CN114674872A - Shale gas ultrahigh-pressure blasting experimental device and method - Google Patents

Shale gas ultrahigh-pressure blasting experimental device and method Download PDF

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CN114674872A
CN114674872A CN202210259663.XA CN202210259663A CN114674872A CN 114674872 A CN114674872 A CN 114674872A CN 202210259663 A CN202210259663 A CN 202210259663A CN 114674872 A CN114674872 A CN 114674872A
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explosion
cavity
data acquisition
laser
blasting
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宋正昶
周桓宇
陈委
彭林
王尚
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
    • G01N25/54—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility by determining explosibility
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general

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Abstract

The invention discloses a shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device and a method, wherein a blasting cavity of the experimental device is a hollow container, and sealing rings are fixed at two ends of the blasting cavity; the spiral barrier is detachably arranged in the cavity of the acceleration section; the gas distribution cabinet mixes the compressed air and methane and sends the mixed gas into the cavity of the acceleration section; the vacuum pump is connected with the blasting cavity and used for pumping the blasting cavity into a vacuum state; the ignition device is used for ignition in a blasting experiment; a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor of the data acquisition and analysis device are arranged in the blasting cavity; the signal device penetrates through the detonation chamber through laser flow and transmits a signal to the data acquisition mechanism; the data acquisition mechanism transmits a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and a laser signal received by the laser detector to the computer, analyzes the explosion process through a TDLS system arranged in the computer, and measures the temperature of a combustion field, the concentration of components, the velocity of a flow field and the explosion motion track.

Description

Shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale gas exploitation, in particular to a shale gas ultrahigh pressure combustion and explosion experimental device and method.
Background
The shale gas in-situ combustion-explosion fracturing technology utilizes shale gas in-situ combustion-explosion fracturing of the shale gas in the shale gas reservoir to promote shale gas exploitation, is a subversive technology in the field of shale gas exploitation, and compared with hydraulic fracturing, combustion-explosion fracturing can save a large amount of water resources, reduce pollution to the environment and improve shale gas exploitation efficiency and economy. The shale gas in-situ combustion and explosion fracturing technology is a brand-new technology, and although relevant research data of gas combustion and explosion characteristics exist, the research on the combustion and explosion characteristics of shale gas in a shale storage layer under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure is very little, so that the development of the shale gas in-situ combustion and explosion characteristic research is of great significance.
In order to research the in-situ combustion and explosion characteristics of the shale gas, the invention designs the ultrahigh-pressure combustion and explosion experiment system device of the shale gas according to the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the shale reservoir, can simulate the in-situ combustion and explosion process of the shale gas in the reservoir, and is used for researching the combustion and explosion characteristics of the shale gas, the propagation process of combustion and explosion pressure waves and flame waves, the structure of the flame waves and the like.
In the prior art, although no special shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experiment system device exists, the basic functions of the blasting experiment system can be realized by adopting the superposition assembly of some devices. In the prior art, a fixed baffle is generally arranged in a blasting cavity tube to be used as an obstacle, and an optical fiber sensor or a thermocouple is used for collecting temperature signals to determine flame propagation characteristics; the pressure sensor adopts a piezoelectric sensor; the structure of the combustion and explosion cavity is generally sealed by a flange.
The existing blasting device is not specially designed for shale gas in-situ blasting, although the existing blasting device can be used reluctantly, the existing blasting device has the following very obvious defects:
1. the explosion chamber of the existing experimental device adopts a single-cylinder type container, and the sealing is generally sealed by a flange, so that the explosion chamber cannot bear the ultrahigh pressure of 200MPa or more due to the single-thin cylinder wall and a simple sealing mode;
2. because the temperature of the gas in the container is very high after explosion, the temperature difference between the gas and the outside is large, and great thermal stress can be formed, so that the service life of the experimental device is short; in the prior art, a single-cylinder container is mostly adopted as an experimental device, and the structure only increases the strength by increasing the wall thickness and cannot solve the problem of thermal stress caused by temperature difference; the prior art does not consider the problem of noise elimination after explosion venting of high-temperature and high-pressure gas after explosion;
3. the fixed barriers arranged in the blasting cavity pipe are fixed with the flow channel, so that the effect of the barriers with different shapes and sizes on blasting acceleration cannot be explored;
4. the test device in the prior art only uses a thermocouple and other contact sensors, and cannot observe the explosion motion track in the pipe.
Therefore, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device and method, wherein a multilayer shrinkage sleeve type blasting cavity is used for eliminating the influence of high temperature thermal stress, so that the high temperature and high pressure conditions of equipment are met; the combustion field temperature, component concentration, flow field velocity and explosive motion trajectory were measured using a TDLS system and fumigation technique.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a shale gas superhigh pressure explodes experimental apparatus, includes high-pressure vessel device, distribution device, ignition, data acquisition analytical equipment, signal device.
The high-pressure container device comprises a blasting cavity, a sealing ring and a barrier; the explosion chamber is a hollow container, and sealing rings are fixed at two ends of the explosion chamber; the explosion chamber comprises an acceleration section chamber and an explosion section chamber, and the acceleration section chamber and the explosion section chamber are connected through a clamp; the barrier is arranged in the cavity of the acceleration section; the barrier is in a spiral shape and is detachably connected with the cavity of the acceleration section.
The gas distribution device comprises a gas distribution cabinet and a vacuum pump; one end of the distribution cabinet is provided with two pipeline interfaces for respectively inputting compressed air and methane; the other end of the gas distribution cabinet is connected to the acceleration section cavity; the gas distribution cabinet mixes the compressed air and methane and sends the mixed gas into the cavity of the acceleration section; the vacuum pump is connected with the blasting cavity and used for pumping the blasting cavity into a vacuum state.
The ignition device comprises a spark plug and an igniter; the spark plug penetrates through the sealing ring and is embedded in the cavity of the acceleration section; the spark plug is connected with one end of the igniter, and the other end of the igniter is connected to the data acquisition and analysis device.
The data acquisition and analysis device comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a data acquisition mechanism and a computer; the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the explosion section cavity, and transmit pressure and temperature signals in the explosion section cavity to the data acquisition mechanism; the data acquisition mechanism is connected with the computer.
The signal device comprises a signal generator, a laser controller, a laser detector and a phase-locked amplifier; one end of the signal generator is connected with the computer, and the other end of the signal generator is connected with the laser controller; the laser controller emits laser flow after receiving a signal sent by the signal generator, the laser flow penetrates through a sealing ring at one end of the blasting cavity, enters the blasting cavity, sequentially penetrates through an acceleration section cavity and an explosion section cavity of the blasting cavity, penetrates out of a sealing ring at the other end of the blasting cavity and is received by a laser detector arranged at the end part of the blasting cavity; the laser detector transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism through the lock-in amplifier.
The data acquisition mechanism transmits a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and a laser signal received by the laser detector to the computer, and analyzes the explosion process through a TDLS system arranged in the computer.
Further preferably, the structure of the explosion chamber uses a multilayer shrink sleeve type; when the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than 100MPa and less than 300MPa, a two-layer shrinkage sleeve type is adopted; when the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than or equal to 300MPa and less than 800MPa, a three-layer shrinkage sleeve type is used.
Further preferably, the blasting chamber is made of 30CrNi5MoV material.
Further preferably, the sealing ring uses a double cone ring seal.
Further preferably, the end of the explosion section cavity of the explosion-proof cavity is covered with a convex explosion-proof film; the end part of the explosion section cavity body is also connected with an explosion venting cavity; and a silencer is fixed on the explosion venting cavity.
Further preferably, the air distribution device further comprises a plunger pump and an oil bath heater; the plunger pump and the oil bath heater are arranged on a pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet and the acceleration section cavity; the plunger pump is used for pressurizing the mixed gas; the oil bath heater is used for heating the mixed gas;
a flame arrester is also arranged on the pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet and the cavity of the acceleration section.
Further preferably, the plunger pump pressurizes the mixed gas to 5 Mpa; the oil bath heater heated the mixed gas to 400K.
Further preferably, the ignition device further comprises a timer; the timer is connected with the igniter to control the ignition time; the timer is also connected to the data acquisition mechanism. And feeding back the time information to a data acquisition mechanism.
Further preferably, the signal device further comprises an optical fiber attenuator and an optical fiber collimator; the optical fiber attenuator and the optical fiber collimator are arranged between the laser controller and the blasting cavity; the optical fiber attenuator attenuates the power of the input laser flow, and avoids the distortion generated by the receiving of a laser detector due to the overlarge input optical power; the fiber collimator converts the input laser beam into collimated light.
The shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experiment method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling an experimental device:
step 1-1, assembling a high-pressure container device: the explosion combustion cavity adopts a three-layer shrinkage sleeve type cavity, and the acceleration section cavity and the explosion section cavity are connected through a hoop; a spiral barrier is placed in the cavity of the acceleration section; a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor in the cavity of the explosion section are connected to a data acquisition mechanism; two ends of the explosion chamber are sealed by a double-cone ring;
step 1-2, installing an ignition device: embedding the spark plug into the cavity of the acceleration section through the sealing ring; the spark plug is connected with one end of the igniter, and the other end of the igniter is connected to the data acquisition and analysis device; a timer is arranged between the igniter and the data acquisition mechanism;
step 1-3, installing a data acquisition and analysis device: a computer, a signal generator, a laser controller, an optical fiber attenuator and an optical fiber collimator are connected in sequence; the optical fiber collimator penetrates through the sealing ring and is embedded in the cavity of the acceleration section; the laser detector is aligned to the explosion section cavity, and the laser detector and the optical fiber collimator are positioned on the same straight line; the laser detector is connected with the phase-locked amplifier, and the phase-locked amplifier is connected to the data acquisition mechanism;
Step 1-4, installing a gas distribution device: the gas distribution cabinet is connected to the accelerating section cavity through a pipeline, and a plunger pump, an oil bath heater and a flame arrester are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet and the accelerating section cavity; connecting a vacuum pump with the blasting cavity;
and 2, carrying out a blasting experiment:
step 2-1, gas distribution and conveying: pumping the blasting cavity into a vacuum state by using a vacuum pump; mixing methane and air by using a gas distribution cabinet, increasing the pressure of the mixed gas to 5Mpa by using a plunger pump, heating the mixed gas to 400K by using an oil bath heater, and allowing the mixed gas to flow through a flame arrester and enter a blasting cavity;
step 2-2, starting a data acquisition and analysis device: the computer controls the signal generator to emit a superposed signal of a sawtooth wave and a sine wave; the laser controller emits laser flow after receiving the signal, the laser flow penetrates through a sealing ring at one end of the blasting cavity, enters the blasting cavity, sequentially penetrates through an acceleration section cavity and an explosion section cavity of the blasting cavity, penetrates out from a sealing ring at the other end of the blasting cavity and is received by a laser detector arranged at the end part; the laser detector transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism through the lock-in amplifier;
step 2-3, igniting and exploding: setting ignition time through a timer, igniting and carrying out a burning explosion experiment; the convex explosion-proof membrane reduces fragments of explosion, and the explosion venting cavity is connected with a silencer to eliminate noise of a combustion and explosion experiment;
Step 3, analyzing explosion process data:
3-1, transmitting a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, a temperature signal of the temperature sensor and a laser signal received by the laser detector to a computer by a data acquisition mechanism, and analyzing the explosion process by a TDLS system arranged in the computer; the TDLS system can measure the temperature, component concentration and flow field speed of a combustion field, and can obtain the propagation characteristic of flame waves through the change of light intensity;
and 3-2, adopting a smoke polyester film inside the combustion and explosion cavity through a smoke technology, so that a layer of smoke traces are distributed on the film for recording the explosion motion track.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pressure container part of the test device adopts a detachable spiral barrier, so that the explosion process under more conditions can be conveniently verified; the structure of the explosion-combustion chamber adopts a multilayer shrinkage sleeve type, the original single-layer container is divided into a plurality of layers by the structure, the outer layer is sleeved on the inner layer after being heated, and the outer layer shrinks after being cooled, so that pre-tightening force from outside to inside can be formed on the container, and the pre-tightening force is used for offsetting thermal stress caused by temperature difference between the inside and the outside and wall thickness.
2. Two ends of a pressure container of the test device are sealed by double conical rings, and the test device can bear the impact of 200MPa pressure and high temperature; the acceleration section and the explosion section are connected in a clamp connection mode to achieve the effect of self-tightening sealing under high-temperature and high-pressure impact; the tail end of the pressure container is provided with the convex explosion-proof membrane, so that the explosion can be realized under a specific pressure, and the fragments are few; the rear part of the explosion-proof film is provided with an explosion-proof cavity and is connected with a silencer to eliminate noise.
3. The flame wave structure and the section distribution along the wave in the explosion process of the test device are measured by a TDLS system and a smoking technology; the TDLS system can measure the temperature, component concentration, flow field speed and the like of a combustion field, has no disturbance to the flow field and high response rate, and is small and compact; the smoking technique adopts a smoking polyester film in a pressure container, so that a layer of smoke trace is distributed on the film for recording the explosion motion trail.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device for shale gas.
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of an ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental device for shale gas.
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a high-pressure vessel device of the shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a thermal stress curve diagram inside a high-pressure vessel device of the shale gas ultrahigh-pressure blasting experimental device.
Among them are:
10. a high pressure vessel means; 11. a combustion and explosion cavity; 111. an acceleration section cavity; 112. an explosion section cavity; 12. a seal ring; 13. an obstacle; 14. a convex flame-proof film; 15. a explosion venting cavity; 16. a muffler; 20. a gas distribution device; 21. a gas distribution cabinet; 22. a vacuum pump; 23. a plunger pump; 24. an oil bath heater; 25. a flame arrestor; 30. an ignition device; 31. a spark plug; 32. an igniter; 33. a timer; 40. a data acquisition and analysis device; 41. a pressure sensor; 42. a temperature sensor; 43. a data acquisition mechanism; 44. a computer; 45. an amplifier; 50. a signaling device; 51. a signal generator; 52. a laser controller; 53. a laser detector; 54. a phase-locked amplifier; 55 a fiber optic attenuator; 56. a fiber collimator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description of preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the experimental apparatus for ultra-high pressure blasting of shale gas comprises a high-pressure container apparatus 10, a gas distribution apparatus 20, an ignition apparatus 30, a data acquisition and analysis apparatus 40, and a signal apparatus 50.
As shown in fig. 3, the high-pressure container apparatus 10 includes a detonation chamber 11, a seal ring 12, and a barrier 13.
The explosion chamber 11 is a hollow container, the structure of the explosion chamber 11 uses a multilayer shrink sleeve type, the structure divides the original single-layer container into a plurality of layers, the outer layer is sleeved on the inner layer after being heated, and the outer layer shrinks after being cooled, so that pre-tightening force from outside to inside can be formed on the container, and the pre-tightening force is used for offsetting thermal stress caused by temperature difference between the inside and the outside and wall thickness.
When the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than 100MPa and less than 300MPa, a two-layer shrinkage sleeve type is adopted; when the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than or equal to 300MPa and less than 800MPa, a three-layer shrinkage sleeve type is used.
The performance of the multi-layer shrink-sleeve type detonation chamber is described below in connection with the preferred embodiment.
The device adopts two layers of shrinkage sleeves, the diameter of the inner wall of the inner cylinder is 120mm, the diameter of the outer wall of the inner cylinder is 190mm, the diameter of the outer cylinder is 260mm, and the material 30CrNi5MoV is selected.
The thermal stress calculation formula is:
Figure BDA0003549638810000051
Figure BDA0003549638810000052
Figure BDA0003549638810000061
in the formula:
σr-radial thermal stress, MPa;
σθ-circumferential thermal stress, MPa;
σzaxial thermal stress, MPa;
R0diameter of outer cylinder, mm;
Ri-inner barrel diameter, mm;
r-selected point diameter, mm;
mu-Poisson's ratio, 0.3;
delta-interference magnitude, mm, 0.5mm is taken;
t-temperature, k;
as shown in FIG. 4, the maximum thermal stress point of the cylinder is at the innermost side and the outermost side of the cylinder according to the curve of the internal heating thermal stress of the cylinder, and the thermal stress of the two layers is calculated according to the separation of the two layers because the device has a double-layer cylinder structure
Calculated from the thermal stress formula and the equivalent stress formula: the thermal stress of the inner side of the inner cylinder is 1208.7 MPa; 918Mpa outside the inner cylinder; the inner side of the outer cylinder is 790.4 MPa; the outer side of the outer cylinder is 643.93 MPa.
Calculating the equivalent prestress of the inner cylinder inner wall of the pressure container under the interference magnitude of 0.5mm to 1514MPa according to a classical Lame formula, a fourth strength theory and a plane strain problem generalized Hooke's law; the outer wall of the inner cylinder is equivalent to the prestress of 922.14 MPa; the inner wall of the outer cylinder is equivalent to the prestress of 1332.1 MPa; the outer wall of the outer cylinder is equivalent to the prestress 521.86 MPa. According to the simulation of the classic explosion simulation software LS-DYNA, the maximum stress at the stress concentration position is simulated to be 800MPa by a fluid-solid coupling method, and the maximum value of the explosion stress at each point is mostly distributed at 180-300 MPa.
Due to the action of the prestress, the main stress at each position is equivalent stress after the load is offset by the prestress, namely 106MPa of main stress of the inner wall of the inner cylinder, 196MPa of main stress of the outer wall of the inner cylinder, 304MPa of main stress of the inner wall of the outer cylinder and 323MPa of the outer wall of the outer cylinder. The stress is far less than the yield stress of the barrel material and is also less than the allowable yield stress of the material. Through the von-mises stress cloud chart obtained by simulation, the main stress maximum value of each point in the flow channel is mostly distributed at 180-300MPa, and the prestress of the inner wall of the inner cylinder can be completely offset at the moment.
The inner wall prestress formula of the inner cylinder is as follows:
Figure BDA0003549638810000062
(σri)i＝0
in the formula:
(σti)ithe inner wall of the inner cylinder is circumferentially prestressed at MPa;
P12the interlayer of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is prestressed at MPa;
k1the ratio of the diameters of the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the inner cylinder;
k is the diameter ratio of the outer wall of the outer cylinder to the inner wall of the inner cylinder;
(σri)ithe inner wall of the inner cylinder is radially prestressed at MPa;
the formula of the prestress of the outer wall of the inner cylinder is as follows:
Figure BDA0003549638810000071
(σri)0＝-p12
in the formula:
(σti)othe tangential prestress of the outer wall of the inner cylinder is MPa;
P12the interlayer of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is prestressed at MPa;
k1the ratio of the diameters of the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the inner cylinder;
(σri)othe outer wall of the inner cylinder is radially prestressed, MPa;
the formula of the prestress of the inner wall of the outer cylinder is as follows:
Figure BDA0003549638810000072
(σr0)i＝-p12
in the formula:
(σto)ithe tangential prestress of the inner wall of the outer cylinder is MPa;
P12the interlayer of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is prestressed at MPa;
k2the ratio of the diameters of the outer wall of the outer cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder;
(σro)oradial prestress of the outer wall of the outer cylinder, namely MPa;
the formula of the prestress of the outer wall of the outer cylinder is as follows:
Figure BDA0003549638810000073
(σr0)0＝0
in the formula:
(σto)otangential prestress of outer wall of outer cylinder, MPa;
p12the interlayer of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder has prestress under MPa;
k2the ratio of the diameters of the outer wall of the outer cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder;
(σro)othe outer wall of the outer cylinder is prestressed in the radial direction and is MPa;
fourth strength theory equivalent stress value formula:
Figure BDA0003549638810000081
In the formula:
σeq-equivalent stress, MPa;
σt-circumferential stress, MPa;
σrradial equivalent stress, MPa;
σzaxis stress, MPa.
The rheological stress formula and the fubel formula:
Figure BDA0003549638810000082
Figure BDA0003549638810000083
in the formula
u1-the calculated value of the formula of the rheological stress of the burst pressure, MPa;
Rm-material tensile strength, MPa;
eta-material yield ratio, eta ═ Rp0.2/Rm；
Rp0.2-material yield strength, MPa;
k is the diameter ratio of the container;
u 2-calculated value of the Forbel formula for burst pressure, MPa;
the material of the container is 30CrNi5MoV, the yield strength of the steel is 1060MPa, the reduction of area is 54.5%, and the steel has good plasticity and strength and can be used as the material of the pressure container of the experiment table.
Sealing rings 12 are fixed at two ends of the explosion chamber 11; the explosion combustion cavity 11 comprises an acceleration section cavity 111 and an explosion section cavity 112, the acceleration section cavity 111 and the explosion section cavity 112 are connected through a clamp, and the acceleration section and the explosion section are connected in a clamp type manner to achieve the self-tightening sealing effect under high-temperature and high-pressure impact. The barrier 13 is arranged in the acceleration section cavity 111; the barrier 13 is in a spiral shape and is detachably connected with the acceleration section cavity 111.
The sealing ring 12 is sealed by a double cone ring, and the sealing mode can bear the impact of 200MPa pressure and high temperature.
The end part of the explosion section cavity 112 of the explosion chamber 11 is covered with the convex explosion-proof membrane 14, so that the explosion can be realized under specific pressure and the number of fragments is small; the end part of the explosion section cavity 112 is also connected with an explosion venting cavity 15; a silencer 16 is arranged on the explosion venting cavity 15 for silencing treatment, and a three-level silencer is used as the silencer 16.
The air distribution device 20 comprises an air distribution cabinet 21 and a vacuum pump 22; one end of the gas distribution cabinet 21 is provided with two pipeline interfaces for respectively inputting compressed air and methane; the other end of the gas distribution cabinet 21 is connected to the acceleration section cavity 111; the gas distributor 21 mixes the compressed air with methane and feeds the mixed gas into the acceleration section chamber 111. The vacuum pump 22 is connected with the blasting chamber 11 and is used for pumping the blasting chamber 11 into a vacuum state.
The air distribution device 20 also comprises a plunger pump 23 and an oil bath heater 24; the plunger pump 23 and the oil bath heater 24 are arranged on a pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet 21 and the acceleration section cavity 111; the plunger pump 23 is used for pressurizing the mixed gas; an oil bath heater 24 is used to heat the mixed gas. Preferably, the plunger pump 23 pressurizes the mixed gas to 5 Mpa; the oil bath heater 24 heated the mixed gas to 400K.
A flame arrester 25 is further disposed on the pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet 21 and the acceleration section cavity 111 to prevent the flame of the flammable mixed gas from spreading and prevent the backfire accident.
The ignition device 30 includes a spark plug 31, an igniter 32; the spark plug 31 penetrates through the sealing ring 12 and is embedded in the accelerating section cavity 111; the spark plug 31 is connected with one end of the igniter 32, and the other end of the igniter 32 is connected to the data acquisition and analysis device 40.
The ignition device 30 further includes a timer 33; the timer 33 is connected with the igniter 32 and controls the ignition time; the timer 33 is also connected to the data acquisition mechanism 43, and feeds back time information to the data acquisition mechanism 43. The timer 33 allows remote control of the ignition device, allows free setting of the ignition time and forms a linkage with the remaining mechanisms.
Preferably, the ignition device can also adopt a laser ignition initiation mode, and a complete laser ignition system comprises a laser safety and safety relief device, a laser output coupling optical cable, an optical fiber joint and an ignition device with an input optical fiber. Because the laser (diode) is started by a low-voltage power supply, the laser (diode) has an inherent safety problem, in order to ensure that the laser is not started accidentally, a separate electronic control and safety system is needed, the laser (diode) is suitable for multipoint control and sequential selection, has the characteristics of miniaturization, harsh environment resistance and the like, and the safety relief of the safety system is controlled by two independent safety parameters. The output light energy coupling optical cable received by numerical aperture, the input optical fiber of the igniter and the joint all have the characteristics of low loss and harsh environment resistance, and the medicament filled in the igniter must be insensitive pyrotechnic agent or explosive.
Compared with the conventional ignition and initiation device, the laser ignition and initiation device replaces a bridge wire and a lead wire by using the optical fiber, so that the danger of accidental ignition and initiation caused by strong Radio Frequency (RF), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), high-power microwave (HPM) and electrostatic action is greatly reduced.
The data acquisition and analysis device 40 comprises a pressure sensor 41, a temperature sensor 42, a data acquisition mechanism 43 and a computer 44; the pressure sensor 41 and the temperature sensor 42 are arranged in the explosion section cavity 112, and transmit pressure and temperature signals in the explosion section cavity 112 to the data acquisition mechanism 43; the data acquisition mechanism 43 is connected to a computer 44.
The signal device 50 comprises a signal generator 51, a laser controller 52, a laser detector 53 and a lock-in amplifier 54; one end of the signal generator 51 is connected with the computer 44, and the other end of the signal generator 51 is connected with the laser controller 52; the laser controller 52 receives the signal sent by the signal generator 51 and then emits a laser flow, the laser flow passes through the sealing ring 12 at one end of the explosion-and-combustion cavity 11 and enters the explosion-and-combustion cavity 11, and sequentially passes through the acceleration section cavity 111 and the explosion section cavity 112 of the explosion-and-combustion cavity 11, then passes through the sealing ring 12 at the other end of the explosion-and-combustion cavity 11, and is received by the laser detector 53 arranged at the end; the laser detector 53 transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism 43 through the lock-in amplifier 54.
The signal device 50 further comprises a fiber attenuator 55 and a fiber collimator 56; the optical fiber attenuator 55 and the optical fiber collimator 56 are arranged between the laser controller 52 and the blasting cavity 11; the optical fiber attenuator 55 attenuates the power of the input laser flow, so as to avoid the distortion generated by the receiving of the laser detector 53 due to the overlarge input optical power; the fiber collimator 56 converts the input laser light into collimated light.
The data acquisition mechanism 43 transmits the pressure signal of the pressure sensor 41, the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 42 and the laser signal received by the laser detector 53 to the computer 44, and analyzes the blasting process through a TDLS system built in the computer 44.
An experiment method based on a shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experiment device specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling an experimental device:
step 1-1, assembling a high-pressure container device: the explosion combustion cavity 11 adopts three layers of shrinkage sleeve type cavities, and the acceleration section cavity 111 and the explosion section cavity 112 are connected well through a hoop; a spiral barrier 13 is arranged in the cavity 111 of the acceleration section; the pressure sensor 41 and the temperature sensor 42 in the explosion section cavity 112 are connected to the data acquisition mechanism 43; two ends of the explosion-combustion cavity 11 are sealed by a double-cone ring sealing ring 12;
step 1-2, installing an ignition device: the spark plug 31 is embedded in the accelerating section cavity 111 through the sealing ring 12; the spark plug 31 is connected with one end of the igniter 32, and the other end of the igniter 32 is connected with the data acquisition mechanism 43; a timer 33 is arranged between the igniter 32 and the data acquisition mechanism 43;
Step 1-3, installing a data acquisition and analysis device: the computer 44, the signal generator 51, the laser controller 52, the optical fiber attenuator 55 and the optical fiber collimator 56 are connected in sequence; the optical fiber collimator 56 penetrates through the sealing ring 12 and is embedded in the accelerating section cavity 111; the laser detector 53 is aligned with the explosion section cavity 112, and the laser detector 53 and the optical fiber collimator 56 are positioned on the same straight line; the laser detector 53 is connected with the lock-in amplifier 54, and the lock-in amplifier 54 is connected with the data acquisition mechanism 43;
step 1-4, installing a gas distribution device: the gas distribution cabinet 21 is connected to the acceleration section cavity 111 through a pipeline, and a plunger pump 23, an oil bath heater 24 and a flame arrester 25 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet 21 and the acceleration section cavity 111; connecting a vacuum pump 22 with the blasting cavity 11;
and 2, carrying out a blasting experiment:
step 2-1, gas distribution and conveying: the blasting chamber 11 is vacuumized by a vacuum pump 22; mixing methane and air by using a gas distribution cabinet 21, increasing the pressure of the mixed gas to 5Mpa by using a plunger pump 23, heating the mixed gas to 400K by using an oil bath heater 24, and enabling the mixed gas to flow through a flame arrester 25 and enter the explosion chamber 11;
step 2-2, starting a data acquisition and analysis device: the computer 44 controls the signal generator 51 to emit a superimposed signal of a sawtooth wave and a sine wave; the laser controller 52 receives the signal and then emits a laser flow, the laser flow passes through the sealing ring 12 at one end of the explosion cavity 11, enters the explosion cavity 11, sequentially passes through the acceleration section cavity 111 and the explosion section cavity 112 of the explosion cavity 11, penetrates out of the sealing ring 12 at the other end of the explosion cavity 11, and is received by the laser detector 53 arranged at the end part; the laser detector 53 transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism 43 through the lock-in amplifier 54;
Step 2-3, igniting and exploding: setting ignition time through a timer 33, igniting and carrying out a blasting experiment; the convex explosion-proof membrane 14 reduces fragments of explosion, and the explosion venting cavity 15 is connected with the silencer 16 to eliminate noise of an explosion experiment;
step 3, analyzing explosion process data:
step 3-1, the data acquisition mechanism 43 transmits the pressure signal of the pressure sensor 41, the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 42 and the laser signal received by the laser detector 53 to the computer 44, and analyzes the explosion process through a TDLS system arranged in the computer 44; the TDLS system can measure the temperature, component concentration and flow field speed of a combustion field, and can obtain the propagation characteristic of flame waves through the change of light intensity;
and 3-2, smoking a polyester film in the combustion and explosion cavity by using a smoking technology, so that a layer of smoke traces is distributed on the film for recording the explosion motion track.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent changes may be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is also covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a shale gas superhigh pressure fires experimental apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a high-pressure container device (10), a gas distribution device (20), an ignition device (30), a data acquisition and analysis device (40) and a signal device (50);
The high-pressure container device (10) comprises a detonation cavity (11), a sealing ring (12) and a barrier (13); the explosion-combustion chamber (11) is a hollow container, and sealing rings (12) are fixed at two ends of the explosion-combustion chamber (11); the explosion combustion cavity (11) comprises an acceleration section cavity (111) and an explosion section cavity (112), and the acceleration section cavity (111) is connected with the explosion section cavity (112) through a hoop; the barrier (13) is arranged in the acceleration section cavity (111); the barrier (13) is in a spiral shape and is detachably connected with the acceleration section cavity (111);
the gas distribution device (20) comprises a gas distribution cabinet (21) and a vacuum pump (22); one end of the gas distribution cabinet (21) is provided with two pipeline interfaces for respectively inputting compressed air and methane; the other end of the gas distribution cabinet (21) is connected to the accelerating section cavity (111); the gas distribution cabinet (21) mixes compressed air and methane and sends the mixed gas into the acceleration section cavity (111); the vacuum pump (22) is connected with the blasting cavity (11) and is used for pumping the blasting cavity (11) into a vacuum state;
the ignition device (30) comprises a spark plug (31) and an igniter (32); the spark plug (31) penetrates through the sealing ring (12) and is embedded in the accelerating section cavity (111); the spark plug (31) is connected with one end of the igniter (32), and the other end of the igniter (32) is connected to the data acquisition and analysis device (40);
The data acquisition and analysis device (40) comprises a pressure sensor (41), a temperature sensor (42), a data acquisition mechanism (43) and a computer (44); the pressure sensor (41) and the temperature sensor (42) are arranged in the explosion section cavity (112), and transmit pressure and temperature signals in the explosion section cavity (112) to the data acquisition mechanism (43); the data acquisition mechanism (43) is connected with a computer (44);
the signal device (50) comprises a signal generator (51), a laser controller (52), a laser detector (53) and a lock-in amplifier (54); one end of the signal generator (51) is connected with the computer (44), and the other end of the signal generator (51) is connected with the laser controller (52); the laser controller (52) receives a signal sent by the signal generator (51) and then emits laser flow, the laser flow penetrates through a sealing ring (12) at one end of the explosion cavity (11) to enter the explosion cavity (11), sequentially penetrates through an acceleration section cavity (111) and an explosion section cavity (112) of the explosion cavity (11), penetrates out of the sealing ring (12) at the other end of the explosion cavity (11), and is received by a laser detector (53) arranged at the end part; the laser detector (53) transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism (43) through the lock-in amplifier (54);
The data acquisition mechanism (43) transmits a pressure signal of the pressure sensor (41), a temperature signal of the temperature sensor (42) and a laser signal received by the laser detector (53) to the computer (44), and the burning and explosion process is analyzed through a TDLS system arranged in the computer (44).
2. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the explosion chamber (11) adopts a multilayer shrinkage sleeve type; when the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than 100MPa and less than 300MPa, a two-layer shrinkage sleeve type is adopted; when the pressure bearing of the cavity is more than or equal to 300MPa and less than 800MPa, a three-layer shrinkage sleeve type is used.
3. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the explosion chamber (11) is made of a 30CrNi5MoV material.
4. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sealing ring (12) is sealed by a double-cone ring.
5. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end part of an explosion section cavity body (112) of the explosion-burning cavity (11) is covered with a convex explosion-proof film (14); the end part of the explosion section cavity (112) is also connected with an explosion venting cavity (15); a muffler (16) is arranged on the explosion venting cavity (15).
6. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air distribution device (20) also comprises a plunger pump (23) and an oil bath heater (24); the plunger pump (23) and the oil bath heater (24) are arranged on a pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet (21) and the acceleration section cavity (111); the plunger pump (23) is used for pressurizing the mixed gas; the oil bath heater (24) is used for heating the mixed gas;
and a flame arrester (25) is further arranged on a pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet (21) and the acceleration section cavity (111).
7. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the plunger pump (23) pressurizes the mixed gas to 5 Mpa; an oil bath heater (24) heats the mixed gas to 400K.
8. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ignition device (30) further comprises a timer (33); the timer (33) is connected with the igniter (32) and used for controlling the ignition time; the timer (33) is also connected to a data acquisition mechanism (43) and feeds back time information to the data acquisition mechanism (43).
9. The shale gas ultra-high pressure blasting experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the signal device (50) further comprises a fiber attenuator (55) and a fiber collimator (56); the optical fiber attenuator (55) and the optical fiber collimator (56) are arranged between the laser controller (52) and the blasting cavity (11); the optical fiber attenuator (55) attenuates the power of the input laser flow, and avoids the distortion caused by the receiving of the laser detector (53) due to the overlarge input optical power; a fiber collimator (56) converts the incoming laser light stream into collimated light.
10. The shale gas ultrahigh pressure blasting experimental method based on claim 9 is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling an experimental device:
step 1-1, assembling a high-pressure container device: the explosion combustion cavity (11) adopts a double-layer shrinkage sleeve type cavity, and the acceleration section cavity (111) and the explosion section cavity (112) are connected well through a hoop; a spiral barrier (13) is arranged in the acceleration section cavity (111); a pressure sensor (41) and a temperature sensor (42) in the explosion section cavity (112) are connected to a data acquisition mechanism (43); two ends of the explosion-combustion cavity (11) are sealed by a double-cone ring sealing ring (12);
Step 1-2, installing an ignition device: a spark plug (31) penetrates through the sealing ring (12) and is embedded in the accelerating section cavity (111); the spark plug (31) is connected with one end of the igniter (32), and the other end of the igniter (32) is connected to the data acquisition mechanism (43); a design timer (33) is arranged between the igniter (32) and the data acquisition mechanism (43);
step 1-3, installing a data acquisition and analysis device: a computer (44), a signal generator (51), a laser controller (52), an optical fiber attenuator (55) and an optical fiber collimator (56) are connected in sequence; the optical fiber collimator (56) penetrates through the sealing ring (12) and is embedded in the accelerating section cavity (111); the laser detector (53) is aligned to the explosion section cavity (112), and the laser detector (53) and the optical fiber collimator (56) are positioned on the same straight line; the laser detector (53) is connected with the phase-locked amplifier (54), and the phase-locked amplifier (54) is connected to the data acquisition mechanism (43);
step 1-4, installing a gas distribution device: the gas distribution cabinet (21) is connected to the acceleration section cavity (111) through a pipeline, and a plunger pump (23), an oil bath heater (24) and a flame arrester (25) are sequentially arranged on the pipeline between the gas distribution cabinet (21) and the acceleration section cavity (111); connecting a vacuum pump (22) with the blasting cavity (11);
And 2, carrying out a blasting experiment:
step 2-1, gas distribution and conveying: the explosion chamber (11) is pumped into a vacuum state by using a vacuum pump (22); mixing methane and air by using a gas distribution cabinet (21), increasing the pressure of mixed gas to 5Mpa by using a plunger pump (23), heating the mixed gas to 400K by using an oil bath heater (24), and enabling the mixed gas to flow through a flame arrester (25) to enter a detonation chamber (11);
step 2-2, starting a data acquisition and analysis device: the computer (44) controls the signal generator (51) to emit a superposition signal of a sawtooth wave and a sine wave; the laser controller (52) receives the signal and then emits laser flow, the laser flow penetrates through a sealing ring (12) at one end of the explosion cavity (11) to enter the explosion cavity (11), sequentially penetrates through an acceleration section cavity (111) and an explosion section cavity (112) of the explosion cavity (11), penetrates out of the sealing ring (12) at the other end of the explosion cavity (11), and is received by a laser detector (53) arranged at the end part; the laser detector (53) transmits the received data to the data acquisition mechanism (43) through the lock-in amplifier (54);
step 2-3, igniting and exploding: setting ignition time through a timer (33), igniting and carrying out an explosion experiment; the convex explosion-proof membrane (14) reduces the fragment of explosion, and the explosion venting cavity (15) is connected with a silencer (16) to eliminate the noise of an explosion experiment;
Step 3, analyzing explosion process data:
3-1, transmitting a pressure signal of a pressure sensor (41), a temperature signal of a temperature sensor (42) and a laser signal received by a laser detector (53) to a computer (44) by a data acquisition mechanism (43), and analyzing an explosion process by a TDLS system built in the computer (44); the TDLS system can measure the temperature, component concentration and flow field speed of a combustion field, and can obtain the propagation characteristic of flame waves through the change of light intensity;
and 3-2, smoking a polyester film in the combustion and explosion cavity by using a smoking technology, so that a layer of smoke traces is distributed on the film for recording the explosion motion track.
CN202210259663.XA 2022-03-16 2022-03-16 Shale gas ultrahigh-pressure blasting experimental device and method Pending CN114674872A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116502374A (en) * 2023-06-30 2023-07-28 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Optimal interference determination method for double-layer ultrahigh pressure container based on equal life design

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116502374A (en) * 2023-06-30 2023-07-28 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Optimal interference determination method for double-layer ultrahigh pressure container based on equal life design
CN116502374B (en) * 2023-06-30 2023-08-25 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Optimal interference determination method for double-layer ultrahigh pressure container based on equal life design

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