CN114703432A - Niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferritic stainless steel, and particularly relates to niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof. The niobium stable nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 1.2 percent of Ni, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of C, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of N, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Mn and 11.00 to 1 percent of Cr4.50 percent of Nb, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel of the invention has good corrosion resistance and high strength, wherein, the yield strength (R)p0.2) More than or equal to 280Mpa, tensile strength (R)m)≥400Mpa。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferritic stainless steel, and particularly relates to niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since ferritic stainless steel contains no nickel or a small amount of noble metal nickel, it is widely used in the manufacture of industrial parts in the automobile industry, home appliances, and the like, because it has low cost of manufacturing raw materials, and excellent corrosion resistance and workability inherent to ferritic stainless steel, compared to austenitic stainless steel, duplex steel, and the like, which have a high nickel content. In the case of selecting steel for automobile flanges in a low-temperature environment, it is necessary to have good mechanical properties, particularly excellent impact toughness, and good weldability, in addition to satisfactory corrosion resistance. Despite modern advanced stainless steel production techniques, it has been possible to ensure that typical impurity elements C, N, 0, etc. are kept within a low range. However, it has some disadvantages or shortcomings, such as insufficient toughness at room temperature and low temperature, for example, the impact energy of conventional ferritic stainless steel SUH409L is only 8-23J at room temperature and only 1-7J at 0 ℃, which greatly limits the application range in low temperature environment. At the same time, ferritic stainless steels are less strong, thereby limiting their use as structural components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
Specifically, the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 1.2 percent of Ni, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of C, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of N, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Mn, 11.00 to 14.50 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting molten iron by adopting a converter to obtain first molten steel;
(2) introducing the first molten steel into a VOD furnace, and performing vacuum decarburization and denitrification treatment to obtain second molten steel;
(3) introducing the second molten steel into an LF furnace, and adjusting the sulfur content of the molten liquid in the LF furnace to obtain third molten steel;
(4) and obtaining the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel product after continuous casting, coping, hot rolling, annealing and acid washing.
According to the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel, the first molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.20 to 0.30 percent of C, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Si, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, the contents of C, Si and Ni in the second molten steel are respectively 0.006-0.010% of C, 0.20-0.80% of Si and 0.50-1.20% of Ni in percentage by weight.
According to the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel, the third molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.030 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.20 to 0.80 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Ni, 0.12 to 0.30 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, the casting temperature is controlled to be 1545 and 1565 ℃ in the continuous casting process.
In the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, in the hot rolling procedure, the heating and heat preservation temperature is 1130-.
In the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, in the annealing process, the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.0-2.5min/mm thickness.
In the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, the sulfuric acid concentration is 150-300g/L, the nitric acid concentration is 100-300g/L, and the acid solution temperature is 30-80 ℃ in the acid pickling process.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferrite of the present inventionThe steel is low-nickel low-chromium monostable ferrite stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and higher strength, wherein the yield strength (R)p0.2) Greater than or equal to 280MPa, tensile strength (R)m)≥400Mpa；
(2) The niobium stable nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel of the invention combines the niobium element and the nickel element to obtain the low-nickel low-chromium monostable setting ferritic stainless steel with the impact energy (AK) of more than or equal to 120J at room temperature (-25 ℃) and more than or equal to 30J at-40 ℃;
(3) according to the preparation method of the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, disclosed by the invention, the processes of steel making, continuous casting, hot rolling, annealing and pickling are adopted, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel with stable product performance is obtained.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein do not denote any order or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, and the terms "the," "one," and "an" do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The terms "preferred", "more preferred", and the like, refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
When a range of values is disclosed herein, the range is considered to be continuous and includes both the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as each value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range is included. Further, when multiple range-describing features or characteristics are provided, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein.
Specifically, the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 1.2 percent of Ni, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of C, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of N, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Mn, 11.00 to 14.50 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to the invention, a proper amount of Ni is added into the ferritic stainless steel to ensure good low-temperature impact toughness and improve strength, lower C, N content is ensured, C, N in the steel is stably fixed by Nb, and impurity elements such as O, S, P in the steel are controlled to ensure corrosion and good processability of the stainless steel.
The effects of the elements in the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Ni: ni element is a good solid solution strengthening element, and when dissolved into base metal, the Ni element can cause lattice distortion and hinder dislocation movement, thereby increasing the yield strength; the strength of the ferritic stainless steel can be obviously improved, the low-temperature toughness is obviously improved, and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the ferritic stainless steel is reduced. Ni is an austenite strengthening element, and when the content of Ni is too low, the Ni cannot act in the matrix, and when the content of Ni is too high, a martensite structure exists at room temperature after high-temperature annealing, so that the strength of the matrix is increased, and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the present invention limits the content thereof to 0.50 to 1.20 wt%, preferably, 0.60 to 1.00 wt%, most preferably, 0.80 to 0.90 wt%.
C. N: the solubility of C element and N element in ferritic stainless steel is very low, and therefore carbide (Cr, Fe) is inevitably precipitated during heating at high temperature and subsequent cooling23C6And (Cr, Fe)7C3Etc.) and nitrides (CrN and Cr2N) to create Cr-poor regions, resulting in significant corrosion resistance in these regionsAnd (5) reducing. In addition, too high carbon and nitrogen are not favorable for lowering the ductile-brittle transition temperature. Therefore, in the present invention, the C content is limited to 0.0005 to 0.0300 wt%, preferably, 0.0005 to 0.0015 wt%, and most preferably, 0.0005 to 0.0080 wt%, and the N content is limited to 0.0005 to 0.0300, preferably, 0.0005 to 0.015 wt%, and most preferably, 0.0005 to 0.0080 wt%.
Cr: the Cr element is an alloy element that imparts a ferritic structure to ferritic stainless steel and has good corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance is the biggest influence of Cr on the performance of the ferritic stainless steel, which is mainly reflected in the improvement of the performance of the steel against oxidation media and acid chloride media, and the chromium can rapidly generate chromium oxide (Cr) on the surface of the stainless steel in the oxidation media2O3) And (5) passivating the film. Therefore, the present invention limits the Cr content to 11.0 to 14.5 wt%, preferably 11.0 to 12.5 wt%, and most preferably 11.3 to 11.75 wt%.
Mn, Si: mn element and Si element are added as deoxidizing elements, and if the Mn element and Si element are too low, the purity of the steel is not favorable, and if the Mn element and Si element are too high, the impact toughness is not favorable. Therefore, the present invention limits the Mn, Si content to 0.15-0.80 wt%, preferably, 0.15-0.60 wt%, and most preferably, 0.15-0.40 wt%.
Nb: nb is a strong carbon and nitrogen compound forming element, the growth of crystal grains in a hot rolling state can be delayed by separating out the carbon and the nitrogen compound among the crystal grains, and the growth of the crystal grains can also be limited in an annealing process; meanwhile, the Nb element effectively reduces the grain size of a fusion line in welding, thereby reducing the width of columnar crystals of the welding line attached to the crystals. Therefore, the present invention limits the Nb content to 0.10 to 0.30 wt%, preferably, 0.10 to 0.25 wt%, and most preferably, 0.10 to 0.16 wt%.
Cr is a main element influencing the corrosion resistance of the ferritic stainless steel, but C, N in the steel is prior to O and a compound forming chromium, so that local chromium is easy to form, and the local corrosion resistance is reduced; and Nb is added into the steel and is combined with C, N in preference to Cr, so that the phenomenon of local chromium depletion is avoided, precipitates can be used for rapid nucleation, the equiaxed crystal rate of a continuous casting billet is improved, the coarsening of crystal grains can be prevented in the recovery recrystallization period, and the toughness of a product is improved.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel, comprising:
(1) smelting molten iron by adopting a converter to obtain first molten steel;
(2) introducing the first molten steel into a VOD furnace, and performing vacuum decarburization and denitrification treatment to obtain second molten steel;
(3) introducing the second molten steel into an LF furnace, and adjusting the sulfur content of the molten liquid in the LF furnace to obtain third molten steel;
(4) and obtaining the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel product after continuous casting, coping, hot rolling, annealing and acid washing.
According to the preparation method of the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel, disclosed by the invention, the processes of steel making, continuous casting, hot rolling, annealing and pickling are adopted, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel with stable product performance is obtained.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of preparing a niobium stabilized nickel containing ferritic stainless steel of the present invention comprises:
(1) and smelting the molten iron by adopting a converter to obtain first molten steel.
Preferably, the molten iron is pretreated by a blast furnace before being introduced into the converter, and P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 wt% and S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.035 wt%.
Preferably, the inert gas is introduced in the whole smelting process of the converter.
Further preferably, the inert gas is argon.
Preferably, the first molten steel comprises, by weight: 0.20 to 0.30 percent of C, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Si, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
(2) and introducing the first molten steel into a VOD furnace, and performing vacuum decarburization and denitrification treatment to obtain second molten steel.
Optionally, a proper amount of Al can be added according to the requirement in the smelting process of the VOD furnace.
Preferably, the contents of C, Si and Ni in the second molten steel are respectively 0.006-0.010 wt%, 0.20-0.80 wt% Si and 0.50-1.20 wt%.
(3) And introducing the second molten steel into the LF furnace, and adjusting the sulfur content of the molten liquid in the LF furnace to obtain third molten steel.
Preferably, the third molten steel comprises, by weight: less than or equal to 0.030 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.20 to 0.80 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Ni, 0.12 to 0.30 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
(4) And obtaining the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel product after continuous casting, coping, hot rolling, annealing and acid washing.
Preferably, in the continuous casting process, the third molten steel is continuously cast into a stainless steel slab, wherein electromagnetic stirring is used in the continuous casting.
Preferably, in the continuous casting process, the steel casting temperature is controlled to 1545-.
Preferably, in the coping process, each surface of the stainless steel slab is dressed so as to grind off visible defects on the surface.
Preferably, in the hot rolling procedure, the heating and heat preservation temperature is 1130-.
Further preferably, in the hot rolling procedure, the rolling temperature is 900-.
Optionally, the target thickness of the hot rolling is 6-12 mm.
Alternatively, the hot rolled coil may be cut into target sized plates as desired.
Preferably, the annealing is normalizing annealing, the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.0-2.5min/mm thickness, so that the strength, hardness and elongation index of the product meet the requirements, and the content of residual martensite is prevented from being controlled below 3%.
Preferably, in the acid cleaning process, the concentration of sulfuric acid is 150-300g/L, the concentration of nitric acid is 100-300g/L, and the temperature of the acid solution is 30-80 ℃, so that the residual alkaline substances brought into the steel coil in the sulfuric acid neutralization rolling process are utilized, and then the residual oxide of the steel coil is eliminated by utilizing the nitric acid, and passivation treatment is carried out, thereby ensuring the corrosion resistance of the product.
It should be noted that the parameters (such as tapping temperature, slag thickness, rolling deformation rate, rolling pass number, etc.) which are not specified in the processes of smelting, continuous casting, coping, rolling, annealing and pickling in the preparation method of the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel can be performed according to the conventional process, and the invention is not limited specifically herein.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were carried out according to conventional methods and conditions.
Examples 1 to 3 are niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steels according to the present invention, and the comparative example is conventional SUH409L stainless steel prepared according to a conventional method. Wherein, the compositions and contents of the stainless steels of examples 1-3 and comparative example are shown in Table 1, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.
Among them, the niobium-stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel of examples 1 to 3 was prepared as follows:
firstly, a step of pretreating blast furnace molten iron, wherein in the molten iron pretreatment process, P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.035 percent;
next, a multi-stage smelting step, which comprises:
firstly, smelting in a converter, wherein pretreated molten iron is introduced into the converter, inert gas is introduced in the whole smelting process of the converter, and the smelting in the converter is controlled so that the produced first molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.20-0.30%, Si 0.05-0.30%, Mn: 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
and secondly, refining in a VOD furnace, wherein the first molten steel is introduced into the VOD furnace, vacuum decarburization and denitrification treatment are carried out, a proper amount of Al is added according to the requirement, and the refining in the VOD furnace is controlled so that the generated second molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.006-0.010% of Si, 0.20-0.80% of Si; ni: 0.50-1.20%.
And finally, refining in an LF (ladle furnace), wherein the second molten steel is introduced into the LF, the sulfur content of the molten liquid in the LF is adjusted, and the refining in the LF is controlled, so that the generated third molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, Si: 0.2-0.80%, Mn: 0.20-0.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.030%, S: less than or equal to 0.005 percent, Cr: 11.0-14.5%, Ni: 0.50-1.20%, Ti: 0.12 to 0.30 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
next, a stainless steel slab continuous casting step, wherein the third molten steel is continuously cast into a stainless steel slab, wherein electromagnetic stirring is used during continuous casting; controlling the steel casting temperature to be 1545-1565 ℃;
next, polishing the stainless steel plate blank, wherein each surface of the stainless steel plate blank is polished to remove visible defects on the surface;
next, a step of hot rolling the stainless steel plate blank, wherein the heating and heat preservation temperature is controlled to be 1130-1230 ℃, the heating and heat preservation time is 9-12min/10mm in thickness, then the rolling temperature of the stainless steel plate blank is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃, the coiling temperature is controlled to be 580-700 ℃, and the target thickness is 8 mm;
next, the hot rolled coil with the specified thickness is cut into plates with target sizes as required;
annealing the stainless steel hot-rolled coil cut plate, wherein the hot-rolled coil cut plate is subjected to normalizing annealing treatment; the normalizing annealing temperature is controlled at 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.0-2.5min/mm thickness;
and next, a step of pickling the stainless steel hot rolled coil and cut plate, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid is controlled to be 150-300g/L, the concentration of nitric acid is controlled to be 100-300g/L, and the temperature of the acid is controlled to be 30-80 ℃.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of stainless steels of examples 1-3 and comparative example
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Nb | Ti | N | |
| Example 1 | 0.007 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.028 | 0.001 | 12.28 | 0.88 | 0.15 | - | 0.008 |
| Example 2 | 0.009 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 12.12 | 0.98 | 0.18 | - | 0.009 |
| Example 3 | 0.006 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.021 | 0.001 | 12.22 | 0.79 | 0.17 | - | 0.007 |
| Comparative example | 0.037 | 2.11 | 0.25 | 0.032 | 0.024 | 13.5 | 0.19 | - | 0.23 | 0.006 |
TABLE 2 EXAMPLES 1-3 AND SUH409L stainless Steel mechanical Properties summary (thickness 8.0mm)
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions that are equivalent to these embodiments are deemed to be within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel is characterized by comprising, in weight percent: 0.5 to 1.2 percent of Ni, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of C, 0.005 to 0.030 percent of N, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.15 to 0.80 percent of Mn, 11.00 to 14.50 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The method of making a niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel of claim 1, comprising:
(1) smelting molten iron by adopting a converter to obtain first molten steel;
(2) introducing the first molten steel into a VOD furnace, and performing vacuum decarburization and denitrification treatment to obtain second molten steel;
(3) introducing the second molten steel into an LF furnace, and adjusting the sulfur content of the molten liquid in the LF furnace to obtain third molten steel;
(4) and obtaining the niobium stable nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel product after continuous casting, coping, hot rolling, annealing and acid washing.
3. The method of making a niobium stabilized nickel containing ferritic stainless steel of claim 2, wherein the first molten steel comprises, in weight percent: 0.20 to 0.30 percent of C, 0.05 to 0.30 percent of Si, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The method of manufacturing a niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel as set forth in claim 2, wherein the second molten steel contains, in weight percent, C0.006% -0.010%, Si 0.20% -0.80%, and Ni 0.50% -1.20%, respectively.
5. The method of making a niobium stabilized nickel containing ferritic stainless steel of claim 2, wherein the third molten steel comprises, in weight percent: less than or equal to 0.030 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.80 percent of Si, 0.20 to 0.80 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, 11.0 to 14.5 percent of Cr, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Ni, 0.12 to 0.30 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
6. The method for preparing the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel as set forth in claim 2, wherein the casting temperature is controlled to 1545-.
7. The method for preparing the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel according to claim 2, wherein in the hot rolling procedure, the heating and heat preservation temperature is 1130-1230 ℃, the heating and heat preservation time is 9-12min/10mm thickness, the rolling temperature is 900-1100 ℃, and the coiling temperature is 580-700 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel as set forth in claim 2, wherein the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃ and the heat-insulating time is 1.0-2.5min/mm in thickness in the annealing process.
9. The method for preparing the niobium stabilized nickel-containing ferritic stainless steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the pickling process, the sulfuric acid concentration is 150-300g/L, the nitric acid concentration is 100-300g/L, and the acid temperature is 30-80 ℃.
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