CN114669858A - Friction heat additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Friction heat additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114669858A CN114669858A CN202210253469.0A CN202210253469A CN114669858A CN 114669858 A CN114669858 A CN 114669858A CN 202210253469 A CN202210253469 A CN 202210253469A CN 114669858 A CN114669858 A CN 114669858A
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- friction heat
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction heat additive manufacturing device and a method, wherein the friction heat additive manufacturing device comprises a stirring head and a feeding roller, wherein a central cavity suitable for a filling material to pass through is arranged in the stirring head, and the lower end of the central cavity is inwards folded to form a friction heat generating surface in friction contact with the filling material; the feeding roller is arranged above the stirring head, clamped on two sides of the filling material and suitable for delivering the filling material to the central cavity. According to the structure, the friction heat generating surface is constructed, and the friction heat at the friction heat generating surface is used as a heat source, so that the additive material only reaches a plasticizing state and is not welded, and the additive material is prevented from being burnt by high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction heat additive manufacturing device and method.
Background
With the development of manufacturing technology, the conventional manufacturing manner is gradually shifted to advanced manufacturing, wherein the additive manufacturing technology has the characteristic of being fast and efficient, and becomes a typical representative of the advanced manufacturing technology. Additive technology has been widely studied and applied in aerospace, rail transit, and shipping industries. At present, the additive technology mostly adopts a mode of melting fillers such as laser, electron beam and electric arc, but the mode of melting welding fillers has higher heat input, which can greatly increase crystal grains in a joint, lead the reinforcing phase to be dissolved, lead the material to generate defects such as cracks, air holes and the like in the solidification process and further lead the performance of the joint to be reduced; in addition, higher heat input can also burn out the additive material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction heat additive manufacturing device and method to solve the problem that a connection defect occurs in the existing additive manufacturing connection process.
One aspect of the present invention provides a frictional heating additive manufacturing apparatus, including:
the stirring head is internally provided with a central cavity suitable for filler materials to pass through, and one end of the central cavity is inwards folded to form a friction heat-generating surface in friction contact with the filler materials;
and the feeding roller is arranged on one side of the stirring head, clamped on two sides of the filling material and suitable for driving to downwards deliver the filling material so that the filling material is abutted with the friction heat generating surface.
The friction heat additive manufacturing device as described above further preferably further comprises a stirring boss provided at a lower end of the stirring head, and the stirring boss is provided with a hollow passage communicating with the central cavity.
In the aforementioned frictional heating additive manufacturing apparatus, it is preferable that the stirring boss has a circular truncated cone shape or a cylindrical shape, and a screw thread is provided on an outer surface of the stirring boss.
In the above-described frictional heat additive manufacturing apparatus, it is further preferable that an inner surface of the hollow passage is provided with a driving screw groove.
In the above-described frictional heat additive manufacturing apparatus, it is further preferable that the cross section of the hollow passage is X-shaped, Y-shaped, or circular.
In the above-described additive manufacturing apparatus for frictional heat, it is further preferable that the frictional heat generating surface is an inclined surface or a tapered thread surface, and an angle between the inclined surface or the tapered thread surface and a central axis of the stirring head is 1 to 60 °.
The friction heat additive manufacturing device is further preferably configured such that the friction heat generating surface is a stepped heat generating surface, the stepped heat generating surface includes alternately connected planar steps and guide inclined surfaces, and an included angle between the guide inclined surfaces and a central axis of the stirring head is 1-60 °.
In the above-described frictional heating additive manufacturing apparatus, it is further preferable that the feeding rollers are arranged in pairs, and each pair of the feeding rollers is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filler.
In the above-described frictional heating additive manufacturing apparatus, it is further preferable that the number of pairs of feed rollers is 1 to 10, and when the number of pairs of feed rollers is plural, the plural pairs of feed rollers are sequentially arranged along the delivery of the filler material.
The present invention also provides a method for additive manufacturing by friction heat, which uses any one of the above-mentioned apparatuses for additive manufacturing by friction heat, including:
Fixing the substrate, and keeping the substrate not to displace during welding;
inserting a columnar filling material into a central cavity of the stirring head, and clamping the columnar filling material through a feeding roller;
the stirring head and the feeding roller are driven, and the filling material is enabled to reach a molding state or a semi-solid state under the combined action of the stirring head and the feeding roller;
and controlling the stirring head to move forwards to perform additive manufacturing.
The friction heat additive manufacturing device provided by the invention comprises a stirring head and feeding rollers, wherein the feeding rollers are arranged above the stirring head, clamped at two sides of a filling material and suitable for delivering the filling material to a central cavity, the stirring head is internally provided with the central cavity suitable for the filling material to pass through, and one end of the central cavity is inwards folded to form a friction heat generating surface in friction contact with the filling material. In the structure, the stirring head rotates, the rod-shaped filling material is contacted with a friction heat generating surface area of the stirring head under the action of the axial top end force of the feeding roller, friction heat is generated, the filling material is plasticized, the plasticized material continuously flows downwards along the central cavity to enter an additive material area, and finally an additive material layer is formed. The friction heat-generating surface is arranged at the stirring head, and the filling material is preheated by using the friction heat between the rotation type of the stirring head and the filling material, so that the deformation resistance of the material is reduced, the softening of the material is facilitated, and even a semi-solid effect is presented; meanwhile, the downward delivery effect of the feeding roller is beneficial to promoting the downward flow of the filling material and increasing the capability of the material to be discharged at the tip of the stirring head, and the feeding roller can be used together with an external stirring head to refine the grain size of the joint, so that the hole defect and the weak connection defect are effectively avoided. In addition, the feeding roller and the rodlike filling material are matched for use, continuous feeding can be achieved, the continuity of the material increase process is guaranteed, meanwhile, the feeding roller and the rodlike filling material are clamped and matched, required top end force can be provided for the filling material, and therefore the frictional heating capacity of the frictional heating surface is guaranteed.
The friction heat additive manufacturing device generates friction heat through the friction heat generating surface and drives the material to enter the additive manufacturing area, in the whole process, the heat source is friction heat, an external auxiliary heat source is not needed, the additive manufacturing material only achieves a plasticizing state and is not welded, and the additive manufacturing material is prevented from being burnt at high temperature.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frictional thermal additive manufacturing apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the section A-A in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the cross-section a-a in fig. 2.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-stirring head, 2-feeding roller, 3-filling material, 4-stirring boss, 5-spiral groove, 6-central cavity and 7-friction heat-generating surface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those skilled in the art.
A tribothermal additive manufacturing apparatus in some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1-4.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the additive manufacturing apparatus for friction heat according to some embodiments of the present invention includes a stirring head 1 and a feeding roller 2, wherein a central cavity 6 is disposed in the stirring head 1 and is adapted to pass through a filling material 3, and one end of the central cavity 6 is inwardly closed to form a friction heat generating surface 7 in frictional contact with the filling material 3; the feed rollers 2 are arranged on one side of the mixing head 1 and clamped on both sides of the filling material 3 and are adapted to deliver the filling material 3 to the central cavity 6 so that the filling material 3 abuts against the friction heat generating surface 7.
The stirring head 1 is cylindrical and is suspended above the substrate, and the suspension height is basically consistent with the height of the additive layer; a central cavity 6 with a circular section is formed in the stirring head 1, one end of the central cavity 6 is inwards folded to form a friction heat generating surface 7, a rod-shaped filling material 3 used as an additive layer material is inserted into the central cavity 6, the bottom of the rod-shaped filling material is abutted against the friction heat generating surface 7, friction heat is generated between the stirring head 1 and the filling material 3 which rotate at a high degree in the friction heat generating surface 7 area due to dynamic friction force, the filling material 3 is further plasticized, and the plasticized material continuously flows along the central cavity 6 to enter the additive area and finally form an additive layer. The bottom surface of stirring head 1 still is equipped with the helicla flute 5 of diffusion outward from the center, and the recessed setting of helicla flute 5 is suitable for the effect that the plasticized material that makes 1 tip below of stirring head receives the effect of inward direction to collect 1 terminal surface of stirring head with the softened material of 1 tip below of stirring head, still be used for simultaneously and evenly spread the outside soft material of collecting 1 terminal surface department of stirring head, thereby make the softened material in 1 rear evenly distributed of stirring head in order to form the even increase material layer of texture. In addition, the spiral groove 5 can reduce the stress concentration in the stirring head 1 during welding so as to protect the stirring head 1.
The feeding roller 2 is arranged above the stirring head 1, clamped at two sides of the rod-shaped filling material 3 by a certain pressing force, and is suitable for applying a certain upsetting acting force on the rod-shaped filling material 3 and driving the feeding roller 2 to rotate so as to drive the rod-shaped filling material 3 to feed, so that the rod-shaped filling material can continuously act with the stirring head 1 to generate friction heat.
The additive manufacturing is realized through the friction heat additive manufacturing device, the friction heat is generated through the friction heat generating surface 7 in the whole structure, the material is driven to enter an additive area, in the whole process, the heat is generated by friction heat, an external auxiliary heat source is not needed, the additive material only reaches a plasticizing state and is not welded, and the additive material is prevented from being burnt by high temperature.
Furthermore, the additive manufacturing device for friction heat in this embodiment further includes a stirring boss 4, the stirring boss 4 is disposed at the lower end of the stirring head 1, and a hollow channel communicated with the central cavity 6 is disposed on the stirring boss 4.
The stirring boss 4 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the stirring head 1, the diameter of the stirring boss is 3-50mm, the height of the stirring boss is 0.5-3 times of the thickness of the additive layer, and preferably, the thickness of the stirring boss 4 is consistent with the thickness of the additive layer. The stirring boss 4 is formed with a hollow channel communicating with the central cavity 6, and is adapted to allow plasticized material to enter the lower portion of the shoulder through the hollow channel on the boss, and further to form a reinforcement layer under upsetting rolling of the rotating shoulder. On the basis of this, the helical groove 5 also serves to subject the plasticized material below the end of the pin 1 to an inwardly directed force in order to fill the cavity behind the pin 1 formed by the mixing boss 4.
Further, the stirring boss 4 is circular truncated cone-shaped or cylindrical, and the outer surface of the stirring boss 4 is provided with threads. The depth of the thread is 0.2-5mm, and the thread pitch is 0.5-30 mm. The friction stir effect of the thread structure can also cause the oxide film on the surface of the filling material 3 to be broken violently, and the performance of the additive layer is not influenced.
Further, the inner surface of the hollow channel is provided with internal threads. The internal thread is a driving thread adapted to drive the plasticized material residing within the hollow passage downwardly as the pin 1 is rotated.
Furthermore, the cross section of the hollow channel is X-shaped, Y-shaped or circular.
Furthermore, the friction heat generating surface 7 is a tapered thread surface or an inclined surface as shown in fig. 3, and the included angle between the inclined surface or the tapered thread surface and the central axis of the stirring head 1 is 1-60 degrees. Specifically, when the friction heat-generating surface 7 is a tapered thread surface, the depth of the thread is 0.1-3mm, and the thread pitch is 0.5-10 mm.
Alternatively, the friction heat generating surface 7 is a stepped heat generating surface as shown in fig. 4, the stepped heat generating surface comprises alternately connected planar steps and guide slopes, and the guide slopes form an angle of 1-60 ° with the central axis of the stirring head 1. Specifically, when the friction heat generating surface 7 is a step heat generating surface, the length of the planar step is 1-10mm, and the height is 1-10 mm.
Furthermore, the feeding rollers 2 are arranged in pairs, and each pair of feeding rollers 2 is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the filling material 3. The number of the feeding rollers 2 is 1-10, and when the number of the feeding rollers 2 is multiple, the multiple pairs of the feeding rollers 2 are sequentially distributed along the vertical direction. The feeding roller 2 is suitable for applying a certain driving force to the side surface of the filling material 3 through the rotation of the feeding roller, so that the continuous feeding of the material is realized, and the continuity of the additive process is ensured. The diameter of the feeding roller 2 is 5-100mm, the driving torque is 5-100Nm, and the pressing force on the material is 0.1-30 KN.
Preferably, the frictional heat additive manufacturing device is vertically arranged or horizontally arranged, and of course, other directions are possible.
Further, the present invention also provides a method for additive manufacturing by friction heat, which is implemented by using the additive manufacturing apparatus by friction heat in any one of the above embodiments, including:
fixing the substrate, and keeping the substrate not to displace during welding;
inserting a columnar filling material 3 into a central cavity 6 of the stirring head 1, and clamping the columnar filling material by a feeding roller 2;
the stirring head 1 and the feeding roller 2 are driven, and the filling material 3 is enabled to reach a molding state or a semi-solid state under the combined action of the stirring head 1 and the feeding roller 2;
And controlling the stirring head 1 to move forwards to perform additive manufacturing.
Specifically, the base plate is fixed on the workbench in a mechanical connection mode, so that the base plate is prevented from rotating and displacing in the friction welding process, and the material increase quality is ensured.
Inserting a rod-shaped filling material 3 into a central cavity 6 of a stirring head 1, adjusting a feeding roller 2 to clamp the filling material 3, and driving the filling material 3 to feed to the central cavity of the stirring head under the action of the rotation of the feeding roller 2;
and then starting the stirring head 1 and the feeding roller 2, so that the rod-shaped material and the stirring head 1 generate friction heat at a friction heat generation surface, the rod-shaped material and the stirring head are plasticized by the friction heat and then flow out of the hollow channel of the stirring boss 4 to the substrate, and then the rod-shaped material and the stirring head are uniformly paved on the substrate under the stirring action of the stirring boss 4 and move forwards along with the stirring head 1 to form a material increase layer on the substrate, so that the additive manufacturing is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tribothermal additive manufacturing device, comprising:
the stirring head is internally provided with a central cavity suitable for filling materials to pass through, and one end of the central cavity is inwards folded to form a friction heat-generating surface in friction contact with the filling materials;
and the feeding roller is arranged on one side of the stirring head, clamped on two sides of the filling material and suitable for delivering the filling material to the central cavity so that the filling material is abutted to the friction heat generating surface.
2. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a stirring boss provided at a lower end of the stirring head, wherein the stirring boss is provided with a hollow passage communicating with the central cavity.
3. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the stirring boss is in a circular truncated cone shape or a cylindrical shape, and an external thread is provided on an outer surface of the stirring boss.
4. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein an inner surface of the hollow channel is provided with an internal thread.
5. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3,
The cross section of the hollow channel is X-shaped, Y-shaped or circular.
6. The additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the friction heat generating surface is a bevel or a conical thread surface, and an included angle between the bevel or the conical thread surface and a central axis of the stirring head is 1-60 °.
7. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the friction heat generating surface is a stepped heat generating surface comprising alternately connected planar steps and guide slopes, the guide slopes having an angle of 1-60 ° with a central axis of the stirring head.
8. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feeding rollers are arranged in pairs, and each pair of the feeding rollers is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the filling material.
9. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the feed rollers are in 1-10 pairs, and when the feed rollers are in multiple pairs, the pairs of feed rollers are sequentially arranged along the delivery of the filler material.
10. A method of additive manufacturing by friction heat using the additive manufacturing apparatus by friction heat according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
Fixing the substrate, and keeping the substrate not to displace during welding;
inserting a columnar filling material into a central cavity of the stirring head, and clamping the columnar filling material through a feeding roller;
the stirring head and the feeding roller are driven, and the filling material is enabled to reach a molding state or a semi-solid state under the combined action of the stirring head and the feeding roller;
and controlling the stirring head to move forwards to perform additive manufacturing.
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CN115213434A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏大学 | Electromagnetic drive vibration friction extrusion deposition device |
CN115213434B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Electromagnetic driving vibration friction extrusion deposition device |
CN115502541A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir additive filling type butt welding device and method |
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