CN114674347A - 一种基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明用价格低廉、天然无刺激的面粉中的弹性成分面筋为基底材料(11),再加入氯化钠(12)、导电物质(13),并通过调整不同比例制备成具有一定弹性的导电面团,基于该导电面团制备的耐弯曲和反复拉伸的柔性电阻式传感器,轻量、柔软、舒适度高,可应用于医疗保健、机器人和可穿戴设备等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于柔性电子器件领域,具体涉及一种柔性电阻式传感器,及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着智能终端的普及,可穿戴电子设备展现出巨大的市场前景,柔性传感器作为可穿戴设备的核心部件,将对其未来功能发展产生重要影响。
然而,材料在推进可穿戴电子传感器中扮演了非常关键的作用,如石墨烯、碳纳米管、金属、无机半导体、柔性导电聚合物等,人们已经利用这些材料设计制造出多种不同用途的柔性传感器,比如温度检测器、脉搏检测、表情识别、运动检测等。
随着研究的进一步深入以及各学科的广泛交叉,更多柔性、拥有良好电学性能的材料将被开发出来应用于可穿戴传感器。例如,近日,美国华盛顿大学的工程师们将面巾纸(类似于厕纸)转化成了一种新型可穿戴传感器,它可以检测脉搏、眨眼和其他类型的人体运动。
未来,可穿戴技术及其材料必定会朝着低成本、易制造、高舒适度的方向发展,而本发明正是利用纯天然、对人体无伤害的,而且成本低廉的面粉作为原材料制备柔性器件,使其应用于可穿戴传感器中。
面粉制品作为一种日常食品,由于其独有的化学成分以及丰富的营养得到人们的青睐。而面粉在制备过程中产生的面筋蛋白质在面团成型后,使其具有良好的延展性、粘弹性和弯曲性,这些面团特有的性质以及面粉本身的环境友好性为其应用于人体穿戴设备提供了可能性,本发明中我们采用传统制备面团的方法,通过添加盐、导电粉末增加其导电性,制备了耐弯曲,可反复拉伸的柔性传感器。这种传感器轻量、柔软、便宜,可应用于医疗保健、娱乐和机器人等领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于用价格低廉,天然无刺激的面粉作为原材料制备柔性传感器(附图1),满足人们对轻柔、高舒适度可穿戴设备的需求。
本发明以面粉中弹性成分面筋为基底材料(11),再加入氯化钠(12)、导电物质(13),并通过调整不同比例制备成有一定弹性的导电面团,基于该导电面团制备的柔性电阻式传感器,测其在反复拉伸过程、弯折过程电阻变化,观察响应灵敏度。
所述面筋,是一种植物性蛋白质,由麦胶蛋白质和麦谷蛋白质组成。其制备方法是将面粉加入适量水,少许食盐,充分搅拌形成面团,再用清水将面团中淀粉和其他杂质全部洗掉而得到的。一般水洗的次数越多,面筋中淀粉夹杂率也越低,蛋白质的成分越高,质量也就越好,本发明中水洗次数为3-5次。
所述氯化钠,一方面由于氯化钠的化学成分和物理特性,可以增强面分子间的凝聚程度,使面团更有弹性,不易断裂,持气性强。另一方面,氯化钠溶于水后形成的能自由移动的钠离子和氯离子能够增加面团导电性。
所述导电物质,主要起导电作用,可以是碳纳米管(CNT),石墨烯,金属粉末。
在导电面团制备过程中,导电粒子和氯化钠的加入均可降低面团的初始电阻,但是过多的氯化钠反而使电阻上升,此外,在制备过程中,加水量不可过多,以免蛋白质来不及粘结就分散在水中,给操作带来困难,也影响面筋提取率,因此综合两者的导电性能、对面团性能的影响以及成本问题,确定导电面团各组分最终配比为:氯化钠:水:面粉=1:(50-100):(100-150)。
用上述导电面团制备的柔性传感器,在保持温度、湿度恒定情况下,测其拉伸前后电阻变化,经多次测试得出,拉伸前后电阻变化符合如下计算公式:
初始电阻R0,将面团拉伸后,测试拉伸后的实际电阻Rt,根据电阻的计算公式(1)可推导出公式(2),公式(2)可计算出拉伸后的理论电阻Ra,电阻的具体计算公式如下:
本发明以天然、对身体无刺激的面粉中有效成分面筋作为基底材料,通过加入导电物质,制备得到的柔性电阻传感器随反复拉伸、弯折电阻呈线性变化,响应灵敏,相对于之前报道的传感器,成本低,制造更容易,舒适度也更高。
附图说明:
图1:柔性电阻式传感器示意图
图2:柔性传感器拉伸性能测试图
图3:柔性传感器稳定性能测试图
图4:柔性传感器弯折性测试图
具体实施方式:
下面通过具体实例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
1、导电面团的制备:称取1.5mgCNT粉末,溶于120g去离子水中,在超声仪中分散均匀后,再将1.6g氯化钠溶于分散液中,用玻璃棒搅拌直至氯化钠完全溶解于分散液中;称取200 g面粉,将溶有CNT粉末和氯化钠的分散液批次加入面粉并搅拌,直至面团成行;将面团用保鲜膜包裹放置30 -60min后,再将面团置于空隙致密的孔罗,筛或粗布中淋水,揉洗时,淀粉随水流走,留在罗里或布内的黏在一起的蛋白质即为面筋,这样制备的导电面团表面光滑,弹性足,韧性好。
2、柔性电阻传感器的制备:根据实际需要将导电面团裁剪成某一固定形状,如长方体、正方体、圆柱体等,本实施例选择如下尺寸的长方体结构:长×宽×高=8-10 cm×1cm×3mm,在长方体两端连接导线,见附图1(14),制成柔性电阻传感器。
3、拉伸性能测试:首先测得柔性电阻传感器的原始电阻,再将其依次拉伸5%、10%、15%、20%后测电阻,为保证实验结果稳定性,整个拉伸和测试过程是在恒定温度和湿度下进行。用Keithley2400记录数据,如附图2A所示,其原始电阻为92kΩ,在12s开始拉伸总长的5%,维持10s左右,电阻增加至100 kΩ,并维持电阻稳定,之后继续拉伸。由附图2A可知,柔性电阻传感器在每次拉伸后,电阻值迅速升,并能在一定时间内保持稳定。将拉伸过程中传感器的电阻变化绘制曲线,如附图2B所示,该曲线与由公式(2)计算出的理论数据基本吻合,说明其电阻随拉伸呈线性变化,响应及时灵敏。
此外,为验证该柔性传感器稳定性,将其反复拉伸10%,每天反复拉伸10次以上,取电阻变化平均值,连续拉伸7天,获得数据如附图3所示,电阻变化始终维持在17%左右,说明该柔性电阻传感器在长期反复使用中有较好的拉伸-收缩性能,稳定性强,可重复性高。
4、弯曲性能测试:在恒定的温度和湿度下,改变电阻传感器弯曲角度,用Keithley2400数字源表记录电阻变化,详细结果见附图4。由图可知,传感器电阻随弯曲呈线性变化,而且经进一步测试,对其反复弯折处理,电阻变化几乎一致,说明该柔性电阻传感器耐弯折性能好。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包含如下步骤:(1)将导电粉末溶于去离子水中,混合均匀后得到分散液a;(2)将氯化钠溶于步骤(1)所述分散液a中,混合均匀后得到分散液b;(3)将步骤(2)中的分散液b分批次加入面粉中,同时不停搅拌,直至面团成型,再用保鲜膜包裹住面团,放置30-60min;(4)将面团置于空隙致密的孔罗,筛或粗布中淋水,同时揉洗面团,使得面粉中淀粉随水冲洗掉,得到以面筋为柔性基底的导电面团;(5)将导电面团裁剪成某一固定形状,如长方体,正方体,圆柱体等,在裁剪好的导电面团两端连接导线,制成柔性电阻式传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的导电粉末是碳纳米管粉末。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中氯化钠、去离子水和面粉的比例是1:(50-100):(100-150)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中冲洗次数是3-5次。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于面粉材料的柔性电阻式传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,将导电面团裁剪成长方体结构,具体尺寸为:长×宽×高=(8~10)cm×1cm×3mm。
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