02); the second thrust bearing (0204) is also sleeved on the periphery of a part of shaft section of the radial shaft (02), an annular groove is formed in the periphery of the radial shaft (02), and the second thrust bearing (0204) is arranged in the annular groove to axially limit the radial shaft (02); the radial shaft (02) is fixedly connected with the main shaft (01).

3. The air cycle machine according to claim 2, wherein the cooling passages include a first cooling passage (0101), a second cooling passage (0102), and a third cooling passage (0103), the first cooling passage (0101) communicating with the first bearing cavity (q1) at one end and the second cooling passage (0102) at the other end, the second cooling passage (0102) extending in the axial direction of the main shaft (01), the third cooling passage (0103) communicating with the second cooling passage (0102) at one end and the second bearing cavity (q2) at the other end.

4. An air cycle machine according to claim 3, characterized in that said radial shaft (02) is further provided with radial air holes (0200), one end of said radial air holes (0200) being in communication with said first bearing cavity (q1) and the other end being in communication with said first cooling channel (0101).

5. The air cycle machine of claim 1, comprising a bearing housing (07), the first bearing cavity (q1) being disposed inside the bearing housing (07), the air inlet passage (0701) opening on the bearing housing (07); the bearing seat (07) is internally provided with a first sealing structure (08) and a second sealing structure (09), the main shaft (01) is assembled on the bearing seat (07) through the first radial bearing (0201), the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204), and the first bearing cavity (q1) is positioned in a cavity surrounded by the bearing seat (07), the main shaft (01), the first sealing structure (08) and the second sealing structure (09).

6. An air cycle machine according to claim 3, characterized in that between said first thrust bearing (0203) and said second thrust bearing (0204) there is further provided at least part of the structure of a thrust shaft (03), said inlet channel (0701) having one end opposite to said thrust shaft (03), cooling gas entering from said inlet channel (0701) into said first bearing cavity (q1) and cooling said first thrust bearing (0203) and said second thrust bearing (0204), respectively, before reaching said first radial bearing (0201) and cooling it; then enters the second cooling channel (0102) inside the main shaft (01) through the first cooling channel (0101); cooling gas enters the second cooling channel (0102) and then enters the second bearing cavity (q2) through the third cooling channel (0103) and cools the second radial bearing (0202).

7. The air cycle machine of claim 6, wherein an axially opposite end of the radial shaft (02) abuts the thrust shaft (03).

8. An air cycle machine according to claim 6, characterized in that a first gap is provided between said first radial bearing (0201) and said main shaft (01) or on said first radial bearing (0201) in its axial direction, said first gap being capable of conducting an air flow at one axial side of said first radial bearing (0201) to the other axial side thereof.

9. The air cycle machine according to claim 8, wherein a second gap is provided between said first thrust bearing (0203) and said thrust shaft (03), a third gap is provided between said second thrust bearing (0204) and said thrust shaft (03), a fourth gap is provided between said second thrust bearing (0204) and said radial shaft (02) or on said second thrust bearing (0204) along an axial direction thereof, a fifth gap (0301) is provided on said thrust shaft (03) along an axial direction thereof, said fifth gap is capable of conducting an air flow on one axial side of said thrust shaft (03) to the other axial side thereof, and said second thrust bearing (0204) is located between said thrust shaft (03) and said first radial bearing (0201).

10. An air cycle machine according to claim 9, further comprising a fan base (10), wherein said second bearing cavity (q2) is provided in said fan base (10), wherein said fan base (10) is provided with a third sealing structure (11) and a thrust piece (12), wherein said main shaft (01) is mounted on said fan base (10) through said second radial bearing (0202), and wherein said second bearing cavity (q2) is located in a space enclosed by said fan base (10), said main shaft (01), said third sealing structure (11) and said thrust piece (12).

11. The air cycle machine according to any of claims 1-10, characterized in that a second bleed air channel (0401) is further provided on the expansion housing (04) of the expander section (100), that an air guide (05) is further provided on the expansion housing (04), that a third bleed air channel (0501) is provided on the air guide (05), that one end of the first bleed air line (06) communicates with one end of the third bleed air channel (0501), that the other end of the third bleed air channel (0501) communicates with one end of the second bleed air channel (0401), and that the other end of the second bleed air channel (0401) communicates with an expansion chamber of the expander section.

12. An air cycle machine according to any of claims 1-11, characterized in that said first radial bearing (0201) and said second radial bearing (0202) are radial pneumatic bearings; and/or the first thrust bearing (0203) and the second thrust bearing (0204) are thrust pneumatic bearings.

13. The air cycle machine according to claim 3, wherein the first cooling channel (0101) has a bore diameter D1, the second cooling channel (0102) has a bore diameter D2, the third cooling channel (0103) has a bore diameter D3, the outer circumferential surface of the shaft section of the main shaft (01) opposite to the second radial bearing (0202) is a shaft surface (0104) having an outer diameter D4, the end surface of the main shaft (01) that meets the compressor part (200) is a shaft positioning surface (0105), and the axial distance between the cross section A-A at the position of the first cooling channel (0101) and the shaft positioning surface (0105) is L1, the axial distance between the cross section B-B at the position of the third cooling channel (0103) and the shaft positioning surface (0105) is L2, and has a D3D 1, and the bore diameter ratio D1/D4 is 0.05-380.05, the aperture ratio D3/D4 is 0.2 to 0.5.

14. The air cycle machine of claim 13, wherein L1/D4 is 1.5-2.5, and L2/D4 is 3.5-5.5.

15. The air cycle machine of claim 3, wherein the first cooling channel (0101) extends in a radial direction of the main shaft (01), the third cooling channel (0103) extends in a radial direction of the main shaft (01); and/or, the first cooling channels (0101) are multiple, the first cooling channels (0101) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft (01), the third cooling channels (0103) are multiple, and the third cooling channels (0103) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the main shaft (01).

16. The air cycle machine according to claim 15, wherein when the first cooling passage (0101) is plural and the third cooling passage (0103) is plural, the number of the first cooling passage (0101) is 2 to 12 and the number of the third cooling passage (0103) is 2 to 12.

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