CN114660552A - Satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship target signal receiving and direct interference suppression method - Google Patents

Satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship target signal receiving and direct interference suppression method Download PDF

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CN114660552A
CN114660552A CN202210204507.3A CN202210204507A CN114660552A CN 114660552 A CN114660552 A CN 114660552A CN 202210204507 A CN202210204507 A CN 202210204507A CN 114660552 A CN114660552 A CN 114660552A
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antenna
direct interference
subarray
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array
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CN114660552B (en
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夏正欢
刘新
赵志龙
张涛
尹心
董启甲
徐振兴
金世超
王海涛
岳富占
彭涛
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Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/35—Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • G01S19/37—Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for receiving a target signal and inhibiting direct interference of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship, which comprises the following steps: a. optimizing an antenna; b. optimizing the suppression of the direct interference signal; c. digital beamforming is performed on the GNSS-S signals. The invention can receive weak scattering signals of large-range sea surface ship targets and inhibit direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites.

Description

Satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship target signal receiving and direct interference suppression method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for receiving target signals and suppressing direct interference of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship.
Background
The detection of a large-area sea surface ship target is always a hot point of scientific research, is influenced by weather such as sea cloud, rain, fog and the like, an optical sensor is difficult to exert the advantages of high-resolution imaging and identification in the detection, and a satellite-borne SAR system can penetrate through clouds and fog, has the characteristic of all-weather sea observation all day long, and is suitable for the high-resolution imaging and detection application of the sea surface ship target. However, the existing satellite-borne SAR system is difficult to realize long-time tracking of a ship target, and the existing technology usually adopts a mode of actively transmitting a high-power signal, so that the system is easy to intercept and interfere.
In this regard, some techniques utilize the reflected signal (GNSS-R) of the navigation satellite signal to complete the sea surface wind field survey and implement low earth orbit satellite loading tests. Meanwhile, the technology also provides that satellite-to-ground double-station SAR imaging is realized on the ground by using a scattering signal (GNSS-S) of a navigation satellite signal, but the imaging resolution is generally more than 10m due to the limitation of the effective bandwidth of the navigation satellite signal, so that meter-level resolution SAR imaging is difficult to realize and image domain ship target identification is not facilitated.
The satellite-borne GNSS-S radar can receive ship target scattering signals of navigation satellite signals, can realize ship target detection after signal processing, does not need to actively transmit high-power signals, has the advantages of low power consumption, light weight and the like, or can become one of important technical means for detecting ships on sea surface in space. However, the power of the navigation satellite signal is low, and after the two-way attenuation, the power of the ship target scattering signal is far lower than the noise power. In addition, because the number of the on-orbit navigation satellites is large, part of navigation satellite signals directly enter the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna to become direct interference signals, and the power of the direct interference signals is generally 30-50dB greater than that of the scattered signals of the ship targets. Therefore, it is desirable to find a technology for receiving signals and suppressing direct interference signals of a large-scale sea-surface ship target to improve the detection performance of the large-scale sea-surface ship target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for receiving a target signal and suppressing direct interference of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for suppressing target signal reception and direct interference of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship, comprising the steps of:
a. optimizing an antenna;
b. optimizing the suppression of the direct interference signal;
c. digital beamforming is performed on the GNSS-S signals.
According to one aspect of the invention, the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna is a non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna, and comprises:
m multiplied by N non-uniform subarray antennas for receiving scattered signals of large-area sea surface ship targets by wide beams, wherein the array element number of each subarray antenna is Km,nTaking 3-10, the offset of the distance to the nth array element position relative to the distance to the 1 st array element position is dn；
The digital receiving assembly is used for carrying out low-noise amplification, band-pass filtering, down-conversion, intermediate frequency amplification and intermediate frequency signal sampling quantization on the GNSS-S signals output by the non-uniform subarray antenna to obtain digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals, and recording the position of the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals to be S in the mth direction and the distance of the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals to be n in the nth directionm,n(t), t is a fast time variable.
According to an aspect of the present invention, in the step (a), the non-uniform subarray arrangement of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna and the number of array elements of the subarray antenna are optimized, including:
a1, establishing a non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function according to the antenna scanning range, the antenna total gain, the subarray antenna gain, the antenna main lobe width and the antenna side lobe level, searching and optimizing the array element number of each subarray antenna, and enabling the whole antenna directional diagram to meet the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum antenna main lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level;
a2, searching and optimizing variables of the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function by using a parallel genetic algorithm, and obtaining the optimal arrangement mode of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna, the array element number of the subarray antenna, and the optimal complex weight corresponding to each subarray antenna.
According to one aspect of the invention, the antenna scans over a range of azimuth angles of
Figure BDA0003530893540000031
In the range of the distance direction scanning, theta epsilon-thetamax,θmax]，
Figure BDA0003530893540000032
Taking 3-6 degrees and thetamaxTaking 20-30 degrees;
the total gain G of the antenna is more than or equal to G0The gain GS of the subarray antenna is more than or equal to GS0，G0Taking 30dB-45dB, GS0Taking 10dB-20 dB;
the width phi of the main lobe of the antenna in the azimuth direction is less than or equal to phi0The width theta of the main lobe of the antenna in the distance direction is not more than theta0，Φ 01 to 2 degrees are taken and theta is0Taking 3-6 degrees;
when the antenna beam center points
Figure BDA0003530893540000033
Time, antenna pattern
Figure BDA0003530893540000034
Side lobe level of
Figure BDA0003530893540000035
P0Taking and adding food13dB to-18 dB;
the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003530893540000036
the objective function after weighted combination is:
f(Km,n,dn,Am,n,am,n)＝-w1·f1+w2·f2+w3·f3+w4·f4；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003530893540000037
and w1∈[0.2,0.3],w2∈[0.1,0.2],w3∈[0.1,0.2],w4∈[0.5,0.8](ii) a The variable of the multi-objective function optimization is Km,n、dn、Am,n、am,n；Km,nThe number of antenna elements of the m-th sub-array antenna in azimuth direction and the n-th sub-array antenna in distance direction, and Km,n∈[3,10]；dnIs the distance offset of the nth range subarray along the azimuth direction, and dn∈[0,10λc]，λcThe wavelength is corresponding to the working center frequency; a. them,nAnd am,nAmplitude values and phase values of the mth sub-array antenna in the azimuth direction and the nth sub-array antenna in the distance direction are respectively obtained; pSL(. h) is a function of the maximum sidelobe level of the antenna pattern;
weighting and combining the target function f (K) by utilizing a parallel genetic algorithmm,n,dn,Am,n,am,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { K of the multi-objective function variablem,n}、opt{dn}、opt{Am,n}、opt{am,nObtaining the array element number opt { K } of each subarray antennam,nAn offset opt from the direction of distance dnAnd completing non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna arrangement.
According to an aspect of the invention, in the step (b), the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna is optimized, and the direct interference signals of multiple navigation satellites are deeply suppressed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the step (b) comprises:
b1, establishing a direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function, and realizing suppression depth maximization on the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites, so that the whole antenna directional diagram meets the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum antenna main lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level;
b2, searching and optimizing the multi-objective function for the suppression optimization of the direct interference signals by using a parallel genetic algorithm, obtaining the optimal complex weight of each subarray antenna, and realizing the deep suppression of the P direct interference signals.
According to one aspect of the invention, the angles of the direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites are calculated according to the position and the speed of the plurality of navigation satellites, the position and the speed of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, the antenna installation angle, the detection area and other information, and the angle of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite is calculated by taking the normal direction of the antenna as reference
Figure BDA0003530893540000041
Calculating the direct interference signal power of a plurality of navigation satellites according to the positions and the speeds of a plurality of navigation satellites, the positions and the speeds of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar and the antenna installation angle, and calculating the direct interference signal power Ps of the pth navigation satellitep；
According to the double-station radar equation, calculating the echo power Pt of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar to the minimum detectable ship targetminThe power of the direct interference signal with each navigation satellite meets Ptmin≥Psp-GypP1, 2.. P, wherein, GypThe suppression depth of the antenna to the direct interference signal of the p navigation satellite; p is the total number of navigation satellites of the direct interference signal;
the suppression width of the direct interference signal of the p-th navigation satellite meets delta phi in the azimuth directionp∈[Φ0,2Φ0]In the direction of distance, Δ Θ is satisfiedp∈[Θ0,2Θ0]；
Optimizing searchWeighted amplitude A1 of each antenna subarraym,nAnd phase a1m,nAnd maximizing the suppression depth of the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites, and enabling the whole antenna directional diagram to meet the conditions of maximum total gain, minimum width of a main lobe of the antenna and minimum level of a side lobe of the antenna, wherein the direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003530893540000051
the objective function after weighted combination is:
g(A1m,n,a1m,n)＝-γ1·g1+γ2·g2+γ3·g3+γ4·g4-γ5·g5；
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003530893540000052
and gamma is1∈[0.2,0.3]，γ2∈[0.1,0.2]，γ3∈[0.1,0.2]，γ4∈[0.35,0.5]，γ5∈[0.35,0.5]；
Weighting the combined target function g by using a parallel genetic algorithm (A1)m,n,a1m,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { A1 of the multi-objective function variablem,nAnd opt { a1 }m,nThe signals s output by the M multiplied by N sub-array antennas of the antenna are multipliedm,n(t) performing complex weighting to realize digital beam synthesis
Figure BDA0003530893540000053
Figure BDA0003530893540000054
Forming an echo signal for the digital beam; e is the base number of the natural logarithm function;
Figure BDA0003530893540000055
and adjusting the pointing angle of the beam center for the detection areas pointed by different beams, repeatedly searching and optimizing the direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function by utilizing a parallel genetic algorithm, obtaining the optimized complex weights pointed by different beams, and realizing the depth suppression of the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites during the large-range sea surface ship target detection.
According to an aspect of the present invention, in the step (c), performing digital beamforming on the mxn GNSS-S signals output by the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna by using an optimized digital beamformer to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio GNSS-S signals.
According to one aspect of the invention, an optimized digital beamformer comprises:
n azimuth digital beam formers for performing azimuth complex weighting on the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals output from each row, wherein the output of the nth azimuth digital beam former is
Figure BDA0003530893540000061
A range-wise digital beamformer for complex weighting of range-wise GNSS-S signals
Figure BDA0003530893540000062
M × N complex weights A1m,n、a1m,nObtaining an optimal value opt { A1 by multi-objective function modeling and genetic algorithm search optimizationm,n}、opt{a1m,nAnd realizing deep suppression of direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites, wherein,
Figure BDA0003530893540000063
the output echo signals are formed for the nth azimuth digital beam.
According to one aspect of the invention, the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna adopts a non-uniform subarray type phased array antenna technology in the azimuth direction, and adopts a full digital array antenna technology in the distance direction;
the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna works in a front side view mode, M sub-array antennas and N array elements which are respectively arranged in the azimuth direction and the distance direction correspond to M multiplied by N receiving channels, and each receiving channel is a wide wave beam;
the working frequency range of the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna is 1.17GHz-1.29GHz, the polarization mode is left-hand circular polarization, and the total gain of the antenna is more than 30 dB;
irradiating the sea surface of a large area by Q navigation satellites as a scattering source, and directly irradiating by P navigation satellite signals as an interference source;
the included angle between the incident angle of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite and the incident angle of the antenna beam center is thetaspThe distance between the pth navigation satellite interference source and the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna is RtpThe power arriving at the antenna is Psp；
The included angle between the azimuth angle of the direct interference signal of the p navigation satellite and the central azimuth angle of the antenna wave beam is
Figure BDA0003530893540000072
The azimuth angle of the antenna beam center is 0 degree;
utilizing digital beam forming to carry out beam forming on GNSS-S signals output by M multiplied by N channels to obtain K digital sub-beams, wherein the corresponding width of the K digital sub-beam is WkThe total width of the probe is
Figure BDA0003530893540000071
After the digital wave beam is formed, the antenna main lobe presents narrow wave beams in the azimuth direction and the distance direction, and a plurality of digital sub-wave beams are formed in the distance direction, so that the scattered signal receiving of the large-area sea surface ship target is realized.
According to the concept of the invention, the invention provides a large-area ship signal receiving and direct interference suppression method of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, so that weak scattering signals of ship targets on the sea surface in a large range can be received, and direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites can be suppressed.
According to one scheme of the invention, the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar adopts the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna to synchronously receive weak scattering signals of a large-range sea surface ship target, establishes the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function according to the requirements of an antenna scanning range, antenna total gain, subarray antenna gain, beam minor lobe level and the like, and searches and optimizes the multi-objective function by utilizing a genetic algorithm to obtain the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna arrangement and each subarray array element number. In addition, according to the position and speed of a plurality of navigation satellites, the position and speed of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, the antenna installation angle, a detection area and other information, the angles and the powers of direct interference signals of the plurality of navigation satellites are calculated, a direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function is established, a genetic algorithm is utilized to search and optimize complex weights of a non-uniform subarray, deep suppression of the direct interference signals of the navigation satellites at a plurality of angles is achieved, the signal-to-noise ratio of a sea surface ship target scattering signal is improved, and optimal digital beam forming is achieved. Therefore, the method has the advantages of large receiving range, high sensitivity, small number of subarrays, high interference rejection ratio and the like, can carry out deep rejection on the direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the scattering signals of the sea surface ship targets, and has high application value and wide market application prospect.
According to one scheme of the invention, a non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna optimization technology is adopted, the number of receiving channels of the antenna is greatly reduced under the condition that the requirement of azimuth beam scanning performance is ensured, the complexity of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar system is simplified, and the method has the advantages of small number of receiving channels, low system complexity, low power consumption and the like, and is suitable for large-area sea surface ship target detection and space direct interference signal suppression application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing an on-board GNSS-S radar antenna and suppressing direct interference according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a target detection scene of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar on a large-scale sea surface ship according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an incident angle of a pth direct interference signal with respect to a center of an antenna beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the azimuth of the pth direct interference signal with respect to the center of the antenna beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an angular distribution of a non-uniform subarray antenna to P direct interference rejection areas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, which are not repeated herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for receiving the large-area (large-range) sea-surface ship target signal and suppressing the direct interference of the navigation satellite (i.e., the method for suppressing the direct interference signal) of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar can be applied to the research of a space-based distributed high-resolution wide-range SAR imaging system, and can be used in a satellite-borne radar system to realize the large-range ship target detection and the spatial direct interference signal suppression. The method comprises the steps of firstly optimizing non-uniform subarray antennas 10, namely optimizing the non-uniform subarray antennas of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, wherein the non-uniform subarray configuration, the array elements of the subarray antennas and the like are optimized, and the number of the subarray antennas is reduced as much as possible under the condition that the beam performance of the antennas is guaranteed. Then, the direct interference signal rejection optimization 30 is performed, that is, the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna 20 is optimized, and the multiple navigation satellite direct interference signal rejection is optimized, so that the deep rejection is realized. Finally, the optimized digital beam former 40 is used to perform digital beam forming on the mxn GNSS-S signals output by the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20, so as to obtain GNSS-S signals with high signal-to-noise ratio.
The non-uniform subarray antenna optimization 10 includes: constructing 101 an antenna beam multi-objective function model, namely establishing a non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function according to the requirements of an antenna scanning range, total antenna gain, subarray antenna gain, antenna main lobe width, antenna side lobe level and the like, searching and optimizing a plurality of variables such as array elements of each subarray antenna, and enabling the whole antenna directional diagram to meet the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum antenna main lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level; and (4) optimizing A102 by using a parallel genetic algorithm, namely searching and optimizing variables of the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function by using the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal arrangement mode of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20, the array element number of each non-uniform subarray antenna and the optimal complex weight corresponding to each subarray antenna.
In the specific process of optimizing multi-objective function modeling and searching optimization of the non-uniform subarray antenna, the scanning range of the antenna in the azimuth direction is
Figure BDA0003530893540000101
In the range of the distance direction scanning, theta epsilon-thetamax,θmax]，
Figure BDA0003530893540000102
Taking 3-6 degrees and thetamaxTaking 20-30 degrees; the total gain of the antenna is G ≥ G0The gain of the subarray antenna is GS or more0，G0Taking 30dB-45dB, GS0Taking 10dB-20 dB; the width of the main lobe of the antenna in the azimuth direction is phi less than or equal to phi0The width of the main lobe of the antenna in the distance direction is theta or less0，Φ 01 to 2 degrees are taken and theta is0Taking 3-6 degrees; when the antenna beam center points
Figure BDA0003530893540000103
Time, antenna pattern
Figure BDA0003530893540000104
Side lobe level of
Figure BDA0003530893540000105
P0Take-13 dB to-18 dB.
The non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003530893540000106
the objective function after weighted combination is:
f(Km,n,dn,Am,n,am,n)＝-w1·f1+w2·f2+w3·f3+w4·f4；
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0003530893540000107
and w1∈[0.2,0.3],w2∈[0.1,0.2],w3∈[0.1,0.2],w4∈[0.5,0.8](ii) a Making the antenna side lobe level minimization function larger; the variable of the multi-objective function optimization is Km,n、dn、Am,n、am,n；Km,nThe number of antenna elements of the m-th sub-array antenna in azimuth direction and the n-th sub-array antenna in distance direction, and Km,n∈[3,10]；dnIs the distance offset of the nth range sub-array along the azimuth direction, and dn∈[0,10λc]，λcThe wavelength is corresponding to the working center frequency; a. them,nAnd am,nAmplitude values and phase values of the mth sub-array antenna in the azimuth direction and the nth sub-array antenna in the distance direction are respectively obtained; pSL(. h) is a function of the maximum sidelobe level of the antenna pattern;
weighting and combining the target function f (K) by utilizing a parallel genetic algorithmm,n,dn,Am,n,am,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { K) of the multi-objective function variablem,n}、opt{dn}、opt{Am,n}、opt{am,nObtaining the array element number opt { K } of each subarray antennam,nAn offset opt from the direction of distance dnAnd completing the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna 20 arrangement.
The direct interference signal rejection optimization 30 includes: constructing 301 an interference null multi-objective function model, namely establishing a direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function, and realizing suppression depth maximization on the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites, so that the whole antenna directional diagram meets the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum antenna main lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level; and B302 is optimized by a parallel genetic algorithm, namely, the multi-objective function for suppressing and optimizing the direct interference signals is searched and optimized to obtain the optimal complex weight of each subarray antenna, so that the deep suppression of P direct interference signals is realized.
In specific direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function modeling and search optimization, the angles of direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites are calculated according to the position and speed of the plurality of navigation satellites, the position and speed of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, the antenna installation angle and other information, direct interference caused by the signals of P navigation satellites when a sea surface ship is detected is calculated, and the angle of the direct interference signal of the P navigation satellite is calculated by taking the normal direction of the antenna as reference
Figure BDA0003530893540000111
Calculating the power of direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites according to the position and speed of the plurality of navigation satellites, the position and speed of a satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, the antenna installation angle and other information, and calculating the power Ps of the direct interference signals of the pth navigation satellitep。
According to the double-station radar equation, calculating the echo power Pt of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar to the minimum detectable ship targetminThe power of the direct interference signal with each navigation satellite meets Ptmin≥Psp-GypP1, 2.. P, wherein, GypThe suppression depth of the antenna to the direct interference signal of the p navigation satellite; p is the total number of navigational satellites in the direct interference signal. The suppression width of the direct interference signal of the p-th navigation satellite meets delta phi in the azimuth directionp∈[Φ0,2Φ0]Satisfies Δ Θ in the distance directionp∈[Θ0,2Θ0]。
Optimizing the weighted amplitude A1 for each antenna subarray searchm,n(optimized amplitude) and phase a1m,nThe suppression depth of the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites is maximized, and the whole antenna directional diagram meets the requirementsThe total gain is maximum, the width of the main lobe of the antenna is minimum, and the level of the side lobe of the antenna is minimum, so that the direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0003530893540000121
the objective function after weighted combination is:
g(A1m,n,a1m,n)＝-γ1·g1+γ2·g2+γ3·g3+γ4·g4-γ5·g5；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003530893540000122
and gamma is1∈[0.2,0.3]，γ2∈[0.1,0.2]，γ3∈[0.1,0.2]，γ4∈[0.35,0.5]，γ5∈[0.35,0.5]；
The antenna side lobe level minimization function is more proportional to the direct interference signal suppression depth maximization function.
Weighting the combined target function g by using a parallel genetic algorithm (A1)m,n,a1m,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { A1 of the multi-objective function variablem,n}、opt{a1m,n}, signal s output by M × N sub-array antennas of the antennam,n(t) performing complex weighting to realize digital beam synthesis,
Figure BDA0003530893540000123
Figure BDA0003530893540000124
forming an echo signal for the digital beam; e is the base number of the natural logarithm function;
Figure BDA0003530893540000125
thereby suppressing the power of direct interference signals of P navigation satellites.
And adjusting the pointing angle of the beam center for the detection areas pointed by different beams, and repeatedly searching and optimizing the direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function by using a parallel genetic algorithm to obtain optimized complex weights pointed by different beams, thereby realizing the deep suppression of the direct interference signals of P navigation satellites during the large-range sea surface ship target detection.
Referring to fig. 2, the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna 20 includes: the M × N non-uniform subarray antennas 201 are configured to receive a scattering signal of a large-area sea surface ship target with a wide beam, and implement large-area sea surface ship target detection, that is, the wide-area sea surface ship target detection includes M subarray antennas and N array elements in the azimuth direction and the distance direction, corresponding to M × N receiving channels, each receiving channel is a wide beam, and the number of the array elements of each subarray antenna is Km,n(i.e. the number of antenna elements of the m-th sub-array antenna in azimuth and the n-th sub-array antenna in distance) is 3-10, and the offset of the n-th array element in distance is d relative to the 1-st array element in distancen(ii) a A digital receiving component 202, configured to perform low-noise amplification, band-pass filtering, down-conversion, intermediate-frequency amplification, and intermediate-frequency signal sampling and quantization on a GNSS-S signal output by the subarray antenna, to obtain a digital-domain intermediate-frequency GNSS-S signal, where the digital-domain intermediate-frequency GNSS-S signal is S in an m-th direction and S in an n-th directionm,n(t), t is a fast time variable.
The non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20 adopts a non-uniform subarray type phased array antenna technology in the azimuth direction to reduce the number of azimuth direction receiving components and radio frequency cables, the azimuth direction comprises M subarray antennas, and each subarray antenna corresponds to one receiving component; the full-digital array antenna technology is adopted in the distance direction to realize the efficient receiving of the scattering signals of the large-range sea surface ship targets, N antenna array elements are contained in the distance direction, and each antenna array element corresponds to one receiving component. The working frequency range of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20 is 1.17GHz-1.29GHz, the polarization mode is left-hand circular polarization, and the total gain of the antenna is larger than 30 dB.
The optimized digital beamformer 40 includes: n azimuth digital beamformers 401 for performing azimuth complex weighting on the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals output from each row, the output of the nth azimuth digital beamformer 401 is
Figure BDA0003530893540000131
A range-wise digital beamformer 402 for complex weighting of range-wise GNSS-S signals, i.e.
Figure BDA0003530893540000132
M × N complex weights A1m,n、a1m,nObtaining an optimal value opt { A1 by multi-objective function modeling and genetic algorithm search optimizationm,n}、opt{a1m,nAnd realizing deep suppression of direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites, wherein,
Figure BDA0003530893540000133
the output echo signals are formed for the nth azimuth digital beam.
Referring to fig. 3, the orbit height of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar is H, the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20 works in a front side view mode to realize the scattered signal reception of a large-area sea surface ship target, and M × N subarray antennas are all wide beams; irradiating the sea surface of the large area by Q navigation satellites as scattering sources to form Q double-station radars; the direct radiation of P navigation satellite signals is used as an interference source; utilizing digital beam forming to carry out beam forming on GNSS-S signals output by M multiplied by N channels to obtain K digital sub-beams, wherein the corresponding width of the K digital sub-beam is WkThe total width of the probe is
Figure BDA0003530893540000141
Referring to fig. 4, the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna receives the scattered signal of a large-area sea-surface ship target in a front side view mode, and is simultaneously interfered by direct signals of P navigation satellites. The included angle between the incident angle of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite and the incident angle of the antenna beam center is thetaspThe distance between the pth navigation satellite interference source and the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna is RtpThe power arriving at the antenna is Psp。
Referring to FIG. 5, the azimuth of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite and the antenna beam center positionThe included angle of the angle is
Figure BDA0003530893540000142
The antenna receives the scattering signals of the sea surface ship target in a front side view working mode, and the azimuth angle of the antenna beam center is 0 degree.
Referring to fig. 6, the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna 20 receives the scattering signal of the marine vessel target on the sea surface in a front side view working mode, and the direct interference signal of the navigation satellite enters only from one side, namely the side with theta greater than 0 degree, so that the angle distribution relation of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna to the P direct interference suppression areas can be obtained. After the digital wave beam is formed, the antenna main lobe presents narrow wave beams in the azimuth direction and the distance direction, and a plurality of digital sub-wave beams are formed in the distance direction, so that the scattered signal receiving of the large-area sea surface ship target is realized.
In summary, the large-area ship signal receiving and direct interference suppression method of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar of the present invention utilizes the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna to synchronously receive the weak scattering signals of the large-area sea surface ship targets, utilizes the multi-objective function modeling and the parallel genetic algorithm to search and optimize the complex weights of the multi-channel signals, realizes the optimized digital beam forming, deeply suppresses the direct interference signals of multiple navigation satellites, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the sea surface ship target scattering signals. Meanwhile, by adopting the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna optimization technology, the number of receiving channels of the antenna is greatly reduced under the condition that the requirement of azimuth beam scanning performance is guaranteed, the complexity of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar system is simplified, and the antenna has the advantages of being few in number of receiving channels, low in system complexity, low in power consumption and the like.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A satellite-borne GNSS-S radar ship target signal receiving and direct interference suppression method comprises the following steps:
a. optimizing an antenna;
b. optimizing the suppression of the direct interference signal;
c. digital beamforming is performed on the GNSS-S signals.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the on-board GNSS-S radar antenna is a non-uniform sub-array multi-channel antenna (20) comprising:
m multiplied by N non-uniform subarray antennas (201) for receiving scattered signals of large-area sea surface ship targets with wide beams, wherein the array element number of each subarray antenna is Km,nTaking 3-10, the offset of the distance to the nth array element position relative to the distance to the 1 st array element position is dn；
The digital receiving assembly (202) is used for carrying out low-noise amplification, band-pass filtering, down-conversion, intermediate frequency amplification and intermediate frequency signal sampling quantization on the GNSS-S signals output by the non-uniform subarray antenna (201) to obtain digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals, and recording the position of the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals as S from the mth to the nthm,n(t), t is a fast time variable.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step (a), the optimization of the non-uniform subarray arrangement of the non-uniform subarray multi-channel antenna (20) and the number of elements of the subarray antenna comprises:
a1, establishing a non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function according to the antenna scanning range, the total antenna gain, the subarray antenna gain, the main antenna lobe width and the antenna side lobe level, and searching and optimizing the array element number of each subarray antenna to enable the whole antenna directional diagram to meet the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum main antenna lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level;
a2, searching and optimizing variables of the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function by using a parallel genetic algorithm, and obtaining the optimal arrangement mode of the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna (20), the array element number of the subarray antenna and the optimal complex weight corresponding to each subarray antenna.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the antenna scans over a range in azimuth of
Figure FDA0003530893530000021
In the range of the distance direction scanning, theta epsilon-thetamax,θmax]，
Figure FDA0003530893530000022
Taking 3-6 degrees, thetamaxTaking 20-30 degrees;
the total gain G of the antenna is more than or equal to G0The gain GS of the subarray antenna is more than or equal to GS0，G0Taking 30dB-45dB, GS0Taking 10dB-20 dB;
the width phi of the main lobe of the antenna in the azimuth direction is less than or equal to phi0The width theta of the main lobe of the antenna in the distance direction is not more than theta0，Φ0Taking 1-2 degrees, theta0Taking 3-6 degrees;
when the antenna beam center points
Figure FDA0003530893530000023
Time, antenna pattern
Figure FDA0003530893530000024
Side lobe level of
Figure FDA0003530893530000025
P0Taking-13 dB to-18 dB;
the non-uniform subarray antenna optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003530893530000026
the objective function after weighted combination is:
f(Km,n,dn,Am,n,am,n)＝-w1·f1+w2·f2+w3·f3+w4·f4；
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure FDA0003530893530000027
and w1∈[0.2,0.3],w2∈[0.1,0.2],w3∈[0.1,0.2],w4∈[0.5,0.8](ii) a The variable of the multi-objective function optimization is Km,n、dn、Am,n、am,n；Km,nThe number of antenna elements of the m-th azimuth antenna and the n-th sub-array antenna is Km,n∈[3,10]；dnIs the distance offset of the nth range sub-array along the azimuth direction, and dn∈[0,10λc]，λcThe wavelength is corresponding to the working center frequency; a. them,nAnd am,nAmplitude values and phase values of the mth sub-array antenna in the azimuth direction and the nth sub-array antenna in the distance direction are respectively obtained; pSL(. h) is a function of the maximum sidelobe level of the antenna pattern;
weighting and combining the target function f (K) by utilizing a parallel genetic algorithmm,n,dn,Am,n,am,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { K of the multi-objective function variablem,n}、opt{dn}、opt{Am,n}、opt{am,nObtaining the array element number opt { K } of each subarray antennam,nAn offset opt from the direction of distance dnAnd completing the array arrangement of the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna (20).
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step (b), the heterogeneous sub-array type multi-channel antenna (20) is optimized for deep rejection of multiple direct navigation satellite interference signals.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein step (b) comprises:
b1, establishing a direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function, and realizing suppression depth maximization on the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites, so that the whole antenna directional diagram meets the requirements of maximum total gain, minimum antenna main lobe width and minimum antenna side lobe level;
b2, searching and optimizing the multi-objective function for the suppression optimization of the direct interference signals by using a parallel genetic algorithm, obtaining the optimal complex weight of each subarray antenna, and realizing the deep suppression of the P direct interference signals.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the angles of the direct interference signals of the multiple navigation satellites are calculated according to the positions and velocities of the multiple navigation satellites, the positions and velocities of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar, the installation angles of the antennas, and the detection areas, and the angle of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite is calculated with the normal direction of the antenna as a reference
Figure FDA0003530893530000031
Calculating the direct interference signal power of a plurality of navigation satellites according to the positions and the speeds of the plurality of navigation satellites, the positions and the speeds of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar and the antenna installation angle, and calculating the direct interference signal power Ps of the pth navigation satellitep；
According to the double-station radar equation, calculating the echo power Pt of the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar to the minimum detectable ship targetminThe power of the direct interference signal with each navigation satellite meets Ptmin≥Psp-GypP1, 2.. P, wherein, GypThe suppression depth of the antenna to the direct interference signal of the p navigation satellite; p is the total number of navigation satellites of the direct interference signal;
the suppression width of the direct interference signal of the p-th navigation satellite meets delta phi in the azimuth directionp∈[Φ0,2Φ0]Satisfies Δ Θ in the distance directionp∈[Θ0,2Θ0]；
Optimizing the weighted amplitude A1 for each antenna subarray searchm,nAnd phase a1m,nAnd maximizing the suppression depth of the direct interference signals of the P navigation satellites, and enabling the whole antenna directional diagram to meet the conditions of maximum total gain, minimum width of a main lobe of the antenna and minimum level of a side lobe of the antenna, wherein the direct interference signal suppression optimization multi-objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003530893530000041
the objective function after weighted combination is:
g(A1m,n,a1m,n)＝-γ1·g1+γ2·g2+γ3·g3+γ4·g4-γ5·g5；
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure FDA0003530893530000042
and gamma is1∈[0.2,0.3]，γ2∈[0.1,0.2]，γ3∈[0.1,0.2]，γ4∈[0.35,0.5]，γ5∈[0.35,0.5]；
Weighting the combined target function g by using a parallel genetic algorithm (A1)m,n,a1m,n) Search optimization is carried out to obtain the optimal value opt { A1 of the multi-objective function variablem,nAnd opt a1m,n}, signal s output by M × N sub-array antennas of the antennam,n(t) performing complex weighting to realize digital beam synthesis
Figure FDA0003530893530000043
Figure FDA0003530893530000044
Forming an echo signal for the digital beam; e is the base number of the natural logarithm function;
Figure FDA0003530893530000045
and adjusting the pointing angles of the beam centers of detection areas pointed by different beams, repeatedly searching and optimizing a multi-objective function for suppressing and optimizing the direct interference signal by using a parallel genetic algorithm, obtaining optimized complex weights pointed by different beams, and realizing the depth suppression of the direct interference signal of P navigation satellites during the detection of the target of the ship on the sea surface in a large range.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step (c) the high signal-to-clutter ratio GNSS-S signals are obtained by digital beamforming with an optimized digital beamformer (40) on the mxn GNSS-S signals output by the non-uniform sub-array multi-channel antenna (20).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein optimizing the digital beamformer (40) comprises:
n azimuth digital beamformers (401) for performing azimuth complex weighting on the digital domain intermediate frequency GNSS-S signals output from each row, the output of the nth azimuth digital beamformer (401) being
Figure FDA0003530893530000051
A range-wise digital beamformer (402) for complex weighting of range-wise GNSS-S signals
Figure FDA0003530893530000052
M × N complex weights A1m,n、a1m,nObtaining an optimal value opt { A1 by multi-objective function modeling and genetic algorithm search optimizationm,n}、opt{a1m,nAnd realizing deep suppression of direct interference signals of a plurality of navigation satellites, wherein,
Figure FDA0003530893530000053
forming the output echo signal for the nth azimuth digital beam.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-uniform sub-array multi-channel antenna (20) employs non-uniform sub-array phased array antenna technology in the azimuth direction and full digital array antenna technology in the range direction;
the non-uniform subarray type multi-channel antenna (20) works in a front side view mode, M subarray antennas and N array elements which are respectively arranged in the azimuth direction and the distance direction correspond to M multiplied by N receiving channels, and each receiving channel is a wide wave beam;
the working frequency range of the non-uniform sub-array type multi-channel antenna (20) is 1.17GHz-1.29GHz, the polarization mode is left-hand circular polarization, and the total gain of the antenna is more than 30 dB;
irradiating the sea surface of a large area by Q navigation satellites as a scattering source, and directly irradiating by P navigation satellite signals as an interference source;
the included angle between the incident angle of the direct interference signal of the pth navigation satellite and the incident angle of the antenna beam center is thetaspThe distance between the pth navigation satellite interference source and the satellite-borne GNSS-S radar antenna is RtpThe power arriving at the antenna is Psp；
The included angle between the azimuth angle of the direct interference signal of the p navigation satellite and the central azimuth angle of the antenna wave beam is
Figure FDA0003530893530000061
The azimuth angle of the antenna beam center is 0 degree;
utilizing digital beam forming to carry out beam forming on GNSS-S signals output by M multiplied by N channels to obtain K digital sub-beams, wherein the corresponding width of the K digital sub-beam is WkThe total width of the detection is
Figure FDA0003530893530000062
After the digital wave beam is formed, the antenna main lobe presents narrow wave beams in the azimuth direction and the distance direction, and a plurality of digital sub-wave beams are formed in the distance direction, so that the scattered signal receiving of the large-area sea surface ship target is realized.
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