CN114675466B - Quantum light source system and method for improving brightness of quantum light source - Google Patents
Quantum light source system and method for improving brightness of quantum light source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of a quantum light source, comprising the following steps of; the first micro-ring resonator, the second micro-ring resonator, the first waveguide and the second waveguide; the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the first waveguide are in a critical coupling state; the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is an integer multiple of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the first micro-ring resonant cavity is used for resonating pump light, and under the effect of spontaneous four-wave mixing, the signal light and idler frequency light wavelengths spontaneously generate photon pairs; the generated signal photons and idler photons are generated at wavelengths corresponding to the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonator and are not wavelengths corresponding to the resonance peaks of the second micro-ring resonator; the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the coupling of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity. The invention ensures that the pumping light energy enters the micro-ring resonant cavity at a higher pulse repetition frequency, improves the rate of photon pair generation of the quantum light source, and improves the generation efficiency of quantum photon pair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum light sources, and particularly relates to a quantum light source system and a method for improving brightness of a quantum light source.
Background
With the development of quantum technologies based on non-classical properties of quantum mechanics, more and more quantum technologies are becoming a reality that can be applied. However, many fundamental problems and limitations remain with photon-based quantum technology platforms, and in particular the performance of quantum light sources needs to be improved to a level that meets the needs. By utilizing the structure of the integrated microcavity, the energy density of light can be well enhanced, and the efficiency of a nonlinear process is improved, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and a quantum light source with low power consumption and high brightness is realized. At present, a quantum light source based on a nonlinear process generates single photons by utilizing a spontaneous parametric down-conversion or spontaneous four-wave mixing process, and then pump light is filtered by subsequent filtering, so that application of quantum technology, such as quantum secret communication, quantum computing and the like, is performed by utilizing the single photons. Since the spontaneous nonlinear process is very weak, the structure of the resonant cavity is needed to improve the performance of the quantum light source, and the brightness and stability of the quantum light source are improved by design.
The spontaneous four-wave mixing process in the ring-shaped resonant cavity is adopted, so that the quantum light source practical application based on the nonlinear process is further advanced. The single photon source based on the spontaneous four-wave mixing process has two working modes, namely, a beam of weak pump light is coupled into a resonant cavity through a bus waveguide, the spontaneous four-wave mixing process occurs in the cavity, signal light and idler frequency light which are symmetric to the frequency of the pump light in a bilateral manner are generated, and the signal light and the idler frequency light are emitted in a form of paired single photons; such pairs of single photons can be used as announced single photon sources in quantum technology applications, the basic principle of which is shown in fig. 1; such forms of spontaneous four-wave mixing are known as nondegenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing. Secondly, by injecting two beams of pumping light with different frequencies, degenerate signal photon and idler photon pairs are generated at the middle frequency of the two beams of the pumping light with different frequencies, and the basic principle of the quantum light source in the form is shown in figure 2; this form of spontaneous four-wave mixing process is known as degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing.
In a single microcavity structure, the phase matching conditions of two spontaneous four-wave mixing processes are self-satisfied according to the resonance peaks of the resonant cavities. However, because the width and field enhancement of each resonance peak cannot be individually controlled, the optimal performance of the quantum light source cannot be achieved.
The generation of quantum photon pairs is affected by a number of factors. The quantum photon pair can be generated by utilizing the spontaneous four-wave mixing of the waveguide structure, and the waveguide has the advantage of simple structural design. However, the utilization efficiency of the pump light is low, and the phase matching condition needs to be controlled by using a subsequent filter, so that the brightness and the efficiency of the obtained light source are low. The use of ring resonators is a common approach, but microring resonators do not have the general property of being able to tune the individual resonance peaks. Generally, the use of a high-quality resonator can greatly enhance the quantum light generation efficiency, but the high-quality resonator has a narrow resonance peak, and is difficult to couple pump light into the resonator, and the resonator is severely affected by thermal effects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of a quantum light source, and aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and low brightness of the obtained quantum light source in the existing quantum light source generation process.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a quantum light source system, comprising: the device comprises a first micro-ring resonant cavity, a second micro-ring resonant cavity, a first waveguide and a second waveguide;
the first waveguide is coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide; the method comprises the steps that pump light is input to a first waveguide, the pump light is coupled into a first micro-ring resonant cavity, resonates in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity, spontaneously generates signal light photons and idler frequency light photons, and is output from a second waveguide to serve as a quantum light source;
the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is N times of that of the second micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the resonant peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonant peak of the second micro-ring resonant cavity are not completely overlapped, N is an integer and N is larger than 1;
setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide as a first loss, setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide as a second loss, controlling the distance between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to control the coupling strength between the two micro-ring resonant cavities so that the coupling strength is greater than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, and controlling the overlapped resonant peaks of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to generate mode splitting so as to widen the overlapped resonant peaks, so that the incompletely overlapped resonant peaks are distributed in a narrow-width trend; the narrow resonance peak is a resonance peak which is not overlapped with the resonance of the second micro-ring resonance cavity in the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonance cavity; as the overlapped resonance peaks are widened, pulse light having a higher repetition frequency can be inputted as pump light to the first waveguide, so that the number of generated signal light photons and idler light photons increases, and the brightness of the obtained quantum light source relatively increases.
In an alternative example, the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonator and the first waveguide is a first coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is a second coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the second waveguide is a third coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is smaller than the second coupling coefficient and the third coupling coefficient, and the third coupling coefficient is larger than the second coupling coefficient.
In an alternative example, the overlapping resonance peaks create a mode split, specifically: splitting occurs at the two overlapped resonance peaks, but the two resonance peaks are not completely separated to form a resonance peak with a certain width, and the width of the resonance peak after mode splitting is increased compared with the width of the resonance peak without splitting.
In an alternative example, the wavelengths of the signal light and idler light are symmetrical about the wavelength of the pump light;
the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the widened resonance peak; the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are the wavelengths corresponding to the narrow resonance peaks;
the pump light generates resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the signal light wavelength and the idler light wavelength can generate resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and cannot generate resonance in the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
In an alternative example, the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are in a critical coupling state, so that after the pump light is input to the first waveguide, the pump light is completely coupled into the first micro-ring resonant cavity;
the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are in a critical coupling state, specifically: and adjusting a first coupling coefficient by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide is equal to the sum of the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide, the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the brightness of a quantum light source, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the steps that pump light is input to a first waveguide, the pump light is coupled into a first micro-ring resonant cavity, resonates in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity, spontaneously generates signal light photons and idler frequency light photons, and is output from a second waveguide to serve as a quantum light source; the first waveguide is coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide;
controlling the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity to be N times of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity so that the resonant peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonant peak of the second micro-ring resonant cavity are not completely overlapped, wherein N is an integer and N is larger than 1;
controlling the distance between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to control the coupling strength between the two micro-ring resonant cavities, so that the coupling strength is larger than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, and controlling the overlapped resonant peaks of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to generate mode splitting so as to widen the overlapped resonant peaks, and enabling the incompletely overlapped resonant peaks to be distributed in a trend of narrow width; the narrow resonance peak is a resonance peak which is not overlapped with the resonance of the second micro-ring resonance cavity in the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonance cavity; setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide as a first loss, and setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide as a second loss;
pulse light having a higher repetition frequency can be input as pump light to the first waveguide so that the number of generated signal light photons and idler light photons is increased, and the brightness of the obtained quantum light source is improved.
In an alternative example, the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonator and the first waveguide is a first coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is a second coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the second waveguide is a third coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is smaller than the second coupling coefficient and the third coupling coefficient, and the third coupling coefficient is larger than the second coupling coefficient.
In an alternative example, the overlapping resonance peaks create a mode split, specifically: splitting occurs at the two overlapped resonance peaks, but the two resonance peaks are not completely separated to form a resonance peak with a certain width, and the width of the resonance peak after mode splitting is increased compared with the width of the resonance peak without splitting.
In an alternative example, the wavelengths of the signal light and idler light are symmetrical about the wavelength of the pump light;
the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the widened resonance peak; the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are the wavelengths corresponding to the narrow resonance peaks;
the pump light generates resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the signal light wavelength and the idler light wavelength can generate resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and cannot generate resonance in the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
In an alternative example, the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are controlled to be in a critical coupling state, so that after pump light is input to the first waveguide, the pump light is completely coupled into the first micro-ring resonant cavity;
the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are in a critical coupling state, specifically: and adjusting a first coupling coefficient by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide is equal to the sum of the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide, the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
the invention provides a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of the quantum light source, wherein the wavelength of an input pumping light can generate resonance in a first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the width of the resonance peak is increased due to the coupling of the resonance peaks of the two micro-ring resonant cavities, so that pulse light with higher repetition frequency is allowed to enter the micro-ring resonant cavities for resonance. At this time, due to the field enhancement effect of the micro-ring resonant cavity, the broadband pulse light can resonate and spontaneously generate signal light and idler frequency light, so that the brightness of the quantum light source is improved. Because the probability of spontaneous photon pair generation of each pulse light is generally smaller than 0.1, the system allows more pulses to enter the micro-ring resonant cavity for resonance in unit time, so that the brightness of the light source can be improved, and a quantum light source with high brightness can be realized.
The invention provides a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of the quantum light source, which are based on a coupled structure of two micro-ring resonant cavities, wherein the micro-ring resonant cavities have smaller structures (generally with the radius of less than 200 um), and can be better integrated on a chip compared with a high nonlinear optical fiber structure (generally with the length of more than hundred meters).
The invention provides a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of the quantum light source, wherein a first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity are made of three-order nonlinear materials, the material loss is relatively low, and the power consumption can be reduced.
The invention provides a quantum light source system and a method for improving the brightness of the quantum light source, wherein the method for generating mode splitting of a resonance peak at the coupling wavelength of a first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity is as follows: making the coupling strength value between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity be more than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss; the coupling strength value is set as the position of the resonance peak which is just split, but the resonance peak is not completely split; the generation of quantum photons can be better achieved and used in practice when two resonance peaks are in between the states described above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the non-degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing principle provided by the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing principle provided by the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupling structure of two waveguides of two micro-ring resonators according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an energy resonance enhancement spectrum of pump light, signal light and idler light in a first micro-ring resonator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for improving brightness of a quantum light source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a system and a method for realizing a high-brightness quantum light source, which belong to the field of nonlinear quantum light sources, wherein the system comprises; the first micro-ring resonator, the second micro-ring resonator, the first waveguide and the second waveguide; the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the first waveguide are in a critical coupling state; the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is an integer multiple of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the first micro-ring resonant cavity is used for resonating pump light, and under the effect of spontaneous four-wave mixing, the signal light and idler frequency light wavelengths spontaneously generate photon pairs; the generated signal photons and idler photons are generated at wavelengths corresponding to the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonator and are not wavelengths corresponding to the resonance peaks of the second micro-ring resonator; the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the coupling of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity. The invention ensures that the pumping light energy enters the micro-ring resonant cavity at a higher pulse repetition frequency, improves the rate of photon pair generation of the quantum light source, ensures the high field enhancement factor of the resonance peak of the signal photons and the idler photons, and improves the generation efficiency of the quantum photon pair.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for a high-brightness quantum light source, which aim to solve the problems of low brightness and low efficiency of the traditional quantum light source method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-brightness quantum light source system, comprising: the first micro-ring resonator, the second micro-ring resonator, the first waveguide and the second waveguide;
the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the first waveguide are in a critical coupling state, and the coupling coefficient is a first coupling coefficient; the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, the coupling coefficient is a second coupling coefficient, and the mode part corresponding to the resonance peak at the coupling wavelength is split; the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide, the coupling coefficient is a third coupling coefficient, and the output bandwidth obtained by coupling is larger than the bandwidth of a transmission signal; the third coupling coefficient is slightly larger than the second coupling coefficient; the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is an integer multiple of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity;
the first waveguide is used for inputting pump light; the second waveguide is used for outputting signal light and idler frequency light and adjusting the size of a third coupling coefficient; the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity are used for resonating pump light, and signal light and idler frequency light are spontaneously generated under the effect of spontaneous four-wave mixing; the second waveguide is used for outputting signal light and idler frequency light;
wherein the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are symmetrical with respect to the wavelength of the pump light; the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonance peak of the second micro-coupling resonant cavity; the wavelength of the signal light and the idler light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and is not the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the coupling of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
Preferably, the materials of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity are three-order nonlinear materials.
Preferably, the coupling strength value between the first micro-ring resonator and the second micro-ring resonator is greater than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, which is a condition for realizing mode splitting of a resonance peak at a coupling wavelength of the first micro-ring resonator and the second micro-ring resonator;
the first loss is the total loss of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide;
the second loss is the total loss of the second micro-ring cavity intrinsic loss and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the critical coupling state between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the first waveguide comprises the following steps:
and adjusting the first coupling coefficient by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide is equal to other residual losses.
On the other hand, the invention provides a corresponding quantum photon generation method based on pulse light pumping based on the high-brightness quantum light source system, which comprises the following steps:
inputting pump light into the first micro-ring resonant cavity for resonance enhancement, and improving the power in the first micro-ring resonant cavity;
under the action of spontaneous four-wave mixing, the signal light and the idler frequency light spontaneously generate signal photons and idler frequency photons in the first micro-ring resonant cavity based on the phase matching condition of the spontaneous four-wave mixing;
the signal light and the idler frequency light pass through the second micro-ring resonant cavity, do not resonate in the second micro-ring resonant cavity and are output by the second waveguide;
the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the first waveguide are in a critical coupling state, and the mode part corresponding to the resonance peak at the coupling wavelength of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is split; the third coupling coefficient is slightly larger than the second coupling coefficient; the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is an integer multiple of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity;
the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are symmetrical with respect to the wavelength of the pump light; the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonance peak of the second micro-coupling resonant cavity; the wavelength of the signal light and the idler light is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and is not the wavelength corresponding to the resonance peak of the coupling of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
The invention adopts two different micro-ring resonant cavities to couple with each other, and adopts two waveguides to couple the two resonant cavities respectively; the effect brought by mutual coupling of micro-ring resonant cavities and coupling of different waveguides to each micro-ring resonant cavity is utilized, so that the system can inject pump light with higher repetition frequency, and a better quantum photon generation effect is obtained. The controllable quantum light source brightness can be realized, more possible pumping sources are supported, pumping power required by obtaining the same brightness is reduced, and the quantum light source brightness control system is more practical in a scene of integrated light quantum application, so that the whole system has higher cost performance, smaller size and larger application range.
The high-brightness quantum light source system provided by the invention has the following characteristics: (1) The first micro-ring resonator and the second micro-ring resonator are different in size, and the perimeter of the first micro-ring resonator can be set to be an integer multiple of the perimeter of the second micro-ring resonator; meanwhile, the lower the loss of the two micro-ring resonant cavities is, the better; (2) When the second waveguide is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, the bandwidth of the pump light is ensured to be larger than that of the signal light and the idler frequency light, so that the pump light with large bandwidth can be coupled into the micro-ring system; (3) The coupling between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity ensures that the resonance peak at the coupling position of the two rings generates slight mode splitting; to achieve this effect, the coupling strength between the first micro-ring resonator and the second micro-ring resonator needs to be slightly greater than one fourth of the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonator, the coupling loss caused by the second waveguide, the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonator, and the coupling loss caused by the first waveguide; for example, the coupling strength between the first micro-ring resonator and the second micro-ring resonator may be 1.1 times the difference between the first loss and the second loss by a factor of one fourth. (4) The coupling between the first waveguide and the first resonant cavity is ensured to reach critical coupling; by regulating the coupling strength of the first waveguide and the first resonant cavity, the coupling loss brought by the first waveguide is approximately equal to the other overall losses of the system, and at the moment, critical coupling can be achieved, so that the input light of the first waveguide is basically extinction at the output port of the first waveguide.
As one embodiment of the present invention, the first coupling coefficient is smaller than the second coupling coefficient and the third coupling coefficient, the third coupling coefficient being larger than the second coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient refers to the coupling coefficient between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the second coupling coefficient refers to the coupling coefficient between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the third coupling coefficient refers to the coupling coefficient between the second waveguide and the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
The high-brightness quantum light source system provided by the invention can be prepared according to the following method:
(1) Determining the bandwidth of the pump light resonance peak, for example, the bandwidth can be set to be 12GHz;
(2) The coupling coefficient is determined, for example, the coupling coefficient may be set as: the first coupling coefficient is 0.1341, the second coupling coefficient is 0.27, and the third coupling coefficient is 0.58;
(3) And coupling the two first micro-ring resonant cavities and the second micro-ring resonant cavities with different sizes with the first waveguide and the second waveguide respectively, thereby forming a double-resonant-cavity double-waveguide structure.
According to the high-brightness quantum light source system provided by the method, a beam of pumping light capable of resonating in the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity is input from one side of the first waveguide coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and the wavelength of the generated signal light and the wavelength of the idler light are the wavelengths corresponding to the resonance peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity which is not coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity and are symmetrical about the pumping wavelength; because the critical coupling is achieved between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, all pump light is coupled into the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and the first resonant cavity is greatly enhanced in resonance, so that the power level in the first micro-ring resonant cavity is high, and the spontaneous four-wave mixing efficiency is high; in the second micro-ring resonator, although the pump light also resonates, there is no resonance peak at the idler light frequency with respect to the symmetrical signal light frequency thereof, so the spontaneous four-wave mixing process does not substantially occur in the second resonator; since the generated signal light and idler light do not resonate within the second micro-ring resonator, and since the third coupling coefficient is relatively large, the signal light and idler light are output from the second waveguide.
According to the phase matching condition of spontaneous four-wave mixing, under the arrangement mode of the pump light, signal light can be generated at the signal light wavelength, idler light can be generated at the idler light wavelength, and the signal light wavelength and the idler light wavelength are symmetrical relative to the pump light wavelength; meanwhile, because of the arrangement mode of the pump light, the resonance peak of the pump light widens because of the coupling of the two micro-ring resonant cavities, thereby allowing the pump light with larger bandwidth to be used as a pump input system; because the probability of occurrence of the spontaneous four-wave mixing process is very low, and is generally lower than the probability of 0.1 per pulse, the bandwidth of signal photons and idler photons generated by the process is smaller than the pumping bandwidth, and meanwhile, the design matching of the system is proved to be consistent with the physical process because the bandwidth of a resonance peak at the signal wavelength and a resonance peak at the idler wavelength of the system is smaller than a resonance peak at Yu Bengpu wavelength.
The high-brightness quantum light source provided by the invention can realize the quantum photon pair generation effect with better performance, and is very convenient to design.
To further illustrate the advantages of the high-brightness quantum light source system provided by the present invention, it is now compared with the prior art to analyze:
(1) Compared with a high-nonlinearity optical fiber system, the high-brightness quantum light source system provided by the invention comprises a double-resonant cavity double-waveguide structure, and the resonance enhancement effect of the micro-ring resonant cavity is many times greater than that of the high-nonlinearity optical fiber system, so that the required material length is greatly reduced, and the structure is more suitable for integration and miniaturization.
(2) Compared with a waveguide structure, the high-brightness quantum light source provided by the invention can obviously reduce power consumption, increase peak gain and improve the rate of photon pair generation and light source performance by utilizing the resonance enhancement function of the micro-ring resonant cavity.
(3) The invention can solve the contradiction between gain and bandwidth, can simultaneously obtain the pumping light injection with large bandwidth and high spontaneous four-wave mixing efficiency, and is more suitable for the application scene of the actual quantum technology.
As shown in fig. 3, two micro-ring resonators having very low loss coefficients and different radii are used to couple to each other. According to the micro-ring resonance condition, when the wavelength of incident light meets the following condition
When the input light is in the micro-ring resonatorResonance occurs inside. Wherein m is the resonant order; n is n eff Is the effective refractive index of the material; l is the length of the micro-ring resonant cavity; the circumferences of the two micro-ring resonators in FIG. 3 are L respectively 1 ，L 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the By selecting materials and the radius of the micro-ring, an aligned resonance peak is arranged between the two micro-ring resonant cavities, so that the circumference of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is required to be an integral multiple of that of the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the wavelength corresponding to the aligned resonance peak can reach a resonance state in the double ring at the same time.
Generally, two micro-ring resonant cavities with the same materials and different radiuses can be selected. For example using n eff Material=1.9, L 1 ＝1600um，L 2 Two rings of 800um at 1550.8nm are the resonant wavelengths of the two micro-ring resonators. Because of the different radii of the two microring resonators, there are some misaligned resonant peaks in the Free Spectral Range (FSR) at which the two microring resonators are not coupled and have minimal interaction, as shown by the two resonant peaks on the left and right of FIG. 4. Meanwhile, the circumferences of the two rings have a multiple relationship, so that the resonance peaks of the two rings are overlapped at regular intervals, and at the moment, the two micro-ring resonant cavities are in a coupling state, and the resonance peaks at the alignment positions have a large bandwidth due to the coupling effect, as shown by the resonance peaks in the middle of fig. 4.
The principle of the spontaneous four-wave mixing generation of quantum photons is realized by using a double-resonant-cavity double-waveguide structure is shown in fig. 1 and 2. By non-degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM), e.g. FIG. 1, a beam with a center frequency ω p Spontaneously transmitting energy to a frequency omega s And the signal light and frequency of (a) are omega i The frequencies of the signal light and the idler light are located on both sides of the pump light and are symmetrical with respect to the pump light. The frequency of the three beams of light meets 2 omega p ＝ω s +ω i . By degenerate spontaneous four-wave mixing, e.g. FIG. 2, with two beams of frequencies ω p1 And omega p2 Spontaneously transmitting energy to a frequency omega s And the signal light and frequency of (a) are omega i Idle frequency light of (a). Since the frequencies of the signal light and the idler light are the same at this time, the condition omega is satisfied s ＝ω i So it is called degenerate selfFour wave mixing occurs. The sum of the frequencies of the signal light and the idler light is equal to the sum of the frequencies of the two beams of spectrum light, and is positioned in the middle of the frequencies of the two beams of pump light. Satisfies the condition omega s +ω s ＝ω p1 +ω p2 。
In the invention, the side coupling is performed through the waveguide and the micro-ring resonant cavity, and the specific steps are as follows: the first waveguide coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity inputs pump light, the wavelength of the pump light corresponds to the middle resonant peak in fig. 4, and the coupling between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity is regulated to be in a critical coupling state, so that the pump light is greatly enhanced in resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and is distributed in the second resonant cavity; in the first micro-ring resonator, at the resonance peaks satisfying the phase matching condition, as in the resonance peaks at both sides of fig. 4, signal light and idler photon pairs are spontaneously generated, and it should be noted here that, as long as the signal light wavelength and idler light wavelength are satisfied corresponding to the uncoupled resonance peak wavelength, and symmetrical with respect to the pump light frequency, FSRs of a plurality of first micro-ring resonators may be spaced.
The coupling coefficient of the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity is k 1 The transmission coefficient is r 1 The coupling coefficient between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is k 2 The transmission coefficient is r 2 The coupling coefficient between the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the second waveguide is k 3 The transmission coefficient is r 3 . The first micro-ring resonant cavity has a ring pass coefficient of a 1 The second resonant cavity has a loop transmission coefficient of a 2 The loop transmission coefficient of the micro-ring resonator determines the magnitude of its own loss a=exp (- βl/2), where β is the optical field transmission loss coefficient in the micro-ring resonator, including bending loss and scattering loss, etc. The loop transmission coefficient a of the micro-ring resonant cavity is related to the cavity length of the micro-ring resonant cavity and the optical field transmission loss coefficient beta.
In the quantum light source, photon pair N of signal light and idler frequency light is generated in the spontaneous four-wave mixing process of pulse light pumping s/i The calculation formula is that
Wherein P is pump light power; gamma is the nonlinear coefficient of the material; l (L) eff Is the effective length of the micro-ring; optical field enhancement factor, ω, of F (ω) pump light p For the pump frequency Δω is the bandwidth of the pump, i.e. the bandwidth of the pump corresponding to the resonance peak.
For single microring systems, there are
F p Is the field enhancement factor, i.e., the ratio of the optical field inside the micro-ring to the optical field of the input waveguide. The system has consistent gain for pump light, signal light and idler light and is limited.
For a double micro-ring system, there are
Can be made by adjusting parameters
At this time, the pump light is in a critical coupling state, has high gain, and the bandwidth of the pump resonance peak is widened, so that the pump pulse with higher repetition frequency is allowed to enter the micro-ring resonant cavity system. The specific set of parameter values described above is given in table 1 below;
TABLE 1
According to the embodiment of the invention, by constructing the double-resonant cavity double-waveguide coupling structure, the micro-ring resonant cavity is used as a quantum light source, and the pump light with higher repetition frequency is allowed to enter the micro-ring system, so that the generation rate of quantum photon pairs is improved.
The wavelength of the input pumping light can generate resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the output signal light wavelength and idler light wavelength can resonate in the first micro-ring resonant cavity, but not in the second micro-ring resonant cavity. At this time, because the coupling coefficients of the two waveguides and the two micro-ring resonant cavities are different, the pump light resonance peak is wider, and the pump light with higher repetition frequency is allowed to be coupled into the micro-ring resonant cavity system; meanwhile, the resonance peaks corresponding to the signal light and the idler light have large field enhancement factors, so that the efficiency of quantum photon pair generation is ensured, and the brightness of the quantum light source is improved.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for improving brightness of a quantum light source according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, including the following steps:
s101, pump light is input to the first waveguide, the pump light is coupled into the first micro-ring resonant cavity, resonates in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity, spontaneously generates signal light photons and idler light photons, and is output from the second waveguide to serve as a quantum light source; the first waveguide is coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide;
s102, controlling the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity to be N times of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity so that the resonant peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonant peak of the second micro-ring resonant cavity are not completely overlapped, wherein N is an integer and is larger than 1;
s103, controlling the distance between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to control the coupling strength between the two micro-ring resonant cavities, so that the coupling strength is larger than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, and controlling the mode splitting at the overlapped resonant peaks of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to widen the overlapped resonant peaks, so that the incompletely overlapped resonant peaks are distributed in a narrow-wide-narrow trend; the narrow resonance peak is a resonance peak which is not overlapped with the resonance of the second micro-ring resonance cavity in the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonance cavity; setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide as a first loss, and setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide as a second loss;
s104, pulse light with higher repetition frequency is input to the first waveguide as pump light, so that the number of generated signal light photons and idler light photons is increased, and the brightness of the obtained quantum light source is improved.
Specifically, the detailed implementation flow of the above method may refer to the description of the foregoing system embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum light source system, comprising: the device comprises a first micro-ring resonant cavity, a second micro-ring resonant cavity, a first waveguide and a second waveguide;
the first waveguide is coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide; the method comprises the steps that pump light is input to a first waveguide, the pump light is coupled into a first micro-ring resonant cavity, resonates in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and a second micro-ring resonant cavity, spontaneously generates signal light photons and idler frequency light photons, and is output from a second waveguide to serve as a quantum light source;
the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity is N times of that of the second micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the resonant peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonant peak of the second micro-ring resonant cavity are not completely overlapped, N is an integer and N is larger than 1;
setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide as a first loss, setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide as a second loss, controlling the distance between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to control the coupling strength between the two micro-ring resonant cavities so that the coupling strength is greater than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, and controlling the overlapped resonant peaks of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to generate mode splitting so as to widen the overlapped resonant peaks, so that the incompletely overlapped resonant peaks are distributed in a narrow-width trend; the narrow resonance peak is a resonance peak which is not overlapped with the resonance of the second micro-ring resonance cavity in the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonance cavity; as the overlapped resonance peaks are widened, pulse light having a higher repetition frequency can be inputted as pump light to the first waveguide, so that the number of generated signal light photons and idler light photons increases, and the brightness of the obtained quantum light source relatively increases.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonator and the first waveguide is a first coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is a second coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the second waveguide is a third coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is smaller than the second coupling coefficient and the third coupling coefficient, and the third coupling coefficient is larger than the second coupling coefficient.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the overlapping resonance peaks produce mode splitting, specifically: splitting occurs at the two overlapped resonance peaks, but the two resonance peaks are not completely separated to form a resonance peak with a certain width, and the width of the resonance peak after mode splitting is increased compared with the width of the resonance peak without splitting.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the wavelengths of the signal light and idler light are symmetrical about the wavelength of the pump light;
the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the widened resonance peak; the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are the wavelengths corresponding to the narrow resonance peaks;
the pump light generates resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the signal light wavelength and the idler light wavelength can generate resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and cannot generate resonance in the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
5. The system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first waveguide is in a critical coupling state with the first micro-ring resonator such that after pump light is input to the first waveguide, the pump light is fully coupled into the first micro-ring resonator;
the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are in a critical coupling state, specifically: and adjusting a first coupling coefficient by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide is equal to the sum of the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide, the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
6. The method for improving the brightness of the quantum light source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
inputting pump light into the first waveguide, enabling the pump light to enter the first micro-ring resonant cavity, resonating in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity, spontaneously generating signal light photons and idler frequency light photons, and outputting the signal light photons and idler frequency light photons from the second waveguide to serve as a quantum light source; the first waveguide is coupled with the first micro-ring resonant cavity, the first micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second micro-ring resonant cavity, and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is coupled with the second waveguide;
controlling the radius of the first micro-ring resonant cavity to be N times of the radius of the second micro-ring resonant cavity so that the resonant peak of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the resonant peak of the second micro-ring resonant cavity are not completely overlapped, wherein N is an integer and N is larger than 1;
controlling the distance between the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to control the coupling strength between the two micro-ring resonant cavities, so that the coupling strength is larger than one fourth of the difference between the first loss and the second loss, and controlling the overlapped resonant peaks of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity to generate mode splitting so as to widen the overlapped resonant peaks, and enabling the incompletely overlapped resonant peaks to be distributed in a trend of narrow width; the narrow resonance peak is a resonance peak which is not overlapped with the resonance of the second micro-ring resonance cavity in the resonance peaks of the first micro-ring resonance cavity; setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide as a first loss, and setting the sum of the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide as a second loss;
pulse light having a higher repetition frequency can be input as pump light to the first waveguide so that the number of generated signal light photons and idler light photons is increased, and the brightness of the obtained quantum light source is improved.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonator and the first waveguide is a first coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity is a second coupling coefficient; the coupling coefficient of the second micro-ring resonant cavity and the second waveguide is a third coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is smaller than the second coupling coefficient and the third coupling coefficient, and the third coupling coefficient is larger than the second coupling coefficient.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the overlapping resonance peaks produce mode splitting, in particular: splitting occurs at the two overlapped resonance peaks, but the two resonance peaks are not completely separated to form a resonance peak with a certain width, and the width of the resonance peak after mode splitting is increased compared with the width of the resonance peak without splitting.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the wavelengths of the signal light and idler light are symmetrical about the wavelength of the pump light;
the wavelength of the pump light is the wavelength corresponding to the widened resonance peak; the wavelengths of the signal light and the idler light are the wavelengths corresponding to the narrow resonance peaks;
the pump light generates resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the second micro-ring resonant cavity; the signal light wavelength and the idler light wavelength can generate resonance in the first micro-ring resonant cavity, and cannot generate resonance in the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
10. The method of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first waveguide is controlled to be in a critical coupling state with the first micro-ring resonator such that after pump light is input to the first waveguide, the pump light is fully coupled into the first micro-ring resonator;
the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity are in a critical coupling state, specifically: and adjusting a first coupling coefficient by adjusting the distance between the first waveguide and the first micro-ring resonant cavity, so that the coupling loss introduced by the first waveguide is equal to the sum of the coupling loss introduced by the second waveguide, the intrinsic loss of the first micro-ring resonant cavity and the intrinsic loss of the second micro-ring resonant cavity.
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