CN114674277B - Deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring method by combining full-field survey lines - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full-field survey line combined deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring and land reclamation suitability evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: determining a ground subsidence monitoring region; determining the distance between the position of the observation line and the observation point in a line measuring method; determining the coordinates of control points of an observation area before UAV-LiDAR observation, and collecting the elevation data of original coordinates of the control points; the land surface DEM is obtained after the multi-period UAV-LiDAR and InSAR data are processed, land surface subsidence areas obtained by different methods are calculated respectively through subtraction of the multi-period land surface DEM, the UAV-LiDAR subsidence areas are fused with the InSAR obtaining subsidence boundary areas, a high-precision completed subsidence basin is obtained, basic data such as topography, soil vegetation change and the like are analyzed according to land surface subsidence monitoring results, a land reclamation suitability evaluation system is constructed, and land reclamation suitability of a mining area is evaluated. The invention provides the monitoring method with high monitoring efficiency and good monitoring accuracy and the land reclamation suitability evaluation method through the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a full-field survey line combined deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring and land reclamation suitability evaluation method, which is suitable for deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring and land reclamation suitability analysis and belongs to the technical field of mining subsidence.
Background
The source of mining area land and ecological environmental damage comes from mining induced surface subsidence. Under the condition of large mining depth and high stress, the subsidence of the deep mining earth surface presents a different time-space evolution rule from the shallow mining, and is increasingly called as a research hot spot in the field of rock stratum movement control. The method has important practical significance in developing accurate monitoring of the surface subsidence under deep mining and evaluation of land reclamation suitability.
Surface movement deformation has complex spatial field distribution and unsteady characteristics. The traditional survey line observation technology is greatly improved in the aspects of systemization, high definition, integration and the like, but the point parameters are acquired, so that the characteristic of space-time dynamic change of the whole area with complex ground surface movement is difficult to solve; in recent years, the InSAR monitoring technology has the characteristics of wide coverage range and full-field all-weather imaging, but has the weaknesses of low maneuverability and low precision; UAV-LiDAR (unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted radar) monitoring has the characteristics of low cost and strong maneuverability, but has low precision and limited monitoring range and depth. Therefore, the adoption of a single method is not enough to accurately grasp the ground surface subsidence condition, so that the comprehensive monitoring method combining a plurality of methods becomes an objective requirement for ground surface subsidence monitoring.
Therefore, the invention organically combines the three monitoring methods, develops full-field accurate monitoring of the space-time change of the earth surface subsidence, has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, accuracy, rapidness, maneuver and the like, and provides a method and a thought for earth surface subsidence monitoring work; based on the result of comprehensively monitoring the subsidence of the earth surface, the suitability evaluation of land reclamation of the mining area is realized, and a reliable basis is provided for the treatment and the restoration of the mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that a single monitoring method is difficult to accurately master the ground surface subsidence condition, provides a mining area ground surface subsidence monitoring and land reclamation suitability analysis method combining InSAR, UAV-LiDAR and survey methods, combines the monitoring advantages of the three methods to carry out accurate monitoring, has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, accuracy, rapidness and the like, and provides a method and a thought for ground surface subsidence monitoring work; and carrying out feasibility analysis on the land reclamation suitability of the mining area based on the monitoring result, and providing theoretical support for ecological environment restoration of the mining area.
A deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring method combining full-field survey lines comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a mining area earth surface subsidence monitoring area; obtaining a trend observation line and a trend observation line position and length according to the cut position, the dip angle of the coal seam in the measuring area and the formation lithology information;
2) Adopting 25m intervals to arrange observation points, and arranging GNSS continuous monitoring points in the key monitoring area;
3) Monitoring the ground surface subsidence all the time and all the day by adopting the InSAR technology;
4) Monitoring the subsidence situation of the earth surface by using an UAV-LiDAR, and obtaining a digital ground model DEM of the earth surface at two moments;
5) And fusing the subsidence area obtained by the UAV-LiDAR with the subsidence boundary area obtained by the InSAR to obtain the complete subsidence basin.
In the step 1), the monitoring area is a rectangular area with the boundary trend of the working surface extending 1000m and the trend extending 1000 m.
In the step 2), the exposed head type measuring point is manufactured by adopting a reinforced concrete reinforcing steel bar method, and the height of the exposed head type measuring point is 0.25m higher than the ground by 25m.
In the step 3), an InSAR technology is adopted for monitoring, complex radar image coherent information of multiple phases of a remote sensing satellite is utilized for extracting vertical deformation of the earth surface, and a DEM of a monitoring area is generated through image registration, interferogram generation, land removing effect, phase unwrapping and geocoding.
In the step 4), a UAV-LiDAR monitoring mode is adopted to scan the two sides of the monitored ground surface in different time periods, a digital ground model DEM of the ground surface at two moments is obtained, and the ground surface subsidence value of the monitored area is obtained by subtracting the two-period DEM.
A land reclamation suitability evaluation system is constructed by combining land utilization current situation, gradient and soil basic data according to a land subsidence monitoring analysis result, and feasibility analysis is carried out on land reclamation suitability of a mining area.
The specific method comprises the following steps: according to the ground surface subsidence monitoring result, the change characteristics of the topography and the land are obtained, the land utilization status and the basic data of soil vegetation are combined, a land suitable type-land quality secondary evaluation system is constructed, and an evaluation index, an evaluation grade and a classification standard are respectively determined from four reclamation directions of a forest land, a garden land, a cultivated land and a grassland, so that a land reclamation suitability evaluation result is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the InSAR technology has all-weather and all-day imaging capability, large imaging area, rich information quantity and high precision; the UAV-LiDAR technology has low cost and flexible maneuver; the survey line method can improve the overall accuracy of monitoring the subsidence of the earth surface, and is convenient for verifying the feasibility of the method.
2. InSAR technology can monitor deformations within 0.1m of the sink basin rim; the UAV-LiDAR technology can rapidly acquire high-quality surface subsidence basin information in a mesoscale area, and can monitor subsidence deformation of the center of the subsidence basin more than 0.1 m; the line measurement method can monitor the subsidence deformation of all the areas; the combination of the three can obtain complete subsurface basin data.
3. The method combines a plurality of monitoring methods, overcomes the defects and shortcomings of a single monitoring method, is suitable for monitoring the subsidence of the earth surface of a deep mining area, can provide a precise comprehensive monitoring result, and has important reference value for the monitoring and analysis method of the subsidence of the earth surface under the relevant conditions.
4. And theoretical support is provided for restoration of the ecological environment of the mining area by evaluating and analyzing the land reclamation suitability of the mining area under deep mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for monitoring subsidence of a surface of a mining area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
A deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring method combining full-field survey lines comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a mining area earth surface subsidence monitoring area; obtaining a trend observation line and a trend observation line position and length according to the cut position, the dip angle of the coal seam in the measuring area and the formation lithology information;
2) Adopting 25m intervals to arrange observation points, and arranging GNSS continuous monitoring points in the key monitoring area;
3) Monitoring the ground surface subsidence all the time and all the day by adopting the InSAR technology;
4) Monitoring the subsidence situation of the earth surface by using an UAV-LiDAR, and obtaining a digital ground model DEM of the earth surface at two moments;
5) And fusing the subsidence area obtained by the UAV-LiDAR with the subsidence boundary area obtained by the InSAR to obtain the complete subsidence basin.
In the step 1), the monitoring area is a rectangular area with the boundary trend of the working surface extending 1000m and the trend extending 1000 m.
In the step 2), the exposed head type measuring point is manufactured by adopting a reinforced concrete reinforcing steel bar method, and the height of the exposed head type measuring point is 0.25m higher than the ground by 25m.
In the step 3), an InSAR technology is adopted for monitoring, complex radar image coherent information of multiple phases of a remote sensing satellite is utilized for extracting vertical deformation of the earth surface, and a DEM of a monitoring area is generated through image registration, interferogram generation, land removing effect, phase unwrapping and geocoding.
In the step 4), a UAV-LiDAR monitoring mode is adopted to scan the two sides of the monitored ground surface in different time periods, a digital ground model DEM of the ground surface at two moments is obtained, and the ground surface subsidence value of the monitored area is obtained by subtracting the two-period DEM.
A land reclamation suitability evaluation system is constructed by combining land utilization current situation, gradient and soil basic data according to a land subsidence monitoring analysis result, and feasibility analysis is carried out on land reclamation suitability of a mining area.
The specific method comprises the following steps: according to the ground surface subsidence monitoring result, the change characteristics of the topography and the land are obtained, the land utilization status and the basic data of soil vegetation are combined, a land suitable type-land quality secondary evaluation system is constructed, and an evaluation index, an evaluation grade and a classification standard are respectively determined from four reclamation directions of a forest land, a garden land, a cultivated land and a grassland, so that a land reclamation suitability evaluation result is obtained.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the deep mining surface subsidence monitoring method and the land reclamation suitability evaluation method by combining full-field survey lines comprise the following steps:
1. determining a ground subsidence monitoring region: the monitoring area is determined to be a rectangular area with the trend of the projection boundary of the ground surface of the working surface being prolonged by 1000m and the trend being prolonged by 1000m, so that the whole ground surface subsidence influence area can be covered.
2. According to the following:
and obtaining the length of the trend line and the trend line. Wherein H is the thickness of the surface soil layer, H1 and H2 are the mining depths, H0 is the average mining depth, 11 and 12 are the trend lengths of the working face respectively,for the surface soil movement angle, delta is the trend movement angle, gamma and beta are the upward and downward movement angles, delta, delta beta and delta gamma are the modified values of the corresponding angle amounts.
Obtaining the trend observation line and the trend observation line position according to information such as the cutting position, the inclination angle of the coal seam in the measuring area, the maximum sinking angle and the like; and (3) determining to arrange observation points at 25m intervals according to the coal seam mining depth, and arranging GNSS continuous monitoring points in the key monitoring area.
Monitoring the ground surface subsidence condition by adopting an InSAR technology, carrying out interference processing on imaging data before and after exploitation by adopting a mode of combining a two-track method and a DEM interferometry according to the imaging data of a sentinel No. 1 satellite to generate an interference phase map, inverting the topography phase of an interference simulation pair under the space geometric condition by utilizing an external DEM, and subtracting the topography phase by utilizing the interference phase to obtain a deformation phase; and obtaining deformation information caused by mining subsidence under geographic coordinates through subsequent phase unwrapping and geographic coding.
The ground subsidence condition is monitored by using the UAV-LiDAR, scanning is carried out on the same monitoring area in different time periods, digital ground models DEM of the ground surface at two moments are rapidly obtained through the steps of IE resolving, point cloud fusion, accuracy verification, point cloud filtering and the like, the ground subsidence value of the monitoring area can be obtained through subtracting the DEM at two periods, and meanwhile, the ground movement deformation parameters are obtained according to a dynamic parameter solving principle.
The earth surface subsidence condition is monitored by a survey line method, the earth surface subsidence condition is obtained by analyzing the observation result obtained regularly, and GNSS continuous observation points are distributed in a key area so as to determine the high-precision plane coordinates and the high-precision elevations of the points.
3. And fusing the UAV-LiDAR subsidence area with the InSAR obtained subsidence boundary area to obtain a high-precision completed subsidence basin, and finally comparing and analyzing the accurate subsidence value of each measuring point in the measuring line method with the contour line of the subsidence basin to verify the feasibility of the method.
4. According to the ground subsidence monitoring analysis result, combining with the basic data of land utilization state, gradient, soil and the like, constructing a land suitability class-land quality secondary evaluation system, and determining an evaluation index, an evaluation grade and a classification standard from four reclamation directions of a forest land, a garden land, a cultivated land and a grassland respectively to obtain a land reclamation suitability evaluation result.
As shown in FIG. 2, a spatial layout diagram of a mining area surface subsidence monitoring method is shown in an embodiment. a. The rectangular area formed by the four points b, c and d is a projection area of the deep working surface on the ground surface, the area trend is prolonged by 1000m, and the rectangular area obtained by extending the area trend by 1000m is used as a monitoring area of the method. Determining the positions of a trend measuring line L1 and two trend measuring lines L2 according to information such as the cutting position, the inclination angle of a coal seam in a measuring area, the maximum sinking angle and the like; the black round measuring points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N are key area measuring points, GNSS continuous monitoring stations are arranged, and the measuring point spacing is 25m; performing full-field monitoring on the monitoring area by using a UAV-LiDAR technology and an InSAR technology, and fusing a UAV-LiDAR subsidence area and an InSAR subsidence boundary area to obtain a high-precision complete subsidence basin; the monitoring area is locally monitored by the survey line method, and the feasibility of the method can be accurately verified.
Claims (4)
1. A full-field survey line combined deep mining earth surface subsidence monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Determining a mining area earth surface subsidence monitoring area; obtaining a trend observation line and a trend observation line position and length according to the cut position, the dip angle of the coal seam in the measuring area and the formation lithology information;
specific:
1.1 Determining a surface subsidence monitoring zone: the monitoring area is determined to be a rectangular area with the trend of the projection boundary of the ground surface of the working surface being prolonged by 1000m and the trend being prolonged by 1000m, so that the whole ground surface subsidence influence area can be covered;
1.2 According to:
and->
Obtaining the length of a trend line and a trend line; wherein H is the surface soil layer thickness, H1 and H2 are the mining depths, H0 is the average mining depth, l 1 、l 2 The trend lengths of the working surfaces are respectively,for the surface soil movement angle, delta is the trend movement angle, gamma and beta are the upward and downward movement angles, delta beta and delta gamma are the modification values of the corresponding angle amounts;
in the step 1), the monitoring area is a rectangular area with the boundary trend of the working face extending 1000m and the trend extending 1000 m;
2) Adopting 25m intervals to arrange observation points, and arranging GNSS continuous monitoring points in the key monitoring area;
3) Monitoring the ground surface subsidence all the time and all the day by adopting the InSAR technology; monitoring by adopting an InSAR technology, extracting vertical deformation of the earth surface by utilizing multi-phase complex radar image coherence information of a remote sensing satellite, and generating a DEM of a monitoring area through image registration, interferogram generation, land removing effect, phase unwrapping and geocoding;
4) Monitoring the subsidence situation of the earth surface by using an UAV-LiDAR, and obtaining a digital ground model DEM of the earth surface at two moments; in the step 4), a UAV-LiDAR monitoring mode is adopted to scan the two sides of the monitored ground surface in different time periods, a digital ground model DEM of the ground surface at two moments is obtained, and the ground surface subsidence value of the monitored area is obtained by subtracting the DEM at two periods;
5) And fusing the subsidence area obtained by the UAV-LiDAR with the subsidence boundary area obtained by the InSAR to obtain the complete subsidence basin.
2. The method for monitoring the subsidence of the deep mining surface by combining the full-field survey lines according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the exposed measuring points are manufactured by adopting a reinforced concrete reinforcing steel bar method, and the distance between the exposed measuring points is 0.25m higher than the ground.
3. A method for land reclamation suitability evaluation by using a deep mining surface subsidence monitoring method combined with full-field survey lines according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is characterized in that: and constructing a land reclamation suitability evaluation system according to the ground subsidence monitoring analysis result and combining with the land utilization current situation, gradient and soil basic data, and carrying out feasibility analysis on the land reclamation suitability of the mining area.
4. The method for evaluating land reclamation suitability as recited in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific method comprises the following steps: according to the ground surface subsidence monitoring result, the change characteristics of the topography and the land are obtained, the land utilization status and the basic data of soil vegetation are combined, a land suitable type-land quality secondary evaluation system is constructed, and an evaluation index, an evaluation grade and a classification standard are respectively determined from four reclamation directions of a forest land, a garden land, a cultivated land and a grassland, so that a land reclamation suitability evaluation result is obtained.
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