CN114670466A - 具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114670466A
CN114670466A CN202210412273.1A CN202210412273A CN114670466A CN 114670466 A CN114670466 A CN 114670466A CN 202210412273 A CN202210412273 A CN 202210412273A CN 114670466 A CN114670466 A CN 114670466A
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epoxy resin
fiber prepreg
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郭鹏宗
潘童
汪加欢
王彤
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Zhongfu Shenying Shanghai Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法。所述方法将碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料预浸料单向带以[45/0/‑45‑90]ns、n＝3或4的铺层顺序铺层，将预浸料坯件和辅助材料进行组合装袋，然后将组合坯件送入热压罐，按树脂体系的固化工艺制备层压板。本发明采用特定的铺层顺序，结合热压罐成型工艺，在不添加其他增强成分的前提下明显提高了CFRP层压板的冲击后压缩性能，为其性能的进一步优化提供了基础。

Description

具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于先进复合材料技术领域，涉及一种具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳纤维预浸料是一种制备高性能碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的极为重要的新型中间基材，随着CFRP在航空航天等高新技术领域的应用逐渐广泛，对碳纤维预浸料层压板制备工艺的要求逐渐提高。其中，热压罐成型工艺由于其能在很大范围内适应各种材料对加工工艺条件的要求，受到广泛关注。
CFRP层压板的力学性能直接影响碳纤维预浸料的研制与应用，其中，落锤冲击后层压板的损伤特性以及其压缩性能是复合材料结构损伤容限设计必须考虑的严重情况之一，甚至可以用来对CFRP韧性进行表征。因此CFRP层压板冲击损伤及其冲击后压缩强度(CAI)的试验研究一直是许多研究者关注的中心。文献1对环氧树脂进行改性处理，采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)工艺分别制备了[±45/0/90]S、[908]T、[08]T三种铺层角度下的CFRP层合板。与其他铺层角度相比，[±45/0/90]S铺层CFRP有效抑制了冲击裂纹的扩展，其冲击后压缩强度达到124.8MPa(王森，赖佳美，阮金琦等.不同粒子改性环氧树脂基碳纤维复合材料低速冲击及冲击后压缩强度.材料导报，2021，35(2).)。文献2利用浸渍提拉法制备PEK-C膜，通过热压成型制备了层间增韧CFRP层合板，其冲击后压缩强度最佳可达186.67MPa(姚佳伟，刘梦瑶，牛一凡.PEK-C膜层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能.复合材料学报，2019，36(5).)。综上所述，现有的CFRP层压板的冲击后压缩强度仍有待进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板及其制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板，由碳纤维预浸料单向层组成，铺层顺序为[45/0/-45-90]ns，n＝3或4。
本发明中，所述的碳纤维预浸料为本领域常规使用的碳纤维预浸料，例如T800级碳纤维预浸料、T700级碳纤维预浸料等。
本发明所述的具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)模具准备：用软质材料清理模具，后在模具上涂抹脱模剂；
(2)裁切与铺层：使用预浸料裁切机裁切适当数量的碳纤维预浸料单向带，再以[45/0/-45-90]ns、n＝3或4的铺层顺序将预浸料单向带铺层；
(3)组合与装袋：将制件预浸料坯件和辅助材料进行组合并装入真空袋，确保真空袋与周边密封胶条不漏气；
(4)固化与出罐脱模：待复合材料坯件组合装袋完成后，采用热压罐成型工艺，以树脂体系的固化制度进行升温加压固化，固化结束后，保压降温，卸压出罐并脱模，制得具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板。
本发明的碳纤维预浸料中的树脂体系为常规使用的树脂体系，例如环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯等。
在本发明具体实施方式中，采用的树脂体系为中温固化环氧树脂体系，按重量份数计由以下成分组成：环氧树脂预聚体混合物45份，热塑性塑料氨基改性乙烯-辛烯共聚物20份，增韧粒子纳米级碳酸钙15份，固化剂二乙氨基丙胺20份和HDG-A/B环氧树脂固化促进剂0.5份，所述的环氧树脂预聚体混合物由双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂和海因环氧树脂组成。其热压罐成型工艺为室温抽真空，真空袋内真空为-0.090～-0.098MPa；室温起始加压，以0.02MPa/min速率加压到0.6MPa；再以1.5℃/min，升温至180℃保温保压180min；最后以1.5℃/min，保压降温至60℃以下，卸压出罐。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
本发明采用特定的铺层顺序，结合热压罐成型工艺，制备具有优异的冲击后压缩性能的CFRP层压板。其中，T800级碳纤维预浸料单向带铺层顺序为[45/0/-45/90]3s时，制备的层压板在23℃/50％RH下的冲击后压缩强度可以达到290MPa，在不添加其他增强成分的前提下明显提高了CFRP层压板的冲击后压缩性能，为其性能的进一步优化提供了基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备CFRP层压板[45/0/-45-90]3s的铺层顺序示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和实施例作简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述的附图和实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以获得其他的技术方案。但任何与本发明等同或相类似的技术方案都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中，碳纤维预浸料的制备方法如下：
(1)中温固化环氧树脂体系的制备：按重量份数，将环氧树脂预聚体混合物45份，热塑性塑料氨基改性乙烯-辛烯共聚物20份，增韧粒子纳米级碳酸钙15份，固化剂二乙氨基丙胺20份和HDG-A/B环氧树脂促进剂0.5份混合均匀，形成环氧树脂体系；
(2)将制得的中温固化环氧树脂体系涂覆成胶膜，再利用热熔法，与连续碳纤维制成预浸料。
实施例1
用软质材料清理模具，后在模具上涂抹脱模剂。使用预浸料裁切机裁切适当数量的T800级碳纤维预浸料单向带，再以[45/0/-45-90]3s的铺层顺序将预浸料单向带铺层。将制件预浸料坯件和各种辅助材料进行组合并装入真空袋，确保真空袋与周边密封胶条不漏气。待复合材料坯件组合装袋完成后，接好真空管路，锁紧热压罐门，以树脂体系的固化制度进行升温加压固化：室温抽真空，真空袋内真空为-0.090～-0.098MPa；室温起始加压，以0.02MPa/min速率加压到0.6MPa；再以1.5℃/min，升温至180℃保温保压180min。固化结束后，以1.5℃/min，保压降温至60℃以下，卸压出罐并脱模，取出CFRP层压板。将层压板制备成CAI测试用试样，待状态调节后，按ASTM D7136/D7137的标准进行落锤冲击及冲击后压缩性能测试。在23℃/50％RH下的冲击后压缩强度(CAI)为290MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
实施例2
方法如实施例1，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]4s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为278MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
实施例3
方法如实施例1，将T800级碳纤维预浸料改为T700级碳纤维预浸料。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为187MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
实施例4
方法如实施例1，将T800级碳纤维预浸料改为T700级碳纤维预浸料，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]4s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为174MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
对比例1
方法如实施例1，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]2s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为226MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
对比例2
方法如实施例1，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]5s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为263MPa。将CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
对比例3
方法如实施例1，将T800级碳纤维预浸料改为T700级碳纤维预浸料，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]2s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为156MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
对比例4
方法如实施例1，将T800级碳纤维预浸料改为T700级碳纤维预浸料，将铺层顺序改为[45/0/-45-90]5s。测试CFRP层压板在23℃/50％RH下的CAI为168MPa。CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI列于表1中。
表1各实施例和对比例的CFRP层压板的铺层顺序，样板厚度及CAI
铺层顺序 样板厚度/mm CAI/MPa
实施例1 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>3s</sub> 4.488 290
实施例2 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>4s</sub> 5.984 278
实施例3 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>3s</sub> 4.473 187
实施例4 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>4s</sub> 5.969 174
对比例1 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>2s</sub> 2.992 226
对比例2 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>5s</sub> 7.480 263
对比例3 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>2s</sub> 2.977 156
对比例4 [45/0/-45-90]<sub>5s</sub> 7.465 168
从表1可以看出，对于同一碳纤维预浸料，采用[45/0/-45-90]3s和[45/0/-45-90]4s的铺层顺序制备的CFRP层压板相较于[45/0/-45-90]2s和[45/0/-45-90]5s的铺层顺序制备的CFRP层压板，具有更高的CAI。其中T800级碳纤维预浸料以[45/0/-45-90]2s铺层顺序制备的CFRP层压板具有最高的CAI，可达290MPa。比较分别以T800级碳纤维预浸料和T700级碳纤维预浸料为原料的实施例和对比例可知，T700级碳纤维预浸料层压板的CAI均低于同等制备工艺下制得的T800级碳纤维预浸料层压板。

Claims (6)

1.具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板，其特征在于，由碳纤维预浸料单向层组成，铺层顺序为[45/0/-45-90]ns，n＝3或4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压板，其特征在于，所述的碳纤维预浸料为本T800级碳纤维预浸料或T700级碳纤维预浸料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的层压板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)模具准备：用软质材料清理模具，后在模具上涂抹脱模剂；
(2)裁切与铺层：使用预浸料裁切机裁切适当数量的碳纤维预浸料单向带，再以[45/0/-45-90]ns、n＝3或4的铺层顺序将预浸料单向带铺层；
(3)组合与装袋：将制件预浸料坯件和辅助材料进行组合并装入真空袋，确保真空袋与周边密封胶条不漏气；
(4)固化与出罐脱模：待复合材料坯件组合装袋完成后，采用热压罐成型工艺，以树脂体系的固化制度进行升温加压固化，固化结束后，保压降温，卸压出罐并脱模，制得具有高冲击后压缩强度的层压板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，碳纤维预浸料中的树脂体系环氧树脂体系、聚酯体系或乙烯基酯体系。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，碳纤维预浸料中的树脂体系为中温固化环氧树脂体系，按重量份数计由以下成分组成：环氧树脂预聚体混合物45份，热塑性塑料氨基改性乙烯-辛烯共聚物20份，增韧粒子纳米级碳酸钙15份，固化剂二乙氨基丙胺20份和HDG-A/B环氧树脂固化促进剂0.5份，所述的环氧树脂预聚体混合物由双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂和海因环氧树脂组成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，热压罐成型工艺具体为：室温抽真空，真空袋内真空为-0.090～-0.098MPa；室温起始加压，以0.02MPa/min速率加压到0.6MPa；再以1.5℃/min，升温至180℃保温保压180min；最后以1.5℃/min，保压降温至60℃以下，卸压出罐。
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