CN114682623A - Application of sweet clover in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Application of sweet clover in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114682623A CN114682623A CN202210333293.XA CN202210333293A CN114682623A CN 114682623 A CN114682623 A CN 114682623A CN 202210333293 A CN202210333293 A CN 202210333293A CN 114682623 A CN114682623 A CN 114682623A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 241000213996 Melilotus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-Methylacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GNKZMNRKLCTJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 235000000839 Melilotus officinalis subsp suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000213997 Melilotus albus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017385 Melilotus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000000366 Melilotus officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation, and particularly relates to application of rhinoceros in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The application discloses an application of sweet clover in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in a first aspect. The application provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring seeds of the meliloti albiflora and sowing or transplanting meliloti albiflora seedlings into heavy metal contaminated soil; and (3) periodically carrying out stubble cutting on the planted sweet clover to reap the overground part of the plant, or recovering the whole plant of the sweet clover, and then sowing seeds of the sweet clover or transplanting seedlings of the sweet clover until the heavy metal content of the heavy metal polluted soil is reduced to the preset content. The method can reduce the content of several heavy metals with higher enrichment in the plant body in the soil by taking measures of repeatedly harvesting the overground part of the plant and the like so as to achieve the aim of restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation, and particularly relates to application of rhinoceros in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
The development and utilization of mineral resources bring huge economic benefits to society, and meanwhile, due to the limitation of historical development, a large amount of tailings are stored in an open and wide mode for a long time, under the effects of rain wash, leaching and the like, harmful heavy metals in the tailings can be gradually leached out and enter soil, so that serious heavy metal pollution to the soil is caused, further, the soil is degraded, the yield and the quality of crops are reduced, and a series of problems that plants are directly poisoned or the health of human bodies is harmed through a food chain are caused. Therefore, repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil and recovering the original functions of the soil are always the problems of international wide attention.
Heavy metals generally show compound pollution after entering soil, and can be adsorbed on soil colloid in the modes of ion exchange, complexation-chelation and the like, and the pollution action mechanism is complex. With the gradual increase of the heavy metal enrichment amount in the soil, some heavy metals are also converted into methyl compounds with stronger toxicity, and accumulation and irreversibility are shown. Particularly, when heavy metal elements with multiple valence states such As lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and the like are combined with other substances, more complex environmental behaviors and environmental effects can be shown, so that the remediation process of the heavy metal contaminated soil is harder.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides an application of meliloti albiflora in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, wherein the meliloti albiflora is used for absorbing, enriching and transporting heavy metals in the heavy metal contaminated soil to gradually move out of the soil.
The application discloses an application of sweet clover in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in a first aspect.
Melilotus albus Mex Desr is a herb of Melilotus of Leguminosae, and has the advantages of high height of 2m, multiple branches, short growth period, and cold resistance. White flower sweet clover is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and southwest of China, is an excellent forage plant and a green manure plant, and is widely cultivated in various places.
Specifically, the sweet clover is the sweet clover which has no toxic phenomenon and good growth vigor.
More specifically, the sweet clover is derived from the sweet clover with the geographical positions of 103.281178 degrees at east longitude, 23.396524 degrees at north latitude and 1296.58m in altitude.
Optionally, the heavy metal is one or more of lead, chromium and arsenic.
The application provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring seeds of the meliloti albiflora and sowing or transplanting meliloti albiflora seedlings into heavy metal contaminated soil; and (3) periodically carrying out stubble cutting on the planted sweet clover to reap the overground part of the plant, or recovering the whole sweet clover plant, and then sowing the seeds of the sweet clover or transplanting the sweet clover seedlings until the heavy metal content of the heavy metal polluted soil is reduced to the preset content.
Optionally, the stubble cutting and harvesting specifically comprises: the sweet clover is stubble-reserved before flowering and no later than the bud period to harvest the overground part of the plant, so that new branches of the sweet clover are easier to germinate after being mowed.
Optionally, 2-3 stem nodes of the meliloti are reserved during stubble cutting, and the cutting height of the meliloti is 10-15 cm.
Optionally, the heavy metal is one or more of lead, chromium and arsenic.
Optionally, the seeds of Melilotus albus are healthy seeds without lesions, rot and shriveling.
Optionally, the seedling of the rhinoceros is a healthy plant seedling without lesions, dry leaves and rotten leaves.
Optionally, the seeds of meliloti officinalis are from meliloti officinalis in the region of the composite polymetallic ore concentrate.
Optionally, the rhinoceros seedlings are rhinoceros seedlings in a region where the mineral separation of the composite polymetallic ores is concentrated.
The application adopts the rhinoceros to restore the heavy metal contaminated soil, is a phytoremediation technology, and compared with the traditional physical and chemical remediation technology, the phytoremediation technology has the characteristics of wide restoration area, low cost, small soil disturbance, convenient operation, simple management, no secondary pollution and the like, and has the advantages of controlling water and soil loss, restoring vegetation landscape, enriching biological diversity and the like, and has important practical significance on restoration and ecological restoration of the heavy metal contaminated soil. The white flower sweet clover is planted in the heavy metal contaminated soil, the white flower sweet clover is a plant (naturally growing or cultured in genetic engineering) with special enrichment and transport capacity for one or more heavy metals in the heavy metal contaminated soil, and the white flower sweet clover can have good transport capacity for heavy metals Pb, Cr and As and has certain accumulation characteristic and tolerance. The method for harvesting the overground part or the whole plant of the stubble-remaining harvested plant is used for absorbing and enriching the heavy metals and removing the heavy metals out of the soil so as to achieve the purposes of pollution treatment and ecological restoration.
Detailed Description
The application provides an application of sweet clover in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil, and the application adopts the sweet clover to absorb, enrich and transfer heavy metals in the heavy metal contaminated soil to remove the soil, so that the purpose of repairing the heavy metal soil is achieved.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available or self-made.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for restoring lead, chromium and arsenic compound contaminated soil by using rhinoceros officinalis, which comprises the following specific contents:
1) uniformly stirring the seeds of the rhinoceros or transplanting seedlings of the rhinoceros into heavy metal polluted soil; 2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out stubble cutting on planted rhinoceros before flowering (not later than the bud period) and harvesting the overground part of a plant (the cut new branches of the rhinoceros are germinated from axilla of stems and leaves, so the stubble cutting height is required to be kept 2-3 stem nodes generally, and the cutting height is 10-15 cm), or after planting for a certain year, recovering the whole plant, sowing or transplanting seedlings, and absorbing the heavy metal content in the polluted soil by using the rhinoceros until the heavy metal content in the polluted soil reaches the restoration target.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides an experiment for verifying the effect of rhinoceros on repairing heavy metal soil, which comprises the following steps:
the experiment analyzes the effect of wild melilota albiflora on repairing heavy metal soil, and the wild melilota albiflora (plant height is 30-40 cm) is collected on tailings containing heavy metals in town of old city of Yunnan province.
1) Collecting a sample of a sweet clover plant and a tailing sample (growth substrate): collecting 4 complete, well-growing and non-pathological change and dry-leaf rhinoceros plants on a tailing pile, completely removing residues at the roots, and sealing collected samples of the rhinoceros plants by using plastic sample bags for later use; collecting the rhinoceros plant sample, simultaneously collecting tailings at the plant growing part (5-30 cm away from the ground surface), uniformly mixing the tailings collected at multiple points, and sealing for later use.
2) Pretreatment of the rhinoceros plant sample: washing mud and other adherends on the surface of the Melilotus albus plant with tap water, washing with deionized water, separating underground part and aerial part, deactivating enzyme at 100 deg.C for 30min, drying at 50 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing the dried sample with mortar, and sealing.
3) Pretreatment of a tailing sample: the method comprises the steps of firstly removing large gravels and plant residues possibly existing in collected tailing samples, then drying in the shade at room temperature to constant weight, then crushing the dried samples through a ball mill, sieving through a 10-mesh sieve, and sealing for later use.
4) Digestion and determination of Melilotus officinalis plant samples: accurately weighing 0.5g of each of the aerial part and the underground part of the rhinoceros plant (accurate to 0.0001g, and setting 3 groups of parallel samples). Placing the sample in a special microwave digestion tank, adding 5mL of super-grade pure concentrated nitric acid, placing the sample on an intelligent temperature-controlled electric heater for pre-digestion, heating at 90 ℃ for about 1h until yellow smoke is exhausted, cooling for about 10min, placing the digestion tank in a microwave digestion instrument, and setting a program for digestion (constant temperature of 120 ℃ for 2min → constant temperature of 150 ℃ for 2min → constant temperature of 180 ℃ for 2min → constant temperature of 200 ℃ for 20 min). And after the reaction is finished, cooling for about 30min to room temperature, taking out the digestion tank, washing the inner cover with a small amount of water, and directly feeding the washing liquid into the digestion tank. And (3) placing the digestion tank on an intelligent temperature-controlled electric heater, setting the temperature at 90 ℃, heating for about 1h until yellow smoke is exhausted, cooling for 10min, transferring the solution into a clean and dry 50mL polypropylene plastic pipe by using water, diluting to 25mL scale by using ultrapure water, and shaking up. This solution was used directly for the assay. The contents of 7 heavy metals such As Pb, Cr, As, Cd, Sn, Ni, Hg and the like in the rhinoceros plants were determined by ICP-MS, atomic fluorescence photometer and ICP-OES method, and the data are shown in Table 1.
5) Digestion and determination of tailings samples (growth substrates): accurately weighing 1g of treated tailing sample (accurate to 0.0001g, 3 groups of parallel samples are set), placing the tailing sample in a polytetrafluoroethylene crucible (3 groups of parallel samples are set), adding 5mL of aqua regia, covering, placing the tailing sample on an intelligent temperature-control electric heater for digestion at constant temperature of 120 ℃, repeatedly adding the aqua regia according to digestion conditions until liquid properties are not changed any more, uncovering, appropriately cooling, repeatedly adding 1mL of superior pure hydrofluoric acid, repeatedly shaking a cup body in the process, achieving the purpose of silicon flying, finally adding 1mL of superior pure perchloric acid for further digestion, dissolving only to clarify and colorless, heating to 165 ℃ to remove acid until the temperature is nearly dry. The digested sample was completely transferred to a 50mL volumetric flask with ultra pure water to a constant volume. This solution was used directly for the assay. The contents of 7 heavy metals such As Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Sn, Ni, Hg and the like in the growth matrix of the rhinoceros by an ICP-MS method, an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer method and an AAS method are shown in Table 1.
The enrichment coefficient (BAF) of the plant body is the ratio of the content of a certain heavy metal in the overground part of the rhinoceros pellis plant to the content of the heavy metal in the growing matrix, the larger the numerical value of the enrichment coefficient (BAF) is, the stronger the enrichment capacity of the plant body on the heavy metal is, and the enrichment coefficient larger than 1 is the standard for defining super-enriched plants. The plant transport coefficient (TF) is the ratio of the overground part of the plant to certain heavy metal content of the root, the numerical value can reflect the distribution condition of heavy metals in the plant body, the higher the transport coefficient is, the more favorable the overground part is for enriching the heavy metals, and because the overground part is easier to obtain, the heavy metal contaminated soil can be better repaired through the harvest of the overground part, so the plant with the higher overground part enrichment coefficient is more suitable for being applied to the heavy metal contaminated soil repair. The concentration factor (BCF) is the ratio of the content of a certain heavy metal in the plant roots and the growth substrate, and when both BAF and TF are lower and BCF is higher, the plant bodies have better tolerance to the heavy metal.
TABLE 1 heavy metal content (mg. Kg) of different parts of Melilotus officinalis-1) And BAF, TF, BCF
| Pb | Cr | As | Cd | Sn | Ni | Hg | |
| Aerial parts | 1903.5±51.7 | 4.1±1.3 | 1142.0±22.2 | 1.8±1.2 | 15.3±2.9 | 1.4±1.1 | 0.1±0.1 |
| Underground part | 941.0±43.3 | 2.5±1.1 | 509.0±20.3 | 3.3±1.9 | 15.6±2.3 | 1.7±0.6 | 0.3±0.1 |
| Growth substrate | 5890.0±333.1 | 27.0±6.7 | 6440.0±298.9 | 50.0±24.6 | 306.0±41.1 | 24.0±11.3 | 4.5±0.7 |
| BAF | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| TF | 2.02 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 0.55 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 0.33 |
| BCF | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the effect of enriching and tolerating various heavy metals is different for Melilotus officinalis, and the effect of enriching different parts of the plant is also different. The Pb content of the aerial part of the sweet clover is 1903.5 +/-51.7 mg.Kg-1The Pb content of the underground part is 941.0 +/-43.3 mg.Kg-1The Pb content of the growth substrate is 5890.0 + -333.1 mg.Kg-1Correspondingly, the enrichment coefficient BAF is 0.48, the transport coefficient TF is 2.02, and the root concentration coefficient BCF is 0.16, which shows that the rhinoceros have certain enrichment effect on Pb; in addition, the content of Cr in the overground part of the rhinoceros is 4.1 +/-1.3 mg.Kg-1The Cr content of the underground part is 2.5 +/-1.1 mg.Kg-1The corresponding Cr content of the growth substrate is 27.0 +/-6.7 mg.Kg-1BAF, TF and BCF are respectively 0.24, 1.65 and 0.09, and the chromium-enriched chromium alloy has a certain enrichment effect on Cr; in addition, the content of As in the aerial parts of the sweet clover is 1142.0 + -22.2 mg.Kg-1The As content of the underground part is 509.0 +/-20.3 mg.Kg-1The content of As in the growth substrate is 6440.0 + -298.9 mg.Kg-1BAF, TF and BCF are respectively 0.26, 2.24 and 0.08, and the enrichment effect on As is also certain; and the rhinoceros has no obvious enrichment effect and tolerance on heavy metals Sn, Ni, Cd and Hg.
Obviously, the Oldenlandia officinalis has difference in the absorption and accumulation characteristics of 7 heavy metals such As Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Sn, Ni, Hg and the like, although the standard of super-enrichment plants is not met, the Oldenlandia officinalis still shows certain enrichment capacity and higher transport capacity for heavy metal elements Pb, Cr and As,
therefore, the method can obtain the overground part of the white flower sweet clover plant, and has a good repairing effect on Pb, Cr and As polluted soil. The rhinoceros plants can be used for phytoremediation technology, so that heavy metals in soil can be stabilized and passivated, and the content of several heavy metals with higher enrichment in the plant body in the soil can be reduced by measures such as repeatedly harvesting the overground parts of the plants, so that the purpose of remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil is achieved.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a test for planting by collecting heavy metal contaminated soil in a specific place, which comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) uniformly stirring the white flower sweet clover seeds, and sowing or transplanting the seedlings into the heavy metal contaminated soil. The soil of the present example was selected from the soil around the tailings dump of the town of old cities of Yunnan province (geographical coordinates: 23.396508 ° N, 103.281338 ° E), and the water content of the soil was maintained at 35 to 50% by irregular watering.
2) Harvesting and detecting after 10 months of growth, selecting 4 white flower sweet cloves which have no characters of being poisoned by heavy metal, no dead leaves and rotten leaves and good growth vigor, dividing the whole plant into an overground part and an underground part after harvesting, and detecting heavy metals Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Sn, wherein the detection results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 heavy metal content (mg. Kg) of different parts of Melilotus officinalis-1) And BAF, TF, BCF
As can be seen from Table 2, the absorption and accumulation characteristics of Melilotus officinalis to 5 heavy metals, such As Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Sn, are different. The method has certain enrichment capacity and higher transport capacity for heavy metal elements Pb, Cr and As, wherein the enrichment coefficients are 0.93, 0.33 and 0.34 respectively, and the transport coefficients TF are 2.21, 1.86 and 2.09 respectively, which shows that the method has better repairing effect on Pb, Cr and As polluted soil by harvesting aerial parts of melilota albiflora. The sweet clover has no obvious enrichment effect and tolerance on heavy metal elements Sn and Cd.
The method for harvesting the overground part of the rhinoceros by using the stubble or recovering the whole plant after planting for a certain period reduces the content of heavy metals in the polluted soil, and achieves the aim of restoring the heavy metal polluted soil by repeatedly planting and harvesting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. Application of Melilotus albus in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil is provided.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal is one or more of lead, chromium and arsenic.
3. The method for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly stirring seeds of the meliloti albiflora and sowing or transplanting meliloti albiflora seedlings into heavy metal contaminated soil; and (3) periodically carrying out stubble cutting on the planted sweet clover to reap the overground part of the plant, or recovering the whole plant of the sweet clover, and then sowing seeds of the sweet clover or transplanting seedlings of the sweet clover until the heavy metal content of the heavy metal polluted soil is reduced to the preset content.
4. The rehabilitation method according to claim 3, wherein the stubble-leaving harvesting specifically comprises: the aerial parts of the plants are harvested by leaving stubbles before the flowering of the sweet clover and no later than the bud stage, so that new branches of the cut sweet clover germinate from the axilla of the stem and leaf.
5. The restoration method according to claim 4, wherein 2-3 nodes of the meliloti are reserved in the stubble cutting, and the cutting height of the meliloti is 10-15 cm.
6. The repair method according to claim 3, wherein the heavy metal is one or more of lead, chromium and arsenic.
7. The method for restoration according to claim 3, wherein the seeds of Melilotus albus are healthy seeds without lesions, desiccation and decay.
8. The method of repairing according to claim 3, wherein the white flower sweet clover seedling is a healthy plant seedling without lesions, dry leaves and rotten leaves.
9. The method of repairing according to claim 3, wherein said seeds of Melilotus officinalis are derived from Melilotus officinalis in a concentrated region of polymetallic mineral resources.
10. The repair method according to claim 3, wherein the seedlings of Melilotus albus are seedlings of Melilotus albus in an area where the mineral concentration of the composite polymetallic ore is concentrated.
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| CN202210333293.XA CN114682623B (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | Application of luteolin in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN202210333293.XA CN114682623B (en) | 2022-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | Application of luteolin in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil |
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