CN114684832A - Core-shell molecular sieve, preparation method thereof, sound absorption material and loudspeaker - Google Patents

Core-shell molecular sieve, preparation method thereof, sound absorption material and loudspeaker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114684832A
CN114684832A CN202210405104.5A CN202210405104A CN114684832A CN 114684832 A CN114684832 A CN 114684832A CN 202210405104 A CN202210405104 A CN 202210405104A CN 114684832 A CN114684832 A CN 114684832A
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molecular sieve
core
shell
shell structure
aluminum
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张捷
王和志
汪中洋
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AAC Technologies Holdings Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
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AAC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210405104.5A priority Critical patent/CN114684832A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/093428 priority patent/WO2023201810A1/en
Publication of CN114684832A publication Critical patent/CN114684832A/en
Priority to JP2022204655A priority patent/JP7432697B2/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/36Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • C01B39/38Type ZSM-5
    • C01B39/40Type ZSM-5 using at least one organic template directing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/026After-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/04Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/04Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B26/06Acrylates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162Selection of materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52Sound-insulating materials

Abstract

The invention provides a core-shell structure molecular sieve, which takes a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure as a core phase, wherein the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the core phase is 50-150; the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure takes a rare earth metal modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a microporous structure as a shell layer, the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the shell layer is 300-800, and the shell layer contains 1-5 wt% of rare earth metal. The shell layer of the core-shell structure molecular sieve has a high silica-alumina ratio, the water resistance of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is greatly improved after rare earth metal modification, and meanwhile, the microporous structure of the shell layer can effectively limit VOCs from entering the core phase of the core-shell structure molecular sieve, so that the core phase molecular sieve can keep good activity, the water resistance and the VOCs performance of the sound absorption material made of the core-shell structure molecular sieve are improved, and the loudspeaker filled with the sound absorption material has stable acoustic performance.

Description

Core-shell molecular sieve, preparation method thereof, sound absorption material and loudspeaker
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of sound absorption materials, in particular to a sound absorption material containing a core-shell structure molecular sieve, which is used in a loudspeaker.
[ background of the invention ]
Along with the continuous development of portable electronic equipment such as smart mobile phone, bluetooth headset, people also are more and more high to the requirement of audio quality, for promoting the audio quality, improve the sound production effect of speaker, one of the common way of adopting at present is pack into sound absorbing material in order to increase the volume of virtual back cavity in the speaker back cavity to improve the audio quality.
The molecular sieve is a material with high specific surface area, can continuously adsorb and desorb air in a back cavity of a loudspeaker when the back cavity vibrates, so that the effect of increasing the volume of the back cavity is indirectly achieved, and the molecular sieve is a common sound absorption material in the back cavity of the loudspeaker. But the molecular sieve with higher aluminum content is easy to remove aluminum in a high-humidity environment, and the framework structure of the molecular sieve is damaged, so that the performance of the sound absorbing material is reduced; in addition, the loudspeaker system can give off a small amount of various VOCs when working for a long time, the VOCs easily causes the pore channel to block in getting into the pore channel of molecular sieve, or adsorb on the molecular sieve surface, occupy effective absorption position, and difficult desorption after some VOCs adsorb leads to the irreversible inactivation to appear in the molecular sieve, and sound absorption performance descends.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new core-shell structure molecular sieve and a sound absorbing material having the same to solve the above problems.
[ summary of the invention ]
In order to solve the above disadvantages and shortcomings, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-activity core-shell molecular sieve and a preparation method thereof.
The invention also aims to provide a sound absorption material containing the high-activity core-shell structure molecular sieve and a loudspeaker filled with the sound absorption material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a core-shell structure molecular sieve, wherein the silicon-aluminum mass ratio of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is 1-500; the core-shell structure molecular sieve takes a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure as a core phase, and the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the core phase is 50-150; the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure takes a rare earth metal modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a microporous structure as a shell layer, the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the shell layer is 300-800, and the shell layer contains 1-5 wt% of rare earth metal.
Preferably, the grain size of the core phase is 200-1000nm, and the thickness of the shell layer is 20-200 nm.
Preferably, the rare earth metal comprises La or Ce.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the core-shell molecular sieve, which comprises the following steps:
mixing sodium hydroxide, an aluminum source, a silicon source, a template agent, a rare earth metal M compound and water to obtain a precursor mixed solution;
uniformly mixing and stirring the precursor mixed solution and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure, and then performing hydrothermal crystallization to obtain a prefabricated mixed solution;
and cooling and filtering the prefabricated mixed solution, washing the prefabricated mixed solution by using deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying and roasting the washed solution to obtain the core-shell structure molecular sieve.
Preferably, the aluminum source comprises one or more of aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate and aluminate, the silicon source comprises one or more of silica sol, white carbon black and orthosilicate, the template comprises tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or tetrapropylammonium bromide, and the rare earth metal M comprises La or Ce.
Preferably, the aluminum source contains Al2O3The silicon source contains SiO2Sodium hydroxide and Al in the precursor mixed solution2O3、SiO2The mol ratio of the template agent, the rare earth metal M compound and the water is [ 50-100%]:[0.5-1.5]:800:[50-200]:[5-20]:[10000-20000]。
Preferably, the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the mesoporous structure and SiO in the precursor mixed solution2The mass ratio is [ 1-10%]:1。
The invention also provides a sound absorption material, which comprises the core-shell structure molecular sieve and a binder.
Preferably, the binder comprises one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene butadiene, polystyrene acetate; the sound absorbing material contains 2 to 10 wt% of the binder.
The invention also provides a loudspeaker which is provided with a shell and a sounding monomer contained in the shell, wherein the sounding monomer and the shell are enclosed to form a rear cavity, and the rear cavity is filled with the sound absorption material.
Compared with the related art, the core-shell structure molecular sieve, the sound absorption material and the loudspeaker provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects: the shell layer of the core-shell structure molecular sieve has a higher silica-alumina ratio, the water resistance of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is greatly improved after rare earth metal modification, and meanwhile, the microporous structure of the shell layer can effectively limit VOCs from entering the core phase of the core-shell structure molecular sieve, so that the core phase molecular sieve can keep good activity, the water resistance and the VOCs performance of the sound absorption material made of the core-shell structure molecular sieve are improved, and the loudspeaker has stable acoustic performance.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure provided by the invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The loudspeaker 100 comprises a shell 1 and a sound generating single body 2 accommodated in the shell 1, wherein the sound generating single body 2 and the shell 1 enclose to form a rear cavity 3, and a sound absorbing material 4 is filled in the rear cavity to increase the virtual space of the rear cavity 3, so that the low-frequency performance of the loudspeaker 100 is improved.
The sound absorption material 4 comprises a core-shell structure molecular sieve and a binder.
The silicon-aluminum mass ratio of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is 1-500; the core-shell structure molecular sieve takes a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure as a core phase, and the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the core phase is 50-150; the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure takes a rare earth metal modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a microporous structure as a shell layer, the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the shell layer is 300-800, and the shell layer contains 1-5 wt% of rare earth metal. Specifically, the grain size of the nuclear phase is 200-1000nm, and the thickness of the shell layer is 20-200 nm.
In the core-shell structure molecular sieve, the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the mesoporous structure as the core phase is provided with the shell layer of the rare earth metal modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the microporous structure, the shell layer has higher silica-alumina ratio, the water resistance is effectively improved through rare earth metal modification, and meanwhile, the microporous structure on the shell layer can effectively limit VOCs from entering the core phase of the core-shell structure molecular sieve, so that the molecular sieve as the core phase keeps good activity.
The preparation method of the core-shell structure molecular sieve mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving an aluminum source into a sodium hydroxide solution, adding a silicon source, mixing, adding a template agent, and finally adding a rare earth metal M compound, and uniformly mixing to obtain a precursor mixed solution;
(2) adding a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a ZSM-5 molecular sieve solution with a mesoporous structure;
(3) mixing the precursor mixed solution obtained in the step (1) with the ZSM-5 molecular sieve solution with the mesoporous structure in the step (2), and uniformly stirring at 50-70 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
(4) putting the mixed liquid obtained in the step (3) into a reaction kettle, and performing hydrothermal crystallization for 1-3 days at 90-100 ℃ to obtain a prefabricated mixed liquid;
(5) and (4) cooling and filtering the prefabricated mixed liquid obtained in the step (4), repeatedly washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying and roasting to obtain the core-shell structure molecular sieve.
Wherein, in the step (1), the aluminum source comprises one or more of aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate and aluminate; the silicon source comprises one or more of silica sol, white carbon black and orthosilicate; the template comprises tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or tetrapropylammonium bromide; the rare earth metal M comprises La or Ce; it is understood that the aluminum source contains Al2O3Mainly as Al2O3(ii) a source of (a); similarly, the silicon source contains SiO2Mainly as SiO2The source of (a). Therefore, in the preparation of the precursor mixture in step (1), sodium hydroxide and Al are added2O3、SiO2The mol ratio of the template agent, the rare earth metal M compound and the water is [ 50-100%]:[0.5-1.5]:800:[50-200]:[5-20]:[10000-20000]。
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the mesoporous structure to the SiO2 in the precursor mixed solution is [1-10 ]: 1.
the core-shell structure molecular sieve prepared by the method can be used as a raw material together with a binder to prepare a sound absorption material 4 filled in the rear cavity 3 of the loudspeaker 100, and the specific preparation scheme is as follows:
(a) weighing the core-shell structure molecular sieve, deionized water and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the core-shell structure molecular sieve to the deionized water is 1: [ 0.6-1.5 ]: [0.02 to 0.10 ];
(b) uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a suspension A;
(c) stirring the suspension A for 2 hours at normal temperature to obtain a suspension B;
(d) and filtering the suspension B by using a filter screen, and removing filter residues to obtain the sound absorbing material stock solution.
Wherein the binder comprises one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene butadiene and polystyrene acetate; the sound absorbing material contains 2 to 10 wt% of the binder.
For the specific implementation mode of forming the sound absorption material stock solution into the sound absorption material, a corresponding forming method can be reasonably selected according to specific use requirements to process the sound absorption material stock solution, so that the sound absorption material in the final form is obtained. Wherein, the molding method includes but not limited to the following four methods:
(1) granulating by spraying or other methods, and drying to obtain granular sound-absorbing material;
(2) drying after molding through a specific mold to obtain a block-shaped sound absorption material;
(3) loading the stock solution of the sound absorption material on a porous material, such as organic foam, activated carbon foam and the like, and drying to obtain a foam sound absorption material;
(4) coating or printing to obtain the sheet or film sound absorption material.
The following provides a more detailed description of the method for preparing the sound absorbing material containing the molecular sieve with core-shell structure, with reference to specific examples and comparative groups.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving aluminum nitrate in sodium hydroxide solution, adding silica sol, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and La2O3Uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain precursor mixed liquor; among the above raw materials, sodium hydroxide and Al2O3、SiO2、C12H29NO、La2O3And the molar ratio of water is 100: 1: 800: 100: 5: 10000.
(2) weighing SiO in the step (1)2Adding a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure and a crystal grain size of 800 mu m with a mass ratio of 10:1 into deionized water to prepare a ZSM-5 molecular sieve solution with a mesoporous structure, and uniformly stirring the ZSM-5 molecular sieve solution with the precursor mixed solution in the step 1 under a water bath condition of 60 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) putting the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, and performing hydrothermal crystallization for 72 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain a prefabricated mixed solution;
(4) cooling and filtering the prefabricated mixed liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain a filter cake, and repeatedly washing the filter cake with deionized water until the pH value is neutral to obtain a solid;
(5) putting the solid obtained in the step (4) into a muffle furnace, and calcining for 2 hours at 550 ℃ to obtain the core-shell structure molecular sieve;
(6) weighing the core-shell structure molecular sieve, deionized water and a binder, wherein the mass ratio of the core-shell structure molecular sieve to the deionized water is 1: 1: 0.05, uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(7) dispersing the mixed solution into small droplets with uniform size by a granulating device, and freezing the droplets into solid particles after the droplets enter a cooling tower;
(8) and (3) putting the solid particles into a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of-40 ℃ for drying for 12h, putting the dried particles into a drying oven at the temperature of 110 ℃ for drying for 2h, and obtaining the solid particles, namely the sound absorption material containing the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure.
Control group 1
The difference between the comparison group and the example 1 is that the molecular sieve used in the step (6) is a conventional ZSM-5 molecular sieve, the silica-alumina ratio and the grain size of the molecular sieve are the same as those of the core-shell structure molecular sieve in the example 1, and the subsequent sound absorption material forming step is the same as that in the example 1.
The prepared sound-absorbing materials of example 1 and control 1 were tested as follows.
Acoustic measurement
The resonance frequency of the loudspeaker is determined by measuring the frequency-dependent resistance and its phase, and its corresponding zero-crossing. A speaker having a rear chamber of 0.5ml and a sound generating unit of 11mm 15mm 3mm was connected to an impedance analyzer, and the rear chamber of the speaker was filled with a sound absorbing material having a diameter of 200 and 300 μm selected from example 1 and control 1, respectively, and the offset value of F0, i.e., Δ F0, was calculated with respect to the empty chamber.
High temperature high humidity test
After the initial performance of the test of the embodiment 1 and the comparison group 1 is finished, the test pieces are placed in a high-temperature high-humidity box with the temperature of 85 ℃/85% rh for working with load for 200h, and the delta F0 before and after the test is measured.
VOCs resistance test
The sound absorbing materials prepared in the embodiment 1 and the comparison group 1 of the invention are respectively placed in the rear cavity of a loudspeaker, work is carried out for 48 hours under the atmosphere of VOCs, and delta F0 before and after the coexistence of VOCs is tested, wherein the VOCs can be one or more of isooctyl acrylate, trimethylolpropane, triacrylate, phenethyl ester and the like. The test results obtained are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003601492280000081
According to the test results in table 1, the high temperature and high humidity resistance and the VOCs resistance of the sound absorbing material prepared by the core-shell structure molecular sieve provided by the invention are remarkably improved.
Compared with the prior art, the shell layer of the core-shell structure molecular sieve provided by the invention has a higher silicon-aluminum ratio, the water resistance is greatly improved after rare earth metal modification, and meanwhile, the microporous structure of the shell layer can effectively limit VOCs from entering the core phase of the core-shell structure molecular sieve, so that the core phase molecular sieve can keep good activity, the water resistance and the VOCs performance of the sound absorption material containing the core-shell structure molecular sieve are improved, and a loudspeaker has stable acoustic performance.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The core-shell structure molecular sieve is characterized in that the silicon-aluminum mass ratio of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is 1-500; the core-shell structure molecular sieve takes a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure as a core phase, and the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the core phase is 50-150; the molecular sieve with the core-shell structure takes a rare earth metal modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a microporous structure as a shell layer, the mass ratio of silicon to aluminum of the shell layer is 300-800, and the shell layer contains 1-5 wt% of rare earth metal.
2. The molecular sieve with the core-shell structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the core phase is 200-1000nm, and the thickness of the shell layer is 20-200 nm.
3. The core-shell molecular sieve of claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal comprises La or Ce.
4. The preparation method of the core-shell structure molecular sieve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing sodium hydroxide, an aluminum source, a silicon source, a template agent, a rare earth metal M compound and water to obtain a precursor mixed solution;
uniformly mixing and stirring the precursor mixed solution and a ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a mesoporous structure, and then performing hydrothermal crystallization to obtain a prefabricated mixed solution;
and cooling and filtering the prefabricated mixed solution, washing the prefabricated mixed solution by using deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying and roasting the washed solution to obtain the core-shell structure molecular sieve.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum source comprises one or more of aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate and aluminate, the silicon source comprises one or more of silica sol, white carbon black and orthosilicate, the template comprises tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or tetrapropylammonium bromide, and the rare earth metal M comprises La or Ce.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the aluminum source comprises Al2O3The silicon source contains SiO2Sodium hydroxide and Al in the precursor mixed solution2O3、SiO2The mol ratio of the template agent, the rare earth metal M compound and the water is [ 50-100%]:[0.5-1.5]:800:[50-200]:[5-20]:[10000-20000]。
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ZSM-5 molecular sieve having the mesoporous structure and SiO in the precursor mixture2The mass ratio is [ 1-10%]:1。
8. A sound absorbing material comprising the core-shell molecular sieve of claim 1 and a binder.
9. The sound absorber of claim 8, wherein the binder comprises one or more of polyacrylate, polystyrene acrylate, polystyrene butadiene, polystyrene acetate; the sound absorbing material contains 2 to 10 wt% of the binder.
10. A loudspeaker, have shells and accept in the sound production monomer in the shell, the sound production monomer with the shell encloses and closes and form the back chamber, its characterized in that, the back intracavity is filled with the sound absorbent as claimed in claim 8.
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