CN114671926B - 一类抑制PD-L1的两亲性α-螺旋多肽及其应用 - Google Patents
一类抑制PD-L1的两亲性α-螺旋多肽及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类抑制PD‑L1的两亲性α‑螺旋多肽及其应用。本发明通过考察所述多肽体外对PD‑1/PD‑L1蛋白结合抑制作用、体内外抗肿瘤效果以及体内免疫激活作用,验证所述多肽能够阻断PD‑1/PD‑L1信号通路,激活T细胞的免疫反应,具有抗肿瘤效果。本发明多肽可以采用固相合成方法制备得到,相较于单克隆抗体和小分子化合物,解决了免疫相关毒性、药代动力学和肿瘤渗透不足以及制造商和消费者的高成本负担等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及阻断程序性死亡受体PD-1与其靶点PD-L1相互作用的一类多肽,可应用于制备抗肿瘤治疗的药物。
背景技术
肿瘤免疫治疗(Tumor immunotherapy)是通过调动或重建机体自身免疫系统,增强抗肿瘤免疫应答能力,从而抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞,现已成为肿瘤治疗领域的研究热点。研究表明,包括PD-1(Programmed death 1)/PD-L1(Programmed death ligand 1)、CTLA-4(Cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte-associated protein 4)、Lag-3(Lymphocyteactivation gene-3protein)、Tim-3(T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3)等在内的多种免疫检查点与疾病进展息息相关。目前,多种PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体抑制剂获得FDA 批准上市,包括Pembrolizumab、Nivolumab、Cemiplimab、Atezolizumab、Durvalumab、Avelumab,用于治疗黑色素瘤、肾癌、非小细胞肺癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌、尿路上皮癌、乳腺癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤等多种疾病。虽然PD-1/PD-L1单克隆抗体抑制剂在治疗多种实体瘤或转移瘤中展现显著疗效,但是生产成本高昂,患者经济压力大;相对分子质量大,实体瘤穿透能力差,具有免疫原性;最重要的是,半衰期长、亲和力高,引起持续的靶向抑制,从而导致严重免疫相关不良事件发生,因此在一定程度上限制了其应用。为克服单抗类免疫检查点抑制剂的这类缺陷,多肽成为了一种新的选择,多肽相较于单克隆抗体,具有较小的相对分子量,可以解决单克隆抗体多种问题。因此,开发能够避免上述缺陷的多肽类抑制剂具有重要意义。
载脂蛋白A-I(ApoA-I)在高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病的的发生及发展中起到重要作用。近年来,根据ApoA-I蛋白开发出一系列具有两亲性螺旋结构的ApoA-I模拟肽,且已被证实具有抗肿瘤作用。越来越多的研究证明,ApoA-I及其模拟肽的抗肿瘤效果可能与免疫系统调节有关,包括骨髓源性抑制细胞(MDSC)、细胞毒性T细胞和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞。不少关于ApoA-I蛋白免疫调节机制研究的文献已被报道,但没有其与免疫检查点的相关研究。因此,在本发明中,根据免疫检查点的特点,在ApoA-I模拟肽的结构基础上设计新型的可以阻断PD-1/PD-L1结合的多肽抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种可以与PD-L1特异性结合从而阻断PD-1/PD-L1相互作用、调节免疫系统且具有抗肿瘤效果的多肽抑制剂。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一类可以阻断PD-1/PD-L1相互作用的多肽抑制剂,所述多肽具有两亲性α-螺旋性质。
多肽的氨基酸序列为以下及具有其85%-99%同一性序列的任意一种:
Peptide:H-S-H-F-S-A-S-Y-D-K-Y-A-E-K-F-OH(H-Ser-His-Phe-Ser-Ala-Ser-Tyr-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Glu-Lys-Phe-OH)
多肽的结构式为:
进一步地,所述多肽应用于阻断PD-1/PD-L1的相互作用,克服免疫逃逸。
所述多肽在制备治疗癌症药物中的应用:
本发明的抗PD-L1多肽可用于制备抗肿瘤药物,或用于抗肿瘤治疗。优选地,所述肿瘤可选自乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、黑色素瘤、肝癌等。但不限于抗肿瘤药物或抗肿瘤治疗。
本发明技术方案如下:
本发使用固相肽方式合成多肽,对已经连接好的第一个氨基酸的树脂进行溶胀后脱保护,缩合下一个氨基酸,以此类推,得到树脂肽进行切割,可获得多肽。通过均相时间分辨荧光(Homogeneous Time-resolved Fluorescence,HTRF)技术表明,本发明的多肽抑制剂可以有效阻断PD-1/PD-L1蛋白相互作用。
本发明的多肽在体外细胞共培养体系中能够抑制PD-1/PD-L1的相互作用。在肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-231和Jurkat细胞共培养体系中,肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-231的表面表达PD-L1,Jurkat细胞表面表达PD-1,PD-L1/PD-1的相互作用抑制Jurkat细胞的细胞因子如IL-2的分泌。本发明的多肽抑制剂对Jurkat细胞分泌IL-2有显著促进效果,表明本发明的多肽能够阻断PD-1/PD-L1相互作用,恢复Jurkat细胞的免疫作用,从而发挥对肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-231的攻击。
本发明构建4T1荷瘤小鼠模型,使用鼠源IFN-γ诱导肿瘤PD-L1表达,治疗期间,监测小鼠体重及肿瘤变化。给药结束后,所述多肽治疗的小鼠肿瘤明显小于BMS-202阳性对照组,说明所述多肽具有抗肿瘤效果。小鼠血清IFN-γ、IL-4的浓度均有明显提升,且免疫组化技术显示在小鼠肿瘤组织中CD8+、GZMB和IFN-γ均有明显表达,说明所述多肽具有调节肿瘤免疫系统的作用。
本发明的优点在于:
1.本发明的多肽可以有效阻断PD-1/PD-L1相互作用,在体内外模型中表现良好,具体效果为显著提高T细胞的活性,使其消除免疫抑制的作用,阻止肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸进而产生抑瘤效果。
2.本发明的多肽相较于单克隆抗体,有着更好的肿瘤组织穿透力,可以降低免疫原性。
3.本发明的多肽生物相容性高,不会对正常细胞及机体产生其他影响。
4.本发明的多肽可以采用固相合成的方法制备,简单易行,成本低。
附图说明
图1为使用HTRF技术检测所述多肽在体外对PD-1/PD-L1相互作用的阻断效果。
图2为Jurkat细胞与MDA-MB-231细胞共培养时,所述多肽及阳性对照BMS-202在一定范围浓度内促进Jurkat细胞分泌IL-2的实验结果。
图3为所述多肽对4T1-荷瘤小鼠治疗两周后的肿瘤抑制效果图。
图4为所述多肽对4T1-荷瘤小鼠治疗期间,小鼠肿瘤生长曲线图。
图5为所述多肽对4T1-荷瘤小鼠治疗期间,小鼠体重变化曲线图。
图6为使用Elisa法检测所述多肽促进4T1-荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-4的表达图。
图7为使用Elisa法检测所述多肽促进4T1-荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子IFN-γ的表达图
具体实施方式
以下结合附图通过具体的实施例对本发明作进一步描述,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1所述多肽在体外阻断PD-1/PD-L1相互作用实验
1.药物处理
实验前,将待测的多肽和阳性对照药品(BMS-202)分别用Diluent Buffer和DMSO溶解,均配成浓度为100mM的母液,然后用Diluent Buffer分别稀释为10mM、1000μM、100μM、10μM、1μM的待测液,于-20℃冻存。将HTRF试剂盒中的Tag1-PD-L1(0.1mg/mL,1.845μM,35μL)、Tag2-PD-1(0.5mg/Ml,27.8μM,25μL)蛋白工作液用Diluent Buffer分别稀释为终浓度25nM和250nM,分装于样品管中。将HTRF试剂盒中的能量供体Anti-Tag1-Eu3+(25μL)、能量供体Anti-Tag2-XL665(100μL)储备溶液用Detection Buffer分别稀释100倍和25倍,分装于样品管中,统一储存于-80℃,分装试剂现取现用,避免反复冻融。
2.实验步骤
(1)取一块崭新的96浅孔板,预设给药组、negative组、positive组和阳性对照组,每组三个复孔,并进行编号。
(2)从-80℃冰箱中取出Tag2-PD-1、Tagl-PD-L1、Anti-Tagl-Eu3+、Anti-Tag2-XL665工作液,于冰上解冻。
(3)用移液枪向给药组加入4μL Tag1-PD-L1工作液、4μL Tag2-PD-1工作液和2μL多肽溶液;用移液枪向阳性对照组加入4μL Tag1-PD-L1工作液、4μL Tag2-PD-1工作液和2μL BMS-202溶液;用移液枪向positive组加入4μL Tag1-PD-L1工作液、4μL Tag2-PD-1工作液和2μL Diluent Buffer溶液;用移液枪向negative组加入4μL Tag1-PD-L1工作液、6μLDiluent Buffer溶液。分别吹打混匀孵育15分钟。
(4)用移液枪向每个孔中分别加入5μL Anti-Tag1-Eu3+、5μL Anti-Tag2-XL665储备液,吹打混匀后,封膜避光孵育2小时。
(5)孵育结束后,使用BioTek多功能酶标仪分别于320nm刺激,665nm、620nm发射,测定每个孔的发射信号值。
(6)根据以下公式,计算发射信号比率和抑制率,重复算出平均值和标准偏差(SD)。
Emission Ratio(ER)=665nm Emission signal/620nm Emission signal
Rejection rate=(ERpositive-ERsample)/(ERpositive-ERnegative)×100%
HTRF结果(附图1)显示化合物BMS-202通过诱导PD-L1二聚化从而抑制PD-1/PD-L1复合物的形成,有效阻断了PD-1和PD-L1之间的相互作用。虽然所述多肽没有表现出与BMS-202相同水平的抑制活性,但它们具有明显阻碍PD-1/PD-L1相互作用能力,具有剂量依赖性。所述多肽的IC50值为2.977μM。根据IC50值,可知多肽具有阻断肿瘤PD-1/PD-L1结合的能力,从而激活CD8+T细胞分泌细胞因子并抑制肿瘤生长。
实施例2Jurkat细胞与MDA-MB-231细胞共培养,使用Elisa法检测细胞上清液IL-2分泌
1.培养基配置:取20μg人源IFN-γ溶于1mL ddH2O中,配制成20μg/mL母液,分装至多个EP管中,冻存于-80℃超低温冰箱。使用DMEM完全培养基将人源IFN-γ母液配置成含有10ng/mL人源IFN-γ的DMEM完全培养基,分装冻存。同理,使用RPMI-1640完全培养基将佛波醇12-十四酸酯13-乙酸酯(Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA)和植物血凝素(Phytohemagglutinin,PHA)配置成含有50ng/L PMA和1μg/mL PHA的RPMI-1640完全培养基,分装冻存。
2.细胞培养:将乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞在含有10ng/mL人源IFN-γ的DMEM完全培养基下培养24小时以诱导MDA-MB-231细胞高表达PD-L1,Jurkat细胞在含有50ng/L PMA和1μg/mL PHA的RPMI-1640完全培养基下培养24小时促进Jurkat细胞分化。
3.细胞共培养:将1×104个MDA-MB-231细胞/孔加入96孔板中并孵育4小时以允许细胞粘附。然后弃去培养基上清液,每孔加入4×104个Jurkat细胞。将共培养体系在37℃下在培养箱中培养48h。
4.IL-2含量检测:
(1)收集细胞上清液,放入高速离心机中3000rpm离心20min,吸取上清备用。
(2)洗涤缓冲液的配制:将浓缩的洗涤缓冲液用蒸馏水稀释30倍后备用,若浓缩洗涤液有结晶析出,可水浴加热,直至完全溶解。
(3)IL-2标准曲线溶液制备:IL-2起始母液浓度为480pg/mL,向第一个离心管中加入150μL IL-2起始母液,用移液枪吹打均匀后,依次向后一离心管中转移150μL,配制浓度为320pg/mL、160pg/mL、80pg/mL、40pg/mL、20pg/mL和10pg/mL的IL-2标准品溶液,IL-2标准品溶液稀释缓冲液(0pg/mL)可作为空白孔。
(4)样本孵育和吸光度测定
加样:将6个浓度的标准品溶液每孔50μL加于酶标板孔底部。样品组按照1个候选多肽给药组(5个浓度梯度),1个阳性药物组(5个浓度梯度),和1个正常对照组,每孔加10μL待测样品于酶标板孔底部,再用样品稀释液稀释5倍,每组3个复孔,设置不加样品及酶标试剂,其余各步操作相同的空白孔。加样结束后,轻轻摇晃,使之混合均匀。
样本孵育:轻轻晃动混匀后,用全新封口膜将96微孔板封板,并置于37℃孵育30分钟。
洗板:小心撕开封口膜,用吸管除去液体甩干后,每孔加满洗涤缓冲液,静置30秒弃去,如此洗板5次,拍干酶标板。
加酶并孵育:每孔加入50μL酶标试剂,用全新封口膜将96微孔板封板,并置于37℃孵育30分钟。
洗板:小心撕开封口膜,用吸管除去液体甩干后,每孔加满洗涤缓冲液,静置30秒弃去,如此洗板5次,拍干酶标板。
显色:每孔先后加入50μL显色剂A、显色剂B,轻轻晃动混匀,用锡纸包裹酶标板后,37℃避光显色15分钟。
终止:每孔加入50μL/孔终止液,终止反应,轻轻晃动混匀,孔内颜色由蓝色转化为黄色。
检测:在添加终止液15分钟内,用酶标仪在450nm波长测定各孔的吸光度OD值。
(5)数据处理
以标准物的浓度为横坐标,OD值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,确定直线回归方程式。将样品的OD值代入标准曲线方程式,计算出样品浓度,再乘以稀释倍数,即为样品的实际浓度。
为了研究所述多肽在细胞层面在抑制PD-1/PD-L1相互作用方面的能力,本发明将Jurkat细胞与肿瘤细胞MDA-MB-231共培养以模拟体外PD-1/PD-L1相互作用。Jurkat激活过程中主要释放细胞因子IL-2,因此IL-2的分泌含量可以表明所述多肽具有抑制PD-1/PD-L1相互作用,从而推定所述多肽具有阻断肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸的能力。如附图2所示,观察到所述多肽组的IL-2水平在一定浓度范围内显著高于对照组,这表明所述多肽具有抑制PD-1/PD-L1相互作用的能力。所此外,阳性对照组BMS-202在提高IL-2水平方面有着最好的效果,证明使用Elisa法测定IL-2分泌是准确无误的。
实施例3以所述多肽为例进行体内抗肿瘤活性实验
通过建立4T1-荷瘤小鼠模型来考察所述多肽的体内抗肿瘤活性,方法与结果如下:
1.材料与分组:15只6-8周的雌性balb/c小鼠订购于江苏大学实验动物中心。将小鼠随机分为3组,每组5只:多肽组(20mg/kg)、阳性对照BMS-202(10mg/kg)、模型组(生理盐水)。将20mg多肽溶于10mL生理盐水中,配制为2mg/mL多肽溶液,分装冻存。取1mL 25mg/mL的澄清DMSO储备液加到9mL 20%的SBE-β-CD生理盐水水溶液中,混合均匀,将10mg BMS-202溶于该溶液中,获得1mg/mL BMS-202溶液,分装冻存。将50μg鼠源IFN-γ溶于0.5mL超纯水中,使用生理盐水定容至66.67mL,分装冻存备用。
2.4T1-荷瘤小鼠模型构建:收集4T1细胞悬浮于PBS中制备成1×107/mL细胞悬液,在小鼠左侧腋下接种乳腺癌细胞4T1,每只0.2mL。
3.给药:待肿瘤生长到体积大概100mm3时开始瘤内注射0.2mL共1000IU鼠源IFN-γ,连续三天,用于诱导肿瘤高表达PD-L1。次日,每只每次瘤内注射0.2mL药物,隔天给药,给药2周。给药时测量肿瘤体积和小鼠体重。
4.肿瘤解剖:给药结束第二天使用二氧化碳窒息法处死小鼠,然后使用手术器械将给药组和模型组的小鼠解剖,完整剥离出肿瘤瘤组织并眼球取血。
如附图3所示,生理盐水组的小鼠的肿瘤体积较大,而多肽给药组小鼠肿瘤体积较小。附图4所示,治疗18天后生理盐水组的小鼠的体积增加了近2.3倍。相反,所述多肽和阳性对照BMS-202具有明显抑制肿瘤生长的效果。阳性对照BMS-202组的抑瘤率达到53.14%,而所述多肽组的抑瘤率可以达到69.31%,高于阳性对照BMS-202组抑瘤率。此外,在治疗过程中在所述多肽对小鼠中体重的影响可以忽略不计(附图5),表明所述多肽具有良好的耐受性和生物相容性。
实例4通过Elisa方法考察小鼠血清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量
方法与结果如下:
1.经摘眼球取到的血液于4℃静置过夜,待第二天分层之后,5000rpm离心10min,吸取上清备用。
2.按实施例2中Elisa检测方法检测IL-4和IFN-γ的含量。
为了进一步表征免疫反应,比较了小鼠血清中IL-4和IFN-γ的分泌水平,作为T细胞活性的重要指标。如附图6、附图7所示,所述多肽组的IL-4和IFN-γ的水平显著高于生理盐水组,实验结果表明所述多肽可以有效激活T细胞,从而增加抗肿瘤能力。
实施例5以所述多肽为例通过免疫组化(IHC)方法考察小鼠肿瘤组织中颗粒酶B(Granzyme B,GZMB)、CD8+和干扰素-γ(Interferon gamma,IFN-γ)蛋白含量
方法与结果如下:
1.取材和固定
将小鼠新鲜组织用4%多聚甲醛固定液完全浸泡24h,使组织、细胞的蛋白质变性凝固,以防止细胞死后的自溶或细菌的分解,从而保持细胞本来的形态结构。
2.脱水透明
一般用由低浓度到高浓度酒精作脱水剂,逐渐脱去组织块中的水份。再将组织块置于无水乙醇和二甲苯1:1的混合溶液中浸泡20min,取出后继续放入另外一缸纯二甲苯中浸泡10min。
3.浸蜡包埋
将已透明的组织块置于已溶化的石蜡中,放入溶蜡箱保温。待石蜡完全浸入组织块后进行包埋:先制备好容器,倒入已溶化的石蜡,迅速夹取已浸透石蜡的组织块放入其中。冷却凝固成块。
4.切片与贴片
将包埋好的蜡块固定于切片机上,切成薄片,一般为5-8μm厚。切下的薄片往往皱折,要放到加热的水中烫平,再贴到载玻片上,放45℃恒温箱中烘干。
5.脱蜡
将切片放入二甲苯浸泡3次,5min/次,最后一次用新鲜的二甲苯,无水乙醇浸泡2次,5min/次,最后一次用新鲜的无水乙醇,95%乙醇浸泡1次,5min,90%乙醇浸泡1次,5min,75%乙醇浸泡1次,5min,ddH2O在摇床上清洗2次,5min/次。
6.抗原修复
浸泡在抗原修复液(1X)中100℃加热15min,自然冷却至室温,ddH2O洗2次,5min/次,切片加入3%过氧化氢水溶液中,室温孵育10min。免疫组化笔画圆,山羊血清封闭37℃孵育1h,吸弃封闭液,加入一抗,4℃孵育过夜(抗体回收)。第二天,一抗孵育结束后,放入室温,回升温度,在37℃孵育30min,TBST缓冲液洗3次,5min/次,二抗37℃孵育30min,TBST缓冲液洗3次,5min/次。加入链霉亲和素-生物素复合物(Strept avidin-biotin complex,SABC),37℃孵育30min,PBS洗3次,5min/次。使用DAB显色剂染色,室温孵育3-10min,ddH2O洗去。苏木素复染20s,ddH2O洗去,酸性分化液分化(2-5s)(75%酒精99mL+盐酸1mL),自来水冲洗10min。
7.脱水
95%乙醇浸泡切片脱水2min,新鲜的95%乙醇脱水2min;100%乙醇脱水2min,新鲜的100%乙醇脱水2min;二甲苯浸泡2次,5min/次,新鲜的二甲苯浸泡5min。
8.中性树脂封片
在载玻片中央滴2-3滴树胶液,然后把盖玻片慢慢放上去,轻轻挤压,树胶液会向外侧扩散至整个镜片,通风晾几个小时后用棉球粘上透明剂或者松节油把镜片边缘多余的树胶擦洗干净。然后再放在通风处晾干,封片可常温保存。
以上数据通过GraphPad软件Oneway ANOVA检验分析,显著性水平定义为:*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,****p<0.0001。
序列表
<110> 江苏大学
<120> 一种抑制PD-L1的两亲性α-螺旋多肽及其应用
<141> 2022-04-06
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> Artificial Sequence
<400> 1
Ser His Phe Ser Ala Ser Tyr Asp Lys Tyr Ala Glu Lys Phe
1 5 10
Claims (2)
1.一类抑制PD-L1的两亲性α-螺旋多肽,其特征在于,所述多肽具有两亲性α-螺旋性质,所述多肽序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示;
多肽的结构式为:
2.如权利要求1所述的一类抑制PD-L1的两亲性α-螺旋多肽,其特征在于,用于制备抗肿瘤的药物,肿瘤为乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、黑色素瘤或肝癌。
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CN110054666A (zh) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-26 | 中山大学肿瘤防治中心(中山大学附属肿瘤医院、中山大学肿瘤研究所) | 一种用于抑制细胞pd-l1表达的多肽及其应用 |
CN113769063A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种多肽ptpr在制备肿瘤免疫治疗药物中的应用 |
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CN113769063A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种多肽ptpr在制备肿瘤免疫治疗药物中的应用 |
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