CN114664617B - Axial cascading relativistic magnetron based on loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking - Google Patents
Axial cascading relativistic magnetron based on loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking Download PDFInfo
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- CN114664617B CN114664617B CN202210185797.1A CN202210185797A CN114664617B CN 114664617 B CN114664617 B CN 114664617B CN 202210185797 A CN202210185797 A CN 202210185797A CN 114664617 B CN114664617 B CN 114664617B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J23/44—Rod-type coupling devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/18—Resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J23/46—Loop coupling devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J2223/18—Resonators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J2223/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J2223/44—Rod-type coupling devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
- H01J2223/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
- H01J2223/46—Loop coupling devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on a loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking, and belongs to the technical field of microwaves. The coupling section comprises a cylindrical shell, a cathode connecting rod, a plurality of coupling rods which are identical in size and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and two coupling rings. According to the invention, the loop bar coupling structure is loaded between the adjacent high-frequency structures, so that the electromagnetic coupling strength between the high-frequency electromagnetic fields in the adjacent high-frequency structures is adjusted, the interference of the electromagnetic fields associated with the strong current effect of the relativistic magnetrons is overcome, and the frequency locking and phase locking of the cascade relativistic magnetrons are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and particularly relates to an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on a loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking.
Background
From the perspective of practical high-power microwave systems, the development of high-power microwave systems is mainly focused on the following aspects: (1) miniaturization and compactness of the system, and improvement of the power consumption ratio; (2) high repetition rate operation; (3) frequency tunable; (4) a multi-frequency output; (5) phase-locked array output and power combining. Since birth, magnetrons have been attracting attention due to their compactness and high efficiency. In order to meet the development and application requirements of future high-power microwave sources, relativity magnetrons with the characteristics of high output power, high conversion efficiency, suitability for long-pulse and high-repetition-frequency operation, frequency locking, phase locking, multiport output and the like are important research targets of people.
The relativistic magnetron phase locking methods which are already proposed at present are classified into 3 types according to topological structures, namely equipotential phase locking, injection phase locking and cascade phase locking. In 1989, james n. Benford et al, us Physics International, proposed equipotential phase-locked relativistic magnetrons, which were locked using rectangular waveguides connecting the output ports of 2 parallel-placed A6 relativistic magnetrons, and using the remaining ports for microwave output, an output power of about 3GW was obtained with both magnetrons operating together. In 1991, todd A.Treado et al, U.S. Varian Associates, incorporated by reference, proposed injection phase locked relativistic magnetrons, which used an S-band 3MW coaxial magnetron to inject power into one port of the relativistic magnetron, and experimentally measured that the relativistic magnetron could produce 52MW of output power under phase locking. In 1992, general Dynamics group Keith g.kato et al in the united states proposed cascade phase locked relativistic magnetrons, in which anodes of 4 eight-cavity magnetrons are arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction, corresponding cathodes in each tube are connected as one body, and output power higher than 1GW in total is to be obtained at 16 output ports. In 2015, the us raycheon company Andrey d. Andreev proposed a slot-in-hole type conventional magnetron that achieved cascade locking by using an axial spacer band to connect the anode blocks of adjacent magnetrons.
When a plurality of relativistic magnetrons are arranged in cascade, a strong current which is several times of the working current of a single magnetron flows through a cathode rod near one end of an accelerator, an angular induction magnetic field with the amplitude being compared with an axial externally applied magnetic field is caused in an injection-wave interaction area, and then the axial drift, the working mode jump, the frequency shift effect and the pulse shortening effect of electrons are caused, so that the cascade relativistic magnetrons fail in frequency and phase locking.
The coupling mode of the currently proposed cascade phase locking scheme is single, the cascade phase locking relativity magnetron realizes high-frequency electromagnetic field interaction mainly by pulling the distance between adjacent magnetrons, the conventional cascade phase locking power magnetron realizes electric coupling by utilizing an axial mode-separating band to conduct anode blocks in the adjacent magnetrons, and the two schemes still have more limitations in practical application.
The distance between adjacent anode blocks is shortened, the structural characteristics of a resonant system can be changed, the coupling impedance of each intrinsic mode of the magnetron is changed, the working area of the expected working mode of the magnetron is easily narrowed, a certain electronic tuning range is lost, higher requirements are provided for the regulation and control precision of the externally applied anode voltage and the externally applied axial magnetic field, and the practicability of the magnetron is reduced. Meanwhile, the axial distance between the adjacent magnetron extraction channels is too small, so that the structural design difficulty is improved, and the flexibility of layout is reduced.
The axial mode-separating belt design has better operation effect in the cascaded conventional power magnetrons, but is difficult to achieve an ideal working state in the cascaded relativistic magnetrons. The strong current flowing through the cathode of the cascade relativity magnetron causes a strong angular induced magnetic field in the injection-wave interaction region between the cathode and the anode, and the injection-wave interaction region and the radial electric field between the cathode and the anode jointly push electrons to do axial drifting movement, so that the density distribution of electrons in each cascade relativity magnetron interaction region is unbalanced, and further the output power difference of each tube is overlarge. The stronger angular electric field has a higher harmonic mode which is easy to excite an axial direction and has a larger difference with a basic mode working frequency point. Phase locking is difficult to achieve with only conventional split band structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the technology, the invention provides the axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on the frequency locking of the loop bar coupling structure, and the stronger electric coupling and magnetic coupling are established between two adjacent high-frequency structures by loading the loop bar coupling structure, so that the problem of insufficient coupling degree of two adjacent tubes in the traditional axial cascade relativistic magnetron is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on a loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking comprises a plurality of high-frequency systems;
the high-frequency system comprises a cathode, an anode and a plurality of coupling gaps;
the anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell and a plurality of fan-shaped anode blades which are arranged in the anode shell and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the number of the fan-shaped anode blades of each high-frequency system is the same; the sector cavities between two adjacent sector anode blades are resonant cavities;
the cathode comprises a cathode electron emission structure; the cathode electron emission structure is arranged at the center of the internal cavity of the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell;
the coupling gap is arranged on the anode shell and is used for radially coupling out energy in the resonant cavity;
the method is characterized in that two adjacent high-frequency systems are axially cascaded through a coupling section; the coupling section comprises a cylindrical shell, a cathode connecting rod, a plurality of coupling rods which are identical in size and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and two coupling rings;
the cylindrical shell enables the inner walls of the anode shells of two adjacent high-frequency systems to linearly transit;
the cathode connecting rod is of a cylindrical structure, and two ends of the cathode connecting rod are respectively connected with and support cathode electron emission structures of two adjacent high-frequency systems;
the coupling rod is of a cylindrical structure, and two ends of the coupling rod are respectively connected with the end faces of the fan-shaped anode blades of the two adjacent high-frequency systems;
the coupling ring is of a circular ring structure, and the coupling ring is coaxial with the coupling section; the coupling rings are communicated with the coupling rods.
Further, the high-frequency systems are of the same cavity structure or of different cavity structures.
Further, the distance from the center of the cross section of the coupling ring to the axis of the coupling section is larger than the inner radius of the fan-shaped anode vane and smaller than the outer radius of the resonant cavity.
Further, the distance from the coupling ring to the nearest adjacent anode vane is 0.5-2 times the axial length of the anode vane; the axial length of the coupling section is 0.5-2 times of the working wavelength.
Further, the diameter of the coupling rod is 1-20 mm; the diameter of the cross section of the coupling ring is 1-20 mm.
Further, the number of the fan-shaped anode blades is 2N, and the number of the coupling rods is N, and n=3 to 9 is common.
Further, a rectangular waveguide is arranged outside the coupling gap to serve as an energy output structure.
The working principle of the cascade relativistic magnetron of the invention is as follows: the high-frequency electromagnetic field is transmitted into the adjacent high-frequency structure from one high-frequency structure through the loop bar coupling structure, so that the synchronization of electromagnetic resonance frequencies and the phase locking of the high-frequency electromagnetic field in the two pipes are realized. In the loop bar coupling phase-locked relativity magnetron structure, a coupling loop, a coupling bar and an anode blade form an electromagnetic oscillation loop, an axial magnetic field in a high-frequency electromagnetic field is a closed curved surface surrounded by the coupling loop, the change of magnetic flux enables loop electromotive force to be generated on the coupling loop, induced electromotive force is transmitted to the coupling loop close to an adjacent magnetron along the axial direction through the coupling bar, and finally high-frequency electromagnetic resonance related to the original magnetron in the frequency and phase of the interaction area of the adjacent magnetron is excited, the loop bar coupling structure is regulated, the potential synchronization relation of resonant cavities of all adjacent high-frequency systems and the magnetic flux distribution rule in the transition area between the adjacent high-frequency systems can be changed, so that the electromagnetic coupling strength between the high-frequency electromagnetic fields in the adjacent high-frequency structures is regulated, the interference of the electromagnetic field accompanied by the strong current effect of the relativity magnetron is overcome, and the frequency locking phase locking of the cascade relativity magnetron is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The loop bar coupling structure provides enough coupling strength for the adjacent high-frequency structure, overcomes the interference of the non-uniform electromagnetic field associated with the relativistic magnetron strong current effect on the phase locking process, and realizes relativistic magnetron stage interlocking frequency phase locking output.
(2) Due to the arrangement of the coupling section structure, a larger distance is reserved between the anode blades of the adjacent high-frequency structures in the cascade magnetrons, a reasonable geometric structure is provided for the working mode, the mode purity can be improved, and the mode competition can be avoided.
(3) The coupling section structure reserves a large enough anode end space on the premise of ensuring enough coupling degree between pipes, and solves the problems of pulse shortening, frequency drift, efficiency reduction and the like caused by plasma growth generated by explosive emission in an interaction region.
(4) The loop bar coupling structure has better coupling degree and phase locking performance than the axial mode-separating band structure in relativistic magnetrons.
(5) The problem that the output structure space between adjacent tubes is too small is solved by the sufficiently large magnetron axial space brought by the coupling section structure, the structural design flexibility is improved, and the cascade phase-locked relativistic magnetron is beneficial to the practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a magnetron of an embodiment of a loop bar coupling cascade relativity;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a segmented large resonant cavity of an embodiment loop bar coupling cascade relativity magnetron;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a split small resonant cavity of an embodiment loop bar coupling cascade relativity magnetron;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a magnetron of an embodiment loop bar coupling cascade relativistic magnetron;
FIG. 5 is a dimensioning illustration of a ring-rod coupled cascade relativistic magnetron of an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional dimension illustration of a high frequency system of an embodiment loop bar coupled cascade relativistic magnetron;
FIG. 7 is a graph of output signal power of a loop bar coupled cascade relativistic magnetron;
fig. 8 is a graph of the output signal spectrum of a loop bar coupled cascade relativistic magnetron.
Reference numerals illustrate: 11. the cathode electron emission structure, 12, cathode connection rod, 21, anode vane, 22, anode casing, 31, coupling rod, 32, coupling ring, 33, cylindrical casing, 41, rectangular waveguide, 42, coupling gap, 51, large resonant cavity, 52, small resonant cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments for better illustrating the objects, advantages and technical ideas of the invention. It should be noted that the specific examples given below serve only to illustrate the invention in detail and do not limit the invention.
Fig. 1 to 5 are schematic structural views of a loop bar coupling cascade relativity magnetron according to the present embodiment, the cascade relativity magnetron includes two high frequency systems of the same size, and the two high frequency systems are axially cascade connected through a coupling section.
The high-frequency structure in this embodiment is a sunburst type cavity structure having 8 resonators, including a cathode, an anode, and a coupling slit. Wherein the anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell, and is arranged in the anode shell along the circumferenceAnd 8 fan-shaped anode blades which are uniformly distributed, wherein a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blades is a resonant cavity. The inner radius of the anode casing is 36mm; axial length h of anode vane a Anode vane opening angle of 68mm25deg, inner radius R a 16mm; small cavity opening angle->And large cavity opening angle->Are all 20deg, and the radius R of the small resonant cavity v1 28mm, large cavity radius R v2 36mm; axial dimension h of end space e 30mm.
The cathode comprises a cylindrical cathode electron emission structure which is arranged inside the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell, and the radius R of the cylindrical cathode electron emission structure c Is 7mm in axial length h c 52mm.
The coupling gaps are 4 rectangular gaps arranged on the anode shell, the width sides and the narrow sides w of the rectangular gaps are 72x8mm in size, rectangular waveguides are arranged outside each rectangular gap, and the width sides a and the narrow sides b of the rectangular waveguides are 72x34mm in size and are used for radially coupling out energy in the resonant cavity.
The coupling section comprises a cylindrical shell with an inner radius of 36mm, a cathode connecting rod, 4 coupling rods with the same size and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and 2 coupling rings.
The cathode connecting rod is of a cylindrical structure with the radius of 5mm, and two ends of the cathode connecting rod are respectively connected with and support cathode electron emission structures of two adjacent high-frequency systems.
The coupling rod is of diameter D strip Is 2mm in axial length d a The cylindrical structure is 105mm, two ends of the cylindrical structure are respectively connected with the end faces of the fan-shaped anode blades of two adjacent high-frequency systems, and the distance R between the central axis of the coupling rod and the central axis of the high-frequency system strip Is 23mm.
The coupling rings are communicatedCircular structure of each coupling rod with cross-section diameter D ring The distance R from the center of the cross section of the coupling ring to the axis of the coupling section is 2mm ring 23mm, distance d between two coupling rings ring 51mm.
The coupling ring perpendicularly intersects each coupling rod and makes a conductive connection.
A loop bar coupled cascade relativistic magnetron with an operating frequency of 2.89GHz was simulated according to the above examples. From simulation figures 6-7, it is seen that adjacent cascaded magnetrons achieve phase locking at 15ns under conditions of an operating voltage of 450kV and an axial guiding magnetic field of 0.37T.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on a loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking comprises a plurality of high-frequency systems;
the high-frequency system is of a different cavity structure and comprises a cathode, an anode and a plurality of coupling gaps;
the anode comprises a cylindrical anode shell and a plurality of fan-shaped anode blades which are arranged in the anode shell and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the number of the fan-shaped anode blades of each high-frequency system is the same; the sector cavities between two adjacent sector anode blades are resonant cavities;
the cathode comprises a cathode electron emission structure; the cathode electron emission structure is arranged at the center of the internal cavity of the anode shell and is coaxial with the anode shell;
the coupling gap is arranged on the anode shell, and a rectangular waveguide is arranged outside the coupling gap and used as an energy output structure for radially coupling and outputting energy in the resonant cavity;
the method is characterized in that two adjacent high-frequency systems are axially cascaded through a coupling section; the coupling section comprises a cylindrical shell, a cathode connecting rod, a plurality of coupling rods which are identical in size and uniformly distributed along the circumference, and two coupling rings;
the cylindrical shell enables the inner walls of the anode shells of two adjacent high-frequency systems to linearly transit;
the cathode connecting rod is of a cylindrical structure, and two ends of the cathode connecting rod are respectively connected with and support cathode electron emission structures of two adjacent high-frequency systems;
the coupling rod is of a cylindrical structure, and two ends of the coupling rod are respectively connected with the end faces of the fan-shaped anode blades of the two adjacent high-frequency systems;
the coupling ring is of a circular ring structure, and the coupling ring is coaxial with the coupling section; the coupling rings are communicated with the coupling rods.
2. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on the frequency locking of the loop bar coupling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a distance from a center of a cross section of the coupling loop to an axis of the coupling section is larger than an inner radius of the fan-shaped anode vane and smaller than an outer radius of the resonant cavity.
3. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on the frequency and phase locking of the loop bar coupling structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the distance from the coupling loop to the nearest anode vane is 0.5-2 times the axial length of the anode vane; the axial length of the coupling section is 0.5-2 times of the working wavelength.
4. The axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on loop bar coupling structure frequency locking as claimed in claim 3, wherein the diameter of said coupling bar is 1-20 mm; the diameter of the cross section of the coupling ring is 1-20 mm.
5. The axially cascaded phase-locked relativistic magnetron based on a loop bar coupling structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the fan-shaped anode blades is 2N, and the number of the coupling bars is N, n=3 to 9.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546870A (en) * | 1941-10-03 | 1951-03-27 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | High-frequency electrical oscillator |
| FR2918517A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-09 | Univ La Reunion | Microwave emitting device for e.g. solar power satellite, has locking unit locking frequency of each secondary module and with unit connecting circulator input of each secondary module to output of coupler of previous secondary module |
| CN105428191A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode |
| CN109686636A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-26 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of magnetron structures with modular nature |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8624496B2 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2014-01-07 | Muons, Inc. | Phase and frequency locked magnetron |
| US9711315B2 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-07-18 | Raytheon Company | Axial strapping of a multi-core (cascaded) magnetron |
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2022
- 2022-02-28 CN CN202210185797.1A patent/CN114664617B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2546870A (en) * | 1941-10-03 | 1951-03-27 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | High-frequency electrical oscillator |
| FR2918517A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-09 | Univ La Reunion | Microwave emitting device for e.g. solar power satellite, has locking unit locking frequency of each secondary module and with unit connecting circulator input of each secondary module to output of coupler of previous secondary module |
| CN105428191A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode |
| CN109686636A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-26 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of magnetron structures with modular nature |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 刘青雨.某脉冲磁控管电参数与热性能的分析与优化仿真.《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》.2017,(第2期),全文. * |
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