CN114682058A - White smoke eliminating equipment and white smoke eliminating method - Google Patents
White smoke eliminating equipment and white smoke eliminating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114682058A CN114682058A CN202011603467.7A CN202011603467A CN114682058A CN 114682058 A CN114682058 A CN 114682058A CN 202011603467 A CN202011603467 A CN 202011603467A CN 114682058 A CN114682058 A CN 114682058A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- MXWHMTNPTTVWDM-NXOFHUPFSA-N mitoguazone Chemical compound NC(N)=N\N=C(/C)\C=N\N=C(N)N MXWHMTNPTTVWDM-NXOFHUPFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000227425 Pieris rapae crucivora Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/02—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media both being gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a white smoke eliminating device, which comprises: the bottom of the distribution section is communicated with the top of the chimney; the branch pipes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the distribution section and are of a tubular structure with a thin middle part and thick two ends; and the first hot gas nozzles are arranged on the inlet sides of the branch pipes along the axial direction, wherein the flue gas entering the distribution section from the chimney is dispersed to the plurality of branch pipes, and the flue gas is mixed with the hot gas sprayed by the first hot gas nozzles in the branch pipes and then is discharged into the atmosphere. The invention also provides a white smoke eliminating method, which at least comprises the following steps: dividing the wet desulphurization flue gas into a plurality of strands of flue gas; and introducing hot gas into each flue gas to change the flue gas into unsaturated flue gas. According to the invention, the wet desulphurization flue gas is divided into a plurality of strands of flue gas through the distribution section and the plurality of branch pipes, then the hot gas is sprayed into each strand of flue gas through the first hot gas nozzle, and the flue gas is mixed with the hot gas to change the saturated wet flue gas into unsaturated flue gas, and then the unsaturated flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere, so that white smoke is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric pollutant treatment, in particular to white smoke eliminating equipment and a white smoke eliminating method used after wet desulphurization.
Background
The flue gas after wet desulphurization is saturated wet flue gas, the exhaust temperature of the flue gas from a chimney is about 45-65 ℃, and the water vapor content is about 10-25%. The desulfurized flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere, water vapor in the flue gas is rapidly condensed into tiny water drops under the action of cold air, and the water drops are not diffused in time after being condensed to form visible white smoke, so that the environment and the life of residents are influenced.
The existing common method for eliminating the white smoke is essentially that the smoke discharged from a chimney is always in an unsaturated state in the mixing, cooling and diffusing processes of the smoke and the ambient air, and water vapor in the smoke cannot be condensed and separated out, so that the effect of eliminating the white smoke is achieved. Therefore, the cooling of the smoke to reduce the water vapor content in the smoke and the heating of the smoke to improve the unsaturation degree of the smoke are the basis for eliminating the white smoke of the smoke.
The common white smoke eliminating method comprises the following steps: (1) the flue gas condensation method is to reduce the temperature of wet flue gas to be close to the ambient temperature, so that water vapor in the flue gas is condensed into liquid water to be separated out of a flue gas system. (2) The fume heating method is to heat wet fume to raise its temperature and raise the unsaturation degree of fume before exhausting to eliminate white fume. (3) The flue gas is cooled by a method of firstly condensing and then heating the flue gas, so that water vapor in the flue gas is condensed to separate out condensed water, the absolute humidity in the flue gas is reduced, and the water vapor content in the flue gas is reduced. The condensed smoke is heated, the relative humidity in the smoke is reduced, the unsaturation degree of the smoke is improved, and white smoke plume is eliminated.
The flue gas heating mainly adopts two modes: the first is dividing wall type heating, two fluids of flue gas and heating medium are separated by a solid wall surface and are not mixed, and heat exchange is carried out through the dividing wall, such as GGH (flue gas-flue gas reheater), MGGH (heating medium flue gas-flue gas reheater) and the like; and secondly, mixed heating, namely mixing hot clean gas and the desulfurized purified flue gas, discharging the mixture to the atmosphere, and heating the temperature of the flue gas to a required temperature, wherein the hot clean gas comprises hot air, hot secondary air, hot flue gas and the like.
GGHs are arranged in the early stage of the wet desulphurization of domestic power plants, the clean flue gas after the desulphurization tower is heated by using the high-temperature flue gas before entering the desulphurization tower, so that the flue gas temperature and the flue gas lifting height are improved, but the GGHs have the problems of shutdown of the desulphurization device due to corrosion blockage, substandard desulphurization flue gas due to flue gas leakage and the like, the GGH pressure drop is about 1kPa, the energy consumption of the device is greatly increased, so that the GGHs are cancelled in the later stage of the wet desulphurization device, MGGH is widely applied at present, a cooling section is arranged at the inlet of the desulphurization tower, a heating section is arranged at the outlet of the desulphurization tower, water is used as a heating medium, the hot flue gas heats the hot medium water in the cooling section, the heated hot medium water heats the clean flue gas after the desulphurization tower in the heating section, the temperature rise of the clean flue gas after the desulphurization is realized, the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchanger at the initial stage of delivery is high, and after the operation time is increased, colloids and solid particles in the flue gas are attached to the surface of the heat exchanger, finally, the heat exchange coefficient is greatly reduced, the temperature of the flue gas is not increased, the chimney emits white smoke as usual, and meanwhile, the heat exchanger is easy to block and damage and has the defects of large flue gas resistance.
In the mixed heating, the mixing position of the hot clean gas and the flue gas is between the flue gas desulfurization device and the chimney, so that the problem of dividing wall type heating is avoided, and the mixed heating device is popularized and applied. However, there is no hybrid heating method for eliminating white smoke in a flue gas desulfurization device in which a desulfurization tower and a chimney are integrated.
Patent document CN106871146A discloses a chimney for eliminating wet desulphurization white smoke, wherein a hot air outlet channel surrounding a wet smoke discharge port is arranged at the top of the chimney body, so that the hot air discharged from the hot air outlet channel is wrapped on the outer layer of the wet smoke gas flow discharged from the wet smoke discharge port, thereby eliminating the white smoke. According to the technical scheme, only the diffusion of wet flue gas in the horizontal direction after the wet flue gas is discharged out of the chimney is considered, the white smoke can be eliminated when the wet flue gas is diffused in the horizontal direction due to the fact that hot air surrounds the wet flue gas, the air above the wet flue gas after the wet flue gas is discharged out of the chimney is still cold air, and the wet flue gas still generates the white smoke when meeting the cold air in the vertical direction, so that the white smoke cannot be completely eliminated, and particularly, the white smoke cannot be completely eliminated when the high-altitude wind power is large and the flow direction of the externally-discharged wet flue gas is almost perpendicular to the chimney.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a white smoke abatement apparatus and a white smoke abatement method, so as to overcome the problem that the conventional hybrid heating technology cannot completely abate white smoke.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a white smoke abatement apparatus and a white smoke abatement method, which can be applied to a flue gas desulfurization device in which a desulfurization tower and a chimney are integrated.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a white smoke abatement apparatus comprising: the bottom of the distribution section is communicated with the top of the chimney; the branch pipes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the distribution section and are of a tubular structure with a thin middle part and thick two ends; and the first hot gas nozzles are arranged on the inlet sides of the branch pipes along the axial direction, wherein the flue gas entering the distribution section from the chimney is dispersed to the plurality of branch pipes, and the flue gas is mixed with the hot gas sprayed by the first hot gas nozzles in the branch pipes and then is discharged into the atmosphere.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the distribution section is one or a combination of several of a cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a regular polygonal prism, a segment and an ellipsoid.
Further, among the above-mentioned technical scheme, the branch pipe is venturi, and venturi includes contraction section, choke and expansion segment along the air current direction in proper order, and first hot gas nozzle sets up in the contraction section.
Further, in the technical scheme, the length ratio of the contraction section to the throat pipe to the expansion section along the axial direction is 1-6: 1: 1-6; the cone angle of the contraction section is 5-85 degrees; the cone angle of the expansion section is 5-85 degrees; the cone angle of the contraction section is 0-10 degrees larger than that of the expansion section.
Further, in the above technical scheme, an inlet straight pipe section and an outlet straight pipe section are arranged at two ends of the venturi tube.
Further, among the above-mentioned technical scheme, be equipped with in venturi's the export straight tube section: the at least two second hot gas nozzles are symmetrically distributed by taking the axis of the outlet straight pipe section as a center, and the included angle between each second hot gas nozzle and the outlet straight pipe section is 5-75 degrees and faces the outlet direction; and/or an annular distribution assembly which is arranged along the inner wall of the outlet straight pipe section in a surrounding way, the annular distribution assembly is provided with a plurality of hot gas outlets, and hot gas forms a hot gas protective layer surrounding smoke through the annular distribution assembly.
Further, in the above technical solution, the white smoke abatement device further includes: and the connecting section is used for hermetically connecting the chimney with the distribution section, the lower end of the connecting section is matched with the diameter of the chimney, and the upper end of the connecting section is matched with the bottom of the distribution section.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the branch pipe is a Laval pipe.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of eliminating white smoke, comprising at least the steps of: dividing the wet desulphurization flue gas into a plurality of strands of flue gas; and introducing hot gas into each flue gas to change the flue gas into unsaturated flue gas.
Further, in the above technical solution, the white smoke abatement method further comprises the steps of: hot gas is adopted to form a hot gas protective layer around the unsaturated flue gas and then the hot gas protective layer is discharged into the atmosphere.
Further, in the above technical solution, the white smoke abatement method further comprises the steps of: cutting each strand of unsaturated flue gas into a plurality of sections of flue gas by adopting hot gas; hot gas is adopted to form a hot gas protective layer around each section of flue gas and then the hot gas protective layer is discharged into the atmosphere.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the hot gas is hot air or hot flue gas.
Further, in the technical scheme, the temperature of the hot gas is higher than that of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the difference between the temperatures of the hot gas and the wet desulphurization flue gas is 10-150 ℃.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the ratio of the standard condition total flow of the hot gas to the standard condition flow of the wet desulphurization flue gas is 0.1-0.8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has one or more of the following advantages:
1. the wet desulphurization flue gas is divided into a plurality of strands of flue gas through the distribution section and the branch pipes, then hot gas is sprayed into each strand of flue gas through the first hot gas nozzle, and the flue gas is mixed with the hot gas to change the saturated wet flue gas into unsaturated flue gas, and then the unsaturated flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere, so that white smoke is eliminated.
2. The hot gas is sprayed into the white smoke eliminating equipment in three ways, and one way of the hot gas enters the inlet side of the branch pipe and is uniformly mixed with the smoke gas, so that the saturated wet smoke gas is changed into unsaturated smoke gas; one path enters the outlet straight pipe section of the branch pipe through the annular distribution assembly to form an annular hot gas protective layer surrounding the flue gas by one circle; and the other path is sprayed out by a second hot gas nozzle which is symmetrically arranged to form an impact surface, the impact surface cuts the unsaturated flue gas into a plurality of sections, and the top and the bottom of each section of flue gas in the flowing direction are covered with hot gas protective layers. Thus, the unsaturated flue gas leaving the branch is wrapped with a blanket of hot gas at the bottom, top and around. The unsaturated flue gas leaving the branch pipe is firstly diffused into the hot gas protective layer and mixed with the hot gas, and because the flue gas is unsaturated and the temperature of the hot gas is higher than that of the flue gas, water vapor cannot be condensed and separated out when the flue gas is diffused in the hot gas protective layer; the temperature of the smoke rises after passing through the hot gas protective layer, the smoke is continuously diffused into the surrounding air, the smoke is always in an unsaturated state in the process of gradual diffusion and air mixing, and the condensation and the separation of water vapor in the smoke are avoided, so that the white smoke elimination of the smoke is realized.
3. The white smoke eliminating equipment of the invention belongs to mixed heating equipment, adopts hot clean gas to heat and mix wet desulphurization flue gas and wraps a hot gas protective layer to realize white smoke elimination, thereby avoiding the situations of corrosion and scaling and the like. The equipment has long service life and is easy to maintain.
4. The invention is used for carrying out white smoke elimination reconstruction on the existing wet desulphurization device, only the white smoke elimination equipment of the invention is needed to be added at the top of the discharge port of the chimney, the reconstruction of a desulphurization tower body, a flue or other equipment is not needed, the modification workload is small, the extra floor area is not needed, and the investment cost is low.
5. The straight pipe sections are arranged at the two ends of the Venturi tube, so that the gas is concentrated in direction and distributed uniformly.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the technical means implementable in accordance with the contents of the description, and to make the above and other objects, technical features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, one or more preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a white smoke abatement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the distribution section is a cylinder.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the white smoke elimination device shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a white smoke eliminating device according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the distribution section is a segment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional structural schematic of a branch pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the branch pipe is a Laval pipe.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the manifold shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a sectional structure view of a branch pipe according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the branch pipe is a venturi pipe.
Fig. 7 is a sectional structural view of a branch pipe according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the branch pipe is a venturi pipe.
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the outlet straight tube section of the branch tube shown in FIG. 7.
Fig. 9 is a sectional structure view of a branch pipe according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the branch pipe is a venturi pipe.
Figure 10 is a schematic top view of the outlet straight tube section of the branch tube shown in figure 9.
Fig. 11 is a sectional structure view of a branch pipe according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the branch pipe is a venturi pipe.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a second hot gas nozzle distribution for the outlet straight section of the branch pipe shown in FIG. 11.
Description of the main reference numerals:
10-chimney, 20-connecting section, 31-cylindrical distribution section, 32-segment distribution section, 40-branch pipe, 41-Laval pipe, 42-Venturi pipe, 421-contraction section, 422-throat pipe, 423-expansion section, 424-inlet straight pipe section, 425-outlet straight pipe section, 50-first hot gas nozzle, 51-first hot gas inlet, 60-second hot gas nozzle, 70-annular distribution assembly, 71-second hot gas inlet and 72-hot gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "lower," "upper," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the items in the figures are turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of below and above. The article may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.
In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or portions, and are not used to define a particular position or relative relationship. In other words, the terms "first," "second," and the like may also be interchanged with one another in some embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the white smoke elimination apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a distribution section and a plurality of branch pipes 40. The distribution section may be a cylindrical distribution section 31, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, or a segment distribution section, as shown in fig. 3. It should be understood that the shape of the distribution segment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the distribution segment may be one or a combination of several of a cylinder, a circular truncated cone, a regular polygonal prism, a segment of a sphere and an segment of an ellipsoid, for example. The bottom of the distribution section is communicated with the top of the chimney 10, the distribution section is uniformly communicated with a plurality of branch pipes 40, and the flue gas is dispersed into each branch pipe 40 through the distribution section. The branch pipe 40 is a tubular structure with a thin middle part and thick two ends, and the branch pipe 40 may be a laval pipe 41 (as shown in fig. 4) or a venturi pipe 42 (as shown in fig. 6), for example, but the invention is not limited thereto. The inlet side of the branch pipe is provided with a first hot gas nozzle 50 (see fig. 4 to 7) in the axial direction. The flue gas entering the branch pipe 40 is mixed with the hot gas sprayed from the first hot gas nozzle 50 and then discharged into the atmosphere.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the venturi tube 42 includes a convergent section 421, a throat 422, and a divergent section 423 in order in the gas flow direction, and the first hot gas nozzle 50 is disposed within the convergent section 421. Illustratively, the length ratio of the contraction section 421, the throat pipe 422 and the expansion section 423 in the axial direction is 1-6: 1: 1-6; the cone angle alpha of the contraction section 421 is 5-85 degrees, preferably 15-60 degrees; the taper angle beta of the expanding section 423 is 5-85 degrees, preferably 15-60 degrees; the taper angle α of the convergent section 421 is 0 to 10 ° greater than the taper angle β of the divergent section 423. It should be understood that the specific size and proportional relationship of the various parts of the venturi tube are not limited thereto, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
Preferably, but not by way of limitation, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, both ends of the venturi tube 42 are provided with an inlet straight tube section 424 and an outlet straight tube section 425. The straight pipe section plays a role in rectification, so that the gas entering and exiting the Venturi tube is more concentrated in direction and more uniform in distribution.
In one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 7-12, the outlet straight section 425 of the venturi tube 42 has disposed therein: at least two second hot gas nozzles 60 and/or an annular distribution assembly 70. Referring to figure 8, the annular gas distribution assembly 70 is circumferentially disposed along the inner wall of the outlet straight tube section 425, and hot gas enters the annular gas distribution assembly 70 through a hot gas inlet 71 in the wall of the outlet straight tube section 425 and is ejected through a plurality of hot gas outlets 72 to form a hot gas blanket around the flue gas. The second hot gas nozzles 60 are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the outlet straight tube section 425, and the number of the second hot gas nozzles 60 may be two (as shown in fig. 10) or four (as shown in fig. 12). It should be understood that the number of second hot gas nozzles is not limited thereto. The second hot gas nozzle 60 is angled from 5 to 75 degrees from the straight outlet tube section 425 and towards the outlet, preferably 15 to 60 degrees.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the hot gas is divided into three paths, one path of the hot gas enters the contraction section 421 of the venturi tube 42, passes through the throat 422 and the expansion section 423 together with the flue gas, and then is uniformly mixed with the flue gas, so as to change the saturated wet flue gas into unsaturated flue gas; one path enters the second straight pipe section 425 and passes through the annular distribution assembly 70 to form an annular hot gas protective layer surrounding the flue gas for one circle; the other path enters a second hot gas nozzle 60 which is symmetrically arranged, and is sprayed out from the second hot gas nozzle 60 to form an impact surface which is vertical to the axial direction of the second straight pipe section 425, the impact surface cuts one smoke into a plurality of small sections of smoke, and the top and the bottom of each small section of smoke in the flowing direction are covered with hot gas protective layers. Therefore, when the flue gas leaves the venturi tube 42, the top, the bottom and the periphery of each small section of flue gas are all surrounded by the hot gas protective layer, the flue gas firstly diffuses into the hot gas protective layer and is mixed with the hot gas, and because the flue gas is unsaturated and the temperature of the hot gas is higher than that of the flue gas, water vapor cannot be condensed out when the flue gas diffuses in the hot gas protective layer; the temperature of the smoke rises after passing through the hot gas protective layer, the smoke is continuously diffused into the surrounding air, the smoke is always in an unsaturated state in the process of gradual diffusion and air mixing, and the condensation and the separation of water vapor in the smoke are avoided, so that the white smoke elimination of the smoke is realized.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the white smoke elimination apparatus further includes: and a connecting section 20 (shown in reference to fig. 1 and 3), wherein the connecting section 20 is used for hermetically connecting the chimney 10 with the distribution section, the lower end of the connecting section 20 is matched with the diameter of the chimney 10, and the upper end of the connecting section is matched with the bottom of the distribution section, so that the white smoke elimination device of the invention is conveniently fixed on the top of the chimney 10.
The white smoke eliminating method at least comprises the following steps: dividing the wet desulphurization flue gas into a plurality of strands of flue gas; and introducing hot gas into each flue gas to change the flue gas into unsaturated flue gas.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the white smoke eliminating method further includes the steps of: hot gas is adopted to form a hot gas protective layer around the unsaturated flue gas and then the hot gas protective layer is discharged into the atmosphere.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the white smoke eliminating method further includes the steps of: cutting each strand of unsaturated flue gas into a plurality of sections of flue gas by adopting hot gas; hot gas is adopted to form a hot gas protective layer around each section of flue gas and then the hot gas protective layer is discharged into the atmosphere.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the hot gas is hot air or hot flue gas. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the hot gas is higher than that of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the difference between the temperatures of the hot gas and the wet desulphurization flue gas is 10-150 ℃, preferably 20-120 ℃, and more preferably 15-70 ℃. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the standard total flow rate of the hot gas to the standard flow rate of the wet desulfurization flue gas is 0.1 to 0.8, preferably 0.2 to 0.6. The standard flow rate is the flow rate under the standard working condition (0 ℃, 101.325 kPa), and the unit isNm3/h。
The white smoke abatement apparatus and method of the present invention are described in greater detail below by way of specific embodiments, it being understood that the embodiments are exemplary only and that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the present embodiment employs a cylindrical distribution section 31 and a laval tube 41. The inlet side of the laval pipe 41 is provided with a first hot gas nozzle 50. The hot gas is ejected through a hot gas inlet 51 on the manifold wall via a line from a first hot gas nozzle 50 in a direction parallel to the axis of the Laval tube 41. In the embodiment, the hot gas is heating furnace hot flue gas, the temperature of the heating furnace hot flue gas is 150 ℃ higher than that of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the ratio of the heating furnace hot flue gas usage to the wet desulphurization flue gas usage is 0.1. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, the length of white smoke is reduced from 100m to 50m under the same weather condition and wind speed condition.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 6, the present embodiment employs a cylindrical distribution section 31 and a venturi tube 42. The venturi tube 42 sequentially comprises a contraction section 421, a throat 422 and an expansion section 423 along the airflow direction, the length ratio of the contraction section to the throat to the expansion section along the axial direction is 1:1:1, and the taper angles of the contraction section and the expansion section are both 5 degrees. The convergent section 421 is provided with a first hot gas nozzle 50. The hot gas is ejected through a hot gas inlet 51 on the manifold wall via a line from a first hot gas nozzle 50 in a direction parallel to the axis of the venturi tube 42. In the embodiment, the hot gas is heating furnace hot flue gas, the temperature of the heating furnace hot flue gas is 140 ℃ higher than that of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the ratio of the heating furnace hot flue gas usage to the wet desulphurization flue gas usage is 0.2. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, the length of the white smoke at the mouth of the chimney is reduced from 100m to 30m under the same weather condition and wind speed condition.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, 7 and 8, the present embodiment employs a segment distribution section 32 and a venturi tube 42. The venturi tube 42 includes, in order in the direction of the gas flow, a first straight tube section 424, a converging section 421, a throat 422, an expanding section 423, and a second straight tube section 425, and the first hot gas nozzle 50 is disposed in the converging section 421. The length ratio of the contraction section to the throat pipe to the expansion section along the axial direction is 4:1:4, and the taper angles of the contraction section and the expansion section are both 20 degrees. The hot gas is ejected through a hot gas inlet 51 on the manifold wall via a line from a first hot gas nozzle 50 in a direction parallel to the axis of the venturi tube 42. An annular distribution assembly 70 is arranged in the second straight pipe section 425, and hot gas enters the annular distribution assembly 70 through a second hot gas inlet 71 on the pipe wall of the second straight pipe section 425 and is sprayed out from a hot gas outlet 72 to form an annular hot gas protection layer which surrounds the flue gas for one circle. In this embodiment, the hot gas is hot air, the temperature of the hot air is 130 ℃ higher than the temperature of the wet flue gas desulfurization, and the ratio of the hot air usage to the wet flue gas desulfurization usage is 0.4. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, white smoke is completely eliminated.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the ring distribution member 70 is not provided, and the rest is the same as embodiment 3. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, the length of the white smoke at the mouth of the chimney is reduced from 100m to 10m under the same weather condition and wind speed condition.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 3 and 11, the present embodiment employs a segment distribution section 32 and a venturi tube 42. The venturi tube 42 includes, in order in the direction of the gas flow, a first straight tube section 424, a converging section 421, a throat 422, an expanding section 423, and a second straight tube section 425, and the first hot gas nozzle 50 is disposed in the converging section 421. The length ratio of the contraction section to the throat pipe to the expansion section along the axial direction is 5:1:5, and the taper angles of the contraction section and the expansion section are 25 degrees. The hot gas is ejected through a hot gas inlet 51 on the manifold wall via a line from a first hot gas nozzle 50 in a direction parallel to the axis of the venturi tube 42. An annular distribution assembly 70 and two second hot gas nozzles 60 are arranged in the second straight pipe section 425, hot gas enters the annular distribution assembly 70 through a second hot gas inlet 71 on the pipe wall of the second straight pipe section 425 and is sprayed out from a hot gas outlet 72 to form an annular hot gas protective layer surrounding the smoke gas by one circle; another path of hot gas is ejected by the second hot gas nozzle 60 to impinge within the second straight tube section 425. In the embodiment, the hot gas is hot air, the temperature of the hot air is 120 ℃ higher than the temperature of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the ratio of the hot air consumption to the wet desulphurization flue gas consumption is 0.5. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, white smoke is completely eliminated.
Example 6
In this embodiment, the second hot gas nozzle 60 is not provided, and the rest is the same as in embodiment 5. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, a small amount of white smoke still remains at the mouth of the chimney.
Example 7
In this embodiment, the number of the second hot gas nozzles 60 is four, the temperature of the hot air is 110 ℃ higher than that of the wet flue gas desulfurization, the ratio of the usage amount of the hot air to that of the wet flue gas desulfurization is 0.6, and the rest is the same as that in embodiment 5. After the white smoke eliminating equipment is put into use, white smoke is completely eliminated.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A white smoke abatement apparatus, comprising:
the bottom of the distribution section is communicated with the top of the chimney;
the branch pipes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the distribution section and are of a tubular structure with a thin middle part and thick two ends; and
a first hot gas nozzle disposed axially on an inlet side of the branch pipe,
the flue gas entering the distribution section from the chimney is dispersed to the branch pipes, and the flue gas is mixed with the hot gas sprayed by the first hot gas nozzles in the branch pipes and then discharged into the atmosphere.
2. The white smoke abatement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distribution section is one or a combination of cylinders, truncated cones, regular polygonal prisms, segments of spheres, and segments of ellipsoids.
3. The white smoke abatement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the branch tube is a venturi tube comprising, in order along the direction of airflow, a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section, the first hot gas nozzle being disposed within the converging section.
4. The white smoke abatement apparatus of claim 3, wherein the axial length ratio of the convergent section, the throat and the divergent section is 1-6: 1: 1-6; the cone angle of the contraction section is 5-85 degrees; the cone angle of the expansion section is 5-85 degrees; the taper angle of the contraction section is 0-10 degrees larger than that of the expansion section.
5. A white smoke abatement apparatus according to claim 3, wherein both ends of the venturi tube are provided with an inlet straight tube section and an outlet straight tube section.
6. A white smoke abatement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein within said outlet straight tube section of said venturi tube is provided:
at least two second hot gas nozzles which are symmetrically distributed by taking the axis of the outlet straight pipe section as a center, wherein the included angle between each second hot gas nozzle and the outlet straight pipe section is 5-75 degrees and faces to the outlet direction; and/or
And the annular distribution assembly is arranged along the inner wall of the outlet straight pipe section in a surrounding manner, the annular distribution assembly is provided with a plurality of hot gas outlets, and hot gas forms a hot gas protection layer surrounding the smoke gas through the annular distribution assembly.
7. The white smoke abatement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the connecting section is used for hermetically connecting the chimney with the distribution section, the lower end of the connecting section is matched with the diameter of the chimney, and the upper end of the connecting section is matched with the bottom of the distribution section.
8. A white smoke abatement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said branch pipe is a laval pipe.
9. A white smoke eliminating method is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
dividing the wet desulphurization flue gas into a plurality of strands of flue gas;
and introducing hot gas into each strand of the flue gas to change the flue gas into unsaturated flue gas.
10. The method of eliminating white smoke according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
and adopting hot gas to form a hot gas protective layer around the unsaturated flue gas and then discharging the hot gas protective layer into the atmosphere.
11. The method of eliminating white smoke according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
cutting each strand of the unsaturated flue gas into a plurality of sections of flue gas by using hot gas;
hot gas is adopted to form a hot gas protective layer around each section of flue gas and then the hot gas protective layer is discharged into the atmosphere.
12. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the hot gas is hot air or hot flue gas.
13. The method for eliminating white smoke according to claims 9 to 11, wherein the temperature of the hot gas is higher than that of the wet desulphurization flue gas, and the difference between the temperatures of the hot gas and the wet desulphurization flue gas is 10-150 ℃.
14. The method for eliminating white smoke according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of the standard condition total flow rate of the hot gas to the standard condition flow rate of the wet desulphurization flue gas is 0.1-0.8.
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| CN114682058B (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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