CN114677854B - Public transport accessibility evaluation method and device - Google Patents

Public transport accessibility evaluation method and device Download PDF

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CN114677854B
CN114677854B CN202210223670.4A CN202210223670A CN114677854B CN 114677854 B CN114677854 B CN 114677854B CN 202210223670 A CN202210223670 A CN 202210223670A CN 114677854 B CN114677854 B CN 114677854B
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邓兴栋
李鑫
张晓明
周茂松
孙泽彬
陈明涛
陈子睿
肖崇紫
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Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey and Design Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a public transport accessibility assessment method and a device, which calculate all space reachable stations corresponding to each reference and all time reachable stations arranged in an area to be assessed, calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the pre-acquired road network information and public transport station related information of the area to be assessed and considering the departure frequency of the stop lines of the time reachable stations and the capacity difference between vehicle types, further synthesize the effective transportation capacities of all the reference points and assess the transport accessibility of the area to be assessed, and can more accurately assess the service supply condition and the service accessibility of public transport services in the area to be assessed, thereby effectively identifying the potential area to be improved in public transport accessibility and enabling the quantitative research of the coupling between the public transport service level and the land development and utilization to be more practical.

Description

公共交通可达性评估方法及装置Public transport accessibility assessment method and device

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及城乡规划技术领域，尤其涉及一种公共交通可达性评估方法及装置。The invention relates to the technical field of urban and rural planning, and in particular, to a method and device for assessing the accessibility of public transport.

背景技术Background technique

交通可达性通常指交通出行者基于特定的交通系统从出发点到目的地的便捷度，其不仅能够反应出行者获取各类交通服务的难易程度，也能反映城市居民通过空间位置移动获取某类服务或者参与某种活动的难易程度，故被广泛地运用于城市交通和城市规划等相关领域，是评估城市交通系统与土地利用、基础设施等城市空间资源布局协调程度的关键指标。Traffic accessibility usually refers to the convenience of traffic travelers from the starting point to the destination based on a specific transportation system. It is widely used in related fields such as urban transportation and urban planning, and is a key indicator for evaluating the coordination degree between urban transportation system and urban spatial resources such as land use and infrastructure.

通常根据出行模式的不同，交通可达性可划分为小汽车可达性和公共交通可达性，其中公共交通可达性根据评价指标内涵的不同，可以划分为两类：①公交服务的空间可达性，传统公交可达性评价方法，即以提供公交服务的站点为中心，以一定空间距离为半径，计算该范围覆盖的面积或人口，常见指标如公交站点500m覆盖率、公交站点300m人口覆盖率等；②公交服务的时间可达性，常用的公交可达性计算方法，即以站点为起点，基于慢行路网计算一定慢行时长可覆盖的面积或人口，常见指标如公交站点5分钟步行圈面积率、公交站点5分钟步行圈人口覆盖率等。Usually, according to different travel modes, transportation accessibility can be divided into car accessibility and public transportation accessibility. Public transportation accessibility can be divided into two categories according to the different connotations of evaluation indicators: ① The space of public transportation services Accessibility, the traditional bus accessibility evaluation method, that is, taking the station providing bus service as the center, with a certain spatial distance as the radius, calculate the area or population covered by the scope, common indicators such as bus station coverage of 500m, bus station 300m Population coverage, etc.; ② Time accessibility of bus services, commonly used calculation methods for bus accessibility, that is, starting from the station, and calculating the area or population that can be covered by a certain slow travel time based on the slow road network, common indicators such as public transport The area rate of the 5-minute walking circle of the station, the population coverage of the 5-minute walking circle of the bus station, etc.

然而，上述的各类公交可达性指标存在以下局限性：公交服务的空间可达性和时间可达性评估方法精度较差。传统的空间可达性建模方法计算公交站点一定空间范围的面积或人口覆盖率，方法简单，但是由于受到河流、道路的隔离，使用空间距离来评估公交服务的可达性在实际生产运用中往往存在较大误差，而时间可达性能够在一定程度上克服空间可达性的该缺点，但是仍然难以量化表现公交服务会随时间距离(或空间)衰减的特性。此外，空间可达性和时间可达性评估方法中均未考虑如站点线路数量、发车频率等公交服务的规模指标，评估方法存在一定的局限性。However, the above-mentioned various public transport accessibility indicators have the following limitations: the spatial accessibility and temporal accessibility assessment methods of public transport services are less accurate. The traditional spatial accessibility modeling method calculates the area or population coverage of a certain spatial range of bus stops. The method is simple, but due to the isolation of rivers and roads, spatial distance is used to evaluate the accessibility of bus services in actual production and application. There is often a large error, and temporal accessibility can overcome this shortcoming of spatial accessibility to a certain extent, but it is still difficult to quantify the characteristics of bus service attenuation with time distance (or space). In addition, neither the spatial accessibility nor temporal accessibility evaluation methods consider the scale indicators of bus services such as the number of station lines and departure frequency, and the evaluation methods have certain limitations.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明提供一种公共交通可达性评估方法及装置，其能更加精准地评估待评估区域的公共交通服务的服务供给情况和服务可达性。The present invention provides a public transportation accessibility evaluation method and device, which can more accurately evaluate the service supply and service accessibility of public transportation services in an area to be evaluated.

本发明第一方面提供一种公共交通可达性评估方法，包括：A first aspect of the present invention provides a public transportation accessibility assessment method, including:

获取待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息；其中，所述公共交通站点相关信息包括各公共交通站点的线路和车次信息、各线路运营车辆的发车频率和单车最大载客容量；Obtain road network information and public transport station related information of the area to be assessed; wherein, the public transport station related information includes the route and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of vehicles operating on each route, and the maximum passenger capacity of a single vehicle;

在所述待评估区域内设置多个参考点，并计算每一所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点；其中，所述时间可达站点是从所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点中筛选得到的；A plurality of reference points are set in the area to be evaluated, and all spatially reachable stations and all corresponding time-reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are calculated; wherein, the time-reachable stations are obtained from the reference point. Filtered from all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to the point;

根据所述公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力；Calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transportation station, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time-reachable station and the capacity difference between the vehicle models;

根据所有参考点的有效运输能力的综合结果，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性。The traffic accessibility of the area to be assessed is assessed based on the combined results of the effective transport capacity of all reference points.

本发明第二方面提供一种公共交通可达性评估装置，包括：A second aspect of the present invention provides a public transportation accessibility assessment device, comprising:

数据获取模块，用于获取待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息；其中，所述公共交通站点相关信息包括各公共交通站点的线路和车次信息、各线路运营车辆的发车频率和单车最大载客容量；The data acquisition module is used to acquire the road network information and public transportation station related information of the area to be evaluated; wherein, the public transportation station related information includes the route and train number information of each public transportation station, the departure frequency of each line operating vehicle and the bicycle maximum passenger capacity;

空间和时间可达站点计算模块，用于在所述待评估区域内设置多个参考点，并计算每一所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点；其中，所述时间可达站点是从所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点中筛选得到的；A space and time reachable station calculation module, used for setting multiple reference points in the to-be-evaluated area, and calculating all the space reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points and all the corresponding time reachable stations; wherein, The time reachable site is obtained by screening from all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference point;

有效运输能力计算模块，用于根据所述公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力；The effective transport capacity calculation module is used to calculate the effective transport capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transport station, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time-reachable station and the capacity difference between vehicle models;

交通可达性评估模块，用于根据所有参考点的有效运输能力的综合结果，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性。The traffic accessibility evaluation module is used for evaluating the traffic accessibility of the to-be-evaluated area according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all reference points.

与现有技术相比，本发明提供的公共交通可达性评估方法及装置具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the public transportation accessibility assessment method and device provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

本发明提供的公共交通可达性评估方法，其通过计算待评估区域中设置的每一参考对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点，并根据预先获取的待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力，进而综合所有参考点的有效运输能力，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性，其能更加精准地评估待评估区域内的公共交通服务的服务供给情况和服务可达性，从而有效识别潜在的公交可达性待改善区域，使公交服务水平与土地开发利用的耦合性量化研究更具现实性。The public transportation accessibility evaluation method provided by the present invention calculates all the spatially accessible sites and all the corresponding time-accessible sites corresponding to each reference set in the area to be evaluated, and calculates all the accessible sites in the area to be evaluated according to the pre-obtained roads of the area to be evaluated. Internet information and public transportation station related information, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time and the capacity difference between the models, calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point, and then synthesize the effective transportation capacity of all reference points to evaluate The traffic accessibility of the to-be-evaluated area can more accurately evaluate the service supply and service accessibility of public transportation services in the to-be-evaluated area, so as to effectively identify potential areas to be improved in public transportation accessibility, so that public transportation Quantitative research on the coupling between service level and land development and utilization is more realistic.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明提供的公共交通可达性评估方法的一个实施例的流程示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a public transportation accessibility assessment method provided by the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

参见图1，图1是本发明提供的公共交通可达性评估方法的一个实施例的流程示意图。Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a public transportation accessibility assessment method provided by the present invention.

本发明实施例提供的公共交通可达性评估方法，包括步骤S11到步骤S14：The public transportation accessibility evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes steps S11 to S14:

步骤S11，获取待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息；其中，所述公共交通站点相关信息包括各公共交通站点的线路和车次信息、各线路运营车辆的发车频率和单车最大载客容量。Step S11, obtaining the road network information and public transport station related information of the area to be evaluated; wherein, the public transport station related information includes the route and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of the operating vehicles on each route, and the maximum passenger capacity of a bicycle capacity.

在本发明实施例中，在对待评估区域的公共交通可达性评估前，先获取待评估区域的矢量边界和坐标，以及路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息。其中，路网信息指的是待评估区域的慢性路网，且本发明实施例中的公共交通站点包括多种不同公交模式的公共交通站点，如常规公交站、快速公交站、地铁站。In the embodiment of the present invention, before the public transportation accessibility evaluation of the area to be evaluated, the vector boundary and coordinates of the area to be evaluated, as well as road network information and information related to public transportation stations are obtained. The road network information refers to the chronic road network of the area to be assessed, and the public transport stations in the embodiments of the present invention include public transport stations with various public transport modes, such as conventional bus stations, BRT stations, and subway stations.

步骤S12，在所述待评估区域内设置多个参考点，并计算每一所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点；其中，所述时间可达站点是从所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点中筛选得到的。Step S12, set a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated, and calculate all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to each of the reference points and all the corresponding time-reachable sites; wherein, the time-reachable sites are from It is obtained by screening all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.

在本发明实施例中，在待评估区域内设置参考点，以参考点代表某一局部区域。并以参考点为圆心，寻找附近所有满足空间距离条件的公共交通站点，得到参考点所对应的所有空间可达站点。在获得对应的所有空间可达站点后，从所有空间可达站点中筛选出满足时间要求的公共交通站点，即得到参考点对应的所有时间可达站点。In the embodiment of the present invention, a reference point is set in the area to be evaluated, and a certain local area is represented by the reference point. And take the reference point as the center of the circle, find all nearby public transportation stations that meet the spatial distance conditions, and get all the spatially reachable stations corresponding to the reference point. After obtaining all the corresponding spatially reachable stations, the public transport stations that meet the time requirements are selected from all the spatially reachable stations, that is, all the time-reachable stations corresponding to the reference point are obtained.

步骤S13，根据所述公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力。Step S13: Calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transportation station, taking into account the departure frequency of the lines that stop at each time-reachable station and the capacity difference between the vehicle types.

在本发明实施例中，考虑到不同公交模式的发车频率、运输能力的差异，且不同模式的公共交通线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异有所不同，如常规公交503线的发车频率可能为4车次/h，而常规公交504线路的发车频率可能为6车次/h，地铁3号线的发车频率可能为12车次/h，各线路单车最大载客容量也可能存在差异，因此，需要兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异计算参考点的有效运输能力，以更精准地评估待评估区域的公共交通服务的服务供给情况和服务可达性。此外，在本发明实施例中，线路的发车频率指的是公交线路运营车辆发车频次，可以是高峰期发车频次，具体根据实际情况选取。In the embodiment of the present invention, considering the difference in departure frequency and transportation capacity of different bus modes, and the departure frequency and capacity difference between different models of public transportation lines are different, such as the departure frequency of conventional bus line 503 It may be 4 trips/h, while the departure frequency of conventional bus line 504 may be 6 trips/h, and the departure frequency of Metro Line 3 may be 12 trips/h. There may also be differences in the maximum passenger capacity of each line. Therefore, It is necessary to take into account the departure frequency of the stopping lines at each time-reachable site and the capacity difference between vehicle models to calculate the effective transport capacity of the reference point, so as to more accurately evaluate the service supply and service accessibility of public transport services in the area to be assessed. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the departure frequency of the line refers to the departure frequency of operating vehicles on the bus line, which may be the departure frequency during peak hours, and is specifically selected according to the actual situation.

步骤S14，根据所有参考点的有效运输能力的综合结果，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性。Step S14: Evaluate the traffic accessibility of the to-be-evaluated area according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all reference points.

本发明实施例提供的公共交通可达性评估方法，其通过计算待评估区域中设置的每一参考对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点，并根据预先获取的待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力，进而综合所有参考点的有效运输能力，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性，其能更加精准地评估待评估区域内的公共交通服务的服务供给情况和服务可达性，从而有效识别潜在的公交可达性待改善区域，使公交服务水平与土地开发利用的耦合性量化研究更具现实性。The public transport accessibility assessment method provided by the embodiment of the present invention calculates all spatially accessible stations and all corresponding time-reachable stations corresponding to each reference set in the area to be assessed, and calculates the area to be assessed according to the pre-obtained area. The road network information and public transportation station related information, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time and the capacity difference between the models, calculate the effective transportation capacity of each reference point, and then synthesize the effective transportation capacity of all reference points. , to evaluate the traffic accessibility of the area to be evaluated, which can more accurately evaluate the service supply and service accessibility of public transportation services in the area to be evaluated, thereby effectively identifying potential areas to be improved in public transportation accessibility, It makes the coupling quantitative research of public transport service level and land development and utilization more realistic.

在一种可选的实施方式中，所述步骤S12中的参考点通过如下步骤设置：In an optional implementation manner, the reference point in the step S12 is set by the following steps:

将所述待评估区域划分为N*N网格，并将每一网格的质心作为每一参考点。The area to be evaluated is divided into N*N grids, and the centroid of each grid is used as each reference point.

在具体实施时，根据评估精度需要，以一定间隔D(单位：m)，将步骤S11中获取的研究范围划分为N*N网格，并获取各网格质心坐标，网格质心n的坐标表示为(xn,yn)，n∈[0,N]。在本发明实施例中，以质心点的公共交通可达性代替所在网格的公共交通可达性。In the specific implementation, according to the needs of the evaluation accuracy, with a certain interval D (unit: m), the research range obtained in step S11 is divided into N*N grids, and the coordinates of the centroid of each grid and the coordinates of the grid centroid n are obtained. Denoted as (x n , y n ), n∈[0,N]. In this embodiment of the present invention, the public transport accessibility of the centroid point is used to replace the public transport accessibility of the grid where it is located.

在一种可选的实施方式中，每一所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点通过如下步骤获取：In an optional implementation manner, all the spatially reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained through the following steps:

获取预设的每一公交模式对应的半径；Obtain the preset radius corresponding to each bus mode;

对于第i种公交模式，均以所述参考点为圆心，以与第i种公交模式对应的半径划定所述参考点的第i种公交模式范围，并将落入第i种公交模式范围内的属于第i种公交模式的所有站点作为所述参考点对应的所有空间可达的i模式站点；For the i-th public transport mode, the reference point is taken as the center of the circle, and the i-th public transport mode range of the reference point is delineated by the radius corresponding to the i-th public transport mode, and it will fall within the i-th public transport mode range. All stations belonging to the i-th public transport mode within are taken as all the spatially reachable i-mode stations corresponding to the reference point;

综合所述参考点对应的所有空间可达的各种模式站点，得到所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点。By synthesizing all the spatially reachable mode sites corresponding to the reference point, all spatially reachable sites corresponding to the reference point are obtained.

示例性的，以步骤S12中的参考点为圆心，以500米为半径筛选临近的常规公交站点，视为空间可达的常规公交站点；以800米为半径筛选临近的快速公交站点，视为空间可达的快速公交站点；以1500米为半径筛选临近的地铁公交站点，视为空间可达的地铁站点。网格质心n空间可达的i模式公交的站点集合表示为

Figure BDA0003534780680000061
集合中第index个公交站点表示为
Figure BDA0003534780680000062
Exemplarily, with the reference point in step S12 as the center of the circle, with a radius of 500 meters, the nearby conventional bus stops are screened, and they are regarded as the conventional bus stops that are reachable in space; Space-accessible BRT stations; screening nearby subway bus stations with a radius of 1,500 meters, as space-accessible subway stations. The grid centroid n space-reachable station set of i-mode public transport is expressed as
Figure BDA0003534780680000061
The index-th bus stop in the collection is represented as
Figure BDA0003534780680000062

在一种可选的实施方式中，每一所述参考点对应的所有时间可达站点通过如下步骤获取：In an optional implementation manner, all time-reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained through the following steps:

调用地图API接口，查询并得到所述参考点到其对应的每一空间可达站点之间的步行时长；Call the map API interface to query and obtain the walking time between the reference point and its corresponding reachable site in each space;

对于与所述参考点对应的每一空间可达站点，当所述空间可达站点与所述参考点的步行时长小于与所述空间可达站点所属的公交模式对应的步行时长阈值时，将所述空间可达站点配置为所述参考点对应的时间可达站点；For each spatially accessible station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking duration between the spatially accessible station and the reference point is less than the walking duration threshold corresponding to the public transport mode to which the spatially accessible station belongs, the The space reachable station is configured as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;

汇总所有被配置为所述参考点对应的时间可达站点，得到所述参考点对应的所有时间可达站点。All time-reachable stations configured to correspond to the reference point are aggregated to obtain all time-reachable stations corresponding to the reference point.

在另一种可选的实施方式中，每一所述参考点对应的所有时间可达站点通过如下步骤获取：In another optional implementation manner, all time-reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained through the following steps:

采用ArcGIS的网络分析功能，并基于所述路网信息和所述公共交通站点相关信息，计算所述参考点到其对应的每一空间可达站点的步行时长；Using the network analysis function of ArcGIS, and based on the road network information and the relevant information of the public transportation station, calculate the walking time from the reference point to each of its corresponding spatially reachable stations;

对于与所述参考点对应的每一空间可达站点，当所述空间可达站点与所述参考点的步行时长小于与所述空间可达站点所属的公交模式对应的步行时长阈值时，将所述空间可达站点配置为所述参考点对应的时间可达站点；For each spatially accessible station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking duration between the spatially accessible station and the reference point is less than the walking duration threshold corresponding to the public transport mode to which the spatially accessible station belongs, the The space reachable station is configured as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;

汇总所有被配置为所述参考点对应的时间可达站点，得到所述参考点对应的所有时间可达站点。All time-reachable stations configured to correspond to the reference point are aggregated to obtain all time-reachable stations corresponding to the reference point.

在本发明实施例中，对于时间可达性匹配通常采用两种途径：①对于现状公交可达性评估，基于互联网地图数据计算，常见的方法如调用高德或者百度地图API，遍历计算各参考点与其对应的每一个空间可达站点之间的步行时长，示例性的，参考点与其空间可达常规公交站点之间的步行时长小于60min，视为时间可达，参考点与其空间可达快速公交站点之间的步行时长小于10min，视为时间可达，参考点与其空间可达地铁站点之间的步行时长小于15min，视为时间可达，保留各参考点对应的每一时间可达站点，和步行至每一时间可达站点所需的步行时长；②对于远期公交可达性评估，宜采用ArcGIS的网络分析功能，基于步骤S11所收集的慢行路网、多种交通模式的公共交通站点(常规公交站、快速公交站、地铁站等)分布网络，计算参考点至所有空间可达站点的步行时长，采用途径①相同的筛选原则，保留各参考点对应的所有时间可达站点，和步行至各时间可达站点所需的步行时长，筛选后得到参考点n对应的所有时间可达站点集合。In the embodiment of the present invention, two approaches are usually adopted for the time accessibility matching: (1) For the current public transport accessibility evaluation, based on Internet map data calculation, common methods such as calling AutoNavi or Baidu map API, traversing and calculating each reference The walking time between a point and each of its corresponding spatially reachable stations. Exemplarily, if the walking time between a reference point and its spatially reachable conventional bus stops is less than 60 minutes, it is regarded as time-reachable, and the reference point and its spatially-reachable bus stop can be quickly reached. If the walking time between bus stops is less than 10 minutes, it is regarded as time-reachable. The walking time between the reference point and its spatially reachable subway station is less than 15 minutes, and it is regarded as time-reachable, and each time-reachable station corresponding to each reference point is reserved. , and the walking time required to reach the station at each time; ②For the long-term public transport accessibility assessment, the network analysis function of ArcGIS should be used, based on the slow road network collected in step S11, and the data of various traffic modes. Distribution network of public transport stations (regular bus station, rapid bus station, subway station, etc.), calculate the walking time from the reference point to all the spatially reachable stations, adopt the same screening principle of route ①, and keep all the time-reachable stations corresponding to each reference point The station, and the walking time required to walk to each time-reachable station, are filtered to obtain a set of all time-reachable stations corresponding to the reference point n.

在一种可选的实施方式中，所述步骤S13“根据所述公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力”，具体包括：In an optional implementation manner, the step S13 is “according to the relevant information of the public transport station, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time-reachable station and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, calculate the Effective transport capacity”, which includes:

获取所述参考点n对应的每一时间可达站点经停的线路集合；Acquiring a set of lines that stop at each time-reachable station corresponding to the reference point n;

对于第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路，根据第index个时间可达站点的第line条线路的发车频率

Figure BDA0003534780680000071
计算在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间
Figure BDA0003534780680000072
For the line th line that stops at the stop at the index th time, according to the departure frequency of the line th line that can reach the station at the index th time
Figure BDA0003534780680000071
Calculate the average waiting time to take the index-th time to reach the stop on the line line
Figure BDA0003534780680000072

根据第index个时间可达站点到所述参考点的步行时长

Figure BDA0003534780680000073
和所述在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间
Figure BDA0003534780680000074
计算所述参考点n到第line条线路的第index个时间可达站点乘坐公共交通的接驳时长
Figure BDA0003534780680000075
The walking time from the reachable station to the reference point according to the index-th time
Figure BDA0003534780680000073
and the average waiting time for the station that can be reached by the index time on the line line
Figure BDA0003534780680000074
Calculate the connection time of public transportation from the reference point n to the index-th time of the line-th line.
Figure BDA0003534780680000075

根据所述参考点n到第line条线路的第index个时间可达站点乘坐公共交通的接驳时长

Figure BDA0003534780680000076
和第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路的单车最大载客容量
Figure BDA0003534780680000081
计算得到第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路对所述参考点n提供的有效运输能力
Figure BDA0003534780680000082
According to the reference point n to the index-th time of the line-th line, the connection time of the public transportation at the reachable station
Figure BDA0003534780680000076
and the maximum passenger capacity of a single vehicle of the line line that can reach the stop at the index time
Figure BDA0003534780680000081
Calculate the effective transportation capacity provided to the reference point n by the line-th line that stops at the index-th time-reachable station
Figure BDA0003534780680000082

累计所有时间可达站点经停的所有线路对所述参考点n提供的有效运输能力，得到所述参考点n的有效运输能力。The effective transportation capacity provided to the reference point n by all the lines that stop at the reachable station at all times is accumulated to obtain the effective transportation capacity of the reference point n.

基于上述实施例提供的技术方案，进一步的，在本发明实施例中，在计算参考点的有效运输能力时，将参考点的有效运输能力设置为以人次/h为量纲，以与土地开发利用所产生的公共交通出行需求的量纲相同，能够直观地反映待评估区域的交通出行需求与供给差异，从而能够获得公交服务可达性较弱或公共交通供需不平衡区域，进而使得公交服务水平与土地开发利用的耦合性量化研究更具现实性。Based on the technical solutions provided in the above-mentioned embodiments, further, in the embodiment of the present invention, when calculating the effective transportation capacity of the reference point, the effective transportation capacity of the reference point is set as the dimension of passengers/h, so as to be consistent with the land development. Using the same dimension of public transport travel demand, it can intuitively reflect the difference between traffic travel demand and supply in the area to be assessed, so that areas with poor accessibility of public transport services or unbalanced public transport supply and demand can be obtained. Quantitative research on the coupling between level and land development and utilization is more realistic.

在一种可选的实施方式中，所述根据第index个时间可达站点的第line条线路的发车频率，计算在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间，具体为：In an optional embodiment, according to the departure frequency of the line th line that can reach the station at the index th time, the average waiting time of the line th line that can reach the station at the index th time is calculated, specifically: :

根据如下公式计算以第n个参考点为参考点，在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间：According to the following formula, calculate the average waiting time of the station that can be reached by taking the index-th time on the line-th line with the n-th reference point as the reference point:

Figure BDA0003534780680000083
Figure BDA0003534780680000083

其中，

Figure BDA0003534780680000084
表示第n个参考点对应的第index个站点经停的第line条线路的发车频率，单位为车次/h，
Figure BDA0003534780680000085
表示以第n个参考点为参考点，在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间，单位为s。in,
Figure BDA0003534780680000084
Indicates the departure frequency of the line-th line that stops at the index-th station corresponding to the n-th reference point, in units of trains/h,
Figure BDA0003534780680000085
Indicates the average waiting time of the station that can be reached by taking the index-th time on the line-th line with the n-th reference point as the reference point, the unit is s.

在一种可选的实施方式中，所述参考点到第line条线路的第index个时间可达站点乘坐公共交通的接驳时长通过如下公式计算：In an optional implementation manner, the connection time for taking public transportation from the reference point to the index-th time-reachable station of the line-th line is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003534780680000086
Figure BDA0003534780680000086

其中，

Figure BDA0003534780680000087
表示第n个参考点第line条线路的第index个时间可达站点乘坐公共交通的接驳时长，单位为s，
Figure BDA0003534780680000088
表示以第n个参考点为参考点，在第line条线路乘坐第index个时间可达站点的平均候车时间，
Figure BDA0003534780680000089
表示第n个参考点到其对应的第index个站点的步行时长。in,
Figure BDA0003534780680000087
Indicates the connection time of the nth reference point, the indexth time of the line, the line, and the reachable station by public transportation, the unit is s,
Figure BDA0003534780680000088
Indicates the average waiting time for the station to be reached by the index-th time on the line-th line, taking the n-th reference point as the reference point,
Figure BDA0003534780680000089
Indicates the walking time from the nth reference point to its corresponding indexth station.

在一种可选的实施方式中，所述第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路对所述参考点提供的有效运输能力通过如下公式计算：In an optional implementation manner, the effective transportation capacity provided to the reference point by the line th line that stops at the index th time-reachable station is calculated by the following formula:

Figure BDA0003534780680000091
Figure BDA0003534780680000091

Figure BDA0003534780680000092
Figure BDA0003534780680000092

其中，

Figure BDA0003534780680000093
表示第n个参考点对应的第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路对第n个参考点提供的有效运输能力，单位为人次/h，
Figure BDA0003534780680000094
表示第n个参考点对应的第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路对第n个参考点提供的平均有效运输能力，单位为车次/h，
Figure BDA0003534780680000095
表示第n个参考点对应的第index个时间可达站点经停的第line条线路的单车最大载客容量，单位为人/车次，
Figure BDA0003534780680000096
表示第n个参考点第line条线路的第index个时间可达站点乘坐公共交通的接驳时长。in,
Figure BDA0003534780680000093
Indicates the effective transportation capacity provided by the line-th line of the index-th time-reachable station corresponding to the n-th reference point to the n-th reference point, the unit is passenger/h,
Figure BDA0003534780680000094
Indicates the average effective transportation capacity provided by the line-th line at the index-th time-reachable station corresponding to the n-th reference point to the n-th reference point, in units of trains/h,
Figure BDA0003534780680000095
Indicates the maximum passenger capacity of a single vehicle of the line line where the index time corresponding to the nth reference point can reach the station, in units of persons/vehicles,
Figure BDA0003534780680000096
Indicates that the index-th time of the line-th line of the n-th reference point can reach the station by public transportation connection time.

相应地，本发明实施例还提供一种公共交通可达性评估装置，包括：Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a public transportation accessibility evaluation device, including:

数据获取模块，用于获取待评估区域的路网信息和公共交通站点相关信息；其中，所述公共交通站点相关信息包括各公共交通站点的线路和车次信息、各线路运营车辆的发车频率和单车最大载客容量；The data acquisition module is used to acquire the road network information and public transportation station related information of the area to be evaluated; wherein, the public transportation station related information includes the route and train number information of each public transportation station, the departure frequency of each line operating vehicle and the bicycle maximum passenger capacity;

空间和时间可达站点计算模块，用于在所述待评估区域内设置多个参考点，并计算每一所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点和对应的所有时间可达站点；其中，所述时间可达站点是从所述参考点对应的所有空间可达站点中筛选得到的；A space and time reachable station calculation module, used for setting multiple reference points in the to-be-evaluated area, and calculating all the space reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points and all the corresponding time reachable stations; wherein, The time reachable site is obtained by screening from all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference point;

有效运输能力计算模块，用于根据所述公共交通站点相关信息，兼顾各时间可达站点经停线路的发车频率、车型之间的容量差异，计算每一参考点的有效运输能力；The effective transport capacity calculation module is used to calculate the effective transport capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transport station, taking into account the departure frequency of the stop lines at each time-reachable station and the capacity difference between vehicle models;

交通可达性评估模块，用于根据所有参考点的有效运输能力的综合结果，评估所述待评估区域的交通可达性。The traffic accessibility evaluation module is used for evaluating the traffic accessibility of the to-be-evaluated area according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all reference points.

需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的公共交通可达性评估装置用于执行上述实施例的公共交通可达性评估方法的全部流程和步骤，两者的工作原理和作用效果一一对应，这里不再做过多的赘述。It should be noted that the public transport accessibility assessment device provided in the embodiment of the present invention is used to execute all the processes and steps of the public transport accessibility assessment method of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the working principles and effects of the two are in one-to-one correspondence. I won't go into too much detail here.

需要说明的是，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are only schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physically separated unit, that is, it can be located in one place, or it can be distributed over multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.

以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications may also be regarded as It is the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A public transportation reachability evaluation method characterized by comprising:
acquiring road network information and public transport station related information of an area to be evaluated; the public transport station related information comprises the line and train number information of each public transport station, the departure frequency of each line operation vehicle and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of a single vehicle;
setting a plurality of reference points in the area to be evaluated, and calculating all space reachable sites corresponding to each reference point and all corresponding time reachable sites; the time reachable sites are obtained by screening all the space reachable sites corresponding to the reference points;
according to the related information of the public transport stations, considering the departure frequency of the accessible stations at all times through the parking lines and the capacity difference between the vehicle types, and calculating the effective transport capacity of each reference point;
evaluating the traffic accessibility of the area to be evaluated according to the comprehensive result of the effective transportation capacity of all the reference points;
the calculating the effective transportation capacity of each reference point according to the relevant information of the public transportation station and considering the departure frequency of the stop-passing lines of the accessible stations at all times and the capacity difference among the vehicle types specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring a line set corresponding to the reference point and used for the reachable station stop at each time;
for a first line which stops at a first index time-reachable station, calculating the average waiting time of the first index time-reachable station on the first line according to the departure frequency of the first line at the first index time-reachable station;
calculating the connection duration of the public transportation at the time-reachable stations from the reference point to the first line according to the walking duration from the time-reachable stations to the reference point and the average waiting time of the time-reachable stations from the time-reachable stations at the time of the first index on the first line;
calculating to obtain the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line stopped at the first time-reachable station to the reference point according to the connection duration of the first time-reachable station by public transportation from the reference point to the first line and the maximum passenger carrying capacity of the single vehicle of the first line stopped at the first time-reachable station;
accumulating the effective transportation capacity provided by all lines of which all the time can reach the stop of the station to the reference point to obtain the effective transportation capacity of the reference point;
the method for calculating the average waiting time for taking the reachable station at the first index time on the first line according to the departure frequency of the first line at the reachable station at the first index time specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as a reference point according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003808117290000021
wherein,
Figure FDA0003808117290000022
the departure frequency of the first line stopped at the first index corresponding to the nth reference point is shown,
Figure FDA0003808117290000023
the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as a reference point is represented;
the connection duration of public transportation at the time-reachable station of the first index from the reference point to the first line is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003808117290000024
wherein,
Figure FDA0003808117290000025
the connection time of the station with public transportation can be reached at the first index of the first line of the nth reference point,
Figure FDA0003808117290000026
the average waiting time of the reachable stations at the first index time on the first line by taking the nth reference point as the reference point is shown,
Figure FDA0003808117290000027
representing the walking time from the nth reference point to the corresponding index site;
the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line for the reference point when the first index time-reachable station stops is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003808117290000028
Figure FDA0003808117290000029
wherein,
Figure FDA00038081172900000210
the effective transportation capacity provided by the first line for the nth reference point when the first index reachable time station corresponding to the nth reference point stops is represented,
Figure FDA00038081172900000211
the average effective transport capacity provided by the first line corresponding to the nth reference point and stopping the nth time-reachable station to the nth reference point is represented,
Figure FDA0003808117290000031
the maximum passenger carrying capacity of the single vehicle of the first line of which the time can reach the stop at the nth reference point is represented,
Figure FDA0003808117290000032
and the connection time of the station taking public transportation can be reached at the first index of the first line of the nth reference point.
2. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the reference point is set by:
and dividing the region to be evaluated into N-by-N grids, and taking the centroid of each grid as each reference point.
3. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein all the spatially reachable stations corresponding to each of the reference points are obtained by:
acquiring a preset radius corresponding to each public transportation mode;
for the ith bus mode, the reference point is taken as the center of a circle, the ith bus mode range of the reference point is defined by the radius corresponding to the ith bus mode, and all stops belonging to the ith bus mode and falling into the ith bus mode range are taken as the i-mode stops corresponding to all spaces of the reference point and capable of reaching;
and synthesizing all the spatially reachable mode sites corresponding to the reference point to obtain all the spatially reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
4. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein all time reachable stations corresponding to each of said reference points are obtained by:
calling a map API (application programming interface), inquiring and obtaining the walking time length from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable site;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold value corresponding to the bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference point to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
5. The public transportation reachability evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein all time reachable stations corresponding to each of said reference points are obtained by:
calculating walking time from the reference point to each corresponding space reachable site by adopting a network analysis function of ArcGIS based on the road network information and the public transport site related information;
for each space reachable station corresponding to the reference point, when the walking time of the space reachable station and the reference point is less than a walking time threshold corresponding to a bus mode to which the space reachable station belongs, configuring the space reachable station as a time reachable station corresponding to the reference point;
and summarizing all the time reachable sites configured to correspond to the reference point to obtain all the time reachable sites corresponding to the reference point.
6. A public transportation reachability evaluation apparatus characterized by being configured to execute the public transportation reachability evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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