CN114675368A - Photonic crystal fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Photonic crystal fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114675368A CN114675368A CN202210232597.7A CN202210232597A CN114675368A CN 114675368 A CN114675368 A CN 114675368A CN 202210232597 A CN202210232597 A CN 202210232597A CN 114675368 A CN114675368 A CN 114675368A
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- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 402
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005383 fluoride glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XHGGEBRKUWZHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tellurate Chemical compound [O-][Te]([O-])(=O)=O XHGGEBRKUWZHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 55
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017000 As2Se3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- SITVSCPRJNYAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L tellurite Chemical compound [O-][Te]([O-])=O SITVSCPRJNYAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
Abstract
The invention relates to a photonic crystal fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the photonic crystal fiber comprises a fiber core, a photonic crystal structure layer surrounding the fiber core and a protective layer surrounding the photonic crystal structure layer, and the photonic crystal fiber is characterized in that: the photonic crystal structure layer only has three or less than three rotational symmetry axes; the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the fiber core, and the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the protective layer. The optical fiber has flexible design capability, can be designed to have the performances of high double-folding, special dispersion, large mode field and the like according to requirements, and is simple to prepare and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fibers, in particular to a photonic crystal fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The photonic crystal fiber is also called a microstructure fiber and generally comprises a fiber core, a photonic crystal layer and a protective layer. In the photonic crystal layer, the regularly arranged micro-regions can effectively adjust the waveguide mode and the characteristics thereof. Photonic crystal fibers can be classified into a band gap type and a total internal reflection type according to the transmission principle. Photonic crystals with defects can allow transmission of light in certain frequency bands, and therefore, the accuracy of photonic crystal structural parameters required by the band gap type photonic crystal fiber is very high. The transmission principle of the total internal reflection photonic crystal fiber is similar to that of the traditional fiber: the refractive index of the fiber core is higher than the effective refractive index of the cladding, so that the total internal reflection transmission of light in the optical fiber can be realized. In the photonic crystal layer, the arrangement mode of the micro-regions has diversity, such as the arrangement mode can be designed into a positive direction, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon and the like; non-circularly symmetric structures (e.g., ellipses) can also be introduced to improve the birefringence characteristics of the fiber. Therefore, compared with the traditional circular symmetry type optical fiber, the photonic crystal structure can provide more flexibility for adjusting the optical fiber performance, and the optical fiber performance such as optical fiber dispersion, nonlinear coefficient and birefringence can be improved more obviously. Photonic crystal fibers have been widely used in the fields of industrial production and scientific research.
One important application of photonic crystal fibers is the flexible tuning of fiber dispersion supercontinuum generation. For example, when the pump pulse is near the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber, the soliton broadening mechanism can be effectively used to realize the maximum broadening of the spectrum. An important problem of obtaining a high output power supercontinuum at present is that in order to realize a high nonlinear coefficient of an optical fiber, the core diameter of the optical fiber is small and high incident power is difficult to bear. In order to solve the problem, an effective way is to develop an optical fiber with a large fiber core, so that the dispersion can be effectively adjusted, and meanwhile, the optical fiber is prevented from being damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photonic crystal fiber and a preparation method thereof, which not only has a reasonable structure and can realize effective regulation and control of fiber dispersion, but also has a larger mode field area than a normal regular hexagonal fiber under the same parameters (photonic crystal period, duty ratio, etc.), and the fiber is easy to prepare.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a photonic crystal fiber, comprising: the optical fiber comprises a fiber core, a photonic crystal structure layer surrounding the fiber core and a protective layer surrounding the photonic crystal structure layer, and is characterized in that: the photonic crystal structure layer only has three or less than three rotational symmetry axes; the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the fiber core, and the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the protective layer.
Further, the photonic crystal fiber comprises a plurality of identical microstructure areas, and the adjacent microstructure areas are mirror-symmetrical.
Further, the photonic crystal structure layer is composed of three or three following identical microstructure regions, and the three or three following identical microstructure regions are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner.
Further, the photonic crystal structure layer is a composite layer, the composite layer includes a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region surrounding the low refractive index region, the refractive index of the low refractive index region is lower than that of the high refractive index region, and the low refractive index region has only a triplet or less rotational symmetry axis.
Furthermore, the photonic crystal structure layer is composed of three identical microstructure areas, and the centers of the low-refractive-index areas in the microstructure areas are arranged according to a regular triangle.
Furthermore, the centers of two adjacent rows of low refractive index areas positioned in different microstructure areas are arranged in a square shape.
Further, in the photonic crystal structure layer, the refractive index of the high refractive index region is equal to or lower than that of the protective layer; the protective layer has a refractive index equal to or greater than a refractive index of the core.
Further, the core is a composite layer including a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region surrounding the low refractive index region, and the low refractive index region has a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index region.
Further, the photonic crystal fiber structure layer is a composite layer;
the refractive index of the low refractive index area of the fiber core is larger than that of the high refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer, or the refractive index of the low refractive index area of the fiber core is equal to that of the low refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer, and the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between the adjacent low refractive index areas is larger than that of the fiber core.
Furthermore, the high-refractive-index regions in the fiber core, the protective layer and the composite layer respectively comprise one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the low refractive index region in the composite layer comprises one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
A preparation method of a photonic crystal fiber comprises the following steps:
S1, manufacturing a first glass rod, a second glass rod and a third glass rod, wherein the first glass rod is used for forming a protective layer, the second glass rod is used for forming a photonic crystal fiber structural layer, and the third glass rod is used for forming a fiber core; the outer diameters of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are the same; the refractive index of the second glass rod is less than that of the third glass rod; the second glass rod has a refractive index less than the refractive index of the first glass rod;
step S2, forming a primary preform in the sleeve mold, wherein the primary preform comprises a third glass rod, a second glass rod and a first glass rod which are arranged from inside to outside, and the second glass rod in the preform only has triple and below-triple rotational symmetry axes;
step S3, removing the sleeve mold to obtain an optical fiber preform;
and step S4, removing the sleeve mold, and drawing the optical fiber preform into optical fiber.
Further, forming a primary preform in a sleeve mold, comprising: selecting one of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod as a candidate glass rod, and the other two glass rods as substitute glass rods; lining up the sleeve mold with the candidate glass rod; and respectively replacing the corresponding candidate glass rods by the replacing glass rods to obtain the initial prefabricated rods.
Further, the second glass rod is used as a candidate glass rod, and the first glass rod and the third glass rod are used as substitute glass rods; lining up the sleeve mold with the candidate glass rod comprises: arranging P layers of second low-refractive-index glass rods in the sleeve mold in a close-packed mode; respectively replacing the respective candidate glass rods with the substitute glass rods comprises: replacing the second glass rod of the outermost Q layer with the first glass rod; a third glass rod is used in place of the central one or more second glass rods.
Further, the second glass rod is a composite slim rod, the composite slim rod comprises a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, the refractive index of the core layer is smaller than that of the cladding layer, and the refractive index of the core layer of the second glass rod is smaller than that of the third glass rod; the second glass rod cladding has a refractive index less than or equal to the refractive index of the first glass rod.
Further, the third glass rod is a composite rod, and the composite rod comprises: the optical waveguide comprises a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is smaller than that of the cladding layer.
Further, the method of forming the composite slim rod comprises: forming a hollow glass tube; filling a low-refractive-index material in the hollow glass tube to form a composite rod, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-index material is smaller than that of the hollow glass; drawing said composite rod to reduce the diameter of said composite rod to form said composite slim rod, said hollow glass tube forming said cladding layer, said low refractive index material forming said core layer;
Or the material of the core layer is air, and the method for forming the composite slim rod comprises the following steps: forming a hollow glass tube; and drawing the hollow glass tube into the composite slim rod, wherein the composite slim rod is a hollow glass rod.
Further, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are both composite thin rods, and each composite thin rod comprises: a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, the core layer having a refractive index less than that of the cladding layer;
the core refractive index of the second glass rod is smaller than that of the third glass rod, or the core refractive index of the second glass rod is equal to that of the third glass rod, and the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod is larger than that of the core layer of the third glass rod.
Further, P is more than or equal to 5; q is more than or equal to 2 and less than P; the outer diameters d of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 0.5-3 mm; the lengths L of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 5-20 cm; the second glass rod is a composite layer, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod to the outer diameter of the second glass rod is 0.2-0.9.
Further, the cross section of the sleeve die is in a regular hexagon shape; the relationship between the diagonal length D of the sleeve mold and the outer diameters D of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod is D = (2 m + 0.25) D, wherein m is a positive integer.
Further, the materials of the first glass rod, the third glass rod and the core layer all comprise one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the core layer is made of one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:
according to the technical scheme, the photonic crystal structure layer only has the triple rotational symmetry axis or the rotational symmetry axis below the triple rotational symmetry axis, so that the optical fiber dispersion can be effectively regulated, compared with a common regular hexagonal optical fiber, the optical fiber has the advantages that the mode field area is larger under the same parameters (the period, the duty ratio and the like of the photonic crystal), and the optical fiber is easy to prepare.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a primary preform of a first embodiment of a method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal fiber according to a first embodiment of the method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a primary preform of a second embodiment of a method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal fiber according to a second embodiment of the method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows confinement losses of a fundamental mode and a first higher-order mode of a photonic crystal fiber according to a second embodiment of the method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a primary preform of a third embodiment of a method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photonic crystal fiber according to a third embodiment of the method of fabricating a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the distribution of optical field intensity of a photonic crystal fiber according to a third embodiment of the method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-sleeve mold, 2-gap, 3-first glass rod, 4-second glass rod, 5-third glass rod, 11-protective layer, 21-low refractive index region of photonic crystal structure layer, 22-high refractive index region of photonic crystal structure layer, 31-low refractive index region of fiber core, 32-high refractive index region of fiber core, and 33-fiber core.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a manufacturing method of a photonic crystal fiber, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: manufacturing a first glass rod, a second glass rod and a third glass rod, wherein the first glass rod is used for forming a cladding, the second glass rod is used for forming a photonic crystal fiber structure layer, and the third glass rod is used for forming a fiber core; the diameters of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are the same; the refractive index of the second glass rod is less than that of the third glass rod; the second glass rod has a refractive index less than the refractive index of the first glass rod;
step S2: forming a primary preform in a sleeve mold, the primary preform comprising a layer of third glass rods, second glass rods and first glass rods arranged from the inside to the outside, the arrangement of the second glass rods in the preform having only three and less than three rotational symmetry axes;
step S3: removing the sleeve mold to obtain an optical fiber preform;
step S4: and removing the sleeve mold, and drawing the optical fiber preform into an optical fiber.
The following describes a method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
Example one
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of steps of an embodiment of a photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, step S1 is performed to manufacture a first glass rod 3, a second glass rod 4 and a third glass rod 5, wherein the first glass rod 3 is used to form a cladding, the second glass rod 4 is used to form a photonic crystal fiber structure layer, and the third glass rod 5 is used to form a core; the diameters of the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 are the same; the refractive index of the second glass rod 4 is less than that of the third glass rod 5; the refractive index of the second glass rod 4 is smaller than that of the first glass rod 3;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the first glass rod 3 is the same as the third glass rod 5. The refractive index of the first glass rod 3 is equal to the refractive index of the third glass rod 5. In other embodiments, the refractive index of the first glass rod 3 may not be the same as the refractive index of the third glass rod 5.
The method of making the first, second, or third glass rod 3, 4, or 5 comprises: preparing a glass capillary rod; and cutting the glass capillary rod into glass rods with the same length.
In this embodiment, the second glass rod 4 is a composite slim rod including a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, and the refractive index of the core layer is smaller than that of the cladding layer.
It should be noted that when the glass rod is made of a plurality of materials, the refractive index of the glass rod refers to the equivalent refractive index of the glass rod. Specifically, in this embodiment, the refractive index of the second glass rod 4 is an equivalent refractive index of the core layer and the clad layer.
The material of the first glass rod 3 comprises one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the material of the third glass rod 5 comprises one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass;
in this embodiment, the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 are made of chalcogenide glass, and specifically, the first glass rod 3 and the third glass rod 5 are made of As2Se3。
In this embodiment, the clad layer of the second glass rod 4 is made of the same material as that of the first glass rod 3. In other embodiments, the cladding of second glass rod 4 may be of a different material than the material of first glass rod 3.
Specifically, the core layer of the second glass rod 4 is made of germanium-doped chalcogenide glass, specifically Ge 11.5As24Se64.5(ii) a The cladding of the second glass rod 4 is made of As2Se3。
In the method of producing the first glass rod 3 and the third glass, producing glass capillary rods each comprises: pouring the glass material into a round bar by adopting a pouring method; and drawing the round rod by using a drawing tower, reducing the diameter of the round rod and forming the glass capillary rod.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the round rod is 8 mm-12 mm, and the length of the round rod is 180 mm-230 mm; specifically, the diameter of round rod is 10mm, the diameter of round rod is 200 mm.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the glass capillary rod is 0.8 mm-1.2 mm, and specifically, the diameter of the glass capillary rod is 1 mm.
In the step of cutting the glass capillary rod into glass rods with the same length, the length of each glass rod is 150-230 mm, and specifically the length of each glass rod is 200 mm.
In this embodiment, the second glass rod 4 is a composite thin rod, and the method for forming the second glass rod 4 includes: forming a hollow glass tube; filling a low-refractive-index material in the hollow glass tube to form a composite rod, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-index material is smaller than that of the hollow glass; and drawing the composite rod, reducing the diameter of the composite rod to form a composite thin rod, forming the cladding layer by using the hollow glass tube, and forming the core layer by using the low-refractive-index material.
The hollow glass tube is made of As2Se3Glass; the low refractive index material is Ge11.5As24Se64.5。
The process for forming the hollow glass tube is a pouring method. Drawing the hollow glass tube filled with the low refractive index material into the second glass rod 4 includes: and pouring the low-refractive-index material in the hollow glass tube by a pouring method.
Drawing a composite rod into the second glass rod 4 comprises: the composite rod is cooled and then fixed to a drawing tower; the composite rod is drawn through a draw tower to reduce its diameter to form a second glass rod 4.
The outer diameters d of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 0.5-3 mm; the lengths L of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 5-20 cm; the second glass rod is a composite layer, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod to the outer diameter of the second glass rod is 0.2-0.9.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod is 8mm to 13mm, specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube is 10 mm; the internal diameter of hollow glass pipe is 6mm ~9mm, specifically, the internal diameter of hollow glass pipe is 8 mm. The ratio of the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod to the outer diameter of the second glass rod was 0.8.
The diameter of the second glass rod 4 is 0.8 mm-1.3 mm, and specifically, the diameter of the second glass rod 4 is 1 mm. The length of the second glass rod 4 is 150 mm-230 mm, and specifically, the length of the second glass rod 4 is 200 mm.
With continued reference to fig. 1, step S2 is performed to form a primary preform in the sleeve mold 1, the primary preform including the third glass rod 5, the second glass rod 4 and the first glass rod 3 arranged from the inside to the outside, the preform having the second glass rod 4 arranged with only three and less than three rotational symmetry axes.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the sleeve mold 1 is a regular hexagon. In other embodiments, the sleeve mold 1 is square in cross-section. The third glass rod 5, the second glass rod 4 and the first glass rod 3 are arranged to form the gap 2.
The second glass rod 4 of the primary preform is composed of three or more following identical microstructured regions arranged in a centrosymmetric manner. Specifically, in this embodiment, the second glass rod 4 of the primary preform is composed of three identical microstructure regions, and the centers of the second glass rods 4 in the microstructure regions are arranged in a regular triangle. The centers of two adjacent rows of second glass rods 4 positioned in different microstructure areas are arranged in a square shape.
Specifically, forming the preform in the sleeve mold 1 includes: selecting one of the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 as a candidate glass rod, and the other two as substitute glass rods; arranging the candidate glass rods in the whole sleeve mold 1; and respectively replacing the corresponding candidate glass rods by the replacing glass rods to obtain the initial prefabricated rods.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the sleeve mold 1 is a regular hexagon; in other embodiments, the sleeve die 1 is square in cross-section. The number of the microstructure areas is two.
The relationship between the diagonal length D of the sleeve mold 1 and the outer diameters D of the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 is D = (2 m + 0.25) D with a tolerance ± 0.25D, wherein m is a positive integer.
The second glass rod 4 is used as a candidate glass rod, and the first glass rod 3 and the third glass rod 5 are used as substitute glass rods; lining up the candidate glass rod throughout the sleeve mold 1 comprises: arranging P layers of second low-refractive-index glass rods in the sleeve mold 1 in a close-packed manner; replacing respective candidate glass rods with the substitute glass rods comprises: replacing the second glass rod 4 of the outermost Q layer with the first glass rod 3; a third glass rod 5 is used instead of the central one or more second glass rods 4.
Wherein, P is more than or equal to 5; q is more than or equal to 2 but less than P; the outer diameters d of the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 are all 0.5-3 mm; the lengths L of the first glass rod 3, the second glass rod 4 and the third glass rod 5 are all 5-20 cm; the ratio of the diameter of the core layer in the second glass rod 4 to the diameter of the second glass rod 4 is 0.2-0.9. Specifically, in this embodiment, P =20 and Q = 8.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, three third glass rods 5 are used instead of the central one-layer second glass rod 4.
Referring to fig. 2, step S3 is executed to remove the sleeve mold 1 and obtain an optical fiber preform.
Removing the sleeve mold 1 to obtain the optical fiber preform includes: sintering and annealing the sleeve mold 1 provided with the initial preform, and removing the sleeve mold 1 to obtain an optical fiber preform; the sintering temperature is lower than the glass softening point of the primary preform.
The glass softening point of the primary preform is 30-100 ℃.
With continued reference to fig. 2, step S4 is performed to draw the optical fiber preform into an optical fiber after the sleeve mold 1 is removed.
Drawing the optical fiber preform into an optical fiber includes: fixing the optical fiber preform to a drawing tower; and drawing the optical fiber preform into the photonic crystal optical fiber through a drawing tower.
The diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 123 μm; the dispersion of the photonic crystal fiber is in a wave band of 4 mu m to 9 mu m from-10 ps/(km nm) to-30 ps/(km n)m) is varied within a range; the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at the wavelength of 9 μm is 70 μm2~90μm2(ii) a Specifically, the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at the wavelength of 9 μm is 81.57 μm2。
After the optical fiber preform is drawn into the photonic crystal fiber, the cladding of the second glass rod 4 forms the high refractive index region 22 of the photonic crystal structure layer of the photonic crystal fiber, the core of the second glass rod 4 forms the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer of the photonic crystal fiber, the first glass rod 3 forms the protective layer 11 of the photonic crystal structure layer, and the third glass rod 5 forms the fiber core 33 of the photonic crystal fiber.
In this embodiment, the first glass rod, the third glass rod and the second glass rod have the same cladding material, and after the optical fiber preform is drawn into the photonic crystal optical fiber, the first glass rod, the third glass rod and the second glass rod cladding layer are fused together to form a background material.
Example two
Fig. 3 to 5 are schematic structural diagrams of two steps of a manufacturing method of a photonic crystal fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The same parts of this embodiment as those in the embodiments shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 are not described herein again, and the differences include:
in this embodiment, the material of the first glass rod 3 and the third glass rod 5 is quartz. The core layer of the second glass rod 4 is air, and the cladding layer of the second glass rod 4 is quartz.
In the present embodiment, the method of forming the second glass rod 4 includes: forming a hollow glass tube; drawing the hollow glass tube into the second glass rod 4, wherein the second glass rod 4 is a hollow glass rod.
The outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 22mm to 28mm, and specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 25 mm. The inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 17mm to 21mm, and specifically, the inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 17.5 mm.
The third glass rod 5 is a composite thin rod, and the composite thin rod comprises: the optical waveguide comprises a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is smaller than that of the cladding layer.
The material of the core layer of the third glass rod 5 comprises one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
Specifically, the core material of the third glass rod 5 is the same as the core material of the second glass rod 4, and the clad material of the third glass rod 5 is the same as the clad material of the second glass rod 4. The outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the core layer of the third glass rod 5.
Specifically, the core layer of the third glass rod 5 is air, and the method for forming the composite slim rod includes: forming a hollow glass tube; and drawing the hollow glass tube into the composite slim rod, wherein the composite slim rod is a hollow glass rod.
In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is the same as the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4.
The outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 22mm to 28mm, and specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 25 mm. The inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 8mm to 13mm, and specifically, the inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 10 mm.
In this embodiment, the loss curve of the formed photonic crystal fiber is shown in fig. 5, the photonic crystal fiber has a single mode characteristic in a range of 3 μm to 1.6 μm, and the fundamental mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at a wavelength of 0.75 μm is 1 μm 2-3μm2(ii) a Specifically, the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at the wavelength of 0.75 μm is 2.12 μm2. The diameter of the photonic crystal fiber is 41 μm.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 6 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams of a third embodiment of a method for manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6 to fig. 8, the same parts of this embodiment and the second embodiment are not repeated herein, and the differences include:
in the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 22mm to 28mm, and specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 25 mm. The inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 10mm to 15mm, and specifically, the inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 12.5 mm.
In the present example, the core refractive index of the third glass rod 5 is greater than the core refractive index of the second glass rod 4; the cladding refractive index of the third glass rod 5 is greater than or equal to the cladding refractive index of the second glass rod 4, specifically, the cladding refractive index of the third glass rod 5 is equal to the cladding refractive index of the second glass rod 4, the cladding material of the third glass rod 5 is quartz, and the core material of the third glass rod 5 is germania-doped quartz glass. The doping concentration of the core layer of the third glass rod 5 is 20-40%, and specifically, the core layer material of the third glass rod 5 is 30% of germania-doped quartz glass.
The third glass rod 5 is a composite slim rod, and the step of forming the third glass rod 5 includes: forming a hollow glass tube; filling a low-refractive-index material in the hollow glass tube to form a composite rod, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-index material is smaller than that of the hollow glass; and drawing the composite rod, reducing the diameter of the composite rod to form a composite slim rod, forming the cladding layer by using the hollow glass tube, and forming the core layer by using the low-refractive-index material.
The low refractive index material is 30% germanium oxide doped quartz glass.
The inner and outer diameters of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 are the same as those of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4.
Specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 22 mm-28 mm, and specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the third glass rod 5 is 25 mm. The inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 10mm to 15mm, and specifically, the inner diameter of the hollow glass tube forming the second glass rod 4 is 12.5 mm.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the intensity distribution of the optical field in a cross section of a photonic crystal fiber. In the embodiment, the diameter of the formed photonic crystal fiber is 100-130 μm; specifically, the diameter of the photonic crystal fiber formed in this example is 116 μm, and the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at a wavelength of 1.06 μm is 12 μm 2~15μm2(ii) a Specifically, the photonic crystal fiber has a mode field area of 13.6 μm at a wavelength of 1.06 μm2。
The embodiment of the invention also provides a photonic crystal fiber, which comprises a fiber core, a photonic crystal structure layer surrounding the fiber core and a protective layer surrounding the photonic crystal structure layer, and is characterized in that: the photonic crystal structure layer only has triple or less than triple rotational symmetry axes; the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the fiber core, and the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the protective layer.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal fiber according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the photonic crystal fiber includes a core 33, a photonic crystal structure layer surrounding the core 33, and a protective layer 11 surrounding the photonic crystal structure layer, wherein: the photonic crystal structure layer only has three or less than three rotational symmetry axes; the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the fiber core 33, and the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the protective layer 11.
In this embodiment, the photonic crystal fiber is formed by the method of the embodiment of the photonic crystal fiber manufacturing method.
The photonic crystal fiber comprises a plurality of identical microstructure areas, and the adjacent microstructure areas are in mirror symmetry.
The photonic crystal structure layer is composed of three or three following same microstructure areas, and the three or three following same microstructure areas are arranged in a central symmetry mode. Specifically, in this embodiment, the photonic crystal structure layer is formed by three identical microstructure regions. In other embodiments, the photonic crystal structure layer is composed of two identical microstructure regions.
The photonic crystal structure layer is a composite layer including a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region 22 surrounding the low refractive index region 21, and the refractive index of the low refractive index region 21 is lower than the refractive index of the high refractive index region 22. The low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer has only a triplet and no more than a triplet rotational symmetry axis.
The photonic crystal structure layer only has triple or below-triple rotational symmetry axes, so that the dispersion of the optical fiber can be effectively regulated, compared with a common regular hexagonal optical fiber, the optical fiber has larger mode field area under the same parameters (photonic crystal period, duty ratio and the like), and the optical fiber is easy to prepare.
In this embodiment, the centers of the low refractive index regions 21 in the microstructure region are arranged in a regular triangle; the centers of two adjacent rows of low refractive index regions 21 located in different microstructure regions are arranged in a square shape.
The number of layers with low refractive index in the photonic crystal structure layer is 4-7, and specifically, the number of layers with low refractive index in the photonic crystal structure layer is 5.
In the photonic crystal structure layer, the refractive index of the high refractive index region 22 is equal to or lower than that of the protective layer; the refractive index of the protective layer 11 is equal to or greater than the refractive index of the core 33. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the refractive index of the high refractive index region 22 is equal to the refractive index of the protective layer 11; the refractive index of the protective layer 11 is equal to the refractive index of the core 33.
The fiber core 33, the protective layer 11 and the high refractive index region 22 in the photonic crystal structure layer comprise one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurite glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the low refractive index region 21 comprises one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass, or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the material of the fiber core 33, the protective layer 11 and the photonic crystal structure layer is chalcogenide glass. The material of the fiber core 33 and the protective layer 11 is As2Se3(ii) a The material of the low refractive index region 21 in the photonic crystal structure layer is germanium-doped chalcogenide glass, Ge11.5As24Se64.5。
In this embodiment, the low refractive index region 21 is circular, and a ratio between a diameter of the low refractive index region 21 and a center distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is 0.6 to 0.85, specifically, the ratio is 0.8.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the fiber core is 110-135 μm, specifically, the diameter of the fiber core is 123 μm, and the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at the wavelength of 9 μm is 70 μm2~90μm2(ii) a Specifically, the mode field area of the photonic crystal fiber at the wavelength of 9 μm is 81.57 μm2。
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
The same parts of this embodiment as the first embodiment of the photonic crystal fiber are not described herein again, and the differences include:
the photonic crystal fiber of the present embodiment is formed by the preparation method of the photonic crystal fiber of the present embodiment.
In this embodiment, the material of the protective layer 11 is quartz; the core is also a cladding layer. The composite layer includes a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region surrounding the low refractive index region, the low refractive index region having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index region.
In this embodiment, the refractive index of the low refractive index region 31 of the core is equal to that of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer, and the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is greater than that of the core.
The refractive index of the high refractive index region 22 of the photonic crystal structure layer is less than or equal to the refractive index of the protective layer 11. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the refractive index of the high refractive index region 22 of the photonic crystal structure layer is equal to the refractive index of the protective layer 11.
The high refractive index region 22 of the photonic crystal structure layer is made of quartz; the material of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer is air. The material of the high index core region 32 is quartz; the material of the low index region 31 of the core is air.
In this embodiment, a ratio of a diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to a distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is 0.65 to 0.75, and specifically, a ratio of a diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to a distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is 0.7.
The ratio of the diameter of the core low refractive index region 31 to the pitch of the adjacent low refractive index regions 31 is 0.35 to 0.45, and specifically, the ratio of the diameter of the core low refractive index region 31 to the pitch of the adjacent low refractive index regions 31 is 0.4.
The core low refractive index regions 31 are circular, and the number of the core low refractive index regions 31 is 3. In other embodiments, the number of low index regions 31 may be greater than 3, such as 12.
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a photonic crystal fiber according to the present invention.
The same points of this embodiment as those of the second embodiment of the photonic crystal fiber are not described herein again, but the differences include:
the photonic crystal fiber of the present example was formed by the preparation method of the photonic crystal fiber of the third example.
In this embodiment, the refractive index of the low refractive index region 31 in the core is greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index region 21 in the photonic crystal structure layer. Specifically, the material of the low refractive index region 31 in the core is germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, specifically 30% germanium oxide-doped quartz glass.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is equal to the core.
Specifically, the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is 0.45-0.55, and specifically, the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index region 21 of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between adjacent low refractive index regions 21 is 0.5; the ratio of the diameter of the core low refractive index region 31 to the pitch of the adjacent low refractive index regions 31 is 0.45 to 0.55, and specifically, the ratio of the diameter of the core low refractive index region 31 to the pitch of the adjacent low refractive index regions 31 is 0.5.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any other photonic crystal fiber and its manufacturing method can be obtained in various forms according to the teaching of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. A photonic crystal fiber, comprising:
the optical fiber comprises a fiber core, a photonic crystal structure layer surrounding the fiber core and a protective layer surrounding the photonic crystal structure layer, and is characterized in that: the photonic crystal structure layer only has triple or less than triple rotational symmetry axes; the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the fiber core, and the refractive index of the photonic crystal structure layer is smaller than that of the protective layer.
2. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 1, wherein: the photonic crystal fiber comprises a plurality of identical microstructure areas, and the adjacent microstructure areas are in mirror symmetry.
3. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 1, wherein: the photonic crystal structure layer is composed of three or three following same microstructure regions which are arranged in a centrosymmetric mode.
4. The photonic crystal fiber according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the photonic crystal structure layer is a composite layer, the composite layer comprises a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region surrounding the low refractive index region, the refractive index of the low refractive index region is lower than that of the high refractive index region, and the low refractive index region only has three and less than three rotational symmetry axes.
5. The photonic crystal fiber according to claim 4, wherein: the photonic crystal structure layer is composed of three identical microstructure areas, and the centers of low-refractive-index areas in the microstructure areas are arranged according to a regular triangle.
6. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 5, wherein: the centers of two adjacent rows of low refractive index areas positioned in different microstructure areas are arranged in a square shape.
7. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 4, wherein: in the photonic crystal structure layer, the refractive index of the high-refractive-index region is equal to or lower than that of the protective layer; the protective layer has a refractive index equal to or greater than a refractive index of the core.
8. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 1, wherein: the core is a composite layer including a low refractive index region and a high refractive index region surrounding the low refractive index region, the low refractive index region having a refractive index lower than that of the high refractive index region.
9. The photonic crystal fiber of claim 8, wherein: the photonic crystal fiber structure layer is a composite layer;
the refractive index of the low refractive index area of the fiber core is larger than that of the high refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer, or the refractive index of the low refractive index area of the fiber core is equal to that of the low refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer, and the ratio of the diameter of the low refractive index area of the photonic crystal structure layer to the distance between the adjacent low refractive index areas is larger than that of the fiber core.
10. The photonic crystal fiber according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein: the high-refractive-index regions in the fiber core, the protective layer and the composite layer respectively comprise one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the low refractive index region in the composite layer comprises one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
11. A method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
Manufacturing a first glass rod, a second glass rod and a third glass rod, wherein the first glass rod is used for forming a protective layer, the second glass rod is used for forming a photonic crystal fiber structure layer, and the third glass rod is used for forming a fiber core; the outer diameters of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are the same; the refractive index of the second glass rod is less than that of the third glass rod; the second glass rod has a refractive index less than the refractive index of the first glass rod;
forming a primary preform in a sleeve mold, the primary preform including a third glass rod, a second glass rod and a first glass rod arranged from the inside to the outside, the arrangement of the second glass rod in the preform having only a triple and below triple rotational symmetry axis;
removing the sleeve mold to obtain an optical fiber preform;
and removing the sleeve mold, and drawing the optical fiber preform into an optical fiber.
12. The method of making a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 11, wherein forming a primary preform in a sleeve mold comprises: selecting one of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod as a candidate glass rod, and the other two glass rods as substitute glass rods; lining up the sleeve mold with the candidate glass rod; and respectively replacing the corresponding candidate glass rods by the replacing glass rods to obtain the initial prefabricated rods.
13. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 12, wherein the second glass rod is used as a candidate glass rod, and the first glass rod and the third glass rod are used as substitute glass rods; lining up the sleeve mold with the candidate glass rod comprises: arranging P layers of second low-refractive-index glass rods in the sleeve mold in a close-packed mode; replacing respective candidate glass rods with the substitute glass rods comprises: replacing the second glass rod of the outermost Q layer with the first glass rod; a third glass rod is used in place of the central one or more second glass rods.
14. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 11, wherein the second glass rod is a composite slim rod, the composite slim rod comprises a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, the core layer has a refractive index less than that of the cladding layer, and the core layer of the second glass rod has a refractive index less than that of the third glass rod; the second glass rod cladding has a refractive index less than or equal to the refractive index of the first glass rod.
15. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 11, wherein the third glass rod is a composite slim rod comprising: the optical waveguide comprises a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is smaller than that of the cladding layer.
16. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the method of forming the composite slim rod comprises: forming a hollow glass tube; filling a low-refractive-index material in the hollow glass tube to form a composite rod, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-index material is smaller than that of the hollow glass; drawing said composite rod to reduce the diameter of said composite rod to form said composite slim rod, said hollow glass tube forming said cladding layer, said low refractive index material forming said core layer;
or the material of the core layer is air, and the method for forming the composite slim rod comprises the following steps: forming a hollow glass tube; and drawing the hollow glass tube into the composite slim rod, wherein the composite slim rod is a hollow glass rod.
17. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to claim 11, wherein: the second glass rod and the third glass rod are both composite thin rods, and each composite thin rod comprises: a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, the core layer having a refractive index less than that of the cladding layer;
the core refractive index of the second glass rod is smaller than that of the third glass rod, or the core refractive index of the second glass rod is equal to that of the third glass rod, and the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod is larger than that of the core layer of the third glass rod.
18. The method of manufacturing according to claim 13, wherein: p is more than or equal to 5; q is more than or equal to 2 and less than P; the outer diameters d of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 0.5-3 mm; the lengths L of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod are all 5-20 cm; the second glass rod is a composite layer, and the ratio of the outer diameter of the core layer of the second glass rod to the outer diameter of the second glass rod is 0.2-0.9.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein: the cross section of the sleeve die is in a regular hexagon shape; the relationship between the diagonal length D of the sleeve mold and the outer diameters D of the first glass rod, the second glass rod and the third glass rod is D = (2 m + 0.25) D, wherein m is a positive integer.
20. The method of manufacturing a photonic crystal fiber according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein: the materials of the first glass rod, the third glass rod and the core layer respectively comprise one or more of quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or chalcogenide glass; the core layer is made of one or more of air, germanium oxide-doped quartz glass, phosphate glass, silicate glass, tellurate glass, fluoride glass or germanium-doped chalcogenide glass.
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