CN114678458A - Semiconductor light-emitting element - Google Patents
Semiconductor light-emitting element Download PDFInfo
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- CN114678458A CN114678458A CN202210249609.7A CN202210249609A CN114678458A CN 114678458 A CN114678458 A CN 114678458A CN 202210249609 A CN202210249609 A CN 202210249609A CN 114678458 A CN114678458 A CN 114678458A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/62—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. lead-frames, wire-bonds or solder balls
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/64—Heat extraction or cooling elements
- H01L33/647—Heat extraction or cooling elements the elements conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body
Abstract
The present invention provides a semiconductor light emitting element including: a first conductive type semiconductor layer and a second conductive type semiconductor layer; a first electrode and a second electrode which are respectively arranged on the first conductive type semiconductor layer and the second conductive type semiconductor layer and are positioned on the same surface side of the semiconductor light emitting element; at least one second electrode lead including a connection section connected to the second electrode and an extension section extending from the connection section toward the first electrode; the method is characterized in that: the second electrode lead extension section has a first portion extending from the second electrode lead connection section to be gradually close to the first electrode and a second portion extending from the first portion to be gradually close to the first electrode, the width of the first portion is gradually changed from the extending direction, and the width of the second portion is constant. The width of the first part of the extension section of the second electrode lead is gradually reduced from the extension direction, so that the overvoltage impact performance (EOS performance) of the semiconductor light-emitting element can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a semiconductor light-emitting element, belonging to the technical field of semiconductor photoelectricity.
Background
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) has the advantages of high light emitting intensity, high efficiency, small volume, and long service life, and is considered as one of the most potential light sources. In recent years, LEDs have been widely used in daily life, for example, in the fields of illumination, signal display, backlight, vehicle lights, and large screen display, and these applications also make higher demands on the brightness and light emitting efficiency of LEDs.
In order to improve the luminous efficiency of the LED, the design of the LED chip is gradually optimized to the aspect of a small electrode, and is also optimized to the aspect of a thin electrode lead so as to reduce the light blocking area and improve the luminous brightness. However, under a higher current density, the thin electrode lead easily causes that the current cannot be effectively expanded, the current is concentrated at one end of the electrode lead connected with the electrode, the current expansion is uneven, the heat is locally concentrated, the connection part of the electrode and the electrode lead is broken, and the reliability and the antistatic capability of the LED chip are affected.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrode structure of a conventional front-mounted light emitting diode, in which a first electrode and a second electrode of the front-mounted light emitting diode are located on the same side of a chip, a width of a connection section of a second electrode lead is gradually narrowed from an extending direction, a width of an end of the connection section is about 40% to 50% of an initial width, and a width of an extension section is constant. Because the heat dissipation of the front-mounted light emitting diode is poor, and the first electrode and the second electrode are both arranged on the front surface of the light emitting diode, current can only be diffused through the electrode and the electrode lead on the front surface and the transparent conductive layer, and current crowding is easy to occur. The current is conducted through the electrodes and electrode leads and is diffused horizontally through the surrounding transparent conductive layer, and the areas through which the current flows generate heat. The front end of the electrode lead is in a state that the load is not completely diffused, the electrode lead is easily influenced by concentrated load, surface thermal deposition is carried out, electrode bubbling burn is easily caused at the connecting position of the electrode connecting section and the extending section, and the current conduction diffusion capability is lost. The tail end of the electrode lead is positioned in an area where current flows to complete the electrode lead and the transparent conducting layer, and the area further disperses load and is not easy to burn. When the light emitting diode is just powered on, a transient high load current is generated, which is easier to aggravate current crowding, and chip burning is easier to occur at the joint of the electrode lead connecting section and the extending section.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a semiconductor light emitting device, wherein the width of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is gradually decreased or gradually decreased from the extending direction, and the width of the second portion is constant. The width of the extension section of the second electrode lead is narrowed in a sectional mode or linearly narrowed from the extension direction, the width of the front end of the electrode lead is wide, the weak part of front-end current diffusion is compensated, the current flux of the front end is enlarged, the load can pass quickly, heat is effectively dispersed, the occurrence of electrode bubbling burn caused by heat accumulation is delayed, and the semiconductor light-emitting element can bear larger load, namely the overvoltage impact performance (EOS performance) is improved; meanwhile, the whole widening design of the electrode lead can be avoided, the light blocking area is reduced, and the light absorption of the electrode lead or the influence of light blocking on brightness is reduced.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a semiconductor light emitting element comprising: a first conductive type semiconductor layer and a second conductive type semiconductor layer; a first electrode and a second electrode which are respectively arranged on the first conductive type semiconductor layer and the second conductive type semiconductor layer and are positioned on the same surface side of the semiconductor light emitting element; at least one second electrode lead including a connection section connected to the second electrode, an extension section extending from the connection section toward the first electrode; the method is characterized in that: the second electrode lead extension section has a first portion extending from the second electrode lead connection section to be gradually close to the first electrode and a second portion extending from the first portion to be gradually close to the first electrode, the width of the first portion is gradually changed in the extending direction, and the width of the second portion is constant.
Preferably, the width of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is linearly narrowed at a constant rate of change from the extending direction.
As another embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the width of the first portion of the extension of the second electrode lead is narrowed stepwise from the extending direction, the width of each of the steps is constant or the width of each of the steps has a different rate of change.
Preferably, the width of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is gradually decreased from a horizontal extension direction.
Preferably, the second electrode lead connection segment is bent in a direction approaching the first electrode or linearly extends in a direction approaching the first electrode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode lead has a plurality of second electrode leads, at least one second electrode lead connecting segment is bent in a direction approaching the first electrode, and one second electrode lead linearly extends in a direction approaching the first electrode.
Preferably, the width of second electrode lead wire linkage segment is unchangeable, and its width scope is 2um ~30 um.
Preferably, the second electrode lead connecting section narrows from an extending direction away from the second electrode, and the width of the tail end of the second electrode lead connecting section is 75% -95% of the initial width.
Preferably, the width scope of the second part of the second electrode lead extension section is 0.5um ~10 um.
Preferably, the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is greater than the width of the second portion of the second electrode lead extension.
Preferably, the second portion of the second electrode lead extension is linearly extended. More preferably, the second electrode lead extension further includes an end portion connected to the second portion of the second electrode lead extension, and having a constant width and bent in a direction gradually approaching the first electrode.
Preferably, the second portion of the second electrode lead extension is bent in a direction gradually approaching the first electrode.
Preferably, the distance from the tail end of the second electrode lead extension section to the first electrode is 20-300 um.
Preferably, the length of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is 20% to 80% of the length of the entire second electrode lead extension. More preferably, the length of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is 40 to 60% of the length of the entire second electrode lead extension.
Preferably, the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is 1.5 to 3 times of the width of the second part of the second electrode lead extending section.
As another embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the first electrode has a plurality of leads, at least one lead includes a connection section connected to the first electrode and an extension section extending from the connection section to the second electrode, the first electrode lead extension section extends from the first electrode lead connection section and gradually approaches a first portion of the second electrode, and extends from the first portion and gradually approaches the second electrode, a width of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension section is gradually changed in a direction away from the first electrode, and a width of the second portion is fixed and constant.
Preferably, the width of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is linearly narrowed at a constant rate of change from the extending direction.
Preferably, the width of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is narrowed stepwise from the extension direction, and the width of each of the sections is constant or has a different rate of change.
Preferably, the width of the first electrode lead connecting section is 1.5 to 3 times the width of the second part of the first electrode lead extending section.
Preferably, the length of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is 20% to 80% of the length of the entire first electrode lead extension. More preferably, the length of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is 40% to 60% of the length of the entire first electrode lead extension.
Preferably, the semiconductor device further includes a transparent conductive layer formed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer to form an ohmic contact with the second conductive type semiconductor layer.
Preferably, the liquid crystal display device further comprises a current blocking layer between the second conductive type semiconductor layer and the second electrode lead, the current blocking layer comprising a current blocking layer under the second electrode lead and a current blocking layer under the second electrode lead.
Preferably, the transparent conductive layer has an opening exposing the electrode current blocking layer.
More preferably, a width variation tendency of the current blocking layer under the second electrode lead coincides with a width variation tendency of the second electrode lead.
As described above, the semiconductor light emitting element designed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the width of the electrode lead connecting section is larger than that of the extension section, meanwhile, the width of the first part of the extension section is narrowed in a segmented mode or narrowed linearly from the extension direction, the width of the second part of the extension section is fixed and unchanged, the weak point of front-end current diffusion can be compensated, the current flux of the front end is enlarged, the load can pass through quickly, heat is effectively dispersed, the electrode bubbling burn caused by heat accumulation is delayed, the semiconductor light-emitting element can bear larger load, and the EOS performance is improved; meanwhile, the whole widening design of the electrode lead can be avoided, the light blocking area is reduced, and the influence on brightness is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. Furthermore, the drawing figures are a descriptive summary and are not drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of a conventional front-mounted semiconductor light emitting device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting element 1A according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a variation in width of a first portion of an extension of a second electrode lead according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of the semiconductor light emitting element 1A mentioned in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of modification 1B mentioned in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of modification 1C mentioned in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure of comparative example 1D mentioned in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of reference example 1E mentioned in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of the semiconductor light-emitting element described in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of the semiconductor light-emitting element described in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of the semiconductor light emitting element in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of an electrode structure of the semiconductor light-emitting element described in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Element numbering in the figures illustrates:
1, a substrate; 2 a first conductivity type semiconductor layer; 3 an active layer; 4 a second conductive type semiconductor layer; 5, a current blocking layer; 6 a transparent conductive layer; 7 a first electrode; 71. 72 a first electrode lead; 8 a second electrode; 81. 82, 83 second electrode leads; 9 insulating protective layer.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a semiconductor light emitting device, and fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor light emitting device, which includes: 1: a substrate; 2: a first conductive type semiconductor layer; 3: an active layer; 4: a second conductive type semiconductor layer; 5: a current blocking layer; 6: a transparent conductive layer; 7: a first electrode; 71. 72: a first electrode lead; 8: a second electrode; 81. 82, 83: a second electrode lead; 9: and an insulating protective layer.
The substrate 1 may be an insulating substrate or a conductive substrate. The substrate 1 is a growth substrate for epitaxially growing a semiconductor barrier layer stack, and comprises sapphire (Al)2O3) Or spinel (MgA 1)2O4) The insulating substrate of (1); silicon carbide (SiC), ZnS, ZnO, Si, GaAs, diamond; and an oxide substrate such as lithium niobate or niobium gallate lattice-matched to the nitride semiconductor. The substrate 1 includes a first surface, a second surface, and a sidewall, wherein the first surface and the second surface are opposite. The substrate 1 may include a plurality of protrusions formed on at least a partial region on the first surface. The plurality of protrusions of the substrate 1 may be formed in a regular and/or irregular pattern. In the present embodiment, the substrate 1 is preferably a patterned sapphire substrate.
The thickness of the substrate 1 is between 40-300 um, under thicker condition, the thickness of the substrate 1 is 80-300 um, under thinner condition, the thickness of the substrate 1 is more than 40um, less than 80um or under thinner condition, more than 40um, less than 60 um.
The semiconductor barrier stack includes a first conductive type semiconductor layer 2, an active layer 3, and a second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 sequentially stacked on a first surface of a substrate 1.
The first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 mayTo consist of a group III-V or group II-VI compound semiconductor and may be doped with a first dopant. The first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 may be formed of a material having a chemical formula InX1AlY1Ga1-X1-Y1N (0. ltoreq. X1. ltoreq.1, 0. ltoreq. Y1. ltoreq.1, 0. ltoreq. X1+ Y1. ltoreq.1), such as GaN, AlGaN, InGaN, InAlGaN, etc. In addition, the first dopant may be an n-type dopant, such as Si, Ge, Sn, Se, and Te. When the first dopant is an n-type dopant, the first conductive type semiconductor layer doped with the first dopant is an n-type semiconductor layer. In this embodiment, the first conductivity type semiconductor layer is preferably an n-type semiconductor doped with an n-type dopant.
The active layer 3 is disposed between the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. The active layer 3 is a region for providing light radiation by electron and hole recombination, different materials can be selected according to different light emitting wavelengths, and the active layer 3 can be a periodic structure of a single quantum well or a multi-quantum well. The active layer 3 includes a well layer and a barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer has a larger band gap than the well layer. By adjusting the composition ratio of the semiconductor material in the active layer 3, light of different wavelengths is desirably radiated.
The second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 is formed on the active layer 3, and may be composed of a group III-V or group II-VI compound semiconductor. The second conductive type semiconductor layer may be doped with a second dopant. The second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 may be formed of a material having a chemical formula InX2AlY2Ga1-X2-Y2N (0-X2-1, 0-Y2-1, 0-X2 + Y2-1) or a material selected from the group consisting of AlInN, AlGaAs, GaP, GaAs, GaAsP and AlGaInP. When the second dopant is a p-type dopant, such as Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr and Ba, the second conductive type semiconductor layer doped with the second dopant is a p-type semiconductor layer. In this embodiment, the second conductivity type semiconductor layer is preferably a p-type semiconductor doped with a p-type dopant.
In order to dispose the first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8, which will be described later, on the same surface side of the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4, the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 may be laminated on the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 so that a part of the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 is exposed, or the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 may be laminated on the second conductive type semiconductor layer so that a part of the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 is exposed.
A semiconductor barrier stack is formed by stacking a second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 (p-type semiconductor layer) on a first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 (n-type semiconductor layer) through an active layer 3, and the p-type semiconductor layer and the active layer are preferably removed in a partial region in order to expose a part of the n-type semiconductor layer under these layers. The semiconductor barrier stack may include at least one hole penetrating at least partially through the active layer 3 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 to expose the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2. The hole partially exposes the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2, and the side surface of the hole can be surrounded by the light-emitting layer 3 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. Alternatively, the semiconductor barrier stack may include one or more mesas including the active layer 3 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. The mesa is located on a portion of the surface of the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2. In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the semiconductor barrier stack includes a mesa including the active layer 3 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4.
A transparent conductive layer 6 is positioned on the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. The transparent conductive layer 6 may form an ohmic contact with the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. Since the conductive layer is disposed on the light extraction surface side of the semiconductor light-emitting element, the conductive layer preferably has transparency, specifically, a conductive oxide layer. Examples of such a conductive oxide include oxides containing at least one selected from Zn, In, Sn, and Mg, specifically ZnO, In2O3, SnO2, ITO (indium tin oxide), izo (indium zinc oxide), GZO (galium-doped zinc oxide), and the like. The conductive oxide (particularly ITO) is suitably used because it has high light transmittance (for example, 60% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more) in visible light (visible region) and is a material having high conductivity. The transparent conductive layer 6 may have an opening that exposes the current blocking layer 5 below a second electrode described later.
The first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 are electrically connected to the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 directly or indirectly in order to supply current to the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2 and the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4, respectively. When the first conductive type semiconductor layer is of an n-type, the first electrode is an n-side electrode, and when the first conductive type semiconductor layer is of a p-type, the first electrode is a p-side electrode. The same applies to the second electrode. In this embodiment, the first electrode is preferably an n-side electrode, and the second electrode is preferably a p-side electrode.
The second electrode 8 is in contact with the transparent conductive layer 6, and electrically connected to the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4.
The first electrode 7 or the second electrode 8 is preferably disposed inside the semiconductor light emitting element in a plan view. In other words, it is preferable that the first electrode 7 is surrounded by the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4, or the second electrode 8 is surrounded by the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2. This allows the current to be diffused over the entire circumference of the first electrode 7 or the second electrode 8. In some embodiments, a portion of the first electrode 7 or the second electrode 8 may not be surrounded by the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4 or the first conductive type semiconductor layer 2.
The first electrode 7 may be partially or entirely surrounded by the second electrode 8, or vice versa. In other words, part or all of the n-side electrode may be surrounded by the p-side electrode, or part or all of the p-side electrode may be surrounded by the n-side electrode. Among them, in view of securing the area of the active layer 3, a mode in which a part or the whole of the n-side electrode is surrounded by the p-side electrode is preferable.
The first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 are pad electrodes that are electrically connected to an external electrode, an external terminal, or the like mainly for supplying current to the semiconductor light emitting element. The first electrode 7 and the second electrode 8 are provided respectively toward a pair of sides of the semiconductor barrier layer stack facing each other. The shape of the pad electrode in plan view can be appropriately adjusted depending on the size of the semiconductor light-emitting element, the arrangement of the electrodes, and the like, and can be, for example, a circular shape, a regular polygon shape, or the like. Among them, a circular shape or a shape close to a circular shape is preferable in view of easiness of wire bonding and the like. The sizes of the first electrode pad electrode and the second electrode pad electrode can be appropriately adjusted according to the size of the semiconductor light-emitting element, the arrangement of the electrodes, and the like. For example, the shape may be a substantially circular shape having a diameter of about 70um to 150 um. The first electrode pad electrode and the second electrode pad electrode may be identical in shape and size or may be different from each other.
The second electrode 8 is provided with a plurality of electrode leads, at least one second electrode lead comprises a connecting section connected with the second electrode and an extending section extending from the connecting section to the first electrode; the second electrode lead extension section has a first portion extending from the second electrode lead connection section to be gradually close to the first electrode and a second portion extending from the first portion to be gradually close to the first electrode, the width of the first portion is gradually changed in the extending direction, and the width of the second portion is constant. As an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first portion of the second electrode extension may be linearly narrowed from the extending direction at a constant rate of change, as shown in fig. 3 a; as another embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first portion of the second electrode extension may be narrowed from the extension direction in a stepwise manner, wherein the width of each step is constant, as shown in fig. 3b, or the width of each step is gradually decreased at different rates, as shown in fig. 3c to 3 e.
In this embodiment 1A, as one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the first electrode 7 has two electrode leads 71 and 72, and the first electrode leads 71 and 72 include connecting sections 71A and 72a connected to the first electrode 7 and extending sections 71b and 72b extending from the connecting sections 71A and 72a toward the first electrode. The widths of the first electrode connection segments 71a, 72a and the extension segments 71b, 72b are equal.
The second electrode 8 has three electrode leads 81, 82, and 83. The second electrode leads 81 and 83 have the same shape, and in the example of the second electrode lead 81, include a connection segment 81a connected to the second electrode 8 and an extension segment 81b extending from the connection segment 81a to the first electrode 7. The extension 81b of the second electrode lead includes a first portion 81b1 extending from the connection segment 81a to be gradually adjacent to the first electrode 7 and a second portion 81b2 extending from the first portion 81b1 to be gradually adjacent to the first electrode, the width of the first portion 81b1 is narrowed stepwise or linearly at a constant rate of change from the extending direction, and the width of the second portion 81b2 is constant. The second electrode connecting segments 81a and 83a are bent in a direction approaching the first electrode. The second electrode lead further includes a connection segment 82a linearly extending from the second electrode toward the first electrode, and an extension segment 82b extending from the connection segment toward the first electrode, the extension segment 82b including a first portion 82b1 linearly extending from the second electrode toward the first electrode gradually and a second portion 82b2 extending from the first portion 82b1 away from the first electrode gradually and closer to the first electrode. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the extension 81b of the second electrode lead further includes an end portion 81b3 bent in a direction gradually approaching the first electrode 7 and having a constant width equal to the width of the 81b 2. By adding the end portion, the second electrode lead can be made to a sufficient length, which can reduce the operating voltage of the device. Meanwhile, it is more preferable that the end portion 81b3 of the electrode lead extension may end up extending in a partially enlarged structure to prevent current or charge from being concentrated on the electrode tip, preventing the tip from being burned.
The width of the second electrode lead connecting section is greater than the width of the second electrode lead extending section. The width of second electrode lead wire linkage segment is fixed unchangeable, and its width is 2um ~30 um. Such as 4-15 um. Or the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is gradually narrowed from the extending direction, and the width of the tail end of the connecting section is 75% -95% of the initial width of the connecting section. Preferably, the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is 1.5-3 times of the width of the second part of the second electrode lead extension section, for example, the width of the second part of the second electrode lead extension section is 2-5 um. The length of the first part of the second electrode lead extension section accounts for 20% -80% of the length of the whole extension section, and more preferably, the length of the first part of the second electrode lead extension section accounts for 40% -60% of the length of the whole extension section.
Because the heat dissipation of the front-mounted light emitting diode is poor, and the first electrode and the second electrode are both arranged on the front surface of the light emitting diode, current can only be diffused through the electrode and the electrode lead on the front surface and the transparent conductive layer, and current crowding is easy to occur. The front end of the electrode lead is in a state before the load is not diffused, so that the electrode lead is easily influenced by concentrated load, the surface is subjected to thermal deposition, and the connecting position between the connecting section and the extending section is easy to cause electrode bubbling burn and lose conduction diffusion capability; the tail end of the lead is positioned in an area where current flows between the electrode lead and the transparent conducting layer, and the area is further dispersed with load and is not easy to burn, so the width of the second electrode connecting section is designed to be larger than the width of the second electrode extending section, wherein the width of the tail end of the second electrode connecting section is more than 75% of the initial width, or the width of the better connecting section is unchanged, the width of the first part of the second electrode extending section is gradually reduced from the second electrode to the first electrode extending direction, and the width of the second part is fixed and unchanged, so that the weak part of front end current diffusion can be compensated, the current flux of the front end is enlarged, the load can rapidly pass through, heat is effectively dispersed, the electrode bubbling burn caused by heat accumulation is delayed, and the semiconductor light-emitting element can bear larger load, namely the EOS performance is improved; meanwhile, the whole widening design of the electrode lead can be avoided, the light blocking area is reduced, and the influence on the brightness is reduced.
In a semiconductor light emitting element, since the mobility of carriers of a p-electrode is low, a certain current congestion is generally caused at the bottom of the p-electrode and a p-electrode lead. Therefore, a current blocking layer 5 is usually added at the bottom of the electrode and the electrode lead to suppress the over-injection of current and increase the current diffusion. The current blocking layer 5 is at least partially positioned on the second conductive type semiconductor layer 4. The current blocking layer 5 may be disposed on the second conductive type semiconductor layer 5 corresponding to the portion where the second electrode 8 and the electrode leads 81, 82, 83 are located. The current blocking layer 5 may include an electrode current blocking layer and an electrode lead current blocking layer. The electrode current blocking layer and the electrode lead current blocking layer may be disposed corresponding to positions of the second electrode and the second electrode lead, respectively. Preferably, the current blocking layer under the second electrode lead has the same shape as the second electrode lead and has a width dimension slightly greater than that of the electrode lead, but not excessively large, which may cause light loss.
The current blocking layer 5 can prevent current concentration due to direct transfer of current supplied to the second electrode 8 to the semiconductor layer, and promote current diffusion. Therefore, the current blocking layer 5 may have an insulating property, may include an insulating substance, and may be formed in a single layer or a multilayer structure. For example, the current blocking layer 5 may include SiO x、SiONxAnd SiNx. Since the current blocking layer 5 is disposed on the light extraction surface side of the semiconductor light-emitting element, it is preferable that the current blocking layer is transparent.
In the present embodiment 1A, as shown in fig. 4, the width of the first portion of the extension of the second electrode lead is narrowed stepwise from the extending direction, wherein the rate of change in width is different for each step. The first portion 81b1 of the second electrode lead extension 81b is divided into three segments L1, L2 and L3, L1, L2 and L3 have the same length, which is 20% of the length of the entire extension 81b, the width of the second electrode lead connecting segment 81a is d0, the widths of the ends of the first portion three segments L1, L2 and L3 are d1, d2 and d3, respectively, wherein d1 is 90% of d0, d2 is 60% of d0, d3 is 30% of d0, and the width d3 of the end of the third segment is the same as the width d4 of the second portion 81b2 of the second electrode lead extension. The width change rate of the first section L1 is lower than that of the second section L2 and the third section L3, because the foremost load of the electrode lead is concentrated and is not fully diffused, the width change rate of the first section L1 of the first part of the electrode lead extension section is minimum, along with the gradual diffusion of the load along the electrode lead, the width of the electrode lead extension section along the extension direction can be set to be gradually increased, so that the width of the rear end of the electrode lead extension section is reduced on the basis of ensuring that the overvoltage impact performance of the semiconductor light-emitting element is not influenced, the light blocking or light absorbing area of the electrode lead is reduced, and the light emitting brightness is improved. Similarly, the widths of the second electrode leads 82 and 83 are changed in the same manner as the second electrode lead 81. For example, the connecting section d0 is 4-12 um, and the width d4 of the second portion is 2-5 um.
As a modification of example 1A, in example 1B, as shown in fig. 5, the first portion of the second electrode lead extension 81B is gradually changed in one step, and is set as L1', the width d0' of the second electrode connecting section is the same as the width d0 of example 1A, the width of the end of L1 'is d1', and d1 'is 30% of the width d0', that is, the width of the second portion of the second electrode lead extension in example 1B is the same as the width of the second portion of the second electrode lead in example 1A. The width of the second electrode leads 82 and 83 is designed in the same manner as the second electrode lead 81.
As another implementation manner of the embodiment 1A, in the embodiment 1C, as shown in fig. 6, the first portion of the second electrode lead extension 81b is two-step gradually changed, and is set as L1 ", L2", the widths of the second electrode lead extension are d1 "and d 2", respectively, the width of the connection section is d0 ", and the width of the connection section is d0 in the embodiment 1, wherein d 1" is 80% of d0 ", and d 2" is 30% of d0 ". The first section of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension has a smaller rate of change in width than the second section. The width of the second electrode leads 82 and 83 is designed in the same manner as the second electrode lead 81.
As a comparative example 1D in which the width of the second electrode lead connecting section 82a is the same as the width of the second electrode lead extending section 82b, as shown in fig. 7, a widening process was performed with respect to the conventional second electrode structure, and the width thereof was identical to the width D0 of the connecting section in example 1A.
As a reference example 1E, as shown in fig. 8, in the electrode structure of the conventional forward led, the initial width of the connecting segment is the same as the width d0 in example 1A, the width of the connecting segment gradually narrows to 30% of the initial width, and the width of the extending segment remains the same.
In all of examples 1A to 1E, the terminal part is allowed to be enlarged to prevent current or charge from being concentrated on the electrode terminal and to prevent burning of the terminal.
The samples of the above examples 1A, 1B and 1C and comparative example 1D and reference example 1E were subjected to a test of passing a current of 120mA in the forward direction to conduct a test of light emission luminance; simultaneously carrying out an over-voltage impact (EOS performance) test, using a source test variable voltage source for testing, stepping by 1V, and striking for 3 times at each striking voltage, wherein the interval is 3s each time; and after each test is finished, Vf data can be tested by using the LED-800. If the data is normal, the next voltage is struck, and the actions are repeated until the chip Vf fails, and the level of the failure voltage Vf reflects the overvoltage impact capacity of the semiconductor light-emitting element. The results are shown in the following table:
as shown in the data in the table above, based on the data of the EOS performance obtained in the test of reference example 1E, the electrode leads are gradually changed in a single-stage manner, a two-stage manner, a three-stage manner, and continuously fixed and widened, respectively, and the EOS performance of the electrode leads is improved to different degrees compared with the reference examples, and is respectively improved by 50%, 52%, 53%, and 55%. Because the width of the second electrode lead connecting section and the width of the second part of the second electrode lead extending section in embodiments 1A, 1B and 1C are the same, and the width of the second electrode lead connecting section in comparative example 1D and embodiments 1A, 1B and 1C is the same, when the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage stepwise gradual change and continuous fixed widening are adopted, the distance corresponding to the change from the width of the second electrode lead connecting section to the width of the second part of the second electrode lead is lengthened, the diffusion capability of the current flux at the front end of the electrode lead is also enhanced one by one, the load at the front end of the electrode lead can pass quickly, the load congestion cannot be caused, the heat can be effectively dispersed, the electrode bubbling burn caused by heat accumulation can be delayed, and the semiconductor light-emitting element can bear larger load, that is, the EOS performance is improved. As can be seen from the data in table 1, the AEOS performance of the embodiment 1 with gradual change of the one-stage segment is improved by 50%, and when the two-stage segment gradual change and the three-stage segment gradual change are adopted, the EOS performance improvement is slightly improved compared with the one-stage segment gradual change; when the integral widening design is adopted, the EOS performance is slightly improved compared with three-section type sectional gradual change. When the one-section type, two-section type and three-section type gradual change and continuous fixed widening are adopted, the distance from the width change of the second electrode lead connecting section to the width of the second part of the second electrode lead is lengthened correspondingly, and the light blocking area of the electrode lead is gradually increased, as shown in the data in the table above, the brightness of the electrode lead is reduced and gradually reduced. The influence of the electrode lead segment gradual change mode on the EOS performance and the luminous brightness is comprehensively considered, and a two-segment design is preferably adopted, so that the LED can be ensured to have better EOS performance and luminous brightness.
When the failure voltage Vf was applied to examples 1A, 1B, and 1C and comparative example 1D and reference example 1F, burn occurred at different positions of the electrode. As shown in fig. 4 to 8, the dashed frame portion is a location of electrode burn, wherein the burn location of reference example 1F is at the junction of the second electrode lead connection section and the extension section; the burn site of example 1B of the one-step progression design also burned at the junction of the first and second portions of the second electrode lead extension, i.e., the gradual end of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension, and the junction of the first electrode connection and extension; and the burn-in positions of the electrodes of example 1C of the two-stage gradation design, example 1A of the three-stage gradation design, and reference example 1E of the overall widening design were the positions of the connecting section and the extending section in the first electrode. Current is injected from the first electrode and the second electrode and diffuses toward the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead, because the mobility of electrons at the first electrode side is greater than the mobility of holes at the second electrode side, and generally, charges are more concentrated in the extending direction of the second electrode lead toward the second electrode lead, which is easy to generate a current crowding effect, so the position of electrode burn in reference example 1E is the connecting position of the second electrode connecting section and the extending section. In embodiment 1B of the one-step gradual change design, the width of the electrode lead connection section is widened compared with that in reference example 1E, the width of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension section is narrowed from the extension direction, which can compensate the weak point of the front end current diffusion, enlarge the current flux at the front end, allow the load to pass through quickly, disperse heat effectively, delay the occurrence of electrode bubbling burn caused by heat accumulation, increase the overvoltage impact capability of the semiconductor element, enhance the EOS performance of the one-step gradual change design, and shift the burn position at the same time, and shift from the connection position of the second electrode connection section and the extension section to the end of the first portion of the second electrode extension section, and under the action of higher voltage, the load of the N electrode cannot be effectively spread, so that burn also occurs at the connection position of the first electrode connection section and the extension section. In the two-section type, three-section type gradual change design and the integral widening design, the gradual change length of the first part of the second electrode lead is prolonged, the current expansion capability of the second electrode lead is greatly enhanced, and the corresponding overvoltage impact capability is also enhanced; under the action of higher voltage, the current of the second electrode lead wire can realize effective expansion, and the current of the first electrode lead wire cannot realize effective expansion, so that burn occurs at the connecting position of the first electrode connecting section and the extension section.
In the embodiment of the present invention, an insulating protection layer 9 covers the surfaces of the semiconductor barrier stack, the first electrode and the second electrode. The insulating protective layer includes openings to expose portions of upper surfaces of the first and second electrodes, respectively. The insulating protective layer can be SiNx, SiOx and Al2O3. The insulating protective layer may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
Example 2
This embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, is different from embodiment 1 in that two leads 81 and 83 of the p-electrode of this embodiment do not have end portions as in embodiment 1, and other portions are the same.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the second electrode has only two electrode leads, no electrode lead linearly extending from the second electrode to the first electrode, and the first electrode has only one electrode lead linearly extending from the first electrode to the second electrode.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 11, the second electrode of this embodiment has only one electrode lead, the electrode lead includes a connection section connected to the second electrode and an extension section extending from the connection section to the first electrode, and the first electrode has only one electrode lead linearly extending from the first electrode to the second electrode.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 12, the difference from embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the first electrode has a plurality of leads, at least one of the first electrode leads includes a connecting section connected to the first electrode and an extending section extending from the connecting section to the second electrode, the first electrode extending section extends from the first electrode connecting section to a first portion gradually closer to the second electrode and extends from the first portion to a second portion gradually closer to the second electrode, the width of the first portion is narrowed in a stepwise manner from the extending direction, and the width of the second portion is constant.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is obvious that equivalent modifications or changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical idea of the present invention, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (23)
1. A front-loading semiconductor light emitting element comprising:
A first conductive type semiconductor layer and a second conductive type semiconductor layer;
a transparent conductive layer on the second conductive type semiconductor layer;
a first electrode and a second electrode which are respectively arranged on the first conductive type semiconductor layer and the transparent conductive layer and are positioned on the same surface side of the semiconductor light emitting element, wherein the second electrode is a p-type electrode;
at least one second electrode lead including an extension extending toward the first electrode, the extension including a first portion extending from the second electrode toward the first electrode, the first portion extending straight toward the first electrode;
the method is characterized in that:
the second electrode lead extension further comprises a second portion extending from the first portion of the extension to the first electrode, the second portion extending linearly toward the first electrode;
the first part of the extension section of the second electrode lead is divided into N sections (N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3) from the extension direction, the width of the first part is gradually reduced and changed in the extension direction, and the width of the second part is fixed and unchanged;
the length of the first part of the extension section of the second electrode lead accounts for 20% -80% of the length of the linear extension of the second electrode lead.
2. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein N is 1, and the first portion of the second electrode lead extension has a decreasing width and a constant rate of change of width.
3. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein N is 2 or 3, and the width of each of the first portions of the second electrode lead extension sections decreases and the rate of change of the width increases gradually from the extension direction.
4. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, further comprising a second electrode lead connecting section between the second electrode and the second electrode lead extending section, wherein the second electrode lead connecting section is bent in a direction approaching the first electrode, and a width of a junction between the second electrode lead extending section and the second electrode lead connecting section is 75% or more of an initial width of the second electrode lead connecting section.
5. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 4, wherein the second electrode leads are plural, at least one of the second electrode lead connecting sections is bent in a direction approaching the first electrode, and one of the second electrode leads extends linearly in a direction approaching the first electrode.
6. The forward-mounted semiconductor light-emitting element according to claim 4, wherein the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is constant and is in the range of 2um to 30 um.
7. The forward semiconductor light-emitting element according to claim 4, wherein the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is narrowed along the extending direction away from the second electrode, and the width of the junction of the second electrode lead connecting section and the second electrode lead extending section is 75% to 95% of the initial width of the connecting section.
8. The forward-mounted semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the second portion of the second electrode lead extension has a width in a range of 0.5um to 10 um.
9. The upright semiconductor light-emitting element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second portion of the second electrode lead extension is linearly extended or curvedly extended in a direction of the first electrode.
10. The forward semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second electrode lead further comprises an end portion, and the end portion of the second electrode lead is connected to the second portion of the second electrode lead extension, has a constant width, and is bent in a direction close to the first electrode.
11. The forward-mounted semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance from the end of the second electrode lead extension to the first electrode is 20-300 um.
12. The forward semiconductor light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is 20% to 60% of the length of the second electrode lead extension.
13. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the length of the first portion of the second electrode lead extension is 40% to 80% of the length of the second electrode lead extension.
14. The forward semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the second electrode lead connecting section is 1.5 to 3 times the width of the second portion of the second electrode lead extending section.
15. A front-loading semiconductor light emitting element comprising:
a first conductive type semiconductor layer and a second conductive type semiconductor layer;
a first electrode and a second electrode which are respectively arranged on the first conductive type semiconductor layer and the second conductive type semiconductor layer and are positioned on the same surface side of the semiconductor light emitting element, wherein the first electrode is an n-type electrode;
the first electrode is provided with a plurality of leads, at least one lead comprises a connecting section connected with the first electrode and an extending section extending from the connecting section to the second electrode, the extending section of the first electrode lead extends from the connecting section of the first electrode lead to a first part linearly extending towards the second electrode and a second part extending from the first part to the second electrode, the width of the first part of the extending section of the first electrode lead is gradually reduced along the extending direction far away from the first electrode, and the width of the second part is fixed and unchanged.
16. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 15, wherein the width of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is linearly narrowed at a constant rate of change from the extending direction.
17. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 15, wherein the first portion of the first electrode lead extension has a width which narrows stepwise from the extension direction, the width of each of the stepwise narrowing is constant or the width of each of the stepwise narrowing has a different rate of change.
18. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 15, wherein a transparent conductive layer is not interposed between the first electrode and the first conductive type semiconductor layer.
19. The forward semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 15, wherein the width of the first electrode lead connecting section is 1.5 to 3 times the width of the second portion of the first electrode lead extending section.
20. The forward semiconductor light emitting element of claim 15, wherein the length of the first portion of the first electrode lead extension is 40% to 60% of the length of the first electrode lead extension.
21. A front-loading semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 15 wherein: the first electrode lead comprises an extension section which linearly extends towards the first electrode, and the extension section comprises a first part extending from the second electrode to the first electrode; the method is characterized in that:
The second electrode lead extension section is also provided with a second part extending from the first part of the extension section to the first electrode, the first part of the second electrode lead extension section is divided into N sections (N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3) from the extension direction, the width of the first part is gradually reduced and changed in the extension direction, and the width of the second part is fixed and unchanged; the length of the first part of the two electrode lead extension sections accounts for 20% -80% of the length of the first electrode lead extension section.
22. A front-loading semiconductor light emitting element as claimed in claim 21 wherein; n is 1, the width of the first part of the extension section of the second electrode lead is decreased progressively, and the change rate of the width is unchanged.
23. The forward semiconductor light emitting element according to claim 21, wherein N is 2 or 3, and the width of each of the first portions of the extended sections of the second electrode leads is gradually decreased and the rate of change of the width from the extending direction is gradually increased.
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