CN114699787A - Ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with mild pressure reduction function - Google Patents
Ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with mild pressure reduction function Download PDFInfo
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- CN114699787A CN114699787A CN202210221240.9A CN202210221240A CN114699787A CN 114699787 A CN114699787 A CN 114699787A CN 202210221240 A CN202210221240 A CN 202210221240A CN 114699787 A CN114699787 A CN 114699787A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/42—Regulation; Control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/001—Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
- B01D3/003—Rectification of spirit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/42—Regulation; Control
- B01D3/4211—Regulation; Control of columns
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
- C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ethanol extraction, in particular to ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with a mild pressure reduction function. The technical problem is that: the liquefaction process is slow, the required time is long, when the condensation process is blocked, the pressure in the equipment is increased due to ethanol steam generated in the distillation process, and the life safety of operators is threatened. The technical scheme is as follows: an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild pressure reduction function comprises a speed-up and flow-dividing unit, a pressure danger avoiding unit and the like; the upper part of the speed-up and flow-dividing unit is connected with a pressure risk-avoiding unit. When the normal ethanol steam condensation process is blocked, the high-temperature ethanol steam is gathered to increase the pressure, at the moment, the excessive ethanol steam is guided through the mild depressurization process, partial ethanol steam is liquefied, the preliminary depressurization is continued, and then the excessive ethanol steam is mixed and dissolved with water in any proportion to absorb the excessive ethanol steam, so that the mild depressurization treatment can be carried out when the condensation is blocked.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ethanol extraction, in particular to ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with a mild pressure reduction function.
Background
The ethanol is a flammable and volatile colorless transparent liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, has low toxicity and special fragrance, has wide application, can be used for preparing acetic acid, beverages, essence, fuels and the like, and has wide application in national defense chemical industry, medical treatment and health, food industry, industrial and agricultural production.
However, the ethanol content in the alcohol raw stock obtained by fermentation is low, multiple times of distillation are needed, the ethanol content in the raw stock is improved, the ethanol vapor after distillation needs to be condensed, so that the ethanol vapor is liquefied into liquid drops, the liquefaction process is slow, the required time is long, when the condensation process is blocked, the ethanol vapor generated in the distillation process can increase the pressure in equipment, the equipment is burst, and the life safety of operators is endangered.
In summary, it is necessary to develop an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild pressure reduction function to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the liquefaction process is slow, the required time is long, when the condensation process is blocked, the pressure in equipment is increased due to ethanol steam generated in the distillation process, the equipment is burst, and the life safety of operators is endangered, the invention provides the ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with the mild pressure reduction function.
The technical scheme is as follows: an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with mild pressure reduction function comprises an ethanol distillation tank and a drainage tube; the upper part of the ethanol distillation tank is communicated with a drainage tube; the device also comprises a speed-up flow-dividing unit, a pressure risk-avoiding unit, an overflow recovery unit, a surplus collecting unit and a pressure adjusting unit; the right part of the drainage tube is communicated with a speed-up flow-dividing unit; the upper part of the speed-increasing and flow-dividing unit is connected with a pressure risk-avoiding unit; the lower part of the speed-up flow-dividing unit is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the speed-up shunting unit is connected with a surplus collecting unit; the lower part of the overflow recovery unit is connected with the surplus collection unit; the upper part of the allowance collection unit is connected with a pressure adjusting unit.
Furthermore, the speed-up flow-dividing unit comprises a first air duct, a flange fixing disc, a conical cylinder and an inclined tube; the right part of the drainage tube is connected with a first air duct; the interior of the first air duct is provided with a duct slot; a branch pipe orifice is formed at the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct; the left part of the outer surface of the first air duct and the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct are respectively provided with a flange fixing disc; a conical cylinder is arranged at the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct; the lower part of the branch pipe opening is communicated with an inclined pipe; the pipe groove is connected with the pressure danger avoiding unit; the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined tube is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct is connected with the residue collecting unit.
Further, the side of the tapered barrel where the opening is large faces the left side.
Furthermore, the pressure danger avoiding unit comprises a transverse plate, a first elastic piece, a spoiler, a sealing plate, fan blades and a push rod; a transverse plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the inner surface of the first air duct; the middle part of the left side of the transverse plate is fixedly connected with a first elastic piece; a spoiler is fixedly connected to the left part of the first elastic part; two air windows are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the spoiler; the four air windows are respectively and rotatably connected with a fan blade; the upper part and the lower part of the spoiler are respectively fixedly connected with a sealing plate; the lower sealing plate is used for sealing the branch pipe orifice; the back sides of the two sealing plates are connected with the pipe groove in a sliding way; two ejector rods are fixedly connected to the front part of the left side of the transverse plate and the rear part of the left side of the transverse plate respectively; the left parts of the four ejector rods are respectively in contact transmission with one fan blade.
Furthermore, torsion springs are arranged between the four fan blades and the spoiler and used for resetting the fan blades.
Furthermore, the overflow recovery unit comprises a gas collecting hopper, a support plate, a condensing pipe, a return pipe, a liquid storage cylinder, an opening baffle, a liquid outlet, a first flow limiting plate and a second flow limiting plate; the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined tube is fixedly connected with an air gathering hopper; the lower part of the gas gathering hopper is fixedly connected with a condensing pipe; a support plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the condensing tube and the lower part of the outer surface of the condensing tube respectively; the interior of the condensing tube is provided with a condensing cavity; the front parts and the rear parts of the two support plates are fixedly connected with the inclined pipes; a return pipe is wound on the outer surface of the condensing pipe; the return pipe is positioned between the two support plates; the lower part of the inclined tube is fixedly connected with a liquid storage cylinder; an opening baffle is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the liquid storage cylinder; the left part of the liquid storage cylinder is communicated with a liquid outlet; the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder is connected with the allowance collecting unit; three first flow limiting plates are fixedly connected in the condensation cavity at equal intervals; three second flow limiting plates are fixedly connected in the condensation cavity at equal intervals; the three second flow limiting plates are positioned below the three first flow limiting plates; the lower parts of the three second flow limiting plates are respectively provided with a flow guide opening.
Furthermore, the three second flow limiting plates and the three first flow limiting plates are arranged in a staggered mode and are used for increasing the residence time of the ethanol steam in the condensation cavity.
Furthermore, the surplus collecting unit comprises a bundling pipe, a fixing frame, a water tank, a second air duct, a water inlet and a water outlet; the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder is communicated with a bundling pipe; two fixing frames are fixedly connected to the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct; the lower parts of the two fixing frames are provided with water tanks; the right part of the upper side of the water tank is connected with a pressure adjusting unit; the lower part of the convergent pipe is communicated with a second air duct; the upper part of the second air duct is communicated with the water tank; the left part of the rear side of the water tank is provided with a water inlet; the right part of the lower side of the water tank is provided with a water outlet.
Further, the pipe orifice of the second air duct is positioned at the bottom of the water tank.
Furthermore, the pressure adjusting unit comprises a sleeve, a second elastic piece, a connecting rod, a vertical rod and a conical block; a sleeve penetrates through the right part of the upper side of the water tank; the middle part of the sleeve is provided with a hollow groove; two second elastic pieces are fixedly connected to the right part of the upper side of the water tank; the sleeve is positioned between the two second elastic pieces; the upper parts of the two second elastic parts are fixedly connected with connecting rods; a vertical rod is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower surface of the connecting rod; the lower part of the vertical rod is fixedly connected with a conical block; the upper part of the conical block is used for plugging the lower opening of the hollow groove; the vertical rod is positioned in the hollow groove.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the normal ethanol steam condensation process is blocked, the high-temperature ethanol steam is gathered to increase the pressure, at the moment, the excessive ethanol steam is guided through the mild depressurization process, partial ethanol steam is liquefied, the preliminary depressurization is continued, and then the excessive ethanol steam is mixed and dissolved with water in any proportion to absorb the excessive ethanol steam, so that the mild depressurization treatment can be carried out when the condensation is blocked.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild pressure reduction function according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an acceleration flow-dividing unit of the ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an acceleration flow-dividing unit of an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure avoiding unit of the ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild pressure reduction function according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a part of a pressure avoiding unit of the ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of an overflow recycling unit of the ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of an overflow recovery unit of an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization feature of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a residue collecting unit of the ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure adjustment unit of an ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild depressurization function according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a partial sectional view of a pressure adjustment unit of an ethanol extraction pressure relief apparatus having a mild depressurization function according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-an ethanol distillation tank, 2-a drainage tube, 101-a first gas guide tube, 102-a flange fixed disc, 103-a cone, 104-an inclined tube, 101 a-a tube groove, 101 b-a branch tube opening, 201-a transverse plate, 202-a first elastic part, 203-a spoiler, 204-a sealing plate, 205-a fan blade, 206-an ejector rod, 203 a-an air window, 301-an air gathering hopper, 302-a support plate, 303-a condensation tube, 304-a return tube, 305-a liquid storage tube, 306-an opening baffle, 307-a liquid outlet, 308-a first flow limiting plate, 309-a second flow limiting plate, 303a condensation cavity, 309a flow guide opening, 401-a bundling tube, 402-a fixed frame, 403-a water tank, 404-a second gas guide tube and 405-a water inlet, 406-drain opening, 501-sleeve, 502-second elastic element, 503-link, 504-vertical bar, 505-conical block, 501 a-hollow groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first elastic member 202 and the second elastic member 502 are springs.
Example 1
An ethanol extraction pressure relief device with mild pressure reduction function is shown in figures 1-2 and comprises an ethanol distillation tank 1 and a drainage tube 2; the upper part of the ethanol distillation tank 1 is communicated with a drainage tube 2; the device also comprises a speed-up flow-dividing unit, a pressure danger avoiding unit, an overflow recovery unit, a surplus collecting unit and a pressure adjusting unit; the right part of the drainage tube 2 is communicated with a speed-up flow-dividing unit; the upper part of the speed-up and flow-dividing unit is connected with a pressure risk avoiding unit; the lower part of the speed-up flow-dividing unit is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the speed-up shunting unit is connected with a surplus collecting unit; the lower part of the overflow recovery unit is connected with the surplus collecting unit; the upper part of the allowance collection unit is connected with a pressure adjusting unit.
The working principle is as follows: before ethanol extraction pressure relief equipment with a mild pressure reduction function is used, the pressure relief equipment is referred to as the pressure relief equipment for short, firstly, alcohol raw stock is introduced into an ethanol distillation tank 1, the ethanol distillation tank 1 heats the alcohol raw stock, ethanol steam enters an acceleration shunt unit through a drainage tube 2, under the condition of normal use, the ethanol steam enters an ethanol liquefaction stage from the acceleration shunt unit, before the ethanol steam enters the liquefaction stage, if the condensation process cannot be carried out, blockage is caused, the ethanol steam cannot enter the condensation stage, the pressure in the acceleration shunt unit is raised by the high-temperature ethanol steam, the ethanol steam flows slowly in the acceleration shunt unit, a pressure risk avoidance unit is triggered, the pressure risk avoidance unit guides the ethanol steam into an overflow recovery unit, the overflow recovery unit begins to condense part of the ethanol steam, and then the uncondensed ethanol steam enters a surplus collection unit, the surplus collecting unit dissolves and absorbs the surplus ethanol steam, and the pressure intensity of the surplus collecting unit is constant through the pressure adjusting unit when the surplus collecting unit absorbs the ethanol steam; when the normal ethanol steam condensation process is blocked, the high-temperature ethanol steam is gathered to increase the pressure, at the moment, the excessive ethanol steam is guided through the mild depressurization process, partial ethanol steam is liquefied, the preliminary depressurization is continued, and then the excessive ethanol steam is mixed and dissolved with water in any proportion to absorb the excessive ethanol steam, so that the mild depressurization treatment can be carried out when the condensation is blocked.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3-4, the speed-increasing flow-dividing unit comprises a first gas-guide tube 101, a flange fixing disc 102, a conical cylinder 103 and an inclined tube 104; the right part of the drainage tube 2 is connected with a first air duct 101; a pipe groove 101a is formed in the first air duct 101; a branch pipe port 101b is formed in the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct 101; the left part and the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct 101 are respectively provided with a flange fixing disc 102; a conical cylinder 103 is arranged at the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct 101; the lower part of the branch pipe orifice 101b is communicated with an inclined pipe 104; the pipe groove 101a is connected with the pressure danger avoiding unit; the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined pipe 104 is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct 101 is connected with a surplus collecting unit.
The side of the tapered barrel 103 with the larger opening faces the left side.
According to fig. 1 and fig. 5-6, the pressure danger avoiding unit includes a horizontal plate 201, a first elastic member 202, a spoiler 203, a sealing plate 204, fan blades 205 and a push rod 206; a transverse plate 201 is welded in the middle of the inner surface of the first air duct 101; a first elastic part 202 is fixedly connected to the middle of the left side of the transverse plate 201; a spoiler 203 is fixedly connected to the left part of the first elastic member 202; two air windows 203a are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the spoiler 203; the four air windows 203a are respectively and rotatably connected with a fan blade 205; the upper part and the lower part of the spoiler 203 are respectively fixedly connected with a sealing plate 204; the lower sealing plate 204 is used for sealing the branch pipe opening 101 b; the opposite sides of the two sealing plates 204 are slidably connected with the pipe groove 101 a; two top rods 206 are welded on the front part of the left side and the rear part of the left side of the transverse plate 201 respectively; the left parts of the four push rods 206 are respectively in contact transmission with one fan blade 205.
Torsion springs are arranged between the four fan blades 205 and the spoiler 203.
A primary pressure relief stage: firstly, high-temperature ethanol steam in an ethanol distillation tank 1 enters a first air duct 101 through a drainage tube 2, a right pipe orifice of a conical barrel 103 is contracted, after the ethanol steam firstly passes through the conical barrel 103, the flow rate of the ethanol steam is increased, the ethanol steam pushes a spoiler 203 to drive two sealing plates 204 to move rightwards, so that the sealing plates 204 below seal a branch pipe orifice 101b, a first elastic part 202 is compressed, meanwhile, the spoiler 203 drives four fan blades 205 to move rightwards, the four fan blades 205 are respectively contacted with a mandril 206, the four fan blades 205 are respectively rotated in an air window 203a, the four air windows 203a are opened, the flow of the ethanol steam passing through the spoiler 203 is further increased, the ethanol steam enters a condensation stage again, if the subsequent condensation stage is stopped, the ethanol steam enters the condensation stage, at the moment, the pressure in the first air duct 101 is increased, and the ethanol steam is blocked, the ethanol steam slows down at first air duct 101 velocity of flow, first elastic component 202 resumes, spoiler 203 drives sealing plate 204 leftwards, ejector pin 206 no longer pushes away flabellum 205 simultaneously, four flabellums 205 reset, increase ethanol steam and spoiler 203's contact, avoid the condensation process to slow down, the displacement of sealing plate 204 that leads to, increase the fault-tolerant rate that dangerous emergence, reduce the loss, when ethanol steam can't rethread promote spoiler 203 drive sealing plate 204 and carry out the shutoff to tributary pipe mouth 101b, the ethanol steam of gathering in the first air duct 101 this moment enters into pipe chute 104 through tributary pipe mouth 101b, accomplish the preliminary pressure release of ethanol steam in first air duct 101.
According to fig. 2 and fig. 7-8, the overflow recovery unit comprises a gas collecting hopper 301, a support plate 302, a condenser pipe 303, a return pipe 304, a liquid storage cylinder 305, an opening baffle 306, a liquid outlet 307, a first flow restriction plate 308 and a second flow restriction plate 309; the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined tube 104 is fixedly connected with an air gathering hopper 301; a condensing pipe 303 is welded at the lower part of the gas collecting hopper 301; the upper part and the lower part of the outer surface of the condensation pipe 303 are respectively welded with a support plate 302; a condensing cavity 303a is formed inside the condensing pipe 303; the front parts and the rear parts of the two support plates 302 are fixedly connected with the inclined tube 104; a return pipe 304 is wound on the outer surface of the condensing pipe 303; the return tube 304 is positioned between the two plates 302; the lower part of the inclined tube 104 is welded with a liquid storage cylinder 305; an opening baffle 306 is welded on the inner surface of the liquid storage cylinder 305; a liquid outlet 307 is communicated with the left part of the liquid storage cylinder 305; the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder 305 is connected with a surplus collecting unit; three first flow restriction plates 308 are welded in the condensation cavity 303a at equal intervals; three second flow restriction plates 309 are welded in the condensation cavity 303a at equal intervals; three second restrictor plates 309 are located below the three first restrictor plates 308; the lower parts of the three second flow restriction plates 309 are respectively provided with a diversion port 309 a.
Three second restrictor plates 309 and three first restrictor plates 308 are alternately arranged.
And (3) secondary pressure relief stage: the ethanol steam enters the condensing pipe 303 through the gas gathering hopper 301, at the moment, the external water pump pumps water into the return pipe 304, the water flows in the direction from bottom to top in the return pipe 304, and, a collection bucket is placed below the liquid outlet 307, the ethanol vapor flows in the condensation chamber 303a, through the cooperation of the three sets of first flow restriction plates 308 and second flow restriction plates 309, the ethanol vapor flows in the condensation chamber 303a, water flows in the return pipe 304 at the periphery of the condensation pipe 303, the condensation pipe 303 is cooled, the high-temperature ethanol vapor is condensed into ethanol droplets in the condensation cavity 303a, the ethanol droplets flow downwards along the condensation cavity 303a through the flow guide port 309a of the second flow restriction plate 309, then, the droplets flow out of the condensation pipe 303 into the liquid storage tank 305, and the ethanol droplets are received by the opening shutter 306 and then flow into the collection tank through the liquid discharge port 307.
Referring to fig. 1 and 9, the residue collecting unit includes a constriction tube 401, a fixing frame 402, a water tank 403, a second air duct 404, a water inlet 405, and a water outlet 406; the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder 305 is communicated with a bundling pipe 401; two fixing frames 402 are fixedly connected to the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct 101; the lower parts of the two fixing frames 402 are provided with water tanks 403; the right part of the upper side of the water tank 403 is connected with a pressure adjusting unit; the lower part of the convergent tube 401 is communicated with a second air duct 404; the upper part of the second air duct 404 is communicated with the water tank 403; a water inlet 405 is arranged at the left part of the rear side of the water tank 403; the right part of the lower side of the water tank 403 is provided with a water outlet 406.
The orifice of the second airway tube 404 is located at the bottom of the tank 403.
According to fig. 2 and fig. 10-11, the pressure adjustment unit comprises a sleeve 501, a second elastic member 502, a connecting rod 503, a vertical rod 504 and a conical block 505; a sleeve 501 penetrates through the right part of the upper side of the water tank 403; the middle part of the sleeve 501 is provided with a hollow groove 501 a; two second elastic pieces 502 are fixedly connected to the right part of the upper side of the water tank 403; the sleeve 501 is located between two second elastic members 502; the upper parts of the two second elastic pieces 502 are fixedly connected with connecting rods 503; a vertical rod 504 is welded in the middle of the lower surface of the connecting rod 503; the lower part of the vertical rod 504 is welded with a conical block 505; the upper part of the conical block 505 is used for plugging the lower opening of the hollow groove 501 a; the vertical rod 504 is located in the hollow groove 501 a.
And a surplus recovery stage: because the first air duct 101 needs to be depressurized, ethanol vapor can not stay in the condensation tube 303 for too long time, which affects the depressurization process, so the ethanol vapor can not fully condense into liquid drops in the condensation tube 303, at this time, clear water is injected into the water tank 403 through the water inlet 405, when the ethanol vapor which is not condensed bypasses the opening baffle 306 and enters the bundling tube 401, then the ethanol vapor in the bundling tube 401 is introduced into the bottom of the water tank 403 through the second air duct 404, the ethanol vapor comes out of the second air duct 404 and is fully contacted with water for mixing, at this time, the ethanol vapor is mixed with water, the pressure in the water tank 403 is reduced, the conical block 505 moves downwards, the conical block 505 drives the vertical rod 504 to drive the connecting rod 503 to move downwards, the two second elastic members 502 are compressed, the conical block 505 does not seal the lower part of the hollow groove 501a, the pressure in the water tank 403 is restored to balance, the two second elastic members 502 are restored, the conical block 505 is synchronously driven to block the lower part of the hollow groove 501a, so that dust and impurities in the air are prevented from entering the water tank 403 through the hollow groove 501 a.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ethanol extraction pressure relief device with a mild pressure reduction function comprises an ethanol distillation tank (1) and a drainage tube (2); the upper part of the ethanol distillation tank (1) is communicated with a drainage tube (2); the device is characterized by further comprising a speed-up flow-dividing unit, a pressure risk avoiding unit, an overflow recovery unit, a surplus collecting unit and a pressure adjusting unit; the right part of the drainage tube (2) is communicated with a speed-up flow-dividing unit; the upper part of the speed-up and flow-dividing unit is connected with a pressure risk avoiding unit; the lower part of the speed-up flow-dividing unit is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the speed-up shunting unit is connected with a surplus collecting unit; the lower part of the overflow recovery unit is connected with the surplus collection unit; the upper part of the allowance collection unit is connected with a pressure adjusting unit.
2. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the mild pressure reduction function according to claim 1, wherein the speed-increasing and flow-dividing unit comprises a first gas-guide tube (101), a flange fixing disc (102), a conical cylinder (103) and an inclined tube (104); the right part of the drainage tube (2) is connected with a first air duct (101); a pipe groove (101 a) is formed inside the first air duct (101); a branch pipe orifice (101 b) is formed in the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct (101); the left part and the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct (101) are respectively provided with a flange fixing disc (102); a tapered cylinder (103) is arranged at the left part of the inner surface of the first air duct (101); the lower part of the branch pipe mouth (101 b) is communicated with an inclined pipe (104); the pipe groove (101 a) is connected with the pressure danger avoiding unit; the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined pipe (104) is connected with an overflow recovery unit; the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct (101) is connected with a surplus collecting unit.
3. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with mild depressurization function according to claim 2, wherein the side of the conical cylinder (103) with the larger opening faces to the left.
4. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the mild pressure reduction function according to claim 2, wherein the pressure risk avoiding unit comprises a transverse plate (201), a first elastic member (202), a flow blocking plate (203), a sealing plate (204), fan blades (205) and a push rod (206); a transverse plate (201) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the inner surface of the first air duct (101); a first elastic piece (202) is fixedly connected to the middle of the left side of the transverse plate (201); a spoiler (203) is fixedly connected to the left part of the first elastic piece (202); two air windows (203 a) are respectively arranged at the front part and the rear part of the spoiler (203); the four air windows (203 a) are respectively and rotatably connected with a fan blade (205); the upper part and the lower part of the spoiler (203) are respectively fixedly connected with a sealing plate (204); the lower sealing plate (204) is used for sealing the branch pipe orifice (101 b); the opposite sides of the two sealing plates (204) are connected with the pipe groove (101 a) in a sliding way; two top rods (206) are respectively fixedly connected with the front part of the left side and the rear part of the left side of the transverse plate (201); the left parts of the four push rods (206) are respectively in contact transmission with one fan blade (205).
5. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the function of mild depressurization as claimed in claim 4, wherein torsion springs are arranged between the four fan blades (205) and the spoiler (203) for restoring the fan blades (205).
6. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the mild pressure reduction function according to claim 4, wherein the overflow recovery unit comprises a gas collecting hopper (301), a support plate (302), a condenser pipe (303), a return pipe (304), a liquid storage cylinder (305), an opening baffle (306), a liquid outlet (307), a first flow limiting plate (308) and a second flow limiting plate (309); an air gathering hopper (301) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inner surface of the inclined tube (104); the lower part of the gas gathering hopper (301) is fixedly connected with a condensing pipe (303); a support plate (302) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer surface and the lower part of the outer surface of the condensation pipe (303) respectively; a condensation cavity (303 a) is arranged inside the condensation pipe (303); the front parts and the rear parts of the two support plates (302) are fixedly connected with the inclined tube (104); a return pipe (304) is wound on the outer surface of the condensing pipe (303); the return pipe (304) is positioned between the two support plates (302); a liquid storage cylinder (305) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the inclined tube (104); an opening baffle (306) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the liquid storage cylinder (305); a liquid discharge port (307) is communicated with the left part of the liquid storage cylinder (305); the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder (305) is connected with a surplus collecting unit; three first current limiting plates (308) are fixedly connected in the condensation cavity (303 a) at equal intervals; three second flow limiting plates (309) are fixedly connected in the condensation cavity (303 a) at equal intervals; three second restrictor plates (309) are positioned below the three first restrictor plates (308); the lower parts of the three second flow limiting plates (309) are respectively provided with a flow guide opening (309 a).
7. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the function of mild depressurization as claimed in claim 6, wherein three second flow restriction plates (309) and three first flow restriction plates (308) are arranged alternately for increasing the residence time of ethanol vapor in the condensation chamber (303 a).
8. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the mild pressure reduction function according to claim 6, wherein the surplus collection unit comprises a constriction tube (401), a fixing frame (402), a water tank (403), a second air duct (404), a water inlet (405) and a water outlet (406); the lower part of the liquid storage cylinder (305) is communicated with a bundling pipe (401); two fixing frames (402) are fixedly connected to the right part of the outer surface of the first air duct (101); the lower parts of the two fixing frames (402) are provided with water tanks (403); the right part of the upper side of the water tank (403) is connected with a pressure adjusting unit; the lower part of the converging tube (401) is communicated with a second air duct (404); the upper part of the second air duct (404) is communicated with the water tank (403); a water inlet (405) is arranged at the left part of the rear side of the water tank (403); a water outlet (406) is arranged at the right part of the lower side of the water tank (403).
9. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with mild depressurization function according to claim 8, wherein the orifice of the second gas duct (404) is located at the bottom of the water tank (403).
10. The ethanol extraction pressure relief device with the function of mild depressurization as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pressure adjusting unit comprises a sleeve (501), a second elastic member (502), a connecting rod (503), a vertical rod (504) and a conical block (505); a sleeve (501) penetrates through the right part of the upper side of the water tank (403); the middle part of the sleeve (501) is provided with a hollow groove (501 a); two second elastic pieces (502) are fixedly connected to the right part of the upper side of the water tank (403); the sleeve (501) is positioned between the two second elastic pieces (502); the upper parts of the two second elastic pieces (502) are fixedly connected with a connecting rod (503); a vertical rod (504) is fixedly connected to the middle of the lower surface of the connecting rod (503); the lower part of the vertical rod (504) is fixedly connected with a conical block (505); the upper part of the conical block (505) is used for plugging the lower opening of the hollow groove (501 a); the vertical rod (504) is positioned in the hollow groove (501 a).
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