CN114677854B - Public transport accessibility evaluation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a public transport accessibility assessment method and a device, which calculate all space reachable stations corresponding to each reference and all time reachable stations arranged in an area to be assessed, calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the pre-acquired road network information and public transport station related information of the area to be assessed and considering the departure frequency of the stop lines of the time reachable stations and the capacity difference between vehicle types, further synthesize the effective transportation capacities of all the reference points and assess the transport accessibility of the area to be assessed, and can more accurately assess the service supply condition and the service accessibility of public transport services in the area to be assessed, thereby effectively identifying the potential area to be improved in public transport accessibility and enabling the quantitative research of the coupling between the public transport service level and the land development and utilization to be more practical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban and rural planning, in particular to a public traffic reachability evaluation method and device.
Background
Traffic accessibility generally refers to the convenience of a traffic traveler from a departure point to a destination based on a specific traffic system, can reflect the difficulty of the traveler in acquiring various traffic services and the difficulty of city residents in acquiring certain services or participating in certain activities through spatial position movement, is widely applied to relevant fields such as urban traffic, urban planning and the like, and is a key index for evaluating the coordination degree of urban spatial resource layout of the urban traffic system and land utilization, infrastructure and the like.
Generally, the traffic accessibility can be divided into car accessibility and public traffic accessibility according to the difference of travel modes, wherein the public traffic accessibility can be divided into two types according to the difference of evaluation index connotations: (1) the space accessibility of the bus service is calculated by a traditional bus accessibility evaluation method, namely, the area or population covered by the range is calculated by taking a station providing the bus service as a center and a certain space distance as a radius, and common indexes such as the coverage rate of 500m of the bus station, the coverage rate of 300m of the population of the bus station and the like are calculated; (2) the time accessibility of the public transportation service is calculated by a common public transportation accessibility calculation method, namely, the area or population which can be covered by a certain slow traveling time length is calculated based on a slow traveling network by taking a station as a starting point, and common indexes such as the area rate of a 5-minute walking circle of the bus station, the population coverage rate of a 5-minute walking circle of the bus station and the like.
However, the above mentioned bus accessibility indexes have the following limitations: the space accessibility and time accessibility evaluation method of the bus service is poor in precision. The traditional space accessibility modeling method is simple in method for calculating the area or population coverage rate of a certain space range of a bus stop, but due to the isolation of rivers and roads, a large error usually exists in the practical production application when the accessibility of the bus service is estimated by using the space distance, and the defect of the space accessibility can be overcome to a certain extent by using the time accessibility, but the characteristic that the bus service is attenuated along with the time distance (or the space) is still difficult to quantify. In addition, the space reachability and the time reachability evaluation methods do not consider the scale indexes of the bus service such as the number of lines at a station and the departure frequency, and therefore the evaluation methods have certain limitations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for evaluating the accessibility of public transportation, which can evaluate the service supply condition and the accessibility of the public transportation service in an area to be evaluated more accurately.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a public transportation reachability evaluation method, including:
acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle;
setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated, and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; the time reachable sites are obtained by screening all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points;
according to the related information of the public transport stations, considering the departure frequency of the accessible stations at all times through the parking lines and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, and calculating the effective transport capacity of each reference point;
and evaluating the traffic accessibility of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a public transportation reachability evaluation apparatus including:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle;
the space and time reachable site calculation module is used for setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; the time reachable sites are obtained by screening all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points;
the effective transportation capacity calculation module is used for calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the related information of the public transportation station and considering the departure frequency of the stop lines of the reachable stations at all times and the capacity difference between the vehicle types;
and the traffic reachability evaluation module is used for evaluating the traffic reachability of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for evaluating the accessibility of the public transport have the following beneficial effects:
the method for evaluating the accessibility of the public transport calculates the effective transportation capacity of each reference point by calculating all space reachable stations corresponding to each reference and all time reachable stations corresponding to each reference in the area to be evaluated and according to the pre-acquired road network information of the area to be evaluated and the related information of the public transport stations, considering the departure frequency of the stop routes of the time reachable stations and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, and further integrates the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points to evaluate the accessibility of the area to be evaluated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a public transportation reachability evaluation method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a public transportation reachability evaluation method provided by the present invention.
The method for evaluating the accessibility of the public transportation provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps S11 to S14:
s11, acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the accessibility of the public transport in the area to be evaluated is evaluated, the vector boundary and the coordinate of the area to be evaluated, the road network information and the relevant information of the public transport station are acquired. The road network information refers to a chronic road network of an area to be evaluated, and the public transportation stations in the embodiment of the invention comprise public transportation stations with different public transportation modes, such as conventional bus stations, express bus stations and subway stations.
S12, setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated, and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; and the time reachable sites are screened from all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points.
In the embodiment of the invention, a reference point is set in the area to be evaluated, and the reference point represents a certain local area. And searching all nearby public transport stations meeting the space distance condition by taking the reference point as a circle center to obtain all space reachable stations corresponding to the reference point. And after all the corresponding space reachable stations are obtained, screening out public transportation stations meeting the time requirement from all the space reachable stations, and obtaining all the time reachable stations corresponding to the reference point.
And S13, according to the related information of the public transport station, considering the departure frequency of the stop-passing line of each time accessible station and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, and calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point.
In the embodiment of the invention, considering the difference of the departure frequency and the transportation capacity of different bus modes, and the difference of the departure frequency and the capacity of the public transportation lines of different modes is different, for example, the departure frequency of a conventional bus 503 line may be 4 bus times/h, the departure frequency of a conventional bus 504 line may be 6 bus times/h, the departure frequency of a subway 3 line may be 12 bus times/h, and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single bus of each line may also be different, so the effective transportation capacity of the reference point needs to be calculated by considering the departure frequency of a stopped line of each time reachable station and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, so as to more accurately evaluate the service supply condition and the service accessibility of the public transportation service of the area to be evaluated. In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the departure frequency of the line refers to the departure frequency of the operation vehicles of the bus line, and can be the departure frequency in the rush hour, which is specifically selected according to the actual situation.
And S14, evaluating the traffic accessibility of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points.
According to the public transport accessibility assessment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the effective transport capacity of each reference point is calculated by calculating all space reachable stations corresponding to each reference and all time reachable stations corresponding to each reference in the to-be-assessed area, and according to the pre-acquired road network information and public transport station related information of the to-be-assessed area, the departure frequency and the capacity difference between vehicles of the stop lines of the time reachable stations are taken into consideration, so that the effective transport capacity of all the reference points is integrated, the transport accessibility of the to-be-assessed area is assessed, the service supply condition and the service accessibility of public transport services in the to-be-assessed area can be more accurately assessed, the potential bus accessibility to-be-improved area is effectively identified, and the quantitative study on the coupling between the bus service level and the land development and utilization is more practical.
In an alternative embodiment, the reference point in step S12 is set by:
and dividing the region to be evaluated into N-by-N grids, and taking the centroid of each grid as each reference point.
In specific implementation, the research range obtained in step S11 is divided into N × N grids at certain intervals D (unit: m) according to the requirement of the evaluation accuracy, and coordinates of the centroid of each grid are obtained, where the coordinates of the centroid N of each grid are expressed as (x) n ,y n )，n∈[0,N]. In the embodiment of the invention, the mass center point of public transportation can beThe reachability replaces the public transportation reachability of the grid in which it is located.
In an alternative embodiment, all the spatially reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained by:
acquiring a preset radius corresponding to each bus mode;
for the ith bus mode, the reference point is taken as the center of a circle, the ith bus mode range of the reference point is defined by the radius corresponding to the ith bus mode, and all stops belonging to the ith bus mode and falling into the ith bus mode range are taken as i-mode stops corresponding to all spaces of the reference point and capable of reaching;
and synthesizing all the spatially reachable mode sites corresponding to the reference point to obtain all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
Exemplarily, the reference point in the step S12 is used as a circle center, and the radius of 500 meters is used for screening the adjacent conventional bus stops, so as to regard the bus stops as the conventional bus stops with reachable space; screening adjacent bus rapid transit stops by taking 800 meters as a radius, and regarding the bus rapid transit stops as space reachable bus rapid transit stops; and screening adjacent subway bus stops by taking 1500 meters as a radius, and regarding the adjacent subway bus stops as subway bus stops with reachable space. The station set of the i-mode public transport with the reachable grid centroid n space is represented as
The first index bus stop in the set is represented as
In an alternative embodiment, all the time reachable stations corresponding to each reference point are obtained by the following steps:
calling a map API (application programming interface), inquiring and obtaining the walking time length from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable site;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold value corresponding to the bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference points to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference points.
In another alternative embodiment, all the time-reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained by:
calculating walking time from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable station by adopting the network analysis function of ArcGIS based on the road network information and the public transport station related information;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold corresponding to a bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference points to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference points.
In the embodiment of the present invention, two approaches are generally adopted for time reachability matching: (1) for the current bus reachability evaluation, based on the internet map data calculation, a common method is to call a high-grade or hectometer map API, and traverse and calculate the walking time between each reference point and each corresponding space reachable station, for example, the walking time between a reference point and a space reachable regular bus station is less than 60min, and is regarded as time reachable, the walking time between a reference point and a space reachable express bus station is less than 10min, and is regarded as time reachable, the walking time between a reference point and a space reachable subway station is less than 15min, and is regarded as time reachable, and each time reachable station corresponding to each reference point and the walking time required for walking to each time reachable station are reserved; (2) for the long-term bus reachability evaluation, a network analysis function of the ArcGIS is preferably adopted, walking time lengths from the reference points to all spatial reachable stations are calculated based on the slow-moving road network collected in step S11 and the public transportation station (conventional bus station, fast bus station, subway station, and the like) distribution network of various transportation modes, the same screening principle of the path (1) is adopted, all time reachable stations corresponding to the reference points and walking time lengths required for walking to all time reachable stations are reserved, and all time reachable station sets corresponding to the reference point n are obtained after screening.
In an optional embodiment, the step S13 "calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the information related to the public transportation station and considering the departure frequency of the accessible stations via the parking routes at each time and the capacity difference between the vehicles" specifically includes:
acquiring a line set corresponding to the reference point n and allowing each time reachable station to stop;
for the first line of which the first time-reachable station stops, the departure frequency of the first line of the first time-reachable station is determined according to the index
Calculating the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the time of taking the index on the first line
According to the walking time length from the time-reachable station to the reference point in the first index
And the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the time of taking the first index on the first line
Calculating the connection duration of the public transportation at the first index reachable time station from the reference point n to the first line
According to the reference point n to the first index of the first lineConnection duration for taking public transport at accessible station
And the maximum passenger carrying capacity of the single vehicle of the first line with the stop of the reachable station at the first index
Calculating to obtain the effective transportation capacity of the first line for the reference point n when the first index time-reachable station stops
And accumulating the effective transportation capacity provided by all lines of which all the time can reach the stop and stop to the reference point n to obtain the effective transportation capacity of the reference point n.
Based on the technical scheme provided by the embodiment, further, in the embodiment of the invention, when the effective transportation capacity of the reference point is calculated, the effective transportation capacity of the reference point is set to be in a dimension of number of people per hour, and the dimension is the same as that of public transportation travel demand generated by land development and utilization, so that the difference between the travel demand and supply in the area to be evaluated can be intuitively reflected, and therefore, the area with weak bus service accessibility or unbalanced public transportation supply and demand can be obtained, and further, the coupling quantitative research of the bus service level and the land development and utilization is more practical.
In an optional implementation manner, the calculating, according to the departure frequency of the first line at the time-reachable station at the first index, an average waiting time for taking the time-reachable station at the first index on the first line is specifically:
calculating the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the time of the first index on the first line by taking the nth reference point as a reference point according to the following formula:
wherein,
the departure frequency of the first line of the stopped first index station corresponding to the nth reference point is expressed in the unit of train number/h,
and the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as the reference point is represented by the unit of s.
In an alternative embodiment, the connection duration of the public transportation at the time-reachable station of the index from the reference point to the line is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
the connection duration of the station taking public transportation at the time of the first index of the first line of the nth reference point is expressed by s,
the average waiting time of the station which can be reached by the nth reference point in the time of the nth index on the first line is shown,
and the walking time length from the nth reference point to the corresponding index site is shown.
In an alternative embodiment, the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line with the stopped time-reachable first station to the reference point is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line corresponding to the nth reference point and corresponding to the nth index reachable site is expressed to the nth reference point in the unit of number of people/h,
the average effective transport capacity provided by the first line corresponding to the nth reference point and corresponding to the first index of the stop of the time-reachable station to the nth reference point is represented by the unit of train number/h,
the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle of a first line which can be stopped at a first index reachable station corresponding to the nth reference point is shown, the unit is the number of people/vehicles,
and the connection time of the station taking public transportation can be reached at the first index of the first line of the nth reference point.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a public transport reachability evaluation device, which comprises:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle;
the space and time reachable site calculation module is used for setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; the time reachable sites are obtained by screening all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points;
the effective transportation capacity calculation module is used for calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the related information of the public transportation station and considering the departure frequency of the stop lines of the reachable stations at all times and the capacity difference between the vehicle types;
and the traffic reachability evaluation module is used for evaluating the traffic reachability of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points.
It should be noted that the public transportation reachability evaluation apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention is configured to execute all the procedures and steps of the public transportation reachability evaluation method in the foregoing embodiment, and the working principles and the effects of the two are in one-to-one correspondence, which is not described in detail herein.
It should be noted that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, where the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A public transportation reachability evaluation method characterized by comprising:
acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle;
setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated, and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; the time reachable sites are obtained by screening all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points;
according to the related information of the public transport stations, considering the departure frequency of the accessible stations at all times through the parking lines and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, and calculating the effective transport capacity of each reference point;
evaluating the traffic accessibility of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points;
the calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transportation station and considering the departure frequency of the stop-passing lines of the accessible stations at all times and the capacity difference among the vehicle types specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring a line set corresponding to the reference point and used for the reachable station stop at each time;
for a first line which stops at a first index time-reachable station, calculating the average waiting time of the first index time-reachable station on the first line according to the departure frequency of the first line at the first index time-reachable station;
calculating the connection duration of the public transportation at the time-reachable stations from the reference point to the first line according to the walking duration from the time-reachable stations to the reference point and the average waiting time of the time-reachable stations from the time-reachable stations at the time of the first index on the first line;
calculating to obtain the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line stopped at the first time-reachable station to the reference point according to the connection duration of the first time-reachable station by public transportation from the reference point to the first line and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of the single vehicle of the first line stopped at the first time-reachable station;
accumulating the effective transportation capacity provided by all lines of which all the time can reach the stop of the station to the reference point to obtain the effective transportation capacity of the reference point;
the method for calculating the average waiting time for taking the reachable station at the first index time on the first line according to the departure frequency of the first line at the reachable station at the first index time specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as a reference point according to the following formula:
wherein,
the departure frequency of the first line stopped at the first index corresponding to the nth reference point is shown,
the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as a reference point is represented;
the connection duration of public transportation at the time-reachable station of the first index from the reference point to the first line is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
the connection time of the station with public transportation can be reached at the first index of the first line of the nth reference point,
the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as the reference point is shown,
representing the walking time from the nth reference point to the corresponding index site;
the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line for the reference point when the first index time-reachable station stops is calculated by the following formula:
wherein,
the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line for the nth reference point when the first index reachable time station corresponding to the nth reference point stops is represented,
the average effective transport capacity provided by the first line corresponding to the nth reference point and stopping the nth time-reachable station to the nth reference point is represented,
the maximum passenger carrying capacity of the single vehicle of the first line of which the time can reach the stop at the nth reference point is represented,
and the connection time of the station taking public transportation can be reached at the first index of the first line of the nth reference point.
2. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the reference point is set by:
and dividing the region to be evaluated into N-by-N grids, and taking the centroid of each grid as each reference point.
3. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein all the spatially reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained by:
acquiring a preset radius corresponding to each public transportation mode;
for the ith bus mode, the reference point is taken as the center of a circle, the ith bus mode range of the reference point is defined by the radius corresponding to the ith bus mode, and all stops belonging to the ith bus mode and falling into the ith bus mode range are taken as the i-mode stops corresponding to all spaces of the reference point and capable of reaching;
and synthesizing all the spatially reachable mode sites corresponding to the reference point to obtain all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
4. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein all time reachable stations corresponding to each of said reference points are obtained by:
calling a map API (application programming interface), inquiring and obtaining the walking time length from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable site;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold value corresponding to the bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference point to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
5. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein all time reachable stations corresponding to each of said reference points are obtained by:
calculating walking time from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable site by adopting a network analysis function of ArcGIS based on the road network information and the public transport site related information;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold corresponding to a bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference point to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
6. A public transportation reachability evaluation apparatus characterized by being configured to execute the public transportation reachability evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN202210223670.4A CN114677854B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Public transport accessibility evaluation method and device |
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| CN114677854B true CN114677854B (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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