CN114685096A - Composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114685096A CN114685096A CN202011565353.8A CN202011565353A CN114685096A CN 114685096 A CN114685096 A CN 114685096A CN 202011565353 A CN202011565353 A CN 202011565353A CN 114685096 A CN114685096 A CN 114685096A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The application discloses a composite material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide. The composite material has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, high impact resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The plastic cement is a common engineering material and has the characteristics of light specific gravity, easy processing and low manufacturing cost, but has low surface hardness, easy scratching, solvent resistance and poor ultraviolet light aging resistance; the ceramic has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, high melting point, oxidation resistance and the like. The ceramic-plastic composite material is expected to take the advantages of both ceramic and plastic into account, and has wide application prospect. However, the ceramics and the plastics are difficult to be closely combined, the sintering of the common ceramics needs a high temperature of at least over 1200 ℃, which cannot be borne by the common plastics, the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramics and the plastics are relatively different, when the ceramic-plastic composite material encounters the rapid change of the external temperature, the two phases are easy to separate, and the market demand is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides the composite material and the preparation method and the application thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a composite material, which comprises the following components by mass: 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method of preparing a composite material as described above, comprising:
mixing alumina and silica to obtain a powder material;
carrying out first mixing on the powder material and plastic to obtain a first mixture;
and adding mullite into the first mixture for second mixing to obtain the composite material.
In a third aspect, the present application provides the use of a composite material as described above in an electronic product.
Through a large amount of experimental researches, the inventor of the application finds that a composite material formed by 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, impact resistance and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The application provides a composite material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide.
The composite material disclosed by the application contains 40-90% of mullite, so that the strength of the composite material can be effectively improved, and the composite material has higher hardness.
The composite material comprises 10-30% of plastic, so that a good basis can be provided for the formability of the composite material, the composite material is easy to process, and the composite material has good processing formability; the plastic cement with the content can effectively improve the toughness of the composite material, so that the composite material has good impact resistance.
The alumina is an optional component of the composite material, contains the alumina with the content, and can increase the fluidity of the composite material, so that the composite material is convenient for injection molding.
The silicon oxide is an optional component of the composite material, and contains the silicon oxide with the content, and the addition of the silicon oxide can improve the bending strength of the composite material.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the mullite in the composite is Al2O3-SiO2The binary solid solution in the element system, which is stable under normal pressure, can improve the compatibility of each component of the composite material and is beneficial to improving the fluidity and/or the bending strength of the composite material by adding alumina and/or silicon oxide with the property similar to that of a mullite matrix into the composite material.
The inventor finds that a composite material formed by 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, good impact resistance and the like through a large number of experimental researches.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the mullite may be present in an amount of 40%, 45%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 90%, the plastic may be present in an amount of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%, the alumina may be present in an amount of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% or 15%, and the silica may be present in an amount of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13% or 15%.
According to an embodiment of the application, the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide. Thereby, the comprehensive performance of the composite material can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the mullite has an aspect ratio of 5 to 50. Thereby, the strength of the composite material can be further ensured. Preferably, the aspect ratio of the mullite is from 20 to 40. The aspect ratio test method described in the present application is as follows: selecting an area of 5 x 5 μm in an SEM picture of the composite material2Region for measuring the diameter and thickness of the whisker (i.e. mullite)And taking the average value of the ratio of the degrees.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the plastic is a plastic having a certain rigidity and good flowability at a high temperature. Preferably, the four-point bending strength of the plastic is in the range of 60-80 MPa. The strength and the processing formability of the composite material can be further ensured by adopting the plastic with certain rigidity and high-temperature fluidity.
According to an embodiment of the application, the plastic comprises at least one of PPS, PBT, PC, PA, PEEK, PU, epoxy, silicone and acrylic.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the alumina is an alumina subjected to a modification treatment, and the modification treatment may be a coupling agent modification treatment. Optionally, the coupling agent is one or more of titanate, stearic acid, silane coupling agent, zirconate and aluminate. Preferably, in the coupling agent modified alumina, the mass of the coupling agent accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of the alumina. The composite material contains alumina modified by a coupling agent, so that the fluidity of the composite material can be effectively improved, and the binding force of mullite and plastic is improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the four-point bend of the composite material is 180-280 MPa.
According to the embodiment of the application, the composite material with the thickness of 0.8mm has the falling height of the 32g steel ball of more than or equal to 10 cm.
The present application provides a method of preparing a composite material as described above, comprising:
mixing alumina and silica to obtain a powder material;
carrying out first mixing on the powder material and plastic to obtain a first mixture;
and adding mullite into the first mixture for second mixing to obtain the composite material.
It should be noted that: when the content of the aluminum oxide is 0% and the content of the silicon oxide is not 0%, the powder material is silicon oxide, and the silicon oxide and the plastic can be directly subjected to first mixing;
when the content of the aluminum oxide is not 0% and the content of the silicon oxide is 0%, the powder material is aluminum oxide, and the aluminum oxide and the plastic can be directly subjected to first mixing;
when the content of alumina and the content of alumina are both 0%, the first mixing step can be omitted, and the plastic and the mullite are subjected to second mixing, or the first mixing step can also be the mixing of the plastic, the first mixing step is the plastic, and then the plastic and the mullite are subjected to second mixing.
The first mixing and the second mixing can be carried out in a high-speed mixer, an extruder or an internal mixer, so as to ensure the uniformity of mixing of the components of the composite material. Preferably, the second mixing is carried out in an extruder or an internal mixer. According to the preparation method of the composite material, the powder alumina and the silicon oxide are mixed firstly, then the mixed powder is mixed with the plastic, and finally the mullite is added.
According to an embodiment of the application, the temperature of the first mixing is: 200-400 ℃ for the following time: 0.5-8 h; the temperature of the second mixing is 200-400 ℃, and the time is 5-30 min. The temperature and the time of the first mixing and the second mixing are controlled under the conditions, so that the mixture of all components of the composite material is uniform, the structure of the mullite whisker is not damaged, and the comprehensive performance of the composite material is further improved.
The application provides the application of the composite material on electronic products. Optionally, the electronic product may be a mobile phone, a smart wearable product, or the like.
Example 1
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of alumina, 15% of silicon oxide, 45% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding piece comprises the following steps:
mixing 1.5Kg of alumina and 1.5KG of silicon oxide in a high-speed stirrer for 1 hour to obtain a powder material;
mixing the powder material and 2.5KgPPS plastic in an internal mixer for 1 hour at the mixing temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 4.5Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the composition of the composite material was: 10% alumina, 10% silica, 55% mullite with aspect ratio of 40 and 25% PPS plastic.
Example 3
The same as in example 1, except that the composition of the composite material was: 5% alumina, 5% silica, 65% mullite with aspect ratio of 40 and 25% PPS plastic.
Example 4
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0% of alumina, 0% of silicon oxide, 75% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating 2.5KgPPS plastic and 7.5Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 5
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of alumina, 15% of silicon oxide, 45% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PA plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
mixing 1.5Kg of alumina and 1.5KG of silicon oxide in a high-speed stirrer for 1 hour to obtain a powder material;
mixing the powder material and 2.5KgPA plastic in an internal mixer for 1h, wherein the mixing temperature is 280 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 280 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 4.5Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 280 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 6
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of alumina, 15% of silicon oxide, 45% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PU plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
mixing 1.5Kg of alumina and 1.5KG of silicon oxide in a high-speed stirrer for 1 hour to obtain a powder material;
mixing the powder material and 2.5KgPU plastic in an internal mixer for 1h at the mixing temperature of 270 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 270 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 4.5Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 270 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 7
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of alumina, 60% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
mixing 1.5Kg of alumina and 2.5Kg of PPS plastic in an internal mixer for 1 hour at the mixing temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 6.0Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 8
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of silicon oxide, 60% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
mixing 1.5Kg of silicon oxide and 2.5KgPPS plastic in an internal mixer for 1 hour at the mixing temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 6.0Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 9
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of alumina, 5% of silica, 60% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
1.0Kg of alumina and 0.5KG of silicon oxide are mixed in a high-speed mixer for 1 hour to obtain a powder material;
mixing the powder material and 2.5KgPPS plastic in an internal mixer for 1 hour at the mixing temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 6.0Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 10
The composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of alumina, 10% of silica, 60% of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 and 25% of PPS plastic;
the manufacturing process of the composite material injection molding part comprises the following steps:
mixing 0.5Kg of alumina and 1.0KG of silicon oxide in a high-speed stirrer for 1 hour to obtain a powder material;
mixing the powder material and 2.5KgPPS plastic in an internal mixer for 1 hour at the mixing temperature of 300 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
heating a screw extruder to 300 ℃, extruding and granulating the first mixture and 6.0Kg of mullite with the length-diameter ratio of 40 in the extruder to obtain a feed, wherein the extrusion time is 20 min;
and (3) loading the feed into a hopper of an injection molding machine, installing an injection mold, setting the temperature of a charging basket of the injection molding machine to be 300 ℃, the injection pressure to be 140MPa, the pressure maintaining time to be 20s and the mold temperature to be 150 ℃ to obtain the injection molding piece.
Example 11
The same as example 3, except that the aspect ratio of mullite is 30.
Example 12
The same as example 3, except that the aspect ratio of mullite is 20.
Example 13
The same as example 3, except that the aspect ratio of mullite is 10.
Example 14
The same as example 3, except that the aspect ratio of mullite is 50.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 1, except that the composition of the composite material was: 75% alumina and 25% PPS plastic.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the composition of the composite material was: 15% alumina, 15% silica, 30% mullite with aspect ratio of 40 and 40% PPS plastic.
And (3) performance testing:
1. melt index: the composite was tested for melt index according to standard ASTM D1238-04, wherein: the test conditions of the composite material with the PPS plastic are as follows: 290 ℃/5Kg, and the test conditions of the composite material with the plastic PA are as follows: 280 ℃/5 Kg; the test conditions of the composite material with the plastic cement of PU are as follows: 250 ℃/5 Kg;
2. four-point bending strength (4 PB) test: testing the four point bending properties of the composite according to standard ASTM D790;
3. pencil hardness: testing the pencil hardness of the composite material according to the standard GB T6739-;
4. ball drop test: the composite was tested for drop resistance according to standard ASTM E208, with specific test methods/conditions: the center of the sample (sample thickness 0.8 mm) was hammered with a drop weight of 32g, starting from a height of 5cm and increasing in height by 5cm each time if no crack occurred, until the sample stopped visually cracking, and the height was recorded.
The data obtained from the tests are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Hardness of pencil | Melt index (g/10min) | 4PB/MPa | 32g steel ball falls | |
| Example 1 | 5H | 20 | 200 | 25cm OK |
| Example 2 | 4H | 12 | 245 | 30cm OK |
| Example 3 | 4H | 8 | 285 | 35cm OK |
| Example 4 | 4H | 6 | 310 | 45cm OK |
| Example 5 | 3H | 28 | 220 | 25cm OK |
| Example 6 | 3H | 26 | 220 | 25cm OK |
| Example 7 | 5H | 16 | 180 | 25cm OK |
| Example 8 | 4H | 12 | 220 | 25cm OK |
| Example 9 | 4H | 14 | 190 | 25cm OK |
| Example 10 | 4H | 13 | 210 | 25cm OK |
| Example 11 | 4H | 10 | 270 | 35cm OK |
| Example 12 | 4H | 12 | 250 | 30cm OK |
| Example 13 | 4H | 16 | 220 | 20cm OK |
| Example 14 | 4H | 7 | 290 | 35cm OK |
| Comparative example 1 | 3H | 8 | 71 | 5cm NG |
| Comparative example 2 | 2H | 26 | 79 | 5cm NG |
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 14 of the present embodiment have significantly better overall properties than those of the composite materials of comparative examples 1 to 2. Among them, comparative example 2, which contains components outside the range of the present application, had poor pencil hardness, four-point bending strength and impact resistance, although it had good fluidity.
In summary, the composite material of the present application improves the bending strength and impact resistance of the composite material under the synergistic effect of mullite, plastic, alumina, and silica. The composite material provided by the application has higher hardness, bending strength and impact resistance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-90% of mullite, 10-30% of plastic, 0-15% of alumina and 0-15% of silicon oxide.
3. The composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the aspect ratio of the mullite is comprised between 5 and 50.
4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the plastic comprises at least one of PPS, PBT, PC, PA, PEEK, PU, epoxy, silicone, and acrylic.
5. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the alumina is a modified alumina.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the four-point bending strength of the composite material is 180-280 MPa.
7. A method for preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises:
mixing alumina and silica to obtain a powder material;
carrying out first mixing on the powder material and plastic to obtain a first mixture;
and adding mullite into the first mixture for second mixing to obtain the composite material.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the first mixing is: 200-400 ℃, the time is as follows: 0.5-2 h.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the second mixing is 200-400 ℃ and the time is 5-30 min.
10. Use of a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in an electronic product.
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