CN114675696B - Unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system and control method - Google Patents
Unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114675696B CN114675696B CN202210339135.5A CN202210339135A CN114675696B CN 114675696 B CN114675696 B CN 114675696B CN 202210339135 A CN202210339135 A CN 202210339135A CN 114675696 B CN114675696 B CN 114675696B
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloralodol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC(C)OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides an unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system and a control method, comprising a boiler heat preservation system: the temperature in the system is initially controlled by receiving hot water in the boiler and cold water in the water pool according to a certain proportion through a water mixing temperature calculation formula, and finally the temperature in the system is accurately controlled through a water temperature sensor and a plurality of regulating valves; cigar tobacco leaf humidification system: the wet steam after the humidifier is sent into an automatic system, and finally the temperature in the system is accurately controlled through a humidity sensor and a regulating valve; fermentation process automation monitoring system: the tobacco leaf temperature, the storage environment temperature, the humidity, the water temperature and the image are collected through the data collector and transmitted to the network layer, and the temperature and humidity regulation system is used in the fermentation process: and the signal change monitored by the system is received, and the automatic regulation and control is realized by automatically regulating the states of different valves in the temperature and humidity regulation system. Through the systems, unattended operation and automatic monitoring and regulation functions in the tobacco fermentation process are realized. Is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cigar tobacco fermentation, in particular to an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automatic system and a control method.
Background
Cigar coated tobacco leaves are the outermost layers of cigars, i.e. the layers of tobacco leaves which are spirally wound from the lighting end to the smoking end of cigars in order to wrap the cores and the rolled leaves. Therefore cigars have a high internal and external quality requirement on the eggplant skin, especially in top cigars. In general, the tobacco leaves used to make the eggplant coating are the most expensive of the three cigar tobacco leaves, and the best known cigar brand is very careful about the choice of the eggplant coating tobacco leaves. The fermentation treatment of cigar-coated tobacco leaves is a technological method for cigar tobacco leaves to pass through.
Tobacco fermentation is a key process for producing cigarettes, and is characterized in that batch tobacco is piled in a plurality of fermentation chambers, hot air and steam are introduced, so that the tobacco is fermented for about half a month in a hot and humid climatic environment, and microorganisms are propagated, enzyme is converted and become tobacco with good color and smell for producing cigarettes. The tobacco leaves are mostly fermented in nature abroad, namely, the tobacco leaves are piled up in a storehouse for several years to be fermented naturally. In domestic tobacco factories, manual fermentation is almost adopted to accelerate fund turnover and reduce inventory, and the key of the manual fermentation is to reasonably control the temperature and humidity of a fermentation room. Too low temperature and humidity and long fermentation time are required, and tobacco leaves with too high temperature and humidity are easy to become black and even mildew and rot. At present, the traditional temperature and humidity control of tobacco leaf fermentation is performed manually, namely an operator enters a fermentation chamber to observe a liquid thermometer once every several hours, and the steam flow is manually adjusted according to the indication value, and the record is performed every several hours. Thus, the working conditions of workers are poor, and the high temperature and the high humidity of the fermentation room cause the workers to be easily suffering from diseases such as arthritis, cold and the like; but also seriously affects the fermentation quality of tobacco leaves. Because of manual operation, poor working conditions, too long interval time for observing and recording vapor, and incapability of timely adjusting the air inflow of the vapor, so that temperature and humidity fluctuation is large, and the requirement of a fermentation process is difficult to ensure. In recent years, some cigarette factories also require a plurality of instruments and computer automatic control systems for related units, but the problems and the disadvantages exist, so that the automatic control of tobacco fermentation is solved, and a satisfactory effect is expected to be achieved, which is also a common wish of cigarette manufacturers. Thus, research on an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automation system and a control method is a problem which needs to be solved at present.
Chinese patent document CN212181635U describes a cigar tobacco fermentation temperature and humidity monitoring system based on the LORA communication technology, comprising a plurality of data acquisition units and a data management unit; the plurality of data acquisition units respectively comprise a temperature and humidity sensor and are used for acquiring temperature and humidity data in the tobacco stacking pile; the plurality of data acquisition units and the data management unit are respectively internally provided with a LORA wireless communication module, so that each data acquisition unit can transmit acquired temperature and humidity data to the data management unit, and the data management unit further comprises a second communication module which is used for being in communication connection with an external monitoring terminal, so that the temperature and humidity data are sent to the external monitoring terminal. However, the problem that the cigar temperature can not be controlled exists in the scheme, although the temperature and humidity measurement is very accurate, the temperature and humidity can not be regulated and controlled in real time, a monitoring system needs to be manually operated, automatic control can not be realized, a great amount of manpower and material resources are wasted, informatization can not be realized, a worker can not remotely regulate and control, and the temperature and humidity can not be browsed in real time through a webpage or a client, so that the use has limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automatic system and a control method, which are used for realizing automatic heat preservation and moisture preservation for a long time without manual attendance and automatically controlling the temperature and humidity set by tobacco fermentation.
The invention aims to solve the other technical problem of providing an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automatic system and a control method, which can realize that a worker can remotely operate and accurately control the real-time temperature and humidity during tobacco fermentation through a small program or a mobile phone client, can realize informatization integrally, and can browse real-time data of a fermentation room at a webpage and a mobile phone client.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: comprises a boiler heat preservation system: the temperature in the fermentation automation system is initially controlled by receiving hot water in the boiler and cold water in the water pool according to a certain proportion through a water mixing temperature calculation formula, and finally the temperature in the fermentation automation system is accurately controlled through a water temperature sensor and a plurality of regulating valves;
cigar tobacco leaf humidification system: receiving hot steam in a boiler, sending the hot steam into an automatic system by a humidifier, and finally accurately controlling the temperature in the fermentation automatic system through a humidity sensor and a regulating valve;
fermentation process automation monitoring system: the data acquisition device acquires the temperature of tobacco leaves, the temperature of tobacco leaf storage environment, humidity, water temperature and images, transmits the temperatures and images to the network layer, and transmits information to staff and working equipment by the network layer to realize automatic monitoring;
temperature and humidity regulation system in fermentation process: receiving signal changes monitored by an automatic monitoring system in the fermentation process, and realizing automatic regulation by automatically regulating the states of different valves in a temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process;
through the systems, unattended operation in the tobacco fermentation process is realized, and the functions of automatic monitoring and regulation in the tobacco fermentation process are realized.
In the preferred scheme, the boiler heat preservation system includes cold water circuit and hot water circuit, pond in the cold water circuit, first temperature sensor and first electricity proportion control valve communicate in proper order and insert in the first mixing valve, boiler in the hot water circuit, second temperature sensor and second electricity proportion control valve communicate in proper order and insert in the first mixing valve, first mixing valve is mixed the water in cold water circuit and the hot water circuit and is linked together to the heat exchanger entry end, the exit end of heat exchanger communicates to the pond in and forms the hydrologic cycle, be equipped with third temperature sensor between heat exchanger and the first mixing valve, pond and boiler intercommunication are equipped with the relief valve between pond and the boiler.
In the preferred scheme, the formula for calculating the heat of mixing of water is: q=cm·Δt
Wherein: q is Δt, which is the amount of heat absorbed, c is the specific heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, Δt is the increasing or decreasing temperature;
the temperature of the domestic water is 15 ℃, the water temperature of the hot water loop is regulated, the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger is regulated, and when the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger is reached, the mass ratio of the water in the cold water loop to the water in the hot water loop is calculated, so that the initial adjustment relative proportion of the first electric proportional control valve and the second electric proportional control valve is determined, and preliminary automatic control is performed.
In the preferred scheme, cigar tobacco leaf humidification system includes humidification return circuit and hot steam return circuit, pond, humidifier and the third electricity proportion control valve in the humidification return circuit communicate in proper order and insert in the second mixing valve, boiler in the hot steam return circuit and open the valve intercommunication and insert in the second mixing valve, the second mixing valve is to the fan of intercommunication behind humidification return circuit and the hot steam return circuit mixture, the entry of entering steam humidification room through the mixed steam of fan drive, be equipped with the return air inlet on the steam humidification room, be equipped with humidity transducer between second mixing valve and the fan.
In a preferred scheme, the temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process is as follows: the third water temperature sensor is connected with the singlechip, the singlechip respectively controls the first electric proportional control valve of the refrigerating water pipeline and the second electric proportional control valve of the hot water pipeline through the network cable, the humidity sensor is connected with the singlechip, and the singlechip respectively controls the third electric proportional control valve in the humidifying loop and the opening valve in the hot steam loop through the network cable.
In a preferred scheme, the temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process is as follows: the singlechip sets the water temperature value to be 30 ℃;
when the water temperature monitored by the third water temperature sensor is lower than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve to be reduced, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve to be increased;
when the water temperature monitored by the third water temperature sensor is higher than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve to be increased, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve to be reduced.
In the preferred scheme, the singlechip sets the steam temperature value to be 30 ℃ and sets a humidity value to be T;
when the humidity sensor monitors that the humidity is lower than 75% T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve to be opened, and the valve is in a state with a larger opening, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve to be opened;
when the humidity sensor monitors that the humidity is higher than 85 percent T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve to be opened;
when the humidity sensor monitors that the humidity is 75-85% T, the singlechip automatically controls the third electric proportional control valve to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve to be closed.
In the preferred scheme, the automatic monitoring system for the fermentation process is provided with a dynamic data collector, the dynamic data collector is respectively connected with signal wires of a third water temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an infrared temperature sensor, a holder camera and a weight detector, the dynamic data collector transmits collected data to an industrial personal computer through the signal wires, and the industrial personal computer transmits the data to a data server through the signal wires.
In the preferred scheme, a firewall is further arranged in the data server, the firewall is connected with the cloud server through a signal line, the cloud server is connected with the database through a signal line, and the firewall is connected with the data server to mutually transmit signals of a monitoring site and a network layer;
the firewall and the terminal are connected with each other through a signal line, and the applet, the client 1, the client 2 and the output equipment are all provided with the terminal, and the firewall mutually transmits the network layer signal and the client signal through being connected with the terminal.
A detection method of an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automation system comprises the following steps: s1, preparation in the early stage: selecting proper boilers, sensors, humidifiers and electric proportional control valves according to the heat load, lighting area, temperature and humidity and regulation precision required by the existing place of the tobacco leaves, and connecting the proper boilers, sensors, humidifiers and electric proportional control valves according to each system;
s2, presetting technical indexes; presetting tobacco leaf humidification, tobacco leaf moisture preservation interval, heat preservation temperature in tobacco leaf fermentation process and fermentation prompt temperature.
S3, setting the temperature of a heat preservation system according to tobacco fermentation indexes: the boiler presets the hot water temperature around 60 ℃, the cold water loop adopts the hot water, the water temperature in the heat exchanger presets 30 ℃, and the formula Q=cm·Δt is adopted, wherein: q is deltat which is the absorbed heat, c is the specific heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, deltat is the rising or falling temperature, the initial valve opening proportion of the first electric proportional control valve and the second electric proportional control valve is calculated, and the corresponding proportion is set;
s4, presetting a moisturizing system according to tobacco fermentation indexes: the steam temperature is preset at about 30 ℃, a humidity value is preset as T, the moisture of cigar tobacco leaves is preset to be 75-85 percent T,
s5, manually and remotely setting single-chip microcomputer data through a small program or a client, setting the temperature value of water in the single-chip microcomputer to be 30 ℃, sensing the water temperature in the heat exchanger through a third water temperature sensor, automatically controlling the opening proportion of the valve of the first electric proportional control valve and the valve of the second electric proportional control valve, and automatically and accurately controlling the temperature;
setting the humidity interval in the singlechip to 75-85%T, sensing the humidity in the steam humidifying room through a humidity sensor, and automatically controlling the humidity;
s6, acquiring signals during tobacco fermentation through a dynamic data acquisition device, and realizing the monitoring of tobacco fermentation temperature, environmental temperature, humidity, tobacco weight and camera video monitoring when the whole system is unattended.
Through the steps, the whole system can be unattended, the temperature and the humidity of tobacco leaf fermentation can be accurately controlled remotely, the whole informatization is realized, and real-time data of a fermentation room are browsed at a webpage and a mobile phone client.
The invention provides an unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automatic system and a control method, by adopting the structure, an unmanned working mode in the cigar tobacco fermentation process can be realized, and an electric proportional control valve is controlled by a singlechip to regulate and control the refrigerating, hot water flow rate and mixing proportion, so that the temperature and the temperature change rate in the fermentation process are automatically and accurately controlled, unmanned adherence of a complex environment is realized, and intelligent regulation and control are realized. The operation is simple and reliable, the method is scientific and effective, and various fault accidents of staff caused by the fact that the staff take duty in turns in the fermentation site for 24 hours are avoided. The equipment is stopped working by mistake, and the waste phenomenon of fermentation materials caused by unqualified tobacco fermentation due to the mistake of staff is eliminated. Various valves and equipment are not required to be manually adjusted, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, and meanwhile, the fermentation rate is efficiently improved. The temperature and humidity of tobacco leaf fermentation can be accurately controlled remotely, the whole informatization is realized, and real-time data of a fermentation room are browsed at a webpage and a mobile phone client. The system is simple and efficient in network monitoring, high in operability when convenient to watch, simple and quick to operate, convenient for 24-hour real-time tracking and detection of staff, time cost of a large number of staff is saved, and the system is suitable for popularization and use.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a boiler insulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fermentation process temperature control flow scheme according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a cigar leaf humidification system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a humidity control flow chart of the fermentation process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of an automated fermentation process monitoring system of the present invention;
in the figure: a pool 1; a boiler 2; a safety valve 3; a first water temperature sensor 4; a second water temperature sensor 5; a third water temperature sensor 6; a first electric proportional control valve 7; a second electric proportional control valve 8; a first mixing valve 9; a heat exchanger 10; a humidifier 11; a third electric proportional control valve 12; opening the valve 13; a blower 14; a steam humidification house 15; a humidity sensor 16; a second mixing valve 17.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-5, the unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system comprises a boiler heat preservation system: the temperature in the fermentation automatic system is initially controlled by receiving hot water in the boiler 2 and cold water in the water pool 1 according to a certain proportion through a water mixing temperature calculation formula, and finally the temperature in the fermentation automatic system is accurately controlled through a water temperature sensor and a plurality of regulating valves;
cigar tobacco leaf humidification system: receiving hot steam in the boiler, sending the hot steam into an automatic system by the humidifier 11, and finally accurately controlling the temperature in the fermentation automatic system through the humidity sensor 16 and the regulating valve;
fermentation process automation monitoring system: the data acquisition device acquires the temperature of tobacco leaves, the temperature of tobacco leaf storage environment, humidity, water temperature and images, transmits the temperatures and images to the network layer, and transmits information to staff and working equipment by the network layer to realize automatic monitoring;
temperature and humidity regulation system in fermentation process: receiving signal changes monitored by an automatic monitoring system in the fermentation process, and realizing automatic regulation by automatically regulating the states of different valves in a temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process;
through the systems, unattended operation in the tobacco fermentation process is realized, and the functions of automatic monitoring and regulation in the tobacco fermentation process are realized. From this structure, can realize being in unmanned on duty's mode to cigar tobacco leaf fermentation in-process, initially regulate and control electric proportion control valve control refrigeration, hot water velocity of flow and mixing ratio to the preliminary temperature of heat exchanger 10 after the cold and hot water of initial automated control mixes, so that later according to the temperature of preliminary proportion accurate regulation heat exchanger 10, cigar tobacco leaf humidification system can regulate and control steam humidity simultaneously, and work efficiency improves, and business operation and management are more convenient, easy operation, and informationized cost is more controllable, and the human cost reduces by a wide margin. The fermentation process is quickened to realize unmanned adherence of complex environment, and intelligent regulation and control are realized. Realizing the whole informatization, and browsing real-time data of the fermentation room at the webpage and the mobile phone client. The network monitoring is simple and efficient, the operability is high while the watching is convenient, and the detection is convenient for the staff.
In the preferred scheme, the boiler heat preservation system comprises a cold water loop and a hot water loop, a water tank 1, a first water temperature sensor 4 and a first electric proportional control valve 7 in the cold water loop are sequentially communicated and connected into a first mixing valve 9, a boiler 2, a second water temperature sensor 5 and a second electric proportional control valve 8 in the hot water loop are sequentially communicated and connected into the first mixing valve 9, the first mixing valve 9 is used for mixing and communicating water in the cold water loop and the hot water loop to the inlet end of a heat exchanger 10, the outlet end of the heat exchanger 10 is communicated into the water tank 1 to form water circulation, a third water temperature sensor 6 is arranged between the heat exchanger 10 and the first mixing valve 9, the water tank 1 is communicated with the boiler 2, and a safety valve 3 is arranged between the water tank 1 and the boiler 2. With the structure, the cold water in the water tank 1 and the hot water burnt by the boiler 2 can be primarily mixed, enter the heat exchanger 10 through the first mixing valve 9, and then the cold water obtained by heat exchange of the heat exchanger 10 is recycled into the water tank 1, so that a closed loop for recycling is realized. The hot water is independently supplied from the boiler 2, and the temperature of the hot water can be stably controlled through the boiler 2, so that the hot water is mixed with the cold water to preliminarily calculate the valve opening ratio of the first electric proportional control valve 7 and the second electric proportional control valve 8, and the preliminary temperature control is realized.
In the preferred scheme, the formula for calculating the heat of mixing of water is: q=cm·Δt
Wherein: q is deltat, c is the heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, deltat is the temperature of increase or decrease;
the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger 10 is regulated by the temperature of domestic water at 15 ℃ in the water temperature control in the hot water loop, and the mass ratio of water in the cold water loop to water in the hot water loop when the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger 10 is reached is calculated, so that the initial adjustment relative proportion of the first electric proportional control valve 7 and the second electric proportional control valve 8 is determined, and preliminary automatic control is performed. According to the structure, the ratio of the hot water to the cold water can be calculated preliminarily through a calculation formula, so that the initial valve opening ratio of the first electric proportional control valve 7 and the second electric proportional control valve 8 is determined, the fermentation temperature of a tobacco fermentation room is regulated stably in the first step, and a regulation basis is provided for accurate regulation in the later stage. The time for the tobacco fermentation room to reach the temperature required by the technical index is shortened, the tobacco fermentation room is fast and stable, the regulation and control intervals of the first electric proportional regulating valve 7 and the second electric proportional regulating valve 8 are reduced, the interval for regulating and controlling the regulating valves is shortened, and guarantee is provided for the accurate regulation and control of the tobacco fermentation room in the later period.
In the preferred scheme, the cigar tobacco leaf humidification system comprises a humidification loop and a hot steam loop, a water tank 1, a humidifier 11 and a third electric proportional control valve 12 in the humidification loop are sequentially communicated and connected into a second mixing valve 17, a boiler 2 in the hot steam loop is communicated with an opening valve 13 and connected into the second mixing valve 17, the second mixing valve 17 is used for mixing the humidification loop and the hot steam loop and then is communicated with a fan 14, the fan 14 is used for driving an inlet of mixed steam into a steam humidification room 15, an air return opening is arranged on the steam humidification room 15, and a humidity sensor 16 is arranged between the second mixing valve 17 and the fan 14. With this structure, the hot steam generated by the boiler 2 can carry the air mixed by the humidifier 11 into the steam humidification room 15, the two are not interfered with each other, the temperature of the hot steam evaporated by the boiler 2 is only required to be controlled, the temperature of the mixed steam can be efficiently and reasonably controlled, and the humidity sensor 16 can monitor whether the humidity meets the requirement.
In a preferred scheme, the temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process is as follows: the third water temperature sensor 6 is connected with a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer respectively controls the first electric proportional control valve 7 of the refrigerating water pipeline and the second electric proportional control valve 8 of the hot water pipeline through a network cable, the humidity sensor 16 is connected with the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer respectively controls the third electric proportional control valve 12 in the humidifying loop and the opening valve 13 in the hot steam loop through the network cable. From this structure, the singlechip can control the opening of first electricity proportional control valve 7 and second electricity proportional control valve 8 to according to the temperature of accurate control water on the basis of first electricity proportional control valve 7 and second electricity proportional control valve 8, the singlechip is the scope of humidification degree and moisturizing in the control humidification return circuit simultaneously, can pass through singlechip automatically regulated system humiture, need not artifical on duty, can reach intellectuality and automation, singlechip sets up and reduces a large amount of human errors, avoid because the raw materials loss that the human error caused, equipment maintenance practices thrift a large amount of time costs and cost of labor.
In a preferred scheme, the temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process is as follows: the singlechip sets the water temperature value to be 30 ℃;
when the water temperature monitored by the third water temperature sensor 6 is lower than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve 7 to be reduced, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve 8 to be increased;
when the temperature of the water monitored by the third water temperature sensor 6 is higher than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve 7 to be increased, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve 8 to be reduced. From this structure, the singlechip sets up the water temperature value and is the most suitable temperature in tobacco leaf fermentation room, directly to singlechip input temperature, through the monitoring of third water temperature sensor 6, regulates and control first electricity proportional control valve 7 and second electricity proportional control valve 8 simultaneously, just can intelligent stable system temperature, simple structure is reliable, and automated strength is high, does not need the manual work on duty. The system can be in a state of water temperature of 30 ℃ for a long time.
In the preferred scheme, the singlechip sets the steam temperature value to be 30 ℃ and sets a humidity value to be T;
when the humidity sensor 16 monitors that the humidity is lower than 75% T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve 12 to be opened, and the valve is in a state with a larger opening, and the chip microcomputer automatically controls the opening valve 13 to be opened;
when the humidity sensor 16 monitors that the humidity is higher than 85 percent T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve 12 to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve 13 to be opened;
when the humidity sensor 16 monitors that the humidity is 75-85% T, the singlechip automatically controls the third electric proportional control valve 12 to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve 13 to be closed. From this structure, the singlechip sets up the humidity value and is the most suitable humidity in tobacco leaf fermentation room, directly inputs humidity to the singlechip, through humidity transducer 16's monitoring, adjusts and controls third electricity proportion control valve 12 and opening valve 13 simultaneously, just can intelligent stable system temperature, and simple structure is reliable, and automated strength is high, does not need the manual work on duty. The system can be in a state with the humidity of 75-85% T for a long time, when the humidity is 75-85% T, the third electric proportional control valve 12 and the opening valve 13 are closed, the humidifier 11 and the hot steam can not be provided, the energy can be effectively saved, and the economic benefit is improved.
In the preferred scheme, the automatic monitoring system for the fermentation process is provided with a dynamic data collector, the dynamic data collector is respectively connected with signal wires of a third water temperature sensor 6, a humidity sensor 16, an infrared temperature sensor, a holder camera and a weight detector, the dynamic data collector transmits collected data to an industrial personal computer through the signal wires, and the industrial personal computer transmits the data to a data server through the signal wires. With the structure, the temperature and humidity monitoring, the tobacco weight detection, the temperature monitoring and the tobacco image monitoring functions of the tobacco fermentation room can be realized in real time. The monitoring is carried out through the mobile phone client, the functions are complete, the labor cost is not needed, the manual monitoring is not needed on the site of tobacco leaves, and the automatic monitoring and the information networking of the tobacco leaf fermentation process are realized.
In the preferred scheme, a firewall is further arranged in the data server, the firewall is connected with the cloud server through a signal line, the cloud server is connected with the database through a signal line, and the firewall is connected with the data server to mutually transmit signals of a monitoring site and a network layer;
the firewall and the terminal are connected with each other through a signal line, and the applet, the client 1, the client 2 and the output equipment are all provided with the terminal, and the firewall mutually transmits the network layer signal and the client signal through being connected with the terminal. From this structure, can transmit the data that dynamic data collector gathered to applet, customer end 1, customer end 2 and output device on through the network layer, realize present whole automatic control, make things convenient for staff remote operation, realize this practicality function of unmanned on duty, also can many people, many platforms, multidirectional control system data simultaneously, optimize management structure, promote management quality. Through the firewall and the terminal interconnect through the signal line, protect customer's fermentation information, strengthened the disclosure of fermentation information more, protect the privacy of mill, put the network layer to the dynamic data collector collection, just store and transfer of data and look over, further optimize the management of entire system, be convenient for transfer the data to fermentation process follow-up research, also be convenient for maintain simultaneously.
Example 2: selecting equipment of an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automation system:
boiler selection: the power of the movable electric heating boiler must be selected according to the electric boiler heat load of the heating room. Different house structures, room heights, lighting areas, room locations, the thermal loads of which are different. The energy-saving building movable electric heating boiler can take 13-15m2/KW; the electric boiler of the common building can take 10-11m2/KW; the villa and the flat-bed electric boiler can take 8-9m2/KW; the house with poor sealing condition, room height greater than 2.7 m or frequent entrance and exit needs to properly reduce the heating area of the electric boiler per kilowatt.
Thus, 8-9m2/KW was selected, and based on the area estimate, 3 rooms, a 20KW electric heating boiler was selected.
Sensor selection: the temperature and humidity sensor is mainly used, and basic parameters of the temperature and humidity sensor are shown in table 1.
Table 1 temperature and humidity sensor parameters
Other device selection: mainly comprises a data acquisition device, a computer, a temperature and humidity controller and the like. The selection is shown in table 2.
Table 2 primary device selection
Example 3:
an unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system and a control method thereof, comprising the following steps: early preparation: according to the heat load, lighting area, temperature and humidity and regulation precision required by the existing place of the tobacco leaves, a proper boiler, a sensor, a humidifier and an electric proportional control valve are selected and connected according to each system. Presetting technical indexes; presetting tobacco leaf humidification, tobacco leaf moisture preservation interval, heat preservation temperature in tobacco leaf fermentation process and fermentation prompt temperature. According to tobacco fermentation indexes, setting the temperature of a heat preservation system: the boiler presets the hot water temperature around 60 ℃, the cold water loop adopts the hot water, the water temperature in the heat exchanger 10 presets 30 ℃, and the formula Q=cm·Δt is adopted, wherein: q is deltat which is the heat absorbed (or released), c is the specific heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, deltat is the temperature which is increased (or decreased) or decreased, the initial valve opening ratio of the first electric proportional control valve 7 and the second electric proportional control valve 8 is calculated, and the corresponding ratio is set. According to tobacco fermentation indexes, presetting a moisturizing system: the steam temperature is preset at about 30 ℃, a humidity value is preset as T, and the moisture of cigar tobacco leaves is preset to be 75-85% T. The singlechip data is manually and remotely set through a small program or a client, the temperature value of water in the singlechip is controlled to be 30 ℃, the water temperature in the heat exchanger 10 is sensed through the third water temperature sensor 6, the valve opening proportion of the first electric proportional control valve 7 and the second electric proportional control valve 8 is automatically controlled, and the temperature is automatically and accurately controlled. The humidity interval in the singlechip is set to be 75-85%T, and the humidity sensor 16 senses the humidity in the steam humidifying room 15, so that the humidity is automatically controlled. The dynamic data acquisition device is used for acquiring signals during tobacco fermentation, so that the tobacco fermentation temperature monitoring, the environmental temperature monitoring, the humidity monitoring, the tobacco weight monitoring and the camera video monitoring of the whole system are realized when the whole system is unattended.
Through the steps, the whole system can be unattended, the temperature and the humidity of tobacco leaf fermentation can be accurately controlled remotely, the whole informatization is realized, and real-time data of a fermentation room are browsed at a webpage and a mobile phone client.
The foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without collision. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and the protection scope includes equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A control method of an unattended cigar tobacco fermentation automation system comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation in the early stage: according to the heat load, lighting area, temperature and humidity and regulation precision required by the existing place of tobacco leaves, selecting a boiler, a sensor, a humidifier and an electric proportional control valve, and connecting the boiler, the sensor, the humidifier and the electric proportional control valve according to each system;
s2, presetting technical indexes; presetting tobacco leaf humidification, tobacco leaf moisture preservation interval, heat preservation temperature in tobacco leaf fermentation process and fermentation prompting temperature;
s3, setting the temperature of a heat preservation system according to tobacco fermentation indexes: the boiler presets the hot water temperature of 60 ℃, the cold water loop adopts the hot water, the water temperature of the heat exchanger (10) presets 30 ℃, and the formula Q= cm. Δt is adopted, wherein: q is the heat absorbed or released, c is the specific heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, Δt is the temperature of rising or falling, the initial valve opening proportion of the first electric proportional control valve (7) and the second electric proportional control valve (8) is calculated, and the corresponding proportion is set;
s4, presetting a moisturizing system according to tobacco fermentation indexes: the steam temperature is preset at 30 ℃, a humidity value is preset as T, and the moisture of cigar tobacco leaves is preset to be 75-85%T;
s5, manually and remotely setting single-chip microcomputer data through a small program or a client, setting the temperature value of water in the single-chip microcomputer to be 30 ℃, sensing the water temperature in the heat exchanger (10) through a third water temperature sensor (6), automatically controlling the valve opening proportion of the first electric proportional control valve (7) and the second electric proportional control valve (8), and automatically and accurately controlling the temperature;
setting the humidity interval in the singlechip to be 75-85%T, sensing the humidity in the steam humidifying room (15) through a humidity sensor (16), and automatically controlling the humidity;
s6, acquiring signals during tobacco fermentation through a dynamic data acquisition device, and realizing tobacco fermentation temperature monitoring, environmental temperature monitoring, humidity monitoring, tobacco weight monitoring and camera video monitoring when the whole system is unattended;
through the steps, the whole system can be unattended, the temperature and the humidity of tobacco leaf fermentation can be accurately controlled remotely, the whole informatization is realized, and real-time data of a fermentation room are browsed at a webpage and a mobile phone client;
wherein an unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system is used, and the unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system comprises a boiler heat preservation system: the temperature in the fermentation automatic system is initially controlled by receiving hot water in the boiler (2) and cold water in the water pool (1) according to a certain proportion through a water mixing temperature calculation formula, and finally the temperature in the fermentation automatic system is accurately controlled through a water temperature sensor and a plurality of regulating valves;
cigar tobacco leaf humidification system: receiving hot steam in a boiler, sending the hot steam into an automatic system by a humidifier (11), and finally accurately controlling the humidity in the fermentation automatic system through a humidity sensor (16) and a regulating valve;
fermentation process automation monitoring system: the data acquisition device acquires the temperature of tobacco leaves, the temperature of tobacco leaf storage environment, humidity, water temperature and images, transmits the temperatures and images to the network layer, and transmits information to staff and working equipment by the network layer to realize automatic monitoring;
temperature and humidity regulation system in fermentation process: receiving signal changes monitored by an automatic monitoring system in the fermentation process, and realizing automatic regulation by automatically regulating the states of different valves in a temperature and humidity regulation system in the fermentation process;
through the systems, unattended operation in the tobacco fermentation process is realized, and the automatic monitoring and regulating functions in the tobacco fermentation process are realized;
the boiler heat preservation system comprises a cold water loop and a hot water loop, wherein a water tank (1) in the cold water loop, a first water temperature sensor (4) and a first electric proportional regulating valve (7) are sequentially communicated and connected into a first mixing valve (9), a boiler (2) in the hot water loop, a second water temperature sensor (5) and a second electric proportional regulating valve (8) are sequentially communicated and connected into the first mixing valve (9), the first mixing valve (9) is used for mixing and communicating water in the cold water loop and the hot water loop to an inlet end of a heat exchanger (10), an outlet end of the heat exchanger (10) is communicated into the water tank (1) to form water circulation, a third water temperature sensor (6) is arranged between the heat exchanger (10) and the first mixing valve (9), the water tank (1) is communicated with the boiler (2), and a safety valve (3) is arranged between the water tank (1) and the boiler (2); the formula of the mixed heat of water is as follows: q= cm. Δt
Wherein: q is the heat absorbed or released, c is the specific heat capacity, m is the mass of the substance, Δt is the elevated or reduced temperature;
the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger (10) is regulated by the temperature of domestic water at 15 ℃ in the water temperature control in the hot water loop, and when the water temperature of the inlet end of the heat exchanger (10) is reached, the mass ratio of water in the cold water loop and the hot water loop is calculated, so that the initial adjustment relative proportion of the first electric proportion adjusting valve (7) and the second electric proportion adjusting valve (8) is determined, and preliminary automatic control is performed;
temperature and humidity regulation system in fermentation process: the third water temperature sensor (6) is connected with a singlechip, the singlechip respectively controls a first electric proportional control valve (7) of a refrigerating water pipeline and a second electric proportional control valve (8) of a hot water pipeline through a network cable, the humidity sensor (16) is connected with the singlechip, and the singlechip respectively controls a third electric proportional control valve (12) in a humidifying loop and an opening valve (13) in a hot steam loop through the network cable;
temperature and humidity regulation system in fermentation process: the singlechip sets the water temperature value to be 30 ℃;
when the water temperature monitored by the third water temperature sensor (6) is lower than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve (7) to be reduced, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve (8) to be increased;
when the water temperature monitored by the third water temperature sensor (6) is higher than 30 ℃, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the first electric proportional control valve (7) to be increased, and the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the second electric proportional control valve (8) to be decreased;
the fermentation process automatic monitoring system is provided with a dynamic data collector which is respectively connected with signal wires of a third water temperature sensor (6), a humidity sensor (16), an infrared temperature sensor, a cradle head camera and a weight detector, the dynamic data collector transmits acquired data to an industrial personal computer through the signal wires, and the industrial personal computer transmits the data to a data server through the signal wires;
the cigar tobacco leaf humidifying system comprises a humidifying loop and a hot steam loop, wherein a water tank (1), a humidifier (11) and a third electric proportional control valve (12) in the humidifying loop are sequentially communicated and connected into a second mixing valve (17), a boiler (2) in the hot steam loop is communicated with an opening valve (13) and connected into the second mixing valve (17), the second mixing valve (17) is used for mixing the humidifying loop and the hot steam loop and then is communicated with a fan (14), the fan (14) is used for driving mixed steam to enter an inlet of a steam humidifying room (15), a return air inlet is formed in the steam humidifying room (15), and a humidity sensor (16) is arranged between the second mixing valve (17) and the fan (14);
the singlechip sets the steam temperature value as 30 ℃ and sets a humidity value as T;
when the humidity sensor (16) monitors that the humidity is lower than 75% T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve (12) to be opened, the valve is in a state of larger opening, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve (13) to be opened;
when the humidity sensor (16) monitors that the humidity is higher than 85 percent T, the singlechip automatically controls the valve of the third electric proportional control valve (12) to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve (13) to be opened;
when the humidity sensor (16) monitors that the humidity is 75-85%T, the singlechip automatically controls the third electric proportional control valve (12) to be closed, and the singlechip automatically controls the opening valve (13) to be closed.
2. The control method of the unmanned cigar tobacco fermentation automation system according to claim 1, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: the data server is internally provided with a firewall, the firewall is connected with the cloud server through a signal line, the cloud server is connected with the database through a signal line, and the firewall is connected with the data server to mutually transmit the monitoring site and network layer signals;
the firewall and the terminal are connected with each other through a signal line, and the applet, the client 1, the client 2 and the output equipment are all provided with the terminal, and the firewall mutually transmits the network layer signal and the client signal through being connected with the terminal.
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| JPS57150750A (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1982-09-17 | Taiheiyo Kogyo Kk | Automatic operation controlling apparatus for fan coil unit |
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| CN212181635U (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-18 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco fermentation humiture monitoring system based on LORA communication technology |
| CN112346503A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-09 | 河北白沙烟草有限责任公司保定卷烟厂 | Fermentation process management control system |
| CN212728768U (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-03-19 | 内蒙古昆明卷烟有限责任公司 | Tobacco shred constant-temperature constant-humidity fermentation house |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57150750A (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1982-09-17 | Taiheiyo Kogyo Kk | Automatic operation controlling apparatus for fan coil unit |
| CN110925941A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-03-27 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fan coil water temperature control method and device and air conditioning system |
| CN212728768U (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-03-19 | 内蒙古昆明卷烟有限责任公司 | Tobacco shred constant-temperature constant-humidity fermentation house |
| CN212181635U (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-12-18 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco fermentation humiture monitoring system based on LORA communication technology |
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