CN114703196B - 诱导神经元分化的rna组合物、分化方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种诱导神经元分化的RNA组合物，包括修饰后的mRNA和MicroRNA组合物；本发明还提供了利用上述RNA组合物诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的方法，通过瞬时过表达mRNA和MicroRNA组合物，可将多能干细胞在七天内诱导分化为神经元；本发明还提供了上述RNA组合物的应用，用于诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化。本发明通过优化转染过程及mRNA递送系统，显著提高了转染mRNA的翻译效率和mRNA在细胞中的表达量。本发明适用于诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化，分化后的皮层谷氨酸能神经元可进一步应用于人神经相关疾病病理模型的构建。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于细胞工程领域，涉及神经元分化方法，具体地说是一种诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的RNA组合物mod-mRNA 3FM、方法及其应用。
背景技术
近年来，干细胞技术迅速发展，是发育研究、疾病建模和再生医学的研究基础，为人类疾病的研究开辟了新的方向。人类多能干细胞（human pluripotent stem cells,hPSCs），包括胚胎干细胞（human embryonic stem cells, hESCs）及诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs），均具有向神经元分化的潜力。hPSCs定向分化技术为神经退行性疾病的研究提供了更真实的病理生理模型，分化神经细胞移植为神经疾病的治疗提供了新的思路。
现有的分化方案试图模拟发育生物学的分化过程，多依赖于对发育过程中已知信号的调控，如小分子等对Wnt、Hedgehog信号通路的调控，这一分化方法对细胞命运的调控不够精确，存在分化时间过长、分化过程繁琐的问题。另一种分化方法是通过激活转录因子（transcription factors, TFs）进行诱导分化，TFs诱导可以在不同的细胞系间诱导分化细胞，TFs诱导分化一方面可以缩短细胞分化的时间，另一方面可以精确调控细胞命运分化。通过人类TFome的大规模筛选，TFs直接靶向潜在的下游相关效应因子，驱动细胞命运的改变，为细胞工程构建提供了基于TFs的诱导分化策略。
目前大多数研究都是借助病毒、质粒和其他载体过表达实现TFs诱导分化，然而这些方法都是基于DNA过表达的递送技术进行的，具有外来基因整合到基因组中的风险。与此相比，基于mRNA过表达的技术不会整合到基因组中，不会带来插入突变的风险。然而，众所周知，传统的mRNA稳定性差且具有很强的免疫原性，很大程度上限制了mRNA技术的发展。化学修饰的mRNA很大程度上可以降低mRNA引起的免疫反应。通过体外合成与细胞自身mRNA结构类似的IVT mRNA，将其递送至细胞中发挥作用。因此，最近在mRNA合成及修饰方面的进展使得修饰mRNA (mod-mRNA)成为有前途的细胞重编程的方法。基于mod-mRNA系统过表达TFs具有快速、瞬时、高效、剂量可控的蛋白表达，为细胞命运调控与分化提供了更理想的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是要提供一种诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的RNA组合物mod-mRNA 3FM，以实现快速高效地诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化，获得具有电生理功能成熟的皮层谷氨酸能神经元；
本发明的另一个目的，是要提供一种利用上述RNA组合物mod-mRNA 3FM诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的方法，通过优化转染过程及mRNA递送系统，达到提高转染mRNA的翻译效率，显著提高mRNA在细胞中的表达量的目的；
本发明还有一个目的，是要提供上述RNA组合物的应用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种诱导神经元分化的RNA组合物，它包括修饰后的mRNA和MicroRNA组合物。
作为一种限定，所述mRNA为编码NEUROG1蛋白、 NEUROG2蛋白和 NEUROD1蛋白的mRNA。
作为另一种限定，所述修饰方法为CleanCap AG加帽和poly-A加尾。
作为第三种限定，所述MicroRNA组合物包括miR-9和miR-124。
本发明还提供了一种利用上述RNA组合物诱导神经元分化的方法，该方法包括依次进行的以下步骤：
S1.合成NEUROG1、 NEUROG2和 NEUROD1 mRNA，进行CleanCap AG加帽和poly-A加尾修饰，得修饰后的mRNA；
S2.分别合成miR-9和miR-124，得MicroRNA组合物；
S3.将修饰后的mRNA和MicroRNA转染至人类多能干细胞，即得所述神经元。
作为一种限定，所述转染剂为lipostem，转染次数为2次，转染量为200ng/次。
本发明还提供了上述RNA组合物的应用，所述RNA组合物用于诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比，所取得的技术进步在于：
本发明提供的RNA组合物，可以高效诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化、提高皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化效率；
本发明提供的RNA诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的方法，通过优化转染过程及mRNA递送系统，显著提高了转染mRNA的翻译效率和mRNA在细胞中的表达量；
本发明获得的皮层谷氨酸能神经元经RNA-seq、免疫荧光、电生理等功能进行验证，证实获得为具有电生理功能的皮层谷氨酸能神经元。
本发明适用于诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化，分化后的皮层谷氨酸能神经元可进一步应用于人神经相关疾病病理模型的构建。
附图说明
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作更进一步详细说明；
图1为本发明实施例1中mRNA体外修饰效果对比图；
图2为本发明实施例1中B18R mRNA/pro对mRNA免疫反应的影响；
图3为本发明实施例1中转染试剂对转染率的影响；
图4为本发明实施例2中不同转录因子对诱导分化的影响；
图5为本发明实施例3中7天内快速诱导多能干细胞分化神经元；
图6为本发明实施例3中通过RNA-seq鉴定分化神经元为谷氨酸能神经元；
图7为本发明实施例3中通过免疫荧光技术鉴定分化神经元为皮层谷氨酸能神经元；
图8为本发明实施例3中通过电生理技术证实获得神经元具有电生理功能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明，应当理解所描述的实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不限定本发明。
实施例1 体外合成mRNA转染过程的优化
本实施例为体外合成mRNA转染过程的优化实验，包括对mRNA进行修饰和转染条件的优化。
（1）体外合成mRNA转染进细胞后会引起免疫反应，为了提高转染mRNA的翻译效率，对荧光素酶luciferase mRNA依次进行不同UTP修饰、polyA加尾后再转染至细胞中，检测不同修饰方式对mRNA翻译效率的影响，结果如图1所示。
由图1a可知，luciferase采用 Cleancap AG方法加帽优于ARCA加帽的方法；由图1b可知，luciferase添加poly A尾后表达效率显著提高。因此，通过CleanCap AG加帽和poly-A加尾的修饰方法可以显著提高mRNA在细胞中的表达量。
（2）由于RNA转染会引起先天免疫应答激活，为了增加mRNA的表达量，比较分析了B18R mRNA和B18R protein对mRNA表达量的影响，结果如图2所示，可知在加入无关GFPmRNA后，luciferase的表达量显著降低，更多的luciferase mRNA并不能显著增加其在细胞中的蛋白表达，B18R可以作为干扰素IFN受体与之结合，降低细胞免疫反应，加入B18R mRNA或B18R protein均可显著提高mRNA在细胞中的蛋白表达量。
（3）mRNA递送系统也是mod-mRNA技术发展受到限制的原因之一，为了高效地将目的基因在细胞中过表达，研究了lipostem、messenger max、mRNA-in stem及mRNA-in四种转染剂对转染率的影响，结果如图3所示，其中，图3a为不同转染试剂效率比较，图3b为4ullipostem reagent对应转染体系优化，图3c为优化后的转染体系转染GFP检测转染效率。
可知低毒的转染试剂lipostem及mRNA-in stem可以提高转染率，而转染2次，每次转染200ngmRNA的效率极高。
实施例2 一种诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的方法
本实施例提供一种诱导皮层谷氨酸能神经元分化的方法，该方法包括依次进行的以下步骤：
S1.合成NEUROG1、NEUROG2、NEUROD1蛋白的mRNA，对其进行CleancapAG加帽及poly-A加尾修饰，得mod-mRNA；
S2.分别合成miR-9、miR-124，得MicroRNA组合物；
S3.使用4ul转染剂lipostem将600ng S1中mod-mRNA（包括200ng NEUROG1、200ngNEUROG2和200ng NEUROD1）和800ng S2中MicroRNA（包括400ng miR-9、400ng miR-124）分两次转染至人类多能干细胞，七天内即得所述皮层谷氨酸能神经元，如图4所示。
实施例3 皮层谷氨酸能神经元类型及功能验证
激活靶基因是提示得到靶细胞类型的信号，但体外分化所获得的细胞与体内功能是否一致或类似，则需要多方面地验证，我们对实施例2中得到的皮层谷氨酸能神经元的类型及功能进行鉴定；
S1.RNA seq
为了鉴定体外分化产生的神经元类型，我们分别在不同的分化时间点取mRNA进行RNA-seq，以验证不同转录因子对神经分化的影响，根据TUBB3表达筛选出神经诱导组合：NEUROG1、NEUROG2、NEUROD1及miRNAs，结果如图5，通过分析可以看出，体外分化细胞展现出不同的发育阶段。在分化第九天，谷氨酸能神经元中特异表达的基因显著升高，表明其向谷氨酸能神经元的分化效率很高。
S2.蛋白表达
在诱导第七天时分别对神经元markers TUBB3（微管蛋白）、MAP2（微管相关蛋白2）、NESTIN（神经巢蛋白）进行标记，并对谷氨酸能神经元markers vGLUT1（囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白1）、vGLUT2（囊泡型谷氨酸转运蛋白2）进行染色；
待神经元进一步成熟，分别选取第七天、第九天和第十一天的神经元，检测皮层markers TBR1及STAB2抗体蛋白的表达，结果如图6所示，可知其类型为谷氨酸能神经元；
S3.电生理检测：使用膜片钳记录神经细胞电生理
通过免疫荧光技术鉴定神经marker Map2，皮层相关marker TBR1、SATB2，谷氨酸能神经元marker vGLUT1表达，检测分化神经元细胞是否具有动作电位，以及诱导神经元是否对谷氨酸产生快速的电流反应，结果如图7所示，可知诱导神经具有Na+、K+电流及诱发和自发动作电位；
为了进一步证实谷氨酸能的表型，采用谷氨酸受体拮抗剂（AMPA受体拮抗剂CNQX）进行全细胞膜片钳记录电生理，判断诱导神经元能否具有特征的电流反应，结果如图8所示，其中图8a为Na+电流，图8b为K+电流，图8c为自发动作电位，图8d为诱发动作电位，图8e为自发突触后膜电位，图8f为诱发突触后膜电位；由图8可知，诱导神经元具有AMPA型受体。
综上，可得实施例1中得到的神经元类型为皮层谷氨酸能神经元，具有电生理功能，进一步说明实施例中的方法能够快速、稳定、高效诱导出神经元。
Claims (4)
1.一种诱导多能干细胞分化为皮层谷氨酸能神经元的RNA组合物，其特征在于：它包括修饰后的mRNA和MicroRNA组合物；
所述mRNA为编码NEUROG1蛋白、NEUROG2蛋白和 NEUROD1蛋白的mRNA；
所述MicroRNA组合物包括miR-9和miR-124;
所述修饰为CleanCap AG加帽和poly-A加尾。
2.一种利用权利要求1所述的RNA组合物诱导多能干细胞分化为皮层谷氨酸能神经元的方法，其特征在于：该方法包括依次进行的以下步骤：
S1.合成NEUROG1、NEUROG2和 NEUROD1 mRNA，进行CleanCap AG加帽和poly-A加尾修饰，得修饰后的mRNA；
S2.分别合成miR-9和miR-124，得MicroRNA组合物；
S3.将修饰后的mRNA和MicroRNA组合物转染至人类多能干细胞，即得所述神经元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：转染剂为lipostem，转染次数为2次，转染量为200ng/次。
4.根据权利要求1所述的RNA组合物的应用，其特征在于：它用于诱导多能干细胞分化为皮层谷氨酸能神经元。
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