CN114674257A - High-precision thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection - Google Patents
High-precision thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114674257A CN114674257A CN202210329164.3A CN202210329164A CN114674257A CN 114674257 A CN114674257 A CN 114674257A CN 202210329164 A CN202210329164 A CN 202210329164A CN 114674257 A CN114674257 A CN 114674257A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009683 ultrasonic thickness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection, belonging to the field of ultrasonic transverse wave measurement and comprising the following steps: s1, exciting primary ultrasonic transverse waves right above the end point of a transition step between the non-thickness-reduction position and the thickness-reduction-change position of the structure; s2, recording the first and second echo time from the thinned part and the first and second echo time from the non-thinned part; s3, representing thinning thickness information by using the difference result of the transit time between the first echo and the second echo from the non-thinned thickness surface and the thinned thickness surface; s4, obtaining the propagation speed of the ultrasonic transverse wave in the structure at different temperatures according to the calibration relation between the wave speed and the temperature of the ultrasonic transverse wave, thereby obtaining the thinning thickness by using the propagation speed. The invention abandons system errors and improves the fixed point thickness measurement precision, thereby providing the most accurate reference data and evaluation basis for the safety evaluation of the structure and having very important significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic transverse wave measurement, in particular to a high-precision thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection.
Background
The ultrasonic transverse wave thickness measurement is one of important methods for nondestructive testing, and has the advantages of non-contact, good real-time performance and the like. As shown in fig. 1, in the fields of petrochemical industry and the like, the thickness reduction problem of the inner surface of the structure is caused by factors such as long-time high-temperature oxidation or fluid scouring, and the like, so that potential safety hazards are brought to normal operation of equipment to a certain extent.
In a traditional ultrasonic thickness measurement method, the acoustic time difference of first echoes from a non-thinned thickness surface and a thinned thickness surface of a structure is often adopted to determine thinned thickness information, but a system input error caused by related factors such as ultrasonic equipment and data calculation can have a certain influence on a thickness measurement result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-precision thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection, which excite primary ultrasonic transverse wave, simultaneously obtain echo information at the positions with reduced thickness and non-reduced thickness, abandon system errors and improve fixed-point thickness measuring precision, thereby providing the most accurate reference data and evaluation basis for the safety evaluation of a structure and having very important significance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a high-precision thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection comprises the following steps:
s1, exciting primary ultrasonic transverse waves right above a transition step end point between the non-thickness-reduction position and the thickness-reduction-change position of the structure;
s2, recording the first and second echo time from the reduced thickness position as
The first and second echo time at the position without thickness reduction are respectively
；
S3, in the following manner:
by using
To characterize the reduced thickness information; wherein,
and
will obtain
And
the two transit times are differenced to obtain acoustic time data on the reduced thickness
(ii) a Wherein,
representing the theoretical true time of flight between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the theoretical true time of flight between the first and second echoes from the thinned-out thickness,
indicating the systematic error introduced during the measurement process,
representing the actual time of flight between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the actual time of flight between the first and second echoes from the reduced thickness;
s4, according to the calibration relation between the wave speed and the temperature of the ultrasonic transverse wave
Obtaining the propagation speed of ultrasonic transverse waves in the structure at different temperatures
Then according to the formula
Thereby obtaining a reduced thickness
。
Further, the structure includes an inner surface structure.
Further, the structure comprises a petrochemical pipeline inner surface structure.
An ultrasonic shear wave thickness measuring device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein a program is stored in the memory and when loaded by the processor performs the method as defined in any one of the above.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the embodiment of the invention provides a new thickness measurement method based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection aiming at the requirement of high-precision thickness measurement when the thickness of the inner surface of the structure is reduced, and the method has a good measurement effect on fixed-point thickness measurement. By designing a new measuring method, system errors are abandoned, and fixed point thickness measurement precision is improved, so that the method has very important significance in providing the most accurate reference data and evaluation basis for the safety assessment of the structure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the primary ultrasonic transverse wave is excited right above the transition step end point between the non-thinned thickness position and the thinned thickness position of the structure, the thinned thickness information is represented by using the difference result of the transit sound between the first echo and the second echo from the non-thinned thickness surface and the thinned thickness surface, and the precision of the measurement result can be effectively improved under low-temperature and high-temperature environments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure with reduced surface thickness;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a simulation model;
FIG. 3 is an ultrasonic echo map of two surfaces of different thicknesses; the abscissa Transit time represents the Transit time, and the ordinate Displacement in x direction represents the Displacement of the particle in the x direction;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the average relative error of the method of the present invention and the conventional method.
Detailed Description
All features disclosed in all embodiments of the present specification, or all methods or process steps implicitly disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
The technical problems, technical concepts, working principles, working processes and beneficial effects of the present invention are fully and further explained in detail with reference to the attached drawings 1 to 4.
Example 1
The invention provides a novel method for measuring the thickness based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection aiming at the requirement of high-precision thickness measurement when the thickness of the inner surface of the structure is reduced, and the method has a good measuring effect on fixed-point thickness measurement in a high-temperature environment. By designing a new measuring method, the system input error is reduced, and the fixed-point thickness measurement precision is improved, so that the method has very important significance in providing the most accurate reference data and evaluation basis for the safety evaluation of the structure.
The invention aims to reduce the system input error and improve the fixed point thickness measurement precision by designing a new ultrasonic transverse wave measurement method, thereby providing the most accurate reference data and evaluation basis for the safety evaluation of the structure. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) as shown in FIG. 2, the ultrasonic transverse wave is excited once just above the end point of the transition step between the position of the structure where the thickness is not reduced and the position where the thickness is reduced and changed, the ultrasonic echo diagrams from two different thickness positions are shown in FIG. 3, the circled echo signals in FIG. 3 have no influence on the measurement, and the first and second echo times are respectively
And
。
(2) the conventional method adopts the first echo time difference
To characterize the reduced thickness information. The method comprises the following steps:
by using
To characterize the reduced thickness information, will result
And
the two transit times are different, so that the purpose of eliminating system errors is achieved, and the obtained data relate to the sound time of the reduced thickness
. Wherein,
representing the theoretical true time of flight between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the theoretical true time of flight between the first and second echoes from the thinned-out thickness,
indicating the systematic error introduced during the measurement process,
representing the actual (system error) transit time between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the actual (systematic error) transit time between the first and second echoes from the reduced thickness.
(3) According to the calibration relation between the wave speed and the temperature of the ultrasonic transverse wave
The propagation speed of ultrasonic transverse waves in the structure at different temperatures can be obtained
Then according to the formula
Thereby obtaining a reduced thickness
。
The method is different from the scheme that the acoustic time difference of the first echo from the surface with the thickness not thinned and the thinned surface is adopted to determine the thinned thickness information, and the method carries out the difference of the transit acoustic times of the two and two echoes of two different surfaces by exciting the primary ultrasonic transverse wave, abandons the system error in the measuring process and can effectively improve the ultrasonic thickness measuring precision under the high-temperature and low-temperature environments.
As shown in fig. 2, a two-dimensional model with the total height of 20mm and the length of 80mm is established in a COMSOL multi-physical-field simulation platform, and a geometric model of a thinned part is set as a rectangular defect with the length of 10mm and the height of 3mm/5mm/6 mm; exciting a primary ultrasonic transverse wave right above a transition step endpoint between a non-thickness-reduction position and a thickness-reduction-change position of the structure under a uniform temperature field of 25 ℃/100 ℃/300 ℃/500 ℃ respectively, and measuring transit sound between a first echo and a second echo
And
(as shown in FIG. 3) to obtain
And
difference of (2)
According to the wave speed and temperature
The relationship,
The value of the reduced thickness can be calculated
。
The simulation calculation results are shown in the following table:
the average relative error ratio of the traditional thickness measurement method and the method of the invention is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the method of the invention has smaller relative error of thickness measurement at low temperature and high temperature and higher precision.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Other embodiments than the above examples may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure, or by adapting and using knowledge or techniques of the relevant art, and features of various embodiments may be interchanged or substituted and such modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A high-precision thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic transverse wave detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, exciting primary ultrasonic transverse waves right above the end point of a transition step between the non-thickness-reduction position and the thickness-reduction-change position of the structure;
s2, recording the first and second echo time from the reduced thickness position as
The first and second echo time at the position without thickness reduction are respectively
；
S3, in the following manner:
by using
To characterize the reduced thickness information; wherein,
and
will obtain
And
the two transit times are differenced to obtain acoustic time data about the reduced thickness
(ii) a Wherein,
representing the theoretical real time-of-flight between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the theoretical true time of flight between the first and second echoes from the reduced thickness,
indicating the systematic error introduced during the measurement process,
representing the actual time of flight between the first and second echoes from the unreduced thickness,
representing the actual time of flight between the first and second echoes from the reduced thickness;
s4, according to the calibration relation between the wave speed and the temperature of the ultrasonic transverse wave
Obtaining the propagation speed of ultrasonic transverse waves in the structure at different temperatures
Then according to the formula
Thereby obtaining a reduced thickness
。
2. A high accuracy thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic shear wave detection according to claim 1, wherein said structure comprises an inner surface structure.
3. The method for measuring the thickness with high precision based on the ultrasonic transverse wave detection is characterized in that the structure comprises an inner surface structure of a petrochemical pipeline.
4. An ultrasonic shear thickness gauge comprising a processor and a memory, wherein a program is stored in the memory and when loaded by the processor performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116086368A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-05-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Icing thickness detection method, icing thickness detection device and storage medium |
| CN117077441A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-17 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Bolt axial stress double-wave calculation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116086368A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-05-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Icing thickness detection method, icing thickness detection device and storage medium |
| CN117077441A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-17 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Bolt axial stress double-wave calculation method |
| CN117077441B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-12-15 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Bolt axial stress double-wave calculation method |
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