CN114669718A - Method for manufacturing adhesive material lamination - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing adhesive material lamination Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114669718A
CN114669718A CN202011551553.8A CN202011551553A CN114669718A CN 114669718 A CN114669718 A CN 114669718A CN 202011551553 A CN202011551553 A CN 202011551553A CN 114669718 A CN114669718 A CN 114669718A
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parts
sand
weight
acid
hardening agent
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CN202011551553.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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黄谦赐
赖定机
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Jinlong Chemical Industry Co ltd
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Jinlong Chemical Industry Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011551553.8A priority Critical patent/CN114669718A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
    • B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
    • B22C1/2233—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B22C1/2246—Condensation polymers of aldehydes and ketones
    • B22C1/2253—Condensation polymers of aldehydes and ketones with phenols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing an additive layer, which comprises the following steps: the hardening agent is mixed with a sand material, so that the hardening agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the sand material, then a binding material is sprayed out from the spray nozzle, and the binding material sprayed out from the spray nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mold. The invention can overcome the problem of nozzle blockage, and the particle size of the solid matter produced by lamination can be less than 0.6 μm. In addition, the invention can adjust the hardening speed by matching with the size of the sand mould, and compared with the common sand mould manufacturing products, the invention can improve the hardening speed and prolong the storage life of the binding material when the sand mould is large.

Description

Method for manufacturing adhesive material lamination
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lamination manufacturing technology, in particular to a method for manufacturing a binder lamination for lamination deposition, lamination agglomeration or lamination of a three-dimensional object.
Background
Resin is ONE of general 3D printing materials, and leader manufacturers of sand mold technology for spray molding casting by using an adhesive have two families, namely, Germany, Voxel jet company and American EX ONE company, wherein the materials used by the Voxel jet company are silica sand, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) particle materials and gypsum, and the materials used by the EX ONE company are stainless steel, ceramic, cobalt chromium alloy and tungsten carbide.
The difference between the phenolic resin system from the company Voxel jet and the furan resin system from the company EX ONE is that:
the phenolic resin system belongs to thermosetting resin, does not need to use sand material for premixing, can directly spray resin on the surface of dry sand material by means of spray head according to Computer Aided Design (CAD), and can produce curing action by means of heating.
A furan resin system is a self-hardening resin, which is prepared through mixing hardening agent with sand, spraying it on the surface of sand by nozzle, and spraying the main agent according to computer aided design. The molding sand is generally prepared by mixing raw foundry sand, a molding sand binder, auxiliary additives and the like in a specific ratio. The molding sand may be classified into resin sand, clay sand, water glass sand, cement sand, etc. depending on the type of the binder, and clay sand and resin sand are more commonly used. In the prior art, when furan resin is used as a binder, the resin cannot be cured and molded and cannot be used, so that the prior art selects phenolic resin molding sand to solve the problems of molding sand sintering and sand adhesion.
Generally, the spray adhesive is used to adhere the adhesive to a thin layer of powder material, which may be ceramic-based, such as glass or gypsum, or metal, such as stainless steel, so that if the viscosity of a binder is low, the spray nozzle is easily sprayed too much, resulting in poor binding effect between the binder and the powder, and thus the drying and forming are slow; if the viscosity of the binding material is proper, the binding material and the powder have better combination effect, and the drying and forming are quicker; however, when the viscosity of the adhesive material is too high, the nozzle is easy to spray out, so that the adhesive material is adhered to the nozzle, the nozzle is easy to block, and the blocking phenomenon of the nozzle needs to be cleaned or maintained regularly, therefore, the most suitable viscosity of the adhesive material is not adhered to the nozzle when the printing nozzle is operated, and the nozzle cannot be sprayed out too fast.
Generally, when the Viscosity of the bonding material is too high, the nozzle cannot spray the bonding material and cannot operate, when the Viscosity of the bonding material is too low, the nozzle can spray too much, and the Viscosity (Viscosity) of the bonding material is controlled to be between 10 and 12cps 4 to 10 hours before the nozzle sprays the bonding material at room temperature.
In order to achieve fast printing, appropriate printing nozzles and bonding materials are needed. The printing nozzle can be roughly divided into a Continuous jet stream print head and a discontinuous stream print head, the Continuous jet printing nozzle has a plurality of nozzles and high speed, and is suitable for manufacturing large-scale products; the discontinuous printing has few nozzles and low speed, and is suitable for manufacturing small products.
Disclosure of Invention
The problems to be solved by the present invention are:
the problem of the ingredient and concentration of the binding agent, when the viscosity of a binding material is low, the nozzle is easy to spray too much, so that the binding effect of the binding material and the powder is poor, and the drying forming is slow; if the viscosity of the binding material is proper, the binding material and the powder have better combination effect, and the drying and forming are quicker; however, when the viscosity of the adhesive material is too high, the adhesive material is easily sprayed out from the nozzle, so that the adhesive material sticks to the nozzle, and the nozzle is easily blocked, and the nozzle needs to be cleaned or maintained periodically to remove the blockage.
The drying time after 3D printing is short, after the bonding material, the hardening agent and the sand material are mixed, the hardening speed is high when the sand mold is small, but the hardening speed is low when the sand mold is large, so that the bonding of the sand material can not be realized by quickly generating reaction after the spray head sprays out, and the hardening speed can not be adjusted by matching with the size of the sand mold.
In general, in the process of resin bonding in the sand mold, the fluid physical properties of the bonding material can affect the mixing of the silica sand and the poor infiltration efficiency between the silica sand and the bonding material, so that the subsequent bonding effect can affect the forming quality of the resin sand mold. Although the prior art process can be applied to dry sand, ceramic sand and other materials, it cannot achieve good sand-laying effect when applied to fine sand materials, such as fine sand materials with a diameter of 9 μm.
Although the adhesive material and the curing agent can be stored at room temperature, the adhesive material has a short storage life at room temperature.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an additive layer, comprising the steps of:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 120-180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent to obtain the binding material; mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to obtain a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixing a mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heating the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 1-3 hours to obtain a hardening agent; mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, heating and mixing at the high temperature of 110 ℃ for 100 ℃ and drying, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, and spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material; the binding material sprayed out from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mould.
Further, in the method for manufacturing the lamination, the polyformaldehyde is 70-80 parts by weight.
Furthermore, in the method for manufacturing the lamination, the hardening agent accounts for 0.3 to 0.7 percent of the sand material, and the bonding material accounts for 0.8 to 1.5 percent of the sand material.
Further, in the method for producing a multilayer structure, the acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid.
Further, in the method for manufacturing the multilayer structure, the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Further, in the method for manufacturing a build-up layer, the phenolic compound is selected from the group consisting of phenol, bisphenol a, xylenol, m-cresol, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol.
Further, in the method for producing an multilayer, the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of γ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ -propyl-trimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) - γ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a bonding material by lamination, comprising the following steps:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, then dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent to obtain the binding material.
Further, in the method for manufacturing the adhesive material by lamination, the polyoxymethylene is preferably 70 to 80 parts by weight.
Further, in the method for producing the adhesive material by lamination, the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing an alkaline phenolic resin binder by lamination, comprising the following steps:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 120-180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, then dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent and 5-20 parts of alkaline phenolic resin to obtain the binding material; mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to obtain a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixing a mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heating the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 1-3 hours to obtain a hardening agent; mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, so that the hardening agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the sand material, then spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material, heating, mixing and drying at the high temperature of 100-; the bonding material sprayed out from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mould.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a binder having an alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the steps of:
stirring 90-110 parts of phenolic compound, 80-150 parts of polyformaldehyde and 2-5 parts of alkali catalyst at normal temperature to form a mixture of a binding material, and adding a coupling agent to obtain the binding material with the alkaline phenolic resin.
The invention mainly shows the following effects:
the adhesive material does not react at 150 ℃, and shows no self-decomposition reaction in the high-temperature spray head, and has chemical resistance and high-temperature resistance.
The components and concentration of the binding material are improved, so that the mechanical strength and hardness of the product are improved, the problem of nozzle blockage can be solved, in addition, the viscosity of the binding material can be regulated according to the requirement specification of the piezoelectric type nozzle on the formula and the manufacturing process of the binding material, and a suitable product is manufactured.
The surface tension value can be adjusted according to the requirements and specifications of the piezoelectric type spray head in the formula and the manufacturing process of the binding material, and a suitable product is manufactured.
The invention has high curing speed, improves the drying time after 3D printing, and can quickly generate reaction after being sprayed out by a spray head to bond the sand material, for example, the invention is applied to the curing speed of quartz sand.
The maximum particle size of the solid (size) produced by the laminate can be less than 0.6. mu.m.
The sand mould can be hardened under normal temperature, in addition, the hardening speed can be adjusted by matching with the size of the sand mould, compared with the products manufactured by the common sand mould, the invention can still improve the hardening speed when the sand mould is larger.
Can be applied to dry sand, ceramic sand and other materials, and can also be smoothly paved even when being applied to fine sand materials, such as the fine sand material with the diameter of 9 microns (mum).
The binding material and the hardener can be stored at normal temperature, and the binding material and the hardener are not easy to deteriorate.
The adhesive material has a storage life of 12-15 months at normal temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a method of additive manufacturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a laminated adhesive material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a method for manufacturing a binder having an alkaline phenolic resin according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows another method for manufacturing a binder with alkaline phenolic resin according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the data of the compressive strength of the test piece with the amount of the binder added being 1.5 wt%;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the data of the compressive strength of the test piece when the amount of the hardener added is 0.7% by weight.
Symbolic illustration in the drawings:
S101-S104 a step of a method of additive manufacturing;
S201-S203 a step of manufacturing adhesive material by lamination;
S301-S306 a step of a method for producing a binder having an alkaline phenol resin;
S401-S406 steps of another method for manufacturing a binder having an alkaline phenolic resin.
Detailed Description
To achieve the above object, referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a build-up layer, comprising the following steps:
mixing the hardener with a sand material (S101), wherein the mass ratio of the hardener to the sand material is 0.1-1.0%, heating and mixing at a high temperature of 110 ℃ for 100 ℃ and drying, then uniformly coating the hardener on the surface of the sand material, spraying the adhesive material from a spray head, wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive material to the sand material is 0.5-2.5% (S102), and reacting the adhesive material sprayed from the nozzles with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardener (S103) so that the sand mold is hardened (S104).
The lamination manufacturing of the 3D printing sand mold system adopts an adhesive spraying forming process as a basis, namely an adhesive spraying process, the sand material is paved on a platform through a sand mold printer, then the adhesive is sprayed on the sand material by a spray head according to a layer cutting pattern, the adhesive powder is repeatedly sprayed and printed to stack and form the sand material, and the lamination thickness is 0.25-0.4 mm per layer. The alloy casting device is used for providing services such as alloy design, simulation analysis, rapid die making, smelting casting and the like, and the application range of the alloy casting device comprises engine parts such as a cylinder head and the like, a turbocharger shell, a metal plate stamping die, an instrument panel framework for spaceflight, a gear box shell, an industrial pump impeller and the like.
3D printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), may refer to any process of printing a three-dimensional object.
Silica sand, ceramic sand, glass sand and common laminated manufacturing raw materials can be used as the sand material.
Furfuryl alcohol (also called α -furfuryl alcohol); oxomethyl alcohol; furfuryl ester of ethanol.
Polyoxymethylene (polyoxymethylene); POM is also called polyoxymethylene or polyacetal.
The commonly used catalysts can be classified into four types, metal catalysts, oxide catalysts, acid catalysts, and bifunctional catalysts, and different products can be obtained from the same reactant if different catalysts are used.
Phenolic resin (phenolic resins) is a synthetic plastic, belongs to thermosetting resin, is a high molecular material, is resistant to weak acid and weak base, and is decomposed when meeting strong acid. Furan resin (furan resin; and furan resins, which belong to self-hardening resins.
The binder, or adhesive, is used to bind the powder, and the binder is ejected through a nozzle at the front end of the print head. Organic binder: the ceramic powder used in the present invention includes a Water soluble type or a type that is soluble in a volatile solvent. The type that is soluble in a volatile solvent is, for example, butyral resin. Non-organic binder: such binders are typically silicates, such as tetraethoxysilane (tetraethoxysilane), which are incorporated into the printed product either directly or through a heat curing process.
Stirring 1350 parts by weight of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts by weight of acid catalyst, 180 parts by weight of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts by weight of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts by weight of coupling agent to obtain the binding material.
Dewatering at 85 deg.C or below, cooling to 45 deg.C or below, adding coupling agent 5-10 weight parts, and filtering with 0.5-1 μm filter material to obtain the final product.
The invention mixes p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water according to the proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight into a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixes the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water according to the proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heats the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and then stirs for 1-3 hours to obtain the hardener (hardener).
Mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, heating and mixing at the high temperature of 110 ℃ for 100 ℃ and drying to uniformly coat the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, and then spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material; the bonding material sprayed out from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mould.
As mentioned above, the acid catalyst is polyoxymethylene, and the polyoxymethylene is 70 to 80 parts by weight in an optimum ratio, and has an optimum effect in a 24-hour compressive strength test.
As mentioned above, the preferred mass ratio of the binder to the sand material is 0.5-2.5%, and the preferred mass ratio of the hardener to the sand material is 0.1-1.0%.
The bonding material accounts for 0.8-1.5% of the sand material, and the hardening agent accounts for 0.3-0.7% of the sand material.
As mentioned above, the acid catalyst is selected from one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid, heteropoly acid (heteropolyacid) is often used as a reusable acid catalyst in chemical reactions, heteropoly acid is an oxyacid consisting of specific metal and nonmetal, such as phosphomolybdic acid, heteropoly acid is a complex structure formed by adding other oxyacid polyhedrons to the polyacid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-toluenesulfonic acid) is an organic strong acid without oxidation.
As mentioned above, the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, which is tested by the following examples to have better efficacy.
As described above, wherein the phenolic compound is optionally selected from one or more of phenol, bisphenol a, xylenol, m-cresol, resorcinol, phloroglucinol.
As described above, wherein the coupling agent is optionally selected from one or more of γ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ -propyl (2, 3) epoxy-propyltrimethoxysilane, N- β aminoethyl- γ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
The standard required for the compressive strength of a common test piece is 35kg/cm2As described above, the test piece of the present invention has a compressive strength of 10kg/cm at 1 hour2As described above, the test piece of the present invention has a compressive strength of 50kg/cm at 24 hours2The above.
In the 3D resin sand mold printing technology, the ph, viscosity, density, surface tension, etc. of the binder affect the printing. In addition, in the process of resin bonding in the sand mold manufacturing process, the fluid physical properties of the bonding material can influence the mixing of the silica sand, the permeation efficiency between the silica sand and the bonding material and the bonding effect of the silica sand, so the forming quality of the resin sand mold can be influenced subsequently.
To achieve the above object, referring to fig. 2, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a laminated adhesive material, which comprises the following steps: 1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol 1350-. 1650 weight parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 weight parts of acid catalyst, 120-180 weight parts of phenolic compound, 60-90 weight parts of polyformaldehyde and 5-10 weight parts of coupling agent as (S201) bonded to the sheet S203.
Wherein, 70 to 80 weight portions of the polyformaldehyde is the best proportion, and the polyformaldehyde has the best efficacy in a 24-hour compressive strength test.
The acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, and tests of examples show that the acid catalyst has better effect.
Then filtered by a filter material with 0.5-1 μm, which is a preferred embodiment of the adhesive material.
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a binder material layer with alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the following steps: 1350-1650 furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 acid catalyst, 120 phenolic compound and 180 polyformaldehyde, mixing S301 to 150 ℃ and stirring the mixture as an adhesive material, raising the temperature to 120-150 ℃, after the reaction for 1-2 hours, draining water below 85 ℃, reducing the temperature to below 45 ℃, a series of processes of raising the temperature, synthesizing, draining water and reducing the temperature (S304), adding 5-10 coupling agents, 5-20 alkaline phenolic resin by weight (S305), namely the adhesive material (S306).
Referring to fig. 3, to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a binder material lamination with alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the following steps: stirring 1350 parts by weight of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts by weight of acid catalyst, 180 parts by weight of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts by weight of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, then carrying out vacuum dehydration at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts by weight of coupling agent and 5-20 parts by weight of alkaline phenolic resin to obtain the binding material with the alkaline phenolic resin.
P-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water are mixed according to the proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to form a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, then the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water is mixed according to the proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water is heated to 60-80 ℃, and then is stirred for 1-3 hours, so that the hardening agent is obtained.
Mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, heating and mixing at the high temperature of 110 ℃ for 100 plus materials, drying, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material, and reacting the bonding material sprayed by a spray nozzle with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mold.
Adding 5-10 weight portions of coupling agent and 5-20 weight portions of alkaline phenolic resin, and filtering with 0.5-1 μm filter material.
The acid catalyst is selected from one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid, heteropoly acid (heteropoly acid) is often used as a reusable acid catalyst in chemical reaction, heteropoly acid is an oxyacid consisting of specific metal and nonmetal, such as phosphomolybdic acid, and heteropoly acid is a complex structure formed by adding other oxyacid polyhedra.
The coupling agent is optionally selected from one or more of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3) epoxy propyl-trimethoxysilane, N- (beta aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
As mentioned above, the polyoxymethylene, among them, is 70 to 80 parts by weight in the optimum ratio, and has the best efficacy in the 24-hour compressive strength test.
As mentioned above, the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid, which has better efficacy through the experiments of the examples.
Referring to fig. 4, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a binder with alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the following steps: 1350-1650 furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 alkali catalysts, 120 phenolic compounds 180, 60-90 polyformaldehyde, mixing S401 with S402 to stir the mixture as an adhesive material, raising the temperature to 120-150 ℃, after the reaction for 1-2 hours, draining water below 85 ℃, reducing the temperature to below 45 ℃, a series of processes of raising the temperature, synthesizing, draining water, reducing the temperature (S404), adding 5-10 coupling agents by weight (S405), namely the adhesive material (S406).
Referring to fig. 4, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a method for manufacturing a binder with alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the following steps: 90-110 parts of phenolic compound, 80-150 parts of polyformaldehyde, 2-5 parts of alkaline catalyst, stirring each component (S401) to become a mixture of adhesive material (S403) at normal temperature, and adding 5-10 parts by weight of coupling agent (S405), namely the adhesive material (S406). A method for manufacturing a binder with alkaline phenolic resin comprises the following steps: stirring 90-110 parts of phenolic compound, 80-150 parts of polyformaldehyde and 2-5 parts of alkali catalyst at normal temperature to form a mixture of a binding material, and adding a coupling agent to obtain the binding material with the alkaline phenolic resin.
Mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to obtain a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixing a mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heating the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 1-3 hours to obtain a hardening agent;
mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, heating and mixing at the high temperature of 100 ℃ and 110 ℃, drying, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, and spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material; the bonding material sprayed out from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mould.
Adding 5-10 weight parts of coupling agent, and filtering with 0.5-1 μm filter material, which is a preferred embodiment of binder.
The bonding material accounts for 0.8-1.5% of the sand material, and the hardening agent accounts for 0.3-0.7% of the sand material.
The coupling agent is optionally selected from one or more of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3) epoxy propyl-trimethoxysilane, N- (beta aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
An alkaline catalyst (also called an alkaline catalyst) is added to the alkaline phenolic resin, and the reaction products vary according to the proportion and the acid-base property of the catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and some common alkaline catalyst reagents, and are catalyzed by the alkaline catalyst to form a resin product.
Because the hardening agent and the sand material are premixed, the smoothness of sand blasting can be improved, and the defect that the prior art uses wet sand as the sand material and is easy to block is overcome.
Example 1
The invention provides an adhesive for lamination manufacturing, which comprises the following components:
the components of the composition are as follows: 1500 parts of furfuryl alcohol; 2 parts of acid catalyst; 160 parts by weight of phenolic compound; 70 parts of polyformaldehyde; and 6 parts by weight of a coupling agent.
Example 2
The invention provides another adhesive for laminated manufacturing:
the components of the composition are as follows: 1650 parts by weight of furfuryl alcohol; 3 parts of an acid catalyst; 170 parts of phenolic compound; 85 parts of polyformaldehyde; and 7 parts by weight of a coupling agent.
Example 3
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a bonding material for lamination manufacturing, which comprises the following steps:
adhesive material
Adding furfuryl alcohol 1500 parts, acid catalyst 2 parts, phenol compound 150 parts and polyformaldehyde 75 parts, stirring at normal temperature to obtain a mixture of binder, heating to 120 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 2 hours, dewatering at 80 ℃, cooling to 45 ℃, and adding coupling agent 6 parts by weight to obtain the binder.
The acid catalyst is acetic acid, the phenolic compound is phenol, and the coupling agent is gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
Example 4
The invention provides a lamination manufacturing method of a binding material of alkaline phenolic resin, which comprises the following steps: mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, heating and mixing at a high temperature of 100 ℃, drying, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, spraying the bonding material from the spray nozzle, and reacting the bonding material sprayed from the spray nozzle with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mold.
Adhesive material
Adding furfuryl alcohol 1500 weight parts, acid catalyst 2 weight parts, phenolic compound 150 weight parts, and polyformaldehyde 70 weight parts, stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixture of binder, heating to 120 deg.C, performing synthetic reaction for 2 hr, dewatering at 70 deg.C, cooling to 40 deg.C, adding coupling agent 6 weight parts and alkaline phenolic resin 15 weight parts, and filtering with 0.5-1 μm filter medium to obtain the binder.
The self-hardening synthetic resin has the following physical properties:
1.11-1.15 times of specific gravity (25 ℃);
(ii) 8-20 CPS;
pH﹙25℃﹚:7-8；
the water content is less than 3 percent;
the solid content is less than 35 percent;
free aldehyde is less than 1 percent;
the acid catalyst is zinc acetate, the phenolic compound is phenol, and the coupling agent is gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
Hardening agent
P-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water are mixed into a mixture of the p-toluenesulfonic acid and the pure water according to the proportion of 75 parts by weight and 25 parts by weight, then the mixture of phosphoric acid, the p-toluenesulfonic acid and the pure water is mixed according to the proportion of 95 parts by weight and 5 parts by weight, and the mixture of the phosphoric acid, the p-toluenesulfonic acid and the pure water is heated to 60 ℃ and stirred for 3 hours, so that the hardening agent is obtained.
Sand mould
Mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, heating and mixing at 100 ℃, drying, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.7 weight percent of the sand material, so that the hardening agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the sand material, spraying a silicon oxide bonding material by a spray head, wherein the silicon oxide bonding material accounts for 1.5 weight percent of the sand material, and reacting the silicon oxide bonding material sprayed by a spray nozzle with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mold.
Taking 1kg of sand material, using silica sand as the sand material, adding 2.5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a hardening agent, mixing for 60 seconds, discharging sand for later use, heating and mixing at a high temperature of 100 ℃, drying, then spraying 16.5g of resin through a nozzle to harden a sand mold, keeping the temperature for about 24 hours at normal temperature, and measuring the hardness and Compressive strength (Compressive strength) of a test piece.
Results of the experiment
And testing the compressive strength of the test piece, and measuring the maximum stress value borne by the material before brittle fracture until the material is broken and destroyed.
Referring to Table 1, the standard required for the compressive strength of a general test piece is 35kg/cm2As described above, the test piece of the present invention has a compressive strength of 10kg/cm at 1 hour2As described above, the test piece of the present invention has a compressive strength of 50kg/cm at 24 hours2The above.
TABLE 1 compressive Strength data of test pieces of the invention
Figure BDA0002857839940000111
Please refer to table 2, table 2 shows the test piece compressive strength of 1.5% by weight of the binder, the amounts of the group a1-A8 hardeners are 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.30%, 0.50%, 0.70%, 0.90%, 1.00% and 1.10% by weight respectively, i.e. the amounts of the group a1-A8 hardeners are 0.5g, 1g, 3g, 5g, 7g, 9g, 10g and 11g respectively, the amounts of the binder are 15g, and the amount of the sand is 1000 g.
TABLE 2 test piece compression strength data of 1.5 wt% of binder
Figure BDA0002857839940000121
Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the data of the compressive strength of the test piece with the binder added in an amount of 1.5 wt%.
Referring to table 3, table 3 shows the compressive strength of the test piece with the addition of the hardening agents of 0.7% by weight, and the addition of the bonding materials of groups B1-B8 is 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.3%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% by weight, i.e., the addition of the bonding materials of B1-B8 is 3g, 5g, 8g, 13g, 15g, 20g, 25g, and 30g, the addition of the hardening agents is 7g, and the addition of the sand is 1000 g.
TABLE 3 test piece compressive strength data of 0.7% by weight of hardener addition
Figure BDA0002857839940000122
Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the data of the compressive strength of the test piece with the hardener added in an amount of 0.7 wt%.
Adding furfuryl alcohol 1500 parts, acid catalyst 2 parts, phenolic compound 150 parts and polyformaldehyde, stirring at normal temperature to obtain a mixture of the binder, heating to 120 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 2 hours, dewatering at 70 ℃, cooling to 40 ℃, adding 6 parts by weight of coupling agent and 10 parts by weight of alkaline phenolic resin to obtain the binder.
Referring to Table 4, Table 4 shows the amounts of C1-C5 polyoxymethylene added in the respective groups of 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight and 85 parts by weight.
TABLE 4 test data for test pieces with different polyoxymethylene addition ratios
Figure BDA0002857839940000131
The experimental results show that:
referring to table 2, the binder with alkaline phenolic resin accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the sand material, and referring to table 3, the hardener accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the sand material.
Referring to table 2, the mass ratio of the binder with alkaline phenolic resin to the sand material is 0.8-1.5%, referring to table 3, the optimal ratio of the hardener to the sand material is 0.3-0.7%.
Referring to Table 4, the optimum ratio of polyoxymethylene is 70-80 parts by weight in the lamination manufacturing method of binder with alkaline phenolic resin.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments or examples shown and described, which are intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A method of additive manufacturing, comprising the steps of:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 120-180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent to obtain the binding material;
mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to obtain a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixing a mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heating the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 1-3 hours to obtain a hardening agent;
mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, heating and mixing at the high temperature of 110 ℃ for 100 ℃ and drying, uniformly coating the hardening agent on the surface of the sand material, and spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material;
the binding material sprayed out from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mould.
2. The method of additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the polyoxymethylene is 70 to 80 parts by weight.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardener is 0.3-0.7% of the sand material, and the binder is 0.8-1.5% of the sand material.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenolic compound is selected from the group consisting of phenol, bisphenol a, xylenol, m-cresol, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol.
7. The method of producing an laminate according to claim 1, wherein the coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of γ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ -epoxy (2, 3) propyltrimethoxysilane and N- β aminoethyl- γ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane.
8. A method for manufacturing a bonding material by lamination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, then dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent to obtain the binding material.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the polyoxymethylene is preferably 70-80 parts by weight.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the acid catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid.
11. The laminated manufacturing method of the alkaline phenolic resin binder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
stirring 1350-1650 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 2-5 parts of acid catalyst, 120-180 parts of phenolic compound and 60-90 parts of polyformaldehyde into a mixture of a binding material, heating to 120-150 ℃, carrying out synthetic reaction for 1-2 hours, then dewatering at the temperature below 85 ℃, cooling to the temperature below 45 ℃, and adding 5-10 parts of coupling agent and 5-20 parts of alkaline phenolic resin to obtain the binding material;
mixing p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 70-80 parts by weight and 20-30 parts by weight to obtain a mixture of p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water, mixing a mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water in a proportion of 90-100 parts by weight and 3-7 parts by weight, heating the mixture of phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and pure water to 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 1-3 hours to obtain a hardening agent;
mixing the hardening agent with a sand material, wherein the hardening agent accounts for 0.1-1.0% of the mass of the sand material, so that the hardening agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the sand material, then spraying the bonding material by a spray head, wherein the bonding material accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the sand material, heating, mixing and drying at the high temperature of 100-;
the bonding material sprayed from the nozzle reacts with the surface of the sand material uniformly coated by the hardening agent to harden the sand mold.
12. A method for manufacturing a binder having an alkaline phenolic resin, comprising the steps of:
stirring 90-110 parts of phenolic compound, 80-150 parts of polyformaldehyde and 2-5 parts of alkali catalyst at normal temperature to form a mixture of a binding material, and adding a coupling agent to obtain the binding material with the alkaline phenolic resin.
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