CN114672638B - Weld joint protection cooling device and method for solving problem of easy cracking of titanium alloy cast ingot after welding - Google Patents
Weld joint protection cooling device and method for solving problem of easy cracking of titanium alloy cast ingot after welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114672638B CN114672638B CN202210272754.7A CN202210272754A CN114672638B CN 114672638 B CN114672638 B CN 114672638B CN 202210272754 A CN202210272754 A CN 202210272754A CN 114672638 B CN114672638 B CN 114672638B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
- C21D9/505—Cooling thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding line protection cooling device, which comprises an argon gas nozzle, a vacuumizing nozzle, a temperature measuring device and a feedback device; argon is sprayed out from the argon nozzle to adjust the temperature of the welding seam, and the vacuum degree of the welding seam is balanced by the vacuumizing nozzle; the temperature measuring device detects the temperature of the welding line; and the feedback device controls the opening and closing of the argon nozzle and the vacuumizing nozzle according to the detected weld temperature. The invention also discloses a method for solving the problem that the titanium alloy cast ingot is easy to crack after welding, the welding line protection cooling device is arranged at the corresponding position of the welding line, vacuum plasma welding is used, an included angle between a welding gun and the welding line and a welding gun swinging angle are arranged before welding, and the titanium alloy cast ingot rotates in a pulse mode during welding. The invention avoids coarsening of crystal grains, reduces residual stress after welding, improves the forming quality of welding seams, and solves the problem of easy cracking after welding in the production process of large-specification titanium alloy cast ingots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a welding line protection cooling device and a method for solving the problem that a titanium alloy cast ingot is easy to crack after welding.
Background
Titanium alloy is taken as a metal material with high specific strength, good high-low temperature performance, corrosion resistance and other excellent comprehensive properties, is favored in the fields of aerospace, ocean, energy application and the like, and the application level of the titanium alloy is one of important marks for measuring the national development level. In order to meet the requirement of larger size and reduce the production cost in the use process of the titanium alloy, a plurality of non-finished titanium alloy ingots with smaller specifications in the smelting process are assembled and welded, and then are smelted later, so that large-specification titanium alloy ingots are produced. At present, the main methods for assembling and welding titanium alloy ingots include vacuum consumable arc furnace in-furnace welding, vacuum plasma argon arc welding and the like.
When the method is used for welding the titanium alloy cast ingot, the comprehensive performance of the titanium alloy weld joint is improved by increasing the types and the contents of alloy elements. However, as the types and contents of alloying elements increase, the risk of cracking of the titanium alloy ingot after welding increases significantly, resulting in the inability to perform subsequent smelting. In addition, the cracked welding seam is extremely easy to cause the blocking/egg dropping in the subsequent smelting process, greatly increases the risk of metallurgical defects in the smelting process, and even causes major safety accidents in smelting. Moreover, when the method is used for welding the titanium alloy ingot, as the arc starting is carried out on the splicing surface of the titanium alloy ingot, the arc starting temperature is higher, the welding heat input is larger, the cooling rate of the welding line in the vacuum furnace is slow, the production efficiency is seriously reduced when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature for several hours, the cooling rate is lower, the grains at the welding line are obviously coarsened, coarse dendrite structures appear, and the crack initiation risk is obviously increased. If the temperature of the welding line is reduced insufficiently, namely the tapping temperature is too high, the cooling rate is too high after the welding line contacts with air, and hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are easily absorbed, brittle hydrides are generated, and the welding line is extremely easy to crack, so that welding failure is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding line protection cooling device and a method for solving the problem that a titanium alloy cast ingot is easy to crack after welding, and solves the problems that the cooling rate is slow after welding, the production efficiency is low and the welding line is easy to crack when the titanium alloy cast ingot is welded in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding line protection cooling device comprises an argon gas nozzle, a vacuumizing nozzle, a temperature measuring device and a feedback device; the argon nozzle sprays argon to adjust the temperature of the welding seam, and the vacuumizing nozzle balances the vacuum degree of the welding seam; the temperature measuring device detects the temperature of a welding line; and the feedback device controls the opening and closing of the argon nozzle and the vacuumizing nozzle according to the detected weld temperature.
The invention also provides a method for solving the problem that the titanium alloy cast ingot is easy to crack after welding, the welding line protection cooling device is arranged at the corresponding position of the welding line, vacuum plasma welding is used, an included angle between a welding gun and the welding line and a welding gun swinging angle are arranged before welding, and the titanium alloy cast ingot rotates in a pulse mode during welding.
Preferably, the welding line protection cooling device is arranged on the vacuum bin, and a plurality of welding line protection cooling devices are uniformly arranged around the titanium alloy cast ingot.
Preferably, the welding gun is a swaying type plasma welding gun, and the swaying path of the swaying type plasma welding gun is ︶.
Preferably, the swing frequency of the welding gun is 1/4 of the rotation frequency of the titanium alloy cast ingot, and the swing angle of the welding gun isWherein beta is the swinging angle, and theta is the included angle between the highest position and the lowest position of the welding gun.
Preferably, the included angle between the welding gun and the welding line is 85-95 degrees.
Preferably, the rotation frequency of the titanium alloy ingot casting is 3-10 degrees per minute, and each rotation is stopped for 1-5 seconds.
Preferably, the cooling rate of the weld temperature is 10-100 ℃ per minute.
Preferably, the weld off-warehouse temperature is less than 200 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The titanium alloy ingot provided by the invention rotates in a pulse mode, so that the weld plumpness can be obviously increased, the weld penetration can be greatly improved, and the weld strength can be improved.
2. The swaying type plasma welding gun swings in ︶ mode during welding, meanwhile, the distance between the spliced ingot surfaces is controlled to reduce the spliced weld joint, and the plasma welding technology is adopted to start an arc between the welding gun and the spliced surfaces, so that welding heat input is reduced, coarsening of crystal grains is avoided, and residual stress after welding is reduced.
3. By arranging the welding line protection cooling device around the vacuum bin, the instant argon vacuum cooling and the adjustment of the cooling rate are adopted, the welding line cooling rate is accurately adjusted, fine equiaxial crystal grains are obtained, the welding strength is improved, the welding line cooling time is greatly shortened, the problem that cracks crack along coarse crystal grain boundaries due to the fact that the welding line cooling rate is too high when the welding line is taken out of the bin is avoided, and therefore the welding line strength is improved.
4. The invention has high process controllability and is easy to realize automatic production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for welding titanium alloy ingots according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a weld protection cooling device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the swing angle of a swing type plasma torch.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a welding process according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a titanium alloy ingot casting, a 2-step swaying plasma welding gun, a 3-step vacuum bin, a 4-step temperature measuring device, a 5-step argon nozzle, a 6-step feedback device, a 7-step vacuumizing nozzle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific position, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the weld joint protection cooling device of the present invention includes:
The titanium alloy cast ingot 1 is rotatably placed in the vacuum bin 3, a welding gun capable of swinging is arranged above the titanium alloy cast ingot, a plurality of welding line protection cooling devices are uniformly arranged around the titanium alloy cast ingot, and 9 welding line protection cooling devices are uniformly arranged around the titanium alloy cast ingot at equal angles, as shown in fig. 2, each welding line protection cooling device comprises an argon gas nozzle 5, a vacuumizing nozzle 7, a temperature measuring device 4 and a feedback device 6; argon is sprayed out from the argon nozzle to adjust the temperature of the welding seam, and the vacuum degree of the welding seam is balanced by the vacuumizing nozzle; the temperature measuring device detects the temperature of the welding line; and the feedback device controls the opening and closing of the argon nozzle and the vacuumizing nozzle according to the detected weld temperature. The weld joint protection cooling devices are used for controlling the temperature of the weld joint in real time, each weld joint protection cooling device can independently operate, and the positions of the weld joints to be detected can be regulated and controlled at different cooling rates.
When the titanium alloy ingot casting works, the titanium alloy ingot casting is rotated in a pulse mode, namely, rotated for a certain angle and stopped for a certain time, and the rotation is driven by a motor in a vacuum bin; the welding gun is a swaying type plasma welding gun 2, and can keep '︶' type swing during operation.
The working principle of the welding line protection cooling device is as follows: when the temperature of the welding line is higher, a temperature signal is transmitted to a feedback device by a temperature measuring device, then the feedback device automatically adjusts an argon nozzle air valve and an air valve of a vacuumizing nozzle, the argon nozzle sprays argon for protection and cooling, and meanwhile, the vacuumizing nozzle pumps out the argon in the vacuum bin, so that the air pressure balance in the vacuum bin is ensured.
As shown in fig. 4, the method for solving the problem of easy cracking of the titanium alloy cast ingot after welding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the titanium alloy cast ingot to be welded into a vacuum bin, adjusting the included angle between the swaying type plasma welding gun and the welding line, adjusting the pulse rotation frequency of the titanium alloy cast ingot, and adjusting the swaying angle of the swaying type plasma welding gun;
(2) Turning on a welding power supply, simultaneously turning on a welding line protection cooling device, and setting the average cooling speed of the welding line;
(3) The titanium alloy cast ingot rotates in a pulse type rotation mode, and meanwhile, the swaying type plasma welding gun keeps ︶ type swing;
(4) And the weld joint protection cooling device monitors and adjusts the temperature of the weld joint in real time.
In the step (1), the distance D between the butt joint surfaces of the to-be-welded titanium alloy ingots is 2-5 mm.
In the step (1), the pulse rotation frequency of the titanium alloy cast ingot is 3-10 degrees per minute, and each rotation is stopped for 1-5 seconds.
In the step (1), as shown in fig. 1, the included angle between the swaying type plasma welding gun and the welding line is 85-95 degrees, the swaying frequency of the swaying type plasma welding gun is 1/4 of the rotation frequency of the titanium alloy cast ingot, and as shown in fig. 3, the swaying type plasma welding gun sways at an angle ofWherein beta is a swinging angle, and theta is an included angle between the highest position and the lowest position of the welding gun;
specifically, during the welding process, the titanium alloy ingot rotates in a 'pulse' rotation mode in the reverse time, when the titanium alloy ingot rotates for half a period, the swaying type plasma welding gun also swings at the same time, when the titanium alloy ingot rotates for a pause, the swaying type plasma welding gun swings to the 1/4 position of one side of '︶', and when the titanium alloy ingot rotates for a pause, the swaying type plasma welding gun swings to the 1/4 position of the other side of '︶'.
In the step (2), the welding current and welding voltage parameters are within the parameter control range for plasma welding.
In the step (2), the average cooling speed of the welding line is controlled to be 10-100 ℃ per minute.
In the step (4), the temperature of the weld joint discharged from the bin is controlled to be less than 200 ℃.
The invention solves the problem that the existing titanium alloy cast ingot is easy to crack after welding, and simultaneously adopts the swaying type plasma welding gun and the rotatable titanium alloy metal cast ingot, thereby greatly improving the quality of welding seams.
Embodiment one:
The above experiments, including the results obtained by the experiments, are only embodiments adopted for facilitating understanding of the technical scheme of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
2 TC4 titanium alloy cast ingots with phi 560mm are selected, the included angle between a swaying type plasma welding gun and a welding line is adjusted to be 90 degrees, the pulse-type rotation frequency of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingots is 5 degrees/min, the pause time is 2s, the swaying angle of the swaying type plasma welding gun is theta=4 degrees, a welding power supply is turned on, and arc starting welding is started; simultaneously starting a welding line protection cooling device around the cylindrical vacuum bin, immediately protecting and cooling the welding line, setting the average cooling speed of the welding line to be controlled at 35 ℃/min, and finishing the welding line at 130 ℃; after the ingot is discharged from the furnace, the cast ingot weld joint shows good titanium alloy luster, and the weld joint is even and full and has no crack.
Embodiment two:
2 Ti1023 titanium alloy cast ingots with phi 440mm are selected, the included angle between a swaying plasma welding gun and a welding line is adjusted to be 92 degrees, the pulse-type rotation frequency of the Ti1023 titanium alloy cast ingots is 2 degrees/min, the pause time is 4s, the swaying plasma welding gun has a swaying angle of theta=2 degrees, a welding power supply is turned on, and arc starting welding is started; simultaneously starting a welding line protection cooling device around the cylindrical vacuum bin, immediately protecting and cooling the welding line, setting the average cooling speed of the welding line to be controlled at 50 ℃/min, and finishing the welding line at 70 ℃; after the ingot is discharged from the furnace, the cast ingot weld joint shows good titanium alloy luster, and the weld joint is even and full and has no crack.
Embodiment III:
2 TA15 titanium alloy cast ingots with phi 560mm are selected, the included angle between a swaying type plasma welding gun and a welding line is adjusted to be 90 degrees, the pulse-type rotation frequency of the TA15 titanium alloy cast ingots is 3 degrees/min, the pause time is 2s, the swaying angle of the swaying type plasma welding gun is theta=5 degrees, a welding power supply is turned on, and arc starting welding is started; simultaneously starting a welding line protection cooling device around the cylindrical vacuum bin, immediately protecting and cooling the welding line, setting the average cooling speed of the welding line to be controlled at 40 ℃/min, and finishing the welding line at 120 ℃; after the ingot is discharged from the furnace, the cast ingot weld joint shows good titanium alloy luster, and the weld joint is even and full and has no crack.
Embodiment four:
2 TA15 titanium alloy cast ingots with phi 560mm are selected, the included angle between a swaying type plasma welding gun and a welding line is adjusted to be 94 degrees, the pulse-type rotation frequency of the TA15 titanium alloy cast ingots is 9 degrees/min, the pause time is 4s, the swaying angle of the swaying type plasma welding gun is theta=5 degrees, a welding power supply is turned on, and arc starting welding is started; simultaneously starting a welding line protection cooling device around the cylindrical vacuum bin, immediately protecting and cooling the welding line, setting the average cooling speed of the welding line to be controlled at 90 ℃/min, and finishing the welding line at 80 ℃; after the ingot is discharged from the furnace, the cast ingot weld joint shows good titanium alloy luster, and the weld joint is even and full and has no crack.
Fifth embodiment:
2 TC4 titanium alloy cast ingots with phi 560mm are selected, the included angle between a swaying type plasma welding gun and a welding line is adjusted to be 86 degrees, the pulse-type rotation frequency of the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingots is 5 degrees/min, the pause time is 2s, the swaying angle of the swaying type plasma welding gun is theta=4 degrees, a welding power supply is turned on, and arc starting welding is started; simultaneously starting a welding line protection cooling device around the cylindrical vacuum bin, immediately protecting and cooling the welding line, setting the average cooling speed of the welding line to be controlled at 20 ℃/min, and finishing the welding line at 180 ℃; after the ingot is discharged from the furnace, the cast ingot weld joint shows good titanium alloy luster, and the weld joint is even and full and has no crack.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the embodiments described above, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A method for solving the problem of easy cracking of a titanium alloy cast ingot after welding is characterized in that a weld joint protection cooling device is arranged at a corresponding position of a weld joint, the weld joint protection cooling device is arranged on a vacuum bin, and a plurality of weld joint protection cooling devices are uniformly arranged around the titanium alloy cast ingot; the welding seam protection cooling device comprises an argon nozzle, a vacuumizing nozzle, a temperature measuring device and a feedback device; the argon nozzle sprays argon to adjust the temperature of the welding seam, and the vacuumizing nozzle balances the vacuum degree of the welding seam; the temperature measuring device detects the temperature of a welding line; the feedback device controls the opening and closing of the argon nozzle and the vacuumizing nozzle according to the detected weld temperature; setting an included angle between a welding gun and a welding line and a welding gun swinging angle before welding by using vacuum plasma welding, and rotating a titanium alloy cast ingot in a pulse mode during welding; the welding gun is a swaying type plasma welding gun, and the swaying path of the swaying type plasma welding gun is ︶.
2. The method for solving the problem of easy cracking after welding of a titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the swinging frequency of the welding gun is 1/4 of the rotating frequency of the titanium alloy ingot, and the swinging angle of the welding gun isWherein beta is the swinging angle, and theta is the included angle between the highest position and the lowest position of the welding gun.
3. The method for solving the problem of easy cracking after welding of a titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the welding gun and the welding line is 85-95 degrees.
4. The method for solving the problem of easy cracking after welding of a titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the rotation frequency of the titanium alloy ingot is 3-10 degrees per minute, and each rotation is stopped for 1-5 s.
5. The method for solving the problem of easy cracking after welding of titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the cooling speed of the welding line temperature is 10 ℃ to 100 ℃ per minute.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the weld joint off-warehouse temperature is less than 200 ℃.
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| 随焊激冷焊接技术的研究与进展;肖秀程等;焊接(第7期);第41-47页 * |
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