CN114699881B - Self-cooling graphite quenching absorber and absorption device - Google Patents
Self-cooling graphite quenching absorber and absorption device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114699881B CN114699881B CN202210233731.5A CN202210233731A CN114699881B CN 114699881 B CN114699881 B CN 114699881B CN 202210233731 A CN202210233731 A CN 202210233731A CN 114699881 B CN114699881 B CN 114699881B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 101
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical group O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000681 Certain safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2047—Hydrofluoric acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/55—Compounds of silicon, phosphorus, germanium or arsenic
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of high-temperature gas treatment containing corrosive components, and particularly discloses a self-cooling graphite quenching absorber and a device thereof, wherein the self-cooling graphite quenching absorber comprises a cylindrical graphite section and a jacket shell sleeved outside the graphite section, and the graphite section comprises an upper graphite section and a lower graphite section; an annular chamber is formed between the jacket shell and the outer wall of the graphite section, an absorption liquid inlet for absorption liquid to enter the annular chamber is formed in the jacket shell, and a plurality of spraying holes which are communicated with the annular chamber and the inner cavity of the graphite section are formed in the graphite section. The device can realize the rapid cooling of high-temperature gas and the absorption of acid gas at the gas-liquid equilibrium temperature, provides favorable conditions for the subsequent absorption of acid gas, has long service life without compacting and binding agents, does not need circulating cooling water, has low operation cost, and avoids the hidden trouble that the acid gas pollutes circulating water and the problem that the circulating water fault possibly causes equipment damage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of high-temperature gas treatment containing corrosive components, mainly comprising quenching and absorbing high-temperature acid gas containing hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, in particular to a self-cooling graphite quenching absorber and a device thereof.
Background
The flue gas treatment in the environment-friendly field also belongs to a part of the high-temperature gas treatment field containing corrosive components, the high-temperature flue gas after incineration generally contains the corrosive components and contains products after decomposition of dioxin, the flue gas needs to be quenched to below 200 ℃ in order to avoid the re-synthesis of the dioxin in the flue gas cooling process, and the acidic components in the flue gas need to be absorbed to avoid the emission to the atmosphere.
The impregnated graphite material is widely used in industries of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and the like by virtue of excellent corrosion resistance and heat conduction property, the use temperature of the impregnated graphite is slightly different according to different impregnating mediums, and the maximum use temperature of the impregnated graphite of the common phenolic resin is 170 ℃.
The quenching refers to the process of rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas, and the quenching is generally direct contact cooling of the high-temperature gas and a cooling medium, and the cooling speed is far higher than that of indirect heat exchange cooling, so that the equipment for realizing the quenching is called a quencher or a quenching tower. Quenching of corrosive high-temperature gases including hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and the like generally employs a quenching apparatus impregnated with graphite material. However, since the temperature of the high temperature gas is much higher than the service temperature of the impregnated graphite, the graphite chiller needs to be cooled continuously by using circulating cooling water.
The traditional graphite quench tower equipment has a complex structure, needs to consume a large amount of circulating cooling water, and cannot bear excessive force during the processing and after installation because the mechanical property of the graphite material is lower than that of the metal material. In the use process, tiny gaps exist between graphite blocks, acidic components in high-temperature gas can migrate into circulating cooling water of a shell through the tiny gaps, and the cooling water system can be polluted by the acidic components after long-term operation, so that the corrosion of the cooling water system is caused, and potential safety hazards are provided. Or the graphite blocks can be filled in the small gaps through compaction and bonding by an adhesive, but the service life of the super cooling tower is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant graphite quenching absorber without circulating cooling water cooling and a device thereof, which realize the quenching of high-temperature acid gas and the absorption of partial acid components, lighten the operation load of a post-treatment system, and have convenient installation and manufacture and no potential safety hazard.
The application adopts the following technical scheme:
The self-cooling graphite quenching absorber comprises a cylindrical graphite section and a jacket shell sleeved outside the graphite section, wherein the graphite section comprises an upper graphite section and a lower graphite section; an annular chamber is formed between the jacket shell and the outer wall of the graphite section, an absorption liquid inlet communicated with the annular chamber is formed in the jacket shell, and a plurality of spraying holes communicated with the annular chamber and the inner cavity of the graphite section are formed in the graphite section.
Through the technical scheme, the high-temperature gas containing the acidic component enters the graphite section from the top of the graphite section, flows along the axial direction of the graphite section, and then flows out from the bottom end of the graphite section; meanwhile, the quenching absorption liquid enters the annular chamber from the absorption liquid inlet and then enters the inner cavity of the graphite section through the injection hole, namely, the quenching absorption liquid is injected into high-temperature gas containing acidic components at the inner side of the graphite section through the injection hole to quench the high-temperature gas, the quenching absorption liquid is in direct contact with the high-temperature gas, the acidic components in the high-temperature gas can be absorbed, and the quenching absorption liquid can cool the graphite section through flowing in the annular chamber and the injection hole. Through setting up the overall structure to the quench absorber, make it pass through the flow of quenching liquid, realized simultaneously cooling to the graphite section, to the rapid cooling of high temperature gas, and to the absorption of the acid component in the high temperature gas.
The spraying holes are uniformly formed in the graphite section in an annular shape, a plurality of spraying holes which are distributed in an annular shape are formed in one layer, multiple layers of spraying holes are formed in the direction of the axis of the graphite section, and the spraying holes in two adjacent layers are staggered.
The spraying holes are obliquely arranged.
Starting from one of the injection holes in one layer, the included angle between the injection hole of each layer and the radial surface of the graphite section gradually increases along the clockwise direction or the anticlockwise direction of the layer where the injection hole is located.
The number of the open holes of the spraying holes of the upper graphite section and the size of the holes meet the maximum quenching absorption liquid flow required by quenching. The number and the size of the openings of the spraying holes of the lower graphite section meet the flow required by maximum absorption under the gas-liquid balance state. The design of the quenching and absorption capacity needs to consider a certain safety factor.
The liquid sprayed from the spraying holes has certain spraying pressure and spraying speed, and through the arrangement of the spraying holes, the liquid sprayed from each spraying hole is intersected into a shower shape to cover the whole gas flow area, the gas and the liquid are in direct contact, the liquid is rapidly evaporated, and the high-temperature gas is rapidly cooled.
The upper graphite section outer wall is provided with the snap ring, lower graphite section outer wall is provided with down the snap ring, the both ends of pressing from both sides the cover shell all are provided with flange, go up the graphite section overcoat and be equipped with annular upper fixed plate, the both sides of last snap ring are located to upper fixed plate and the flange of pressing from both sides the cover shell upper end card respectively, go up bolted connection between flange on fixed plate and the cover shell upper end, lower graphite section outer wall is provided with annular lower fixed plate, lower fixed plate and the flange of pressing from both sides the cover shell lower extreme card respectively locate the both sides of snap ring, bolted connection between lower fixed plate and the flange of pressing from both sides the cover shell lower extreme.
An upper section sealing gasket is arranged between the upper clamping ring and the connecting flange at the upper end of the upper fixing plate and the jacket shell, and a lower section sealing gasket is arranged between the lower clamping ring and the connecting flange at the lower end of the lower fixing plate and the jacket shell.
Through the structural arrangement of the quenching absorber, the quenching absorber is simple to install, and the graphite material does not need to bear excessive pressure. A gap can be reserved between the upper graphite section and the lower graphite section, and because the pressure of the quenching absorption liquid in the annular cavity is higher than the pressure of the high-temperature gas inside the graphite section, the quenching absorption liquid is sprayed into the high-temperature gas inside the quencher from the gap. The upper graphite section and the lower graphite section have no sealing requirement, and do not need to be compressed or filled with adhesive, thereby being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the quenching absorber. The quenching absorption liquid enters the annular chamber from the absorption liquid inlet, then enters the inner high-temperature gas from the gap between the penetrating injection hole and the upper graphite section and the lower graphite section, and quenches and absorbs the high-temperature gas.
The gap between the upper graphite section and the lower graphite section is not more than 5mm.
The self-cooling graphite quenching absorber device comprises a quenching absorber, a down pipe and a gas-liquid separation tank, wherein the top end of the quenching absorber is an air inlet end, the bottom end of the quenching absorber is an air outlet end, the air outlet end is communicated with the top of the gas-liquid separation tank through the down pipe, a gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the gas-liquid separation tank, gas enters the gas-liquid separation tank through the down pipe from a gas mixture obtained at the air outlet end after quenching cooling of the quenching absorber, gas-liquid separation is realized in the gas-liquid separation tank, a communicating pipe is arranged between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank and an absorption liquid inlet, and a circulating pump is arranged on the communicating pipe.
By arranging the quenching absorber device, the acidic components in the cooled gas-liquid mixture are in direct contact with the absorption liquid in the quenching absorber and the downcomer, so that the near isothermal and isobaric absorption is realized, and the equilibrium temperature and the equilibrium concentration are finally reached; the gas-liquid mixture after quenching realizes gas-liquid separation in a gas-liquid separating tank, cooled gas is discharged through a gas outlet after quenching absorption, and liquid is stored as circulating quenching absorption liquid in the lower part of the tank; the absorption liquid is conveyed through a circulating pump and a communicating pipe, one part of quenching absorption liquid enters a quenching absorber from an absorption liquid inlet to perform quenching absorption of high-temperature gas, and the other part of quenching absorption liquid is discharged out of the system to recover acid liquid;
considering the stability of the liquid level of the gas-liquid separating tank and the continuity of operation, the industrial water supplementing port arranged on the gas-liquid separating tank can timely supplement the consumed quenching absorption liquid, thereby meeting the requirement of stable liquid level; the emergency water connected with the water supplementing port can be fire water, uninterrupted production water or water stored in a high-level water tank, and the like, and can be supplemented in an emergency manner without additional power;
Considering the safety of the system under the working condition of the fault of the circulating pump, an emergency water inlet is arranged at the position of the circulating pipe close to the absorption liquid inlet of the quenching absorber, emergency water is timely supplemented under the condition that the quenching absorption liquid is interrupted, and the safety of other equipment in the device and the graphite quenching absorber cannot be damaged by overtemperature under the accident state are ensured.
Depending on the high temperature acid gas composition and pressure, the acid concentration exiting the acid outlet may be 1 to 30% wt.
The down pipe is movably inserted into the gas-liquid separating tank along the axis direction of the down pipe, and an air seal ring which can prevent acid gas from escaping is arranged between the down pipe and the gas-liquid separating tank.
The gas seal ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the downcomer, the bottom of the gas seal ring is connected with a gas-liquid mixture inlet of the gas-liquid separating tank through a flange, the gas-liquid separating tank is provided with a connecting flange, the gas seal ring is connected with the connecting flange, a cavity is arranged in the gas seal ring, and the cavity is provided with a gas seal gas inlet. At the connecting flange of the gas seal ring and the gas-liquid mixture inlet of the gas-liquid separating tank, a first annular gap is arranged on the surface of the connecting flange and the outer wall of the descending tube, and the first annular gap is connected with the gas in the gas seal ring cavity and the gas in the liquid separating tank. The air seal ring sleeve is provided with a second annular gap at the surface position close to the outer wall of the down tube, and the second annular gap connects the air seal ring cavity with the atmosphere. The downcomer is longitudinally movable up and down due to the first and second annular slots. The gas seal gas enters the cavity from the gas seal gas inlet, and the gas seal gas pressure in the cavity is larger than the atmospheric pressure and the gas pressure in the gas-liquid separation liquid tank and is diffused into the atmosphere and the gas-liquid separation liquid tank from the first annular gap and the second annular gap, so that the gas in the gas-liquid separation liquid tank cannot leak into the atmosphere.
Because graphite quench absorber can not bear too big pulling force or pressure variation that causes by expend with heat and contract with cold or vibration, so the downcomer inserts gas-liquid separation jar through the atmoseal ring, and the atmoseal ring's setting guarantees that the downcomer can freely stretch out and draw back the while can not escape of acid gas.
The graphite section is made of impregnated graphite, the descending tube is made of carbon steel lining PTFE, carbon steel lining rubber or titanium, and the gas-liquid separating tank is made of carbon steel lining rubber, carbon steel lining PTFE or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The circulating pump is made of a fluorine lining pump.
In summary, the application at least comprises the following beneficial technical effects:
The invention provides a novel graphite quenching absorber structure and a device thereof, and provides a device and a method for quenching and absorbing acid component-containing high-temperature gas by adopting a quenching absorption liquid self-cooling graphite quenching absorber, wherein the self-cooling graphite quenching absorber has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and manufacture, safe use, capability of realizing rapid cooling of the high-temperature gas to below 100 ℃ within 1s, realization of absorption of the acid gas at the gas-liquid equilibrium temperature, favorable condition for subsequent acid gas absorption, long service life of equipment installation without compaction and binder, low running cost of circulating cooling water, capability of avoiding hidden danger of acid gas pollution to circulating water and possible equipment damage caused by circulating water faults, and provides an ideal solution for quenching and absorption of the high-temperature acid gas by the graphite quenching absorber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quench absorber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quench absorber apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an air seal ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a graphite section is arranged on the upper part; 11. a clamping ring is arranged;
2. an upper fixing plate; 3. an upper section sealing gasket;
4. a jacket housing; 41. a connecting flange;
5. a lower graphite section; 51. a lower snap ring;
6. A lower section sealing gasket;
7. a lower fixing plate; 8. an annular chamber; 9. a graphite section spraying inlet is arranged on the upper part;
10. A lower graphite section injection port;
01. a quench absorber; 02. a down pipe; 03. an air seal ring;
04. a gas-liquid separating tank; 05. and a circulation pump.
021 Downcomer outer wall; 031 gas seal ring flange; 032 gas seal ring housing;
033 shims; 041 inlet flange of gas-liquid separating tank;
042 gas-liquid mixture inlet of gas-liquid separating tank.
Detailed Description
The self-cooling graphite quench absorber and apparatus thereof of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a self-cooling graphite quenching absorber 01 comprises a cylindrical graphite section and a jacket shell 4 sleeved outside the graphite section, in this embodiment, the graphite section comprises an upper graphite section 1 and a lower graphite section 5 coaxially arranged, and an injection hole comprises an upper graphite section 1 injection port positioned in the upper graphite section 1 and a lower graphite section 5 injection port positioned in the lower graphite section 5. An annular chamber 8 is formed between the jacket shell 4 and the outer wall of the graphite section, the jacket shell 4 is provided with an absorption liquid inlet communicated with the annular chamber 8, and the graphite section is provided with a plurality of spraying holes communicated with the annular chamber 8 and the inner cavity of the graphite section.
In this embodiment, the upper graphite section 1 is provided with an upper graphite section 1 injection port with multiple layers of annular uniform distribution, the lower graphite section 5 is provided with a lower graphite section 5 injection port with multiple layers of annular uniform distribution, and the number of the upper graphite section 1 injection port and the number of the lower graphite section 5 injection port are different according to the different flow of high-temperature gas passing through the graphite sections.
The outer wall of the upper graphite section 1 is provided with an upper clamping ring 11, the outer wall of the lower graphite section 5 is provided with a lower clamping ring 51, two ends of the jacket shell 4 are respectively provided with a connecting flange 41, an annular upper fixing plate 2 is sleeved outside the upper graphite section 1, the upper fixing plate 2 and the connecting flange 41 at the upper end of the jacket shell 4 are respectively clamped on two sides of the upper clamping ring 11, the upper fixing plate 2 and the connecting flange 41 at the upper end of the jacket shell 4 are respectively connected through bolts, the outer wall of the lower graphite section 5 is provided with an annular lower fixing plate 7, the lower fixing plate 7 and the connecting flange 41 at the lower end of the jacket shell 4 are respectively clamped on two sides of the lower clamping ring 51, the lower fixing plate 7 and the connecting flange 41 at the lower end of the jacket shell 4 are connected through bolts, an upper section sealing gasket 3 is respectively arranged between the upper clamping ring 11 and the upper fixing plate 2 and the connecting flange 41 at the upper end of the jacket shell 4, and a lower section sealing gasket 6 is respectively arranged between the lower clamping ring 51 and the lower fixing plate 7 and the connecting flange 41 at the lower end of the jacket shell 4.
Referring to fig. 2, a self-cooling graphite quenching absorber 01 device is also disclosed, which comprises a quenching absorber 01, a down pipe 02 and a gas-liquid separation tank 04, wherein the top end of the quenching absorber 01 is an air inlet end, the bottom end of the quenching absorber 01 is an air outlet end, the air outlet end of the quenching absorber 01 is connected with the top of the down pipe 02 through a flange, the bottom of the down pipe 02 is inserted into the top of the gas-liquid separation tank 04, the down pipe 02 is in sealing connection with the top of the gas-liquid separation tank 04 through a gas seal ring 3, a gas outlet is arranged at the upper part of the gas-liquid separation tank 04, gas passes through the down pipe 02 from the quenching absorber 01 and enters the gas-liquid separation tank 04, gas-liquid separation is realized in the gas-liquid separation tank 04, a communicating pipe is arranged between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank 04 and an absorption liquid inlet, a circulating pump 05 is arranged on the communicating pipe, and an acid liquid outlet and an emergency water inlet are arranged on the communicating pipe.
Referring to fig. 3, an air seal ring 03 is sleeved on the outer wall of the descending tube 02, the bottom of the air seal ring 03 is connected with a gas-liquid separating tank 04 through a flange, a cavity is arranged in the air seal ring 03, an air seal gas inlet is arranged in the cavity, and the cavity is communicated with the atmosphere at the surface position of the air seal ring 03, which is sleeved close to the outer wall of the descending tube 02.
In this embodiment, the graphite section is made of impregnated graphite, the downcomer 02 is made of carbon steel lined PTFE, carbon steel lined rubber or titanium, the gas-liquid separation tank 04 is made of carbon steel lined rubber, carbon steel lined PTFE or glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the circulation pump 05 is made of fluorine lined pump.
The high-temperature gas containing acidic components enters the quenching absorber from a high-temperature gas inlet at the top end of the upper graphite section 1, and is discharged from a gas-liquid mixture outlet at the bottom end of the lower graphite section 5. The annular chamber 8 is filled with absorption liquid, the absorption liquid is sprayed into high-temperature gas containing acidic components from the upper graphite section spraying-in port 9 and the lower graphite section spraying-in port 10, the high-temperature gas is in direct contact with the absorption liquid, and the absorption of the acidic gas is realized while the rapid cooling of the high-temperature gas is realized. Gaps can be reserved between the upper graphite section 1 and the lower graphite section 5, and the upper graphite section and the lower graphite section do not need to be compressed or filled with sealant.
Embodiments of the self-cooling graphite quench absorber and apparatus of the present invention are further described in conjunction with the following examples.
Example 1
The treatment device of the VCM device waste gas incineration system of a certain chlor-alkali factory generates Cl-containing organic gas, the temperature of the gas after incineration is 1100 ℃, the temperature of the high-temperature gas containing acidic components after preliminary waste heat recovery is 600 ℃, in order to avoid the regeneration of dioxin, the high-temperature gas at 600 ℃ is quenched by a graphite quencher, HCl in the high-temperature gas is absorbed after quenching, and dilute hydrochloric acid is recovered. The temperature, pressure, composition and flow of the high-temperature gas entering the quenching absorption device are as follows:
| gas temperature | 600 | ℃ |
| Gas pressure | -10 | Kpa.G |
| Gas composition and flow rate | ||
| N2 | 2556 | Kg/h |
| O2 | 351 | Kg/h |
| CO2 | 526 | Kg/h |
| HCl | 112 | Kg/h |
| H2O | 205 | Kg/h |
The quenching absorption device comprises: the device comprises a quenching absorber, a down pipe, an air seal ring, a gas-liquid separating tank and a circulating pump.
The high-temperature gas at 600 ℃ containing acid component HCl enters a graphite quenching absorber through a high-temperature gas inlet of the quenching absorber, is directly contacted with quenching absorption liquid in the graphite quenching absorber, the quenching absorption liquid is evaporated and absorbs heat, the high-temperature gas at 600 ℃ is cooled to the equilibrium temperature of 85 ℃ within 0.3s, a gas-liquid mixture at 85 ℃ enters a gas-liquid separation tank through a downcomer, and gas sealing is formed between the downcomer and the gas-liquid separation tank through a gas sealing ring, so that the gas is ensured not to leak and not pollute the environment. In the gas-liquid separating tank, the gas at 85 ℃ is discharged through a gas outlet after quenching absorption, the liquid at 85 ℃ is lowered, and the gas is stored in the gas-liquid separating tank. The liquid in the gas-liquid separating tank of the device is dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 8-12%, the liquid is taken as quenching absorption liquid to be conveyed to a quenching absorption liquid inlet of a graphite quenching absorber through a circulating pump and a conveying pipeline, the circulating volume of the circulating pump is 50t/h,2% of dilute hydrochloric acid is output through an acid liquid outlet on the pipeline of the circulating pump, the output volume is 1t/h, and the output hydrochloric acid concentration is 8-12% wt. And the evaporation and acid liquor output consume part of quenching absorption liquor, and industrial water is timely fed into the gas-liquid separating tank through an industrial water feeding port of the gas-liquid separating tank, so that the liquid level of the gas-liquid separating tank is ensured to be stable. The high-temperature gas containing HCl is rapidly cooled from 600 ℃ to 85 ℃ in 0.3S, the HCl content in the gas discharged from a gas outlet after rapid cooling absorption of a gas-liquid separation tank is reduced to below 10kg/h, and the HCl absorption rate is higher than 90%.
Example 2
And (3) burning the fluorine-containing organic waste liquid generated by the treatment device by using a certain fluorine chemical industry burning device, wherein the burning temperature is 1150 ℃, the burned flue gas is quenched by using a graphite quencher, and the quenched gas enters a post-system for absorption treatment and the like.
| Gas temperature | 1150 | ℃ |
| Gas pressure | 1 | Bar |
| Gas composition and flow rate | ||
| N2 | 1475 | Kg/h |
| O2 | 160 | Kg/h |
| CO2 | 430 | Kg/h |
| HF | 240 | Kg/h |
| H2O | 455 | Kg/h |
The quenching absorption device comprises: the device comprises a quenching absorber, a down pipe, an air seal ring, a gas-liquid separating tank and a circulating pump.
The high-temperature gas with the temperature of 1150 ℃ containing HF enters the quenching absorber through the air inlet end of the quenching absorber, and is in direct contact with absorption liquid in the quenching absorber, the absorption liquid evaporates and absorbs heat to cool the high-temperature gas with the temperature of 1150 ℃, the equilibrium temperature is 86 ℃ after cooling under the operating pressure, the gas-liquid mixture with the temperature of 86 ℃ enters a gas-liquid separation tank through a downcomer, and gas sealing is formed between the downcomer and the gas-liquid separation tank through a gas sealing ring, so that the gas is ensured not to leak. In the gas-liquid separating tank, 86 ℃ quenching and absorbing gas is discharged through a quenching and absorbing gas outlet, 86 ℃ liquid is reduced and stored in the gas-liquid separating tank, the liquid in the gas-liquid separating tank of the device is hydrofluoric acid solution with the concentration of 4-6%, the liquid is taken as quenching and absorbing liquid to be conveyed to a quenching and absorbing liquid inlet of a quenching and absorbing device through a circulating pump and a conveying pipeline, the circulating quantity of the circulating pump is 45t/h,2.5% hydrofluoric acid solution is output through an acid liquid outlet on the circulating pump outlet pipeline, the output quantity is 1.1t/h, and the output acid concentration is 5%wt. And the evaporation and acid liquor output consume part of quenching absorption liquor, and industrial water is timely fed in through industrial water supplementing of the gas-liquid separation tank, so that the liquid level of the gas-liquid separation tank is ensured to be stable. The high-temperature gas containing HF is rapidly cooled from 1150 ℃ to 86 ℃ in 0.3S, and the HF absorption rate in the gas discharged from a gas outlet after rapid cooling absorption of a gas-liquid separation tank is reduced by 60kg/h, and is 25%.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any equivalent alterations, modifications and evolutions etc. to the above embodiments using the technical solution of the present invention will fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Self-cooling graphite quenching absorber, its characterized in that: comprises a cylindrical graphite section and a jacket shell (4) sleeved outside the graphite section, wherein the graphite section comprises an upper graphite section (1) and a lower graphite section (5);
An annular chamber (8) is formed between the jacket shell (4) and the outer wall of the graphite section, the jacket shell (4) is provided with an absorption liquid inlet for absorption liquid to enter the annular chamber (8), and the graphite section is provided with a plurality of spraying holes which are communicated with the annular chamber (8) and the inner cavity of the graphite section;
The outer wall of the upper graphite section (1) is provided with an upper clamping ring (11), the outer wall of the lower graphite section (5) is provided with a lower clamping ring (51), two ends of the jacket shell (4) are respectively provided with a connecting flange (41), an annular upper fixing plate (2) is sleeved outside the upper graphite section (1), the upper fixing plate (2) and the connecting flange (41) at the upper end of the jacket shell (4) are respectively clamped on two sides of the upper clamping ring (11), the upper fixing plate (2) is connected with the connecting flange (41) at the upper end of the jacket shell (4), the outer wall of the lower graphite section (5) is provided with an annular lower fixing plate (7), the lower fixing plate (7) and the connecting flange (41) at the lower end of the jacket shell (4) are respectively clamped on two sides of the lower clamping ring (51), and the lower fixing plate (7) is connected with the connecting flange (41) at the lower end of the jacket shell (4);
Gaps are optionally formed between the upper graphite section (1) and the lower graphite section (5); the pressure of the absorption liquid in the annular chamber (8) is higher than the pressure of high-temperature gas inside the graphite section;
the high-temperature gas is in direct contact with the graphite material, the high-temperature gas containing the acidic component enters the graphite section from the top of the graphite section, flows along the axial direction of the graphite section, and then flows out from the bottom end of the graphite section;
the flow of the absorption liquid meets the maximum flow required by quenching and absorption, the absorption liquid is in direct contact with high-temperature gas, part of liquid is rapidly evaporated, the rapid cooling of the high-temperature gas is realized, and meanwhile, the acidic components in the high-temperature gas are transferred to the non-evaporated absorption liquid drops, so that the absorption of the acidic components is realized.
2. A self-cooling graphite quench absorber as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the spraying holes are uniformly formed in the graphite section in an annular shape, a plurality of spraying holes which are distributed in an annular shape are formed in one layer, multiple layers of spraying holes are formed in the direction of the axis of the graphite section, and the spraying holes in two adjacent layers are staggered.
3. A self-cooling graphite quench absorber as claimed in claim 1 wherein: an upper section sealing gasket (3) is arranged between the upper clamping ring (11) and the connecting flange (41) at the upper end of the upper fixing plate (2) and the jacket shell (4), and a lower section sealing gasket (6) is arranged between the lower clamping ring (51) and the connecting flange (41) at the lower end of the lower fixing plate (7) and the jacket shell (4).
4. Self-cooling graphite quenching absorbing device, its characterized in that: the quenching system comprises a quenching absorber (01), a descending pipe (02) and a gas-liquid separation tank (04) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the top end of the quenching absorber (01) is an air inlet end, the bottom end of the quenching absorber (01) is an air outlet end, the air outlet end is communicated with the top of the gas-liquid separation tank (04) through the descending pipe (02), a gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the gas-liquid separation tank (04), a gas-liquid mixture obtained at the air outlet end after quenching and cooling of the quenching absorber (01) enters the gas-liquid separation tank (04) through the descending pipe (02), gas-liquid separation is realized in the gas-liquid separation tank (04), a communicating pipe is arranged between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation tank (04) and an absorption liquid inlet, and the communicating pipe is provided with a circulating pump (05) provided with an acid liquid outlet and an emergency water inlet.
5. The self-cooling graphite quench absorption apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the descending pipe (02) is movably inserted into the gas-liquid separating tank (04) along the axis direction of the descending pipe, and a gas seal ring (03) which can prevent acid gas from escaping is arranged between the descending pipe (02) and the gas-liquid separating tank (04).
6. The self-cooling graphite quench absorption apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the gas seal ring (03) is sleeved on the outer wall of the descending tube (02), the bottom of the gas seal ring (03) is connected with the gas-liquid separating tank (04) through a flange, a cavity is formed in the gas seal ring (03), a gas seal gas inlet is formed in the cavity, the gas seal ring (03) is sleeved on the surface position, close to the outer wall of the descending tube (02), of the gas seal ring, and the cavity is communicated with the atmosphere.
7. The self-cooling graphite quench absorption apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the graphite section is made of impregnated graphite; the material of the down tube (02) is carbon steel lined PTFE, carbon steel lined adhesive or titanium material; the gas-liquid separating tank (04) is made of carbon steel lining rubber, carbon steel lining PTFE or glass fiber reinforced plastic; the circulating pump (05) is made of a fluorine lining pump.
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