CN114686786A - Graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114686786A
CN114686786A CN202011573401.8A CN202011573401A CN114686786A CN 114686786 A CN114686786 A CN 114686786A CN 202011573401 A CN202011573401 A CN 202011573401A CN 114686786 A CN114686786 A CN 114686786A
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composite material
graphene oxide
mixed powder
chopped fiber
carbon nano
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陈照峰
李远豪
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Nanjing Fengyuan New Material Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Fengyuan New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C49/00Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C49/00Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04Light metals
    • C22C49/06Aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-structure carbon phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material is prepared from oxygenThe graphene oxide/carbon nano tube/chopped fiber comprises graphene, carbon nano tubes, chopped fiber filaments and aluminum alloy, and the density of the graphene oxide/carbon nano tube/chopped fiber filaments is 1.8-2.5 g/cm3The tensile strength is 500-600 MPa. Uniformly dispersing graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes into aluminum alloy powder by using a plasma dry ball milling method to obtain mixed powder, uniformly dispersing chopped fiber yarns into the mixed powder by using a fluidized bed, and further improving the strength of the composite material by using mechanisms such as interface debonding, fiber yarn breaking and the like. And hot-pressing and sintering the mixed powder to obtain the multi-structure carbon-phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The method can avoid the problems of segregation, agglomeration and the like of short fiber filaments easily occurring in the existing stirring casting method, is beneficial to alloying of metal powder and inorganic non-metal powder, greatly improves grinding efficiency, avoids the non-crystallization phenomenon of graphene oxide and carbon nano tubes caused by ball milling, and is beneficial to preparing metal materials with multi-layer composite sheet structures.

Description

Graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The commercial aircraft engine with the large bypass ratio has higher requirements on performance, reliability and service life, and has higher and higher requirements on emission and noise, and the reduction of the dead weight of the engine is an important way for realizing the requirements. The working temperature of the fan blade of the engine is the environmental temperature, the titanium alloy and resin-based composite material which are designed in a hollow mode are mainly adopted at present, but the application of the fan blade of the engine is limited due to the defects of high preparation difficulty, long period and high cost, and the preparation period and the cost can be reduced by adopting the aluminum-based composite material to prepare the fan blade of the aero-engine.
The traditional ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material takes ceramic particles as a reinforcing phase and aluminum alloy as a matrix, and the aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the method has low density, high specific strength, excellent wear resistance and good high temperature resistance; however, the method has certain defects that the wettability of the ceramic particles and the matrix is poor, the interface reaction is difficult to control, and the ceramic particles are difficult to disperse uniformly, so that the reinforcing effect of the ceramic particles is weakened.
CN103725911A proposes a preparation method of alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which is prepared by uniformly mixing alumina ceramic particles with aluminum powder, and carrying out hot pressing and hot processing, wherein the mechanical properties of the alumina particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite are not outstanding due to weak interface combination of the ceramic particles and the matrix.
CN109439940B proposes a method for preparing a particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material by hot-pressing sintering under atmospheric atmosphere, which is used for preparing the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and overcomes the defects of complex process, high cost and low production efficiency of the existing hot-pressing sintering preparation of the composite material. The ceramic particles and the aluminum alloy powder are particles with the same grade of particle size, and the interface bonding strength between the ceramic particle reinforcing phase and the matrix is still not ideal.
CN104073674B discloses a preparation method of a graphene aluminum-based composite material, and aims to solve the problem of low volume fraction of graphene. Preparing aluminum metal powder, preparing composite powder by a ball milling method, preparing a prefabricated body after cold pressing, smelting aluminum liquid, impregnating the prefabricated body with the aluminum liquid by pressure impregnation, and maintaining pressure, cooling and demolding to obtain the graphene aluminum-based composite material.
At present, the strength of the aluminum alloy is not enough when being applied to the field of aerospace, and the aluminum-based composite material with lower density and higher strength can be prepared by compounding an aluminum alloy matrix with reinforcing phases with different structures such as graphene, carbon nano tubes, chopped fiber yarns and continuous fibers. The existing preparation methods of the aluminum-based composite material mainly comprise a stirring casting method, a powder metallurgy method, a melt infiltration method and the like, and various preparation methods have the advantages and the disadvantages. By compounding multiple reinforcing phases into the aluminum alloy matrix, the aluminum matrix composite with high cost performance can be prepared by exerting different reinforcing mechanisms.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that gas and impurities are easy to mix in a stirring casting method and further improve the ultimate strength of the aluminum-based composite material, the invention provides the graphene oxide and carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof, the dispersion uniformity of the chopped fiber yarns in the aluminum alloy powder is effectively improved by utilizing a fluidized bed technology, and the strength of the aluminum-based composite material can be further improved by using a multi-carbon structure reinforcing phase.
The density of the graphene oxide and carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material is 1.8-2.5 g/cm3The high-tensile-strength composite material is 500-600 MPa in tensile strength and comprises graphene oxide accounting for 0.5-2.5% by volume, carbon nano tubes accounting for 0.5-2.5% by volume, aluminum alloy powder accounting for 30-85% by volume and chopped fiber yarns accounting for 5-30% by volume.
The preparation method of the graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mechanically mixing graphene oxide, carbon nano tubes, stearic acid and aluminum alloy powder for 1h, then placing the mixture into a plasma ball mill for ball milling at the rotation speed of 100-300 rpm/min and the plasma electron temperature of 3000-;
(2) placing the chopped fiber filaments and the mixed powder into a fluidized bed, and uniformly dispersing the chopped fiber filaments into the mixed powder under the drive of gas to obtain mixed powder;
(3) cold-pressing and shaping the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) in a mold, wherein the pressure is 50-150 MPa, and then carrying out cold isostatic pressing at 150-300MPa to obtain a blank;
(4) sintering the green body prepared in the step (3) in a pressureless mode, wherein the sintering temperature is 600-750 ℃, and the final product is obtained after sintering in a vacuum or argon atmosphere;
(5) injecting the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) into a die, and carrying out hot pressing at the pressure of 300-400 MPa and the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to obtain a final product;
(6) and (3) adding the powder obtained in the step (1) or the powder obtained in the step (2) into a 3D printing device, printing out parts through 3D, and performing sand blasting treatment to obtain a final product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can avoid the problems of segregation, agglomeration and the like of chopped fiber filaments easily caused by the existing stirring and casting method, is favorable for alloying of metal powder and inorganic nonmetal powder, greatly improves grinding efficiency, avoids the non-crystallization phenomenon of graphene oxide and carbon nano tubes caused by ball milling, and is favorable for preparing metal materials with multi-layer composite sheet structures.
Example of the implementation
Example 1: mechanically mixing 1% of graphene oxide by volume fraction, 1% of carbon nano tube by volume fraction and 85% of aluminum alloy powder by volume fraction for 1h, putting the mixture into a plasma ball mill for ball milling at the rotating speed of 150rpm/min, and obtaining the graphene oxide, the carbon nano tube and the aluminum alloy powder after ball milling to obtain mixed powder; placing the chopped alumina fiber filaments and the mixed powder into a fluidized bed, and uniformly dispersing the chopped alumina fiber filaments into the mixed powder under the drive of gas to obtain a mixture; the material is cold-pressed in a mould under 60MPa and then shaped, then is subjected to cold isostatic pressing under 200MPa and vacuum sintering under normal pressure and 600 ℃, and a finished product is obtained after mechanical processing, and the tensile strength of the finished product is tested to be 540 +/-40 MPa.
Example 2: mechanically mixing graphene oxide with the volume fraction of 2.5%, carbon nano tubes with the volume fraction of 2.5% and aluminum alloy powder with the volume fraction of 70%, putting the mixture into a plasma ball mill for ball milling at the rotating speed of 250rpm/min, and obtaining mixed powder by ball milling graphene oxide, carbon nano tubes and aluminum alloy powder; placing the chopped high-silica fiber filaments with the volume fraction of 25% and the mixed powder into a fluidized bed, uniformly dispersing the chopped fiber filaments into the mixed powder under the drive of gas to obtain a mixture, injecting the mixture into a mold, and testing the hot-pressing pressure to be 300MPa, the temperature to be 500 ℃, so that a finished product is obtained after mechanical processing, wherein the tensile strength of the finished product is 580 +/-20 MPa.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the protection of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A multi-structure carbon-phase reinforced aluminum-based composite material with a density of 1.8-2.5 g/cm3The high-tensile-strength composite material is 500-600 MPa in tensile strength and comprises graphene oxide accounting for 0.5-2.5% by volume, carbon nano tubes accounting for 0.5-2.5% by volume, aluminum alloy powder accounting for 30-85% by volume and chopped fiber yarns accounting for 5-30% by volume.
2. A preparation method of a multi-structure carbon phase reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mechanically mixing graphene oxide, carbon nano tubes, stearic acid and aluminum alloy powder for 1h, then placing the mixture into a plasma ball mill for ball milling at the rotation speed of 100-300 rpm/min and the plasma electron temperature of 3000-;
(2) placing the chopped fiber filaments and the mixed powder into a fluidized bed, and uniformly dispersing the chopped fiber filaments into the mixed powder under the drive of gas to obtain mixed powder;
(3) cold-pressing and shaping the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) in a mold, wherein the pressure is 50-150 MPa, and then carrying out cold isostatic pressing at 150-300MPa to obtain a blank;
(4) sintering the green body prepared in the step (3) in a pressureless mode, wherein the sintering temperature is 600-750 ℃, and the final product is obtained after sintering in a vacuum or argon atmosphere;
(5) injecting the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) into a die, and carrying out hot pressing at the pressure of 300-400 MPa and the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to obtain a final product;
(6) and (3) adding the powder obtained in the step (1) or the powder obtained in the step (2) into a 3D printing device, printing out parts through 3D, and performing sand blasting treatment to obtain a final product.
CN202011573401.8A 2020-12-25 2020-12-25 Graphene oxide and carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN114686786A (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5022918A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-06-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-resistant aluminum alloy sinter and process for production of the same
CN104975201A (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-14 现代自动车株式会社 Nanocarbon-reinforced aluminium composite materials and method for manufacturing the same
CN105385871A (en) * 2015-10-22 2016-03-09 上海交通大学 Preparing method of multielement nanometer composite strengthening thermal-resisting aluminum matrix composite
CN106399766A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-02-15 西南交通大学 Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and graphene nano flakes (GNFs) synergetic enhanced aluminum-based composite and preparation method
CN107287480A (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-24 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Blade of aviation engine aluminum matrix composite
CN110331307A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-10-15 黑龙江科技大学 A kind of graphene carbon nanotube hybrid buildup aluminium bearing material and preparation method thereof
CN111500911A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-07 上海鑫烯复合材料工程技术中心有限公司 Preparation method of high-toughness nano reinforced metal matrix composite material
CN111519073A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-11 上海鑫烯复合材料工程技术中心有限公司 Nano reinforced metal matrix composite material with trimodal characteristics
CN111636006A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-08 香港生产力促进局 Aluminum-silicon alloy graphite composite heat conduction material and preparation and application thereof

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5022918A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-06-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-resistant aluminum alloy sinter and process for production of the same
CN104975201A (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-14 现代自动车株式会社 Nanocarbon-reinforced aluminium composite materials and method for manufacturing the same
CN105385871A (en) * 2015-10-22 2016-03-09 上海交通大学 Preparing method of multielement nanometer composite strengthening thermal-resisting aluminum matrix composite
CN107287480A (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-24 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Blade of aviation engine aluminum matrix composite
CN106399766A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-02-15 西南交通大学 Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and graphene nano flakes (GNFs) synergetic enhanced aluminum-based composite and preparation method
CN110331307A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-10-15 黑龙江科技大学 A kind of graphene carbon nanotube hybrid buildup aluminium bearing material and preparation method thereof
CN111636006A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-08 香港生产力促进局 Aluminum-silicon alloy graphite composite heat conduction material and preparation and application thereof
CN111500911A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-07 上海鑫烯复合材料工程技术中心有限公司 Preparation method of high-toughness nano reinforced metal matrix composite material
CN111519073A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-11 上海鑫烯复合材料工程技术中心有限公司 Nano reinforced metal matrix composite material with trimodal characteristics

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