CN114701960A - Method and device for automatically adjusting dynamic counterweight of tower crane - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and device for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane. The inclination angle of the tower crane is detected by a bidirectional inclination switch module, and upper and lower thresholds are set. When the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module does not output a control signal; When the tower crane is tilted forward and its inclination angle reaches one of the thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module controls the front submersible pump to start through the first relay, and sends the water in the front water tank to the rear water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting forward and fine-tunes in the opposite direction; When the backward tilt of the tower crane reaches another threshold, the second relay controls the rear submersible pump to start, and the water in the rear water tank is transported to the front water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting backward and fine-tunes in the opposite direction. This scheme uses fluids such as water as the dynamic counterweight medium. Through the control circuit with the inclination switch, when the threshold specified by the inclination switch is exceeded, the water pump is started to pour water between the far water tank and the near water tank, so as to achieve the purpose of dynamic balance of the entire tower crane.

Description

Method and device for automatically adjusting dynamic counterweight of tower crane

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical automation, in particular to a method and a device for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane.

Background technique

Tower crane is a necessary engineering tool for high-rise building construction. It is mainly composed of tower crane base, tower body, set frame, tower cap, boom, pulley, counterweight, cab and supporting accessories. At present, the counterweight of tower cranes used in most projects is still fixed. The counterweight of tower cranes is generally made of reinforced concrete, weighing 2-8 tons per piece. The working principle of the tower crane is to use the toughness of the metal structure of the tower body to maintain stability after lifting heavy objects through the balancing effect of the counterweight. Under normal circumstances, the balance arm is heavier, and it is inclined to the boom after lifting the heavy object. Therefore, the counterweight can not be more or less. Therefore, sometimes the operator is inexperienced, and the tower crane overturns and collapses when the overloaded object is lifted. Therefore, if the dynamic tower crane counterweight can be used to maintain the overall balance of the tower crane at all times, the operation safety of the tower crane will be greatly improved.

Patent CN201220033470.4 discloses a mobile liquid counterweight box, which replaces the traditional counterweight box with a counterweight box filled with liquid, assists the hydraulic mechanism that can move the counterweight box to realize the front and rear movement of the whole counterweight box, and realizes the dynamic counterweight of the tower crane.

Patent CN201611189941.X discloses a balance crane, which uses a liquid container filled with liquid as a counterweight, and uses a light sensor to control the hydraulic system to move the hydraulic container left and right, so as to achieve the purpose of assisting the balance of the crane. Patent CN201922097338.4 proposes an easy-to-install water counterweight device for an electric tire crane, which uses a water container as a counterweight instead of a traditional counterweight to achieve the purpose of saving metal resources.

The two dynamic counterweights mentioned above are still the method of moving the counterweight box as a whole. There are many components involved, and the dynamic counterweight box requires a large amount of power. The safe and stable dynamic counterweight and overload alarm functions have not yet been realized, which has a certain safety. hidden danger.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method and device for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane. In this scheme, fluids such as water are used as the dynamic counterweight medium. When the water pump is started to pour water between the far water tank and the near water tank, the purpose of dynamic balance of the entire tower crane is achieved.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a method for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane, comprising the following steps:

The inclination angle of the tower crane is detected by the bidirectional inclination switch module, and the upper and lower thresholds are set. When the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module does not output a control signal;

When the tower crane tilts forward and makes its inclination angle reach one of the thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, controls the front submersible pump to start through the first relay, and sends the water in the front water tank to the rear water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting forward and Fine-tune in the opposite direction until the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds;

When the tower crane is tilted backward and the inclination angle reaches another threshold, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, and the second relay controls the rear submersible pump to start, and the water in the rear water tank is transported to the front water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting backward and Fine tune in the opposite direction.

As a preferred solution, there is also a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank. When either the front water tank or the rear water tank reaches the low water level, the low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the warning light and buzzer are arranged in the cab. Call the police.

Also includes the device used in the above method, the device is installed on the counterweight arm of the tower crane through the suspension assembly, including the front water tank and the rear water tank arranged at intervals, the front submersible pump in the front water tank and the front water tank counterweight, arranged in the rear water tank. The inner rear submersible pump and the rear water tank counterweight, the forward water injection pipe, the rearward water injection pipe and the control circuit, the water outlet port of the backward water injection pipe is connected to the rear water tank, and the water inlet end is connected to the front submersible pump, and the The water outlet port of the forward water injection pipe is connected to the front water tank, and its water inlet end is connected to the rear submersible pump. The control circuit includes a first relay for controlling the front submersible pump, a second relay for controlling the rear submersible pump, and a For the bidirectional inclination switch module for detecting the inclination angle of the tower crane, the signal output end of the bidirectional inclination switch module is connected to the first relay and the second relay.

As a preferred solution, the two-way inclination switch module is arranged on the tower body or the tower cap of the tower crane to detect the inclination angle of the tower crane in real time, and set the inclination angle of the tower crane to one side as a positive inclination angle, and the inclination of the tower crane to the opposite side as a negative angle For the inclination angle, a positive and a negative threshold are set in the two-way inclination switch module. When the inclination of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the two-way inclination switch module does not output a control signal. When the inclination of the tower crane reaches the threshold of the positive inclination, the control When the first relay is powered on, the front submersible pump starts; when the inclination angle of the tower crane reaches the threshold of the negative inclination angle, the second relay is controlled to be powered on, and the rear submersible pump starts.

As a preferred solution, the upper ends of the front water tank and the rear water tank are provided with suspension assemblies, and are hung on the counterweight arms through the respective suspension assemblies.

As a preferred solution, the rear water tank is arranged at the far end of the counterweight arm, the capacity of the rear water tank is larger than that of the front water tank, and the weight of the rear water tank counterweight is greater than the weight of the front water tank counterweight.

As a preferred solution, the control circuit further includes an alarm circuit, and the alarm circuit is provided with a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank.

As a preferred solution, the alarm circuit is composed of a low water level sensor and an alarm device arranged in the front water tank and the rear water tank. When any one of the front water tank and the rear water tank reaches the low water level, the low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the low water level sensor is arranged in the cab. Alarm light and buzzer alarm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

This scheme uses fluids such as water as the dynamic counterweight medium, and sets the front water tank, rear water tank and adjustment system at intervals. Through the control circuit with the inclination switch, when the threshold specified by the inclination switch is exceeded, the water pump is started in the far water tank and the near water tank. Water is poured between the water tanks to achieve the purpose of dynamic balance of the entire tower crane; this scheme also has the following technical effects:

Through the optimization scheme, the control circuit is used to automatically control you, and the purpose of precise control can be achieved; the details are as follows: the inclination angle of the tower crane is detected by the bidirectional inclination switch module, and the upper and lower thresholds are set. When the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the bidirectional The inclination switch module does not output a control signal; when the tower crane is tilted forward and the inclination angle reaches one of the thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, and controls the start of the front submersible pump through the first relay to transport the water in the front water tank to the rear water tank. In order to make the tower crane stop tilting forward and fine-tune in the opposite direction until the tower crane inclination angle is between the upper and lower thresholds; otherwise, the submersible pump is started through the control of the second relay, and the water in the rear water tank is transported to the front water tank to stop the tower crane. Lean back and fine-tune in the opposite direction;

In this solution, there is also a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank. When either the front water tank or the rear water tank reaches the low water level, the low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the warning light and buzzer set in the cab give an alarm. , by setting the alarm equipment, the practicability of the device can be effectively improved.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation under the specific implementation state of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the adjustment system in Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1, tower body, 2, set frame, 3, tower cap, 4, trolley arm, 5, trolley, 6-1, trolley arm cable, 6-2, counterweight arm cable, 7, front water tank, 71. Front water tank suspension seat, 8. Rear water tank, 81. Rear water tank suspension seat, 9. Adjustment system, 91. Rear submersible pump, 92, Forward water injection pipe, 93. Front submersible pump, 94. Backward injection pipe, 95. Rear water tank counterweight, 96. Front water tank counterweight, 10. Counterweight arm.

Detailed ways

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described through exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially combined in other embodiments without further recitation.

It should be noted that: unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should have the usual meanings understood by those with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Words like "a", "an" or "the" used in the description of the patent application and the claims of the present invention do not express quantitative limitation, but indicate that there is at least one. Similar words like "include" or "include" indicate that the elements or items appearing before "including" or "include" cover the elements or items listed after "including" or "including" and their equivalents, but do not exclude other Elements or objects with the same function.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-3, the structure and working process of this scheme are described in detail:

A method for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane, comprising the following steps:

A two-way inclination switch module is set on the tower body 1 or tower cap 3 of the tower crane, the inclination angle of the tower crane is detected by the two-way inclination switch module, and the upper and lower thresholds are set. When the inclination of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the two-way inclination switch module does not output control signal;

When the tower crane tilts forward and makes its inclination angle reach one of the thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, controls the front submersible pump to start through the first relay, and sends the water in the front water tank to the rear water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting forward and Fine-tune in the opposite direction until the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds;

When the tower crane is tilted backward and the inclination angle reaches another threshold, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, and the second relay controls the rear submersible pump to start, and the water in the rear water tank is transported to the front water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting backward and Fine-tune in the opposite direction until the inclination of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds.

There is also a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank. When any one of the front and rear water tanks reaches the low water level, the low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the warning light and buzzer set in the cab give an alarm.

As shown in FIG. 1, a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in a specific implementation state, wherein the tower crane includes a tower body 1, a set frame 2, a tower cap 3, a pulley arm 4, a pulley 5 arranged on the pulley arm 4, a counterweight arm 10, The front water tank 7, the rear water tank 8 and the adjustment system 9 are arranged on the counterweight arm 10; the front water tank and the rear water tank are arranged at intervals, and are hung on the counterweight arm 10 through their respective suspension components; as shown in Figure 2, The adjustment system 9 includes a front submersible pump 93 and a front water tank counterweight 96 arranged in the front water tank 7, a rear submersible pump 91 and a rear water tank counterweight 95 arranged in the rear water tank 8, a forward water injection pipe 92, and a rearward water tank. The water injection pipe 94 and the control circuit, the water outlet port of the rear water injection pipe 94 is connected to the rear water tank 8 , the water inlet end of the water injection pipe 94 is connected to the front submersible pump 93 , and the water outlet port of the forward water injection pipe 92 is connected to the front water tank 7 . , its water inlet end is connected to the rear submersible pump 91, and the control circuit includes a first relay for controlling the front submersible pump 93, a second relay for controlling the rear submersible pump 91, and a bidirectional inclination switch module for detecting the inclination of the tower crane. , the signal output end of the bidirectional inclination switch module is connected to the first relay and the second relay.

In this solution, the bidirectional inclination switch module is arranged on the tower body or the tower cap of the tower crane to detect the inclination angle of the tower crane in real time, and set the inclination angle of the tower crane to one side as a positive inclination angle, and the inclination of the tower crane to the opposite side is negative For the inclination angle, a positive and a negative threshold are set in the two-way inclination switch module. When the inclination of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the two-way inclination switch module does not output a control signal. When the inclination of the tower crane reaches the threshold of the positive inclination, the control When the first relay is powered on, the front submersible pump starts; when the inclination angle of the tower crane reaches the threshold of the negative inclination angle, the second relay is controlled to be powered on, and the rear submersible pump starts.

It should be noted that although this scheme uses the front water tank and the rear water tank as the component names, it does not limit the weighting medium in it. Similarly, other liquids can also be used as the weighting medium to achieve the same technical effect.

In this solution, the front water tank 7 can be made of metal, is provided with a front water tank suspension seat 71, and is hung on the counterweight arm 10 through the front water tank suspension seat 71, and is hung on the side closer to the tower body; The front water tank 7 is also provided with a front water tank counterweight for increasing the weight of the front water tank. And provide working space for the front submersible pump.

The front submersible pump can fill the rear water tank with water through the backward water filling pipe connected with it;

The rear water tank 8 can be made of metal, is provided with a rear water tank suspension seat 81, and is hung on the counterweight arm 10 through the rear water tank suspension seat 81, and is hung on the side farther from the tower body. There is also a rear water tank counterweight in 8, which is used to increase the weight of the rear water tank and provide working space for the rear submersible pump.

Due to the existing structural layout of the tower crane itself, the rear water tank will be significantly larger than the front water tank, and the weight of the rear water tank will be increased as appropriate, that is to say: the capacity of the rear water tank needs to be larger than that of the front water tank. The heavy weight is greater than the weight of the front water tank counterweight.

The rear submersible pump is connected with a forward water injection pipe to pour water into the forward water tank.

In this solution, the control circuit is also provided with an alarm circuit, which is mainly composed of low water level sensors and alarms arranged in the front and rear water tanks. When either of the front and rear water tanks reaches the low water level, the low water level When the sensor turns on the alarm circuit, the alarm light and buzzer in the cab will remind, and at the same time cut off the main power supply of the inclination switch, so that the water pump stops working.

The control flow of the present invention is as follows:

Turn on the switch, the low water level alarm system and the main power supply of the two-way dip switch are powered on. If the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds at this time, the entire adjustment system has no action.

When lifting heavy objects, the pulley arm is under tension, and the entire pulley arm tilts downward and tilts downwards. When it reaches a certain threshold, the forward tilt switch is activated, and the first relay is powered on to make the front submersible pump work and push the water in the front tank backwards. Water tank conveying; this conveying process gradually reduces the angle of inclination. When it is lower than the forward inclination threshold, the front submersible pump stops working, and the heavy objects are gradually lifted;

With the parallel movement of the heavy object on the trolley arm, the inclination of the trolley arm also changes, and the two-way inclination switch is triggered at the same time to either open forward, or open backward, or not open, so this solution uses the front and rear water tanks. The back and forth conveying water to achieve the dynamic balance of the tower crane.

When the water level in a certain water tank reaches a low level, the warning system will give an alarm. At this time, there is still a certain margin for the set working space. If the operation is stopped at this time, it will ensure that the system will not have an accident.

Embodiment 1,

Based on the new standard, the allowable verticality error of the tower body when the tower crane is no-load should not be greater than 0.3% of the independent installation height of the tower body, which is stricter than the 0.4% required by the old standard. However, it still relies on the lifting weight limiter, torque limiter, height limiter, amplitude limiter and rotary limiter to realize the safe work of the tower crane. The adjustment of the tension of the steel wire is not uniform, and the manual modification of the sensor threshold parameters and other factors still cannot eliminate the safety hazards of tower crane operation.

For this reason, through the actual measurement of relevant data on TC5013, when its free height is 40m, its maximum lifting capacity is 6 tons, the maximum lifting capacity is 2.3 tons, the lifting moment is 1150kN m, and the balance arm length is 11.88m. The weight is 5 pieces, 4 pieces are 3.1 tons, 1 piece is 3.7 tons, and the total counterweight is 16.1 tons. At no load, the difference between the bending moment generated by the balance arm on the tower body and the bending moment generated by the power arm on the tower body is -20t m, and the change in the inclination angle of the tower body at this time is close to 0.3%.

Before the modification, the tower crane is equipped with a torque protection device. When the lifting torque reaches 80% of its rated value, the S7-3 travel switch will act, and the luffing trolley can only move at a slow speed. When the lifting torque reaches 90% of its rated value, the S7-4 travel switch will act, and the buzzer will give out intermittent warning sound. When the lifting torque exceeds the rated value and reaches 105% of the rated value, S7-1, ( S7-2), KA5 action, stop the movement of the hoist in the upward direction and the outward direction of the luffing trolley, the buzzer emits a long beeping alarm, and the H5 indicator light is on. At this time, the trolley can be luffed inward to reduce the Lifting torque, and then drive the winch.

After the modification, 4 steel balance water tanks are used, each with a weight of about 2 tons, 2 are water storage tanks, installed near the tower, and 2 are balance water tanks, installed at the original balance weight position. The total weight of the water storage tank is 20 tons when filled with water. That is, when the tower crane works to the limit load, the water pump will pump the water in the water storage tank to the balance water tank, and the balance moment that can be provided before the modification can be increased to 2000kN m. The change in the verticality of the tower body has been reduced from 0.3% to 0.2% from the original near limit, which greatly improves the safety of tower crane operations. When the tower crane unloads the suspended object, when it reaches the no-load state, the balance moment of the counterweight arm is reduced from 1600kN·m before the modification to 900kN·m, so that the original change of the counterweight arm to the verticality of the tower body is close to 0.3% reduced to 0.16%. Greatly improves the safety of the tower crane when the operation is stopped in windy days.

In this example, the inclination switch is set on a vertical vertical plate of the tower cap, and the threshold of the inclination switch is set from -4° to 2°, that is, when the tower body is tilted by 4° when the heavy object is lifted, the actual measurement of the The verticality is a change of 0.2%. At this time, the submersible pump is corrected after starting. When unloading heavy objects, due to the impact load factor of the sudden unloading of heavy objects, the inclination angle threshold is set to be smaller, so as to make the forward diving possible. The pump works faster, reducing the weight of the counterweight. The response time is about 0.655s from when the dip switch is turned on to when the submersible pump works. In order to ensure a better response speed for the water filling balance operation, it is necessary to choose a submersible pump with a higher power. The parameters of the QW150-200-10-15 submersible pump selected in this example: flow 200m ³ /h, head 10m, motor power 15kw. The ideal experimental effect is achieved.

It should be noted that although the present invention has been described by the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention may also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can obviously make various corresponding changes and modifications to the present invention, but these changes and modifications should belong to the appended claims of the present invention and their equivalents within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. a method for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: The inclination angle of the tower crane is detected by the bidirectional inclination switch module, and the upper and lower thresholds are set. When the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module does not output a control signal; When the tower crane tilts forward and makes its inclination angle reach one of the thresholds, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, controls the front submersible pump to start through the first relay, and sends the water in the front water tank to the rear water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting forward and Fine-tune in the opposite direction until the inclination angle of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds; When the tower crane is tilted backward and the inclination angle reaches another threshold, the bidirectional inclination switch module outputs a control signal, and the second relay controls the rear submersible pump to start, and the water in the rear water tank is transported to the front water tank, so that the tower crane stops tilting backward and Fine tune in the opposite direction. 2. The method for automatically adjusting the dynamic counterweight of a tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: it is also provided with a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank, and when any one of the front and rear water tanks reaches the low water level , The low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the alarm light and buzzer alarm in the cab. 3. The device used in the method according to claim 1 or 2, the device is installed on the counterweight arm of the tower crane through a suspension assembly, characterized in that: it comprises a front water tank and a rear water tank arranged at intervals, and a front water tank is arranged in the front water tank. Submersible pump and front water tank counterweight, rear submersible pump and rear water tank counterweight arranged in the rear water tank, forward water injection pipe, rear water injection pipe and control circuit, the water outlet port of the rear water injection pipe is connected to the rear water tank , its water inlet end is connected to the front submersible pump, the water outlet port of the forward water injection pipe is connected to the front water tank, its water inlet end is connected to the rear submersible pump, and the control circuit includes a first relay for controlling the front submersible pump, A second relay for controlling the rear submersible pump and a bidirectional inclination switch module for detecting the inclination of the tower crane, the signal output end of the bidirectional inclination switch module is connected to the first relay and the second relay. 4. The device used in the method according to claim 3, wherein the two-way inclination switch module is arranged on the tower body or the tower cap of the tower crane to detect the inclination angle of the tower crane in real time, and set the tower crane to one side The inclination is a positive inclination angle, and the inclination of the tower crane to the opposite side is a negative inclination angle. There are two thresholds, positive and negative, in the two-way inclination switch module. When the inclination of the tower crane is between the upper and lower thresholds, the two-way inclination switch module does not output control. When the inclination angle of the tower crane reaches the threshold value of the positive inclination angle, the first relay is controlled to be powered on, and the front submersible pump is started; when the inclination angle of the tower crane reaches the threshold value of the negative inclination angle, the second relay is controlled to be powered on, and the rear submersible pump is started. 5 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein the upper ends of the front water tank and the rear water tank are provided with suspension assemblies, and are hung on the counterweight arms through the respective suspension assemblies. 6 . 6 . The device according to claim 3 , wherein the rear water tank is arranged at the far end of the counterweight arm, the capacity of the rear water tank is larger than that of the front water tank, and the weight of the counterweight of the rear water tank is larger than that of the front water tank. 7 . Heavier than the front radiator counterweight. 7 . The device used in the method according to claim 3 , wherein the control circuit further comprises an alarm circuit, and the alarm circuit is provided with a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the front water tank and the rear water tank. 8 . 8. The device used in the method according to claim 3, wherein the alarm circuit is composed of a low water level sensor and an alarm device arranged in the front water tank and the rear water tank, and when either the front or rear water tanks reach the low water level , The low water level sensor turns on the alarm circuit, and the alarm light and buzzer alarm in the cab.

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