CN114672687A - Smelting process of copper-titanium alloy ingot - Google Patents
Smelting process of copper-titanium alloy ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN114672687A CN114672687A CN202210238675.4A CN202210238675A CN114672687A CN 114672687 A CN114672687 A CN 114672687A CN 202210238675 A CN202210238675 A CN 202210238675A CN 114672687 A CN114672687 A CN 114672687A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot, which comprises the following steps: s1, vacuum induction melting: preparing materials, charging, vacuumizing, smelting, casting and discharging; s2, electron beam cold bed smelting: cleaning the furnace, charging, vacuumizing, smelting by an electron beam cold bed, cooling and discharging; according to the copper-titanium alloy ingot, Ti element is added in a CuTi50 intermediate alloy mode, a vacuum induction smelting and electron beam cold bed smelting duplex process is adopted, impurities are prevented from being introduced and the titanium element is prevented from being oxidized through vacuum induction smelting, impurities in the raw materials are further purified through electron beam cold bed smelting, the copper-titanium alloy material with high quality and high performance can be prepared, the breakthrough of ingot quality is realized, a good foundation is laid for subsequent plate strip rolling, the method is suitable for copper-titanium alloy materials with any proportion within the range of 0.1-4.5% of Ti content, batch production can be realized, and the production cost is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal alloy smelting, in particular to a smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot.
Background
The high-strength high-elasticity copper alloy is widely applied to the industries of electronics, communication, automobiles, aerospace and the like, and beryllium bronze always occupies the leading position in the field because of having the properties of high strength, high elasticity, good wear resistance and fatigue resistance, good electric conduction, heat conduction, no magnetism, impact, no spark and the like, and is called as the king of elastic materials. But the defects of the beryllium bronze are increasingly prominent, the toxic dust problem exists during production, the compound has higher toxicity, and the beryllium compound is absorbed into a human body and can generate a substance which can cause the pathological changes of tissues and organs of the human body to cause diseases such as cancer and the like; in addition, beryllium bronze manufactured components have been increasingly problematic, such as poor stress relaxation resistance at high temperatures, low high-temperature conductive stability, and large deformation of the components after aging, which have not met the requirements of precision instruments. Therefore, the copper-titanium alloy can replace beryllium-copper alloy to be applied to the industries of electricians, electronics and the like, such as the preparation of high-strength springs, electric contacts, mobile phone keys and the like. The industrial application of copper-titanium alloy in domestic copper alloy enterprises is not started, and the demand of titanium alloy strips completely depends on import.
The method for producing the copper-titanium alloy at home and abroad at present comprises the following steps: the invention provides a preparation method adopting vacuum induction melting, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the preparation method comprises a vacuum arc melting method, a powder mixing sintering method, an electromagnetic suspension melting method and the like, wherein the methods have higher cost, and mass production cannot be realized in some methods.
At present, the domestic preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy mainly comprises the following methods:
1. a vacuum arc consumable melting method: the method is characterized in that copper powder and titanium sponge in a certain proportion are made into an electrode, the electrode is placed into a vacuum consumable furnace to be melted, and the electrode is poured into a water-cooling copper mold after being completely melted.
2. Powder mixing and sintering method: uniformly mixing Cu powder and Ti powder to prepare a mixture, and then performing compression molding to prepare an alloy green body; the alloy green body is sintered in an inert gas atmosphere and then cooled and discharged, and the method has high gas content and is not easy to control the components.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the preparation method of the copper-titanium alloy in the prior art, the invention provides a smelting method of a copper-titanium alloy material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction melting:
s1-1, preparing materials:
weighing 0.1-4.5 wt% of Ti and the balance of Cu according to the percentage content, wherein the Ti is added in a CuTi50 intermediate alloy form, and weighing the intermediate alloy and the electrolytic copper plate according to the proportion;
S1-2, charging:
placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber;
s1-3, vacuumizing:
vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace to 1-10 Pa;
s1-4, smelting:
the power is increased to 150-160 kW, the temperature is kept for 30-35 min,
the power is increased to 300-320 kW, the temperature is kept for 30-35 min,
the power is increased to 500-550 kW, the temperature is preserved for 15-20 min,
the power is increased to 700-750 kW, and when the copper plate is completely melted, the power is reduced to 300-350 KW;
vacuumizing the secondary feeding chamber to be below 100Pa, opening a baffle valve and a heat shield of the secondary feeding chamber, adding CuTi50 intermediate alloy, increasing the power to 700-750 kW, and preserving the heat for 50 min; reducing the power to 300-330 KW, closing the Roots pump and the slide valve pump in sequence, opening the argon filling air valve, slowly filling argon into the furnace body to-0.08 MPa, and closing the argon valve;
slowly adding power to 700-760 kW, refining for 80-90 min, sampling, measuring temperature, and preparing for casting when the temperature reaches 1280-1300 ℃;
s1-5, casting:
reducing the power to 300-350 KW, and starting casting after the crucible is tipped to preheat a furnace nozzle for 1-2 min;
s1-6, discharging:
cooling for 100-120 min, discharging, and demolding after 160-180 min;
s2, electron beam cold bed smelting:
S2-1, cleaning the furnace and charging;
s2-2, vacuumizing:
cleaning the observation window, and then covering a furnace cover to perform vacuum pumping operation;
s2-3, electron beam cold bed smelting:
when the vacuum degree in the electron beam cooling bed furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-2Starting an electron gun to smelt and melt materials at a torr, and starting to pull down when a copper-titanium alloy solution flows into the crystallizer through a cooling bed and completely covers a crystallizer puller;
the smelting and melting material is divided into the following four stages: starting an electron gun stage, an ingot casting bottom making stage, a normal smelting stage and a smelting finishing stage;
s2-4, cooling and discharging:
and after the smelting is finished, cooling for 100-120 min and then discharging.
Preferably, the Ti content is 1.5% to 3.5%.
Further, in the above scheme, in step S1-2, the operation method of charging includes: opening an air release valve, opening a furnace cover, erecting a chute after the baked vertical pouring channel base and the steel die are assembled, aligning a chute hole to the center of the vertical pouring channel, placing a heat-insulating riser on the upper part of the steel die, and pushing the riser into an ingot die chamber; placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber; and closing the furnace cover, cleaning the observation window and closing the air release valve.
Further, in the above scheme, in the step S1-3, the operation method of vacuumizing is: opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; and starting the small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting the large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when the low vacuum gauge is pumped to 1-10 Pa.
Further, in the above scheme, in the step S1-5, the casting operation method includes: the casting starting speed is slowed down and then appropriately accelerated to ensure that the flow in the casting process is uniform, the speed is slowed down again to reduce the depth of a shrinkage cavity when the casting is completed, the casting time is controlled to be 8-10 min, and the potentiometer is rotated to the position of 0 after the casting is completed.
Further, in the above scheme, in the step S1-3, the operation method of vacuumizing is: opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; and starting the small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting the large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when the low vacuum gauge is pumped to 1-10 Pa.
Further, in the above scheme, in the step S2-1, the operation method of cleaning the furnace and charging the furnace is as follows: cleaning a hearth of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, sawing a riser and the bottom of a vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, and then putting the vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot into a horizontal feeder in a feeding bin.
Further, in the above scheme, in step S2-3, the stage of starting the electron gun is that the copper-titanium solution flows into the crystallizer for the first time after being melted,the vacuum degree in the furnace is 8.5-8.6 multiplied by 10-3And torr, the time is 60-65 min.
Further, in the scheme, in the step S2-3, the ingot bottom making stage is that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer for the first time and then is pulled down, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 7.0-7.3 multiplied by 10 -3torr, the time is 35-40 min.
Further, in the scheme, in the step S2-3, in the normal smelting stage, the smelting speed, the power and the pull-down speed are basically stable, the smelting speed and the smelting power are reduced from the first pull-down of the ingot, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 5.0-5.3 multiplied by 10-3A torr; the vacuumizing time in the smelting process is 110-120 min, and the average smelting speed is 345-350 kg/h; in a normal smelting stage, a No. 1 gun is used for smelting a copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, the current is controlled to be 7.5-8.8A, and the power of a smelting area is set to be 220-230 KW; the No. 2 gun is used for the crystallizer, the surface of a molten pool in the crystallizer is completely melted, the current is controlled to be 2.8-3A, and the power of a melting area is 80-90 KW; the No. 3 gun is used for a cold bed refining area, the copper-titanium alloy liquid is guaranteed to flow into a crystallizer from a cold bed through a pouring gate, the current is controlled to be 2-2.3A, and the power of a melting area is 56-60 KW.
Further, in the scheme, in the step S2-3, in the smelting finishing stage, the time from the beginning of the smelting power and the smelting speed to the end of the smelting and ingot casting is 15-18 min, the vacuum degree is 2.5-2.8 multiplied by 10-3torr。
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following points:
firstly, in the vacuum induction melting and electron beam cold bed melting duplex process adopted by the invention, in the vacuum induction melting stage, Ti element is added in the form of CuTi50 intermediate alloy, the introduction of impurities and the oxidation of the Ti element are avoided through vacuum induction melting, and the inclusion of the raw material is further purified through electron beam cold bed melting, so that the high-performance copper-titanium alloy material with compact structure, low gas content, few pores, few inclusions, high purity, no macrosegregation, no microcosmic segregation and other defects can be prepared, the breakthrough of ingot casting quality is realized, a good foundation is laid for the rolling of subsequent plate strips, and the subsequent processing performance of the alloy material is effectively improved.
Secondly, the smelting method is suitable for the copper-titanium alloy material with any proportion of Ti content within the range of 0.1% -4.5%, can realize batch production, effectively reduces the production cost, and especially for the copper-titanium alloy material with the Ti content within the range of 1.5% -3.5%, the current production level of the unit is quite mature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a copper-titanium alloy ingot cast in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 100 Xgold phase diagram of the product of example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction melting:
s1-1, preparing materials:
weighing 1.5 percent of Ti and the balance of Cu according to the percentage content, wherein the Ti is added in a form of CuTi50 intermediate alloy, and the intermediate alloy and the electrolytic copper plate are weighed according to the proportion;
s1-2, charging:
opening an air release valve, opening a furnace cover, erecting a chute after the baked vertical pouring channel base and the steel die are assembled, aligning a chute hole to the center of the vertical pouring channel, placing a heat-insulating riser on the upper part of the steel die, and pushing the riser into an ingot die chamber; placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber; closing the furnace cover, cleaning the observation window and closing the air release valve;
S1-3, vacuumizing:
opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; starting a small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting a large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when low vacuum is pumped to 1 Pa;
s1-4, smelting:
the power is increased to 150kW, the temperature is preserved for 30min,
the power is increased to 300kW, the temperature is preserved for 30min,
the power is increased to 500kW, the temperature is preserved for 15min,
the power is increased to 700kW, and when the copper plate is completely melted, the power is reduced to 300 KW;
vacuumizing the secondary feeding chamber to 98Pa, opening a baffle valve and a heat shield of the secondary feeding chamber, adding CuTi50 intermediate alloy, increasing the power to 700kW, and preserving the heat for 50 min; reducing the power to 300KW, closing the Roots pump and the slide valve pump in sequence, opening the argon filling air valve, slowly filling argon into the furnace body to-0.08 MPa, and closing the argon valve;
then slowly adding power to 700kW for refining for 80min, sampling and measuring temperature, and preparing for casting when the temperature reaches 1280 ℃;
s1-5, casting:
reducing the power to 300KW, tilting the crucible and preheating a furnace nozzle, and starting casting after keeping for 1 min; slowing down the casting starting speed, then appropriately accelerating to ensure that the flow is uniform in the casting process, slowing down the speed to reduce the depth of a shrinkage cavity when the casting is completed, controlling the casting time to be 8min, and rotating the potentiometer to the position of 0 after the casting is completed;
S1-6, discharging:
cooling for 100min, discharging, and demolding after 160 min;
s2, electron beam cold bed smelting:
s2-1, furnace cleaning and charging: cleaning a hearth of an electron beam cooling bed smelting furnace, sawing a riser and the bottom of a vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, and then placing the vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot into a horizontal feeder in a feeding bin;
s2-2, vacuumizing:
cleaning the observation window, and then covering a furnace cover for vacuumizing operation;
s2-3, electron beam cold bed smelting:
when the vacuum degree in the electron beam cooling bed furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-2Starting an electron gun to smelt and melt materials at a torr, and starting to pull down when a copper-titanium alloy solution flows into the crystallizer through a cooling bed and completely covers a crystallizer puller;
the smelting and melting material is divided into the following four stages: starting an electron gun stage, an ingot casting bottom making stage, a normal smelting stage and a smelting finishing stage;
wherein, the stage of starting the electron gun is that the copper-titanium solution flows into the crystallizer for the first time after being dissolved, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 8.5 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 60 min;
the ingot bottom making stage is that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer for the first time and then is pulled down, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 7.0 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 35 min;
in the normal smelting stage, the smelting speed, power and pull-down speed are basically stable, the smelting speed and the smelting power begin to decrease from the first pull-down of the cast ingot, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 5.0 multiplied by 10 -3A torr; the vacuumizing time in the smelting process is 110min, and the average smelting speed is 345 kg/h; in the normal smelting stage, a No. 1 gun is used for smelting a copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, the current is controlled to be 7.5A, and the power of a smelting area is set to be 220 KW; the No. 2 gun is used for a crystallizer to ensure that the surface of a molten pool in the crystallizer is completely melted, the current is controlled to be 2.8A, and the power of a melting area is 80 KW; the No. 3 gun is used in a cold bed refining area to ensure that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer from the cold bed through a sprue gate, the current is controlled to be 2A, and the power of a melting area is 56 KW;
the end stage of smelting is from the beginning of reduction of smelting power and smelting speed to the end of smelting ingot casting, the time is 15min, the vacuum degree is 2.5 multiplied by 10-3torr；
S2-4, cooling and discharging:
and after the smelting is finished, cooling for 100min and discharging.
Example 2
A smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction melting:
s1-1, preparing materials:
weighing 2.34 percent of Ti and the balance of Cu according to the percentage content, wherein the Ti is added in a form of CuTi50 intermediate alloy, and the intermediate alloy and the electrolytic copper plate are weighed according to the proportion;
s1-2, charging:
opening an air release valve, opening a furnace cover, erecting a chute after the baked vertical pouring channel base and the steel die are assembled, aligning a chute hole to the center of the vertical pouring channel, placing a heat-insulating riser on the upper part of the steel die, and pushing the riser into an ingot die chamber; placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber; closing the furnace cover, cleaning the observation window and closing the air release valve;
S1-3, vacuumizing:
opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; starting a small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting a large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when the low vacuum gauge is pumped to 4 Pa;
s1-4, smelting:
the power is increased to 155kW, the temperature is kept for 30min,
the power is increased to 310kW, the temperature is kept for 30min,
the power is increased to 530kW, the temperature is kept for 18min,
the power is increased to 728kW, and when the copper plate is completely melted, the power is reduced to 336 KW;
vacuumizing the secondary feeding chamber to 96Pa, opening a baffle valve and a heat shield of the secondary feeding chamber, adding CuTi50 intermediate alloy, increasing the power to 740kW, and preserving the heat for 50 min; reducing power to 310KW, closing the Roots pump and the slide valve pump in sequence, opening the argon filling air valve to slowly fill argon into the furnace body to-0.08 MPa, and closing the argon valve;
slowly adding power to 730kW for refining for 84min, sampling and measuring temperature, and preparing for casting when the temperature reaches 1285 ℃;
s1-5, casting:
reducing the power to 350KW, tilting a crucible preheating furnace nozzle, keeping for 2min, and then starting casting; slowing down the casting starting speed, then appropriately accelerating to ensure that the flow is uniform in the casting process, slowing down the speed to reduce the depth of a shrinkage cavity when the casting is completed, controlling the casting time to be 8min, and rotating the potentiometer to the position of 0 after the casting is completed;
S1-6, discharging:
cooling for 115min, discharging, and demoulding after 170 min;
s2, electron beam cold bed smelting:
s2-1, furnace cleaning and charging: cleaning a hearth of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, sawing a riser and the bottom of a vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, and then putting the vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot into a horizontal feeder in a feeding bin;
s2-2, vacuumizing:
cleaning the observation window, and then covering a furnace cover for vacuumizing operation;
s2-3, electron beam cold bed smelting:
when the vacuum degree in the electron beam cooling bed furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-2Starting an electron gun to smelt and melt materials at a torr, and starting to pull down when a copper-titanium alloy solution flows into the crystallizer through a cooling bed and completely covers a crystallizer puller;
the smelting and melting material is divided into the following four stages: starting an electron gun stage, an ingot casting bottom making stage, a normal smelting stage and a smelting finishing stage;
wherein, the stage of starting the electron gun is that the copper-titanium solution flows into the crystallizer for the first time after being dissolved, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 8.5 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 65 min;
the ingot bottom making stage is that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer for the first time and then is pulled down, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 7.2 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 38 min;
in the normal smelting stage, the smelting speed, power and pull-down speed are basically stable, the smelting speed and the smelting power begin to decrease from the first pull-down of the cast ingot, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 5.1 multiplied by 10 -3A torr; the vacuumizing time in the smelting process is 110min, and the average smelting speed is 345 kg/h; in the normal smelting stage, a No. 1 gun is used for smelting a copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, the current is controlled to be 8A, and the power of a smelting area is set to be 225 KW; the No. 2 gun is used for a crystallizer to ensure that the surface of a molten pool in the crystallizer is completely melted, the current is controlled to be 3A, and the power of a melting area is 85 KW; the No. 3 gun is used in a cold bed refining area to ensure that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer from the cold bed through a sprue gate, the current is controlled at 2.2A, and the power of a melting area is 60 KW;
the end stage of smelting is from the beginning of reduction of smelting power and smelting speed to the end of smelting ingot casting, the time is 18min, the vacuum degree is 2.6 multiplied by 10-3torr；
S2-4, cooling and discharging:
and after the smelting is finished, cooling for 110min and discharging.
Example 3
A smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction melting:
s1-1, preparing materials:
weighing 3.18 percent of Ti and the balance of Cu according to the percentage content, wherein the Ti is added in a form of CuTi50 intermediate alloy, and the intermediate alloy and the electrolytic copper plate are weighed according to the proportion;
s1-2, charging:
opening an air release valve, opening a furnace cover, erecting a chute after the baked vertical pouring channel base and the steel die are assembled, aligning a chute hole to the center of the vertical pouring channel, placing a heat-insulating riser on the upper part of the steel die, and pushing the riser into an ingot die chamber; placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber; closing the furnace cover, cleaning the observation window and closing the air release valve;
S1-3, vacuumizing:
opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; starting a small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting a large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when the low vacuum gauge is pumped to 10 Pa;
s1-4, smelting:
the power is increased to 160kW, the temperature is kept for 35min,
the power is increased to 320kW, the temperature is kept for 35min,
the power is increased to 550kW, the temperature is preserved for 20min,
the power is increased to 750kW, and when the copper plate is completely melted, the power is reduced to 350 KW;
vacuumizing the secondary feeding chamber to 90Pa, opening a baffle valve and a heat shield of the secondary feeding chamber, adding CuTi50 intermediate alloy, increasing the power to 750kW, and preserving the heat for 50 min; reducing the power to 330KW, closing the Roots pump and the slide valve pump in sequence, opening the argon filling air valve to slowly fill argon into the furnace body to-0.08 MPa, and closing the argon valve;
then slowly adding power to 760kW for refining for 90min, sampling and measuring temperature, and preparing for casting when the temperature reaches 1300 ℃;
s1-5, casting:
reducing the power to 350KW, tilting a crucible preheating furnace nozzle, keeping for 2min, and then starting casting; slowing down the casting starting speed, then appropriately accelerating to ensure that the flow is uniform in the casting process, slowing down the speed to reduce the depth of a shrinkage cavity when the casting is completed, controlling the casting time to be 10min, and rotating the potentiometer to the position of 0 after the casting is completed;
S1-6, discharging:
cooling for 120min, discharging, and demolding after 180 min;
s2, electron beam cold bed smelting:
s2-1, furnace cleaning and charging: cleaning a hearth of an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, sawing a riser and the bottom of a vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, and then putting the vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot into a horizontal feeder in a feeding bin;
s2-2, vacuumizing:
cleaning the observation window, and then covering a furnace cover for vacuumizing operation;
s2-3, electron beam cold bed smelting:
when the vacuum degree in the electron beam cooling bed furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-2Starting an electron gun to smelt and melt materials at a torr, and starting to pull down when a copper-titanium alloy solution flows into the crystallizer through a cooling bed and completely covers a crystallizer puller;
the smelting and melting material is divided into the following four stages: starting an electron gun stage, an ingot casting bottom making stage, a normal smelting stage and a smelting finishing stage;
wherein, the stage of starting the electron gun is that the copper-titanium solution flows into the crystallizer for the first time after being dissolved, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 8.6 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 65 min;
the ingot bottom making stage is that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer for the first time and then is pulled down, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 7.3 multiplied by 10-3torr, time 40 min;
in the normal smelting stage, the smelting speed, power and pull-down speed are basically stable, the smelting speed and the smelting power begin to decrease from the first pull-down of the cast ingot, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 5.3 multiplied by 10 -3A torr; the vacuumizing time in the smelting process is 120min, and the average smelting speed is 350 kg/h; in the normal smelting stage, a No. 1 gun is used for smelting a copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, the current is controlled to be 8.8A, and the power of a smelting area is set to be 230 KW; the No. 2 gun is used for a crystallizer to ensure that the surface of a molten pool in the crystallizer is completely melted, the current is controlled to be 3A, and the power of a melting area is 90 KW; the No. 3 gun is used in a cold bed refining area to ensure that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer from the cold bed through a sprue gate, the current is controlled at 2.3A, and the power of a melting area is 60 KW;
end of smelting stageThe period from the beginning of the reduction of the smelting power and the smelting speed to the end of the smelting and the ingot casting is 18min, the vacuum degree is 2.8 multiplied by 10-3torr；
S2-4, cooling and discharging:
and after the smelting is finished, cooling for 120min and discharging.
Example 4
The difference from example 2 is that the Ti content is 1.5%.
Example 5
The difference from example 2 is that the Ti content is 3.5%.
Example 6
The difference from example 2 is that the Ti content is 0.1%.
Example 7
The difference from example 2 is that the Ti content is 4.5%.
The chemical composition of the copper-titanium alloy ingots prepared in examples 1 to 7 was analyzed, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1: composition table of copper-titanium alloy ingot for each example
| Examples | Cu/％ | Ti/％ | O/％ | N/％ | C/％ | S/％ | Total of impurities% |
| Example 1 | 98.56 | 1.4 | 0.0009 | 0.0003 | 0.0012 | <0.001 | 0.027 |
| Example 2 | 97.62 | 2.34 | 0.0013 | 0.0002 | 0.0022 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
| Example 3 | 96.79 | 3.18 | 0.0017 | 0.0002 | 0.0017 | <0.001 | 0.022 |
| Example 4 | 98.5 | 1.5 | 0.0010 | 0.0003 | 0.0013 | <0.001 | 0.027 |
| Example 5 | 96.5 | 3.5 | 0.0017 | 0.0001 | 0.0018 | <0.001 | 0.021 |
| Example 6 | 99.9 | 0.1 | 0.0006 | 0.0002 | 0.0010 | <0.001 | 0.029 |
| Example 7 | 95.5 | 4.5 | 0.0018 | 0.0002 | 0.0015 | <0.001 | 0.028 |
The data in the table 1 show that the copper-titanium alloy ingot prepared by the process has low gas content, less impurities and high purity;
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the copper-titanium alloy ingot prepared by the process of the invention has the advantages of less pores, no macroscopic segregation, no microscopic segregation and other defects, and excellent quality.
Claims (10)
1. A smelting process of a copper-titanium alloy ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, vacuum induction melting:
s1-1, preparing materials:
weighing 0.1-4.5 percent of Ti and the balance of Cu according to the percentage content, wherein the Ti is added in a CuTi50 intermediate alloy form, and weighing the intermediate alloy and the electrolytic copper plate according to the proportion;
s1-2, charging:
placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber;
s1-3, vacuumizing:
vacuumizing the vacuum induction smelting furnace to 1-10 Pa;
s1-4, smelting:
the power is increased to 150-160 kW, the temperature is kept for 30-35 min,
the power is increased to 300-320 kW, the temperature is kept for 30-35 min,
the power is increased to 500-550 kW, the temperature is preserved for 15-20 min,
the power is increased to 700-750 kW, and when the copper plate is completely melted, the power is reduced to 300-350 KW;
Vacuumizing the secondary feeding chamber to be below 100Pa, opening a baffle valve and a heat shield of the secondary feeding chamber, adding CuTi50 intermediate alloy, increasing the power to 700-750 kW, and preserving the heat for 50 min; reducing the power to 300-330 KW, closing the Roots pump and the slide valve pump in sequence, opening the argon filling air valve, slowly filling argon into the furnace body to-0.08 MPa, and closing the argon valve;
slowly adding power to 700-760 kW, refining for 80-90 min, sampling, measuring temperature, and preparing for casting when the temperature reaches 1280-1300 ℃;
s1-5, casting:
reducing the power to 300-350 KW, and starting casting after the crucible is tipped to preheat a furnace nozzle for 1-2 min;
s1-6, discharging:
cooling for 100-120 min, discharging, and demolding after 160-180 min;
s2, electron beam cold bed smelting:
s2-1, cleaning the furnace and charging;
s2-2, vacuumizing:
cleaning the observation window, and then covering a furnace cover for vacuumizing operation;
s2-3, electron beam cold bed smelting:
when the vacuum degree in the electron beam cooling bed furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-2Starting an electron gun to smelt and melt materials at a torr, and starting to pull down when a copper-titanium alloy solution flows into the crystallizer through a cooling bed and completely covers a crystallizer puller;
the smelting and melting material is divided into the following four stages: starting an electron gun stage, an ingot casting bottom making stage, a normal smelting stage and a smelting finishing stage;
S2-4, cooling and discharging:
and after the smelting is finished, cooling for 100-120 min and discharging.
2. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the Ti content is 1.5-3.5%.
3. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1-2, the operation method of charging comprises the following steps: opening an air release valve, opening a furnace cover, erecting a chute after the baked vertical pouring channel base and the steel die are assembled, aligning a chute hole to the center of the vertical pouring channel, placing a heat-insulating riser on the upper part of the steel die, and pushing the riser into an ingot die chamber; placing the prepared electrolytic copper plate into a crucible, and placing CuTi50 intermediate alloy into a secondary feeding chamber; and closing the furnace cover, cleaning the observation window and closing the air release valve.
4. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1-3, the operation method of vacuumizing is as follows: opening a slide valve vacuum pump to roughly vacuumize the furnace body; and starting the small roots pump when the rough vacuum gauge is pumped to 1000Pa, starting the large roots pump when the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and preparing for heating when the low vacuum gauge is pumped to 1-10 Pa.
5. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1-5, the casting time is controlled to be 8-10 min, and after the casting is completed, the potentiometer is rotated to the '0' position.
6. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2-1, the operation method of furnace cleaning and charging comprises the following steps: cleaning a hearth of an electron beam cooling bed smelting furnace, sawing a riser and the bottom of a vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, and then putting the vacuum copper-titanium alloy cast ingot into a horizontal feeder in a feeding bin.
7. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2-3, the stage of starting the electron gun is that the copper-titanium solution flows into the crystallizer for the first time after being melted, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 8.5-8.6 x 10- 3torr, time is 60-65 min.
8. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2-3, the ingot bottom making stage is from the first time that the copper-titanium alloy liquid flows into the crystallizer to the time that the ingot is pulled down, and the vacuum degree in the furnace is 7.0-7.3 x 10-3torr, the time is 35-40 min.
9. The process of smelting a copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step S2-3, in the normal smelting stage, the smelting speed, power and pull-down speed are substantially stable, and the degree of vacuum in the furnace is 5.0 to 5.3 x 10 from the first pull-down of the ingot to the beginning of the reduction of the smelting speed and power -3A torr; the vacuumizing time in the smelting process is 110-120 min, and the average smelting speed is 345-350 kg/h; in a normal smelting stage, a No. 1 gun is used for smelting a copper-titanium alloy cast ingot, the current is controlled to be 7.5-8.8A, and the power of a smelting area is set to be 220-230 KW; the No. 2 gun is used for the crystallizer, the surface of a molten pool in the crystallizer is completely melted, the current is controlled to be 2.8-3A, and the power of a melting area is 80-90 KW; the No. 3 gun is used in the cold bed refining area to ensure the liquid of copper-titanium alloy to flow from the cold bed into the crystallizer through the pouring gate and to control the currentThe temperature of the molten metal is 2-2.3A, and the power of the melting zone is 56-60 KW.
10. The smelting process of the copper-titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step S2-3, the smelting end stage is from the beginning of smelting power and smelting speed to the end of smelting the ingot, the time is 15-18 min, the vacuum degree is 2.5-2.8 x 10-3torr。
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