CN114660470A - Development and design method capable of preventing failure of soft package lithium ion battery due to external short circuit - Google Patents
Development and design method capable of preventing failure of soft package lithium ion battery due to external short circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114660470A CN114660470A CN202210311099.1A CN202210311099A CN114660470A CN 114660470 A CN114660470 A CN 114660470A CN 202210311099 A CN202210311099 A CN 202210311099A CN 114660470 A CN114660470 A CN 114660470A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and adopts the technical scheme that: a development design method capable of preventing failure of external short circuit of soft package lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the method comprises the following main steps: s1, firstly, starting a short circuit test of the battery; s2, next by control single factor experiment. By controlling a single-factor experiment, key factors influencing external short circuit failure are screened out, failure risks are in direct proportion to OCV open-circuit voltage, C capacity, tab resistance values R1& R2 and cell direct-current internal resistance R3 and in inverse proportion to external line resistance value R0, optimization and improvement can be carried out on materials selected from new models in development and design aiming at key parameters influencing external short circuit, and the risk of external short circuit failure is fundamentally solved on the basis of not changing original electric performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a development and design method capable of preventing failure of external short circuit of a soft package lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely applied to important fields of consumer electronics, electric automobiles, energy storage and the like by virtue of the advantages of environmental protection and good performance; the soft package lithium battery is more emphasized and favored by the people in the industry by virtue of the advantages of flexibility of size design, high specific energy and the like; however, under the conditions of short circuit and thermal abuse, safety problems such as fire and explosion caused by easy inflation, liquid leakage and even self-exothermic reaction are caused, and the industry also makes extensive research aiming at the safety problems of short circuit and thermal runaway, and the sequential reaction process of the battery is recognized as follows: firstly, high-temperature capacity attenuation; secondly, decomposing the SEI film; thirdly, carrying out negative electrode-electrolyte reaction; melting process of the diaphragm; performing positive electrode decomposition reaction; sixthly, decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution; seventhly, reacting the negative electrode with a binder; eighthly, the electrolyte is out of control in combustion; but it is only reported from which reaction cutoff is blocked, so that the risks of short circuit failure and thermal runaway can be reduced, and the corresponding product design is optimized and improved;
short circuit test is an effective mode of evaluating soft packet of lithium ion battery safety problem, adopts traditional steel needle acupuncture lithium ion battery to simulate the analysis short circuit inefficacy process usually in the trade, and wherein the steel needle mainly has two aspects effects: a, determining short-circuit current; b determining the heat dissipation area; however, the steel needle has the defects of high thermal conductivity, high electric conductivity and the like, so that the influence on the test result is large;
now, according to the GB/T18287 standard, a general short circuit testing device is adopted, a schematic diagram is shown in the attached figure 1, and a theoretical calculation formula is combined:
q cell calorific value equal to I2Current (R1+ R2+ R3) t time (1)
I current ═ OCV open circuit voltage/(R0 + R1+ R2+ R3) (2)
time t ═ C capacity/I current (3)
Q cell calorific value ═ C capacity ═ OCV open circuit voltage/(1 + R0/R1+ R2+ R3) (4)
The method has the advantages that the risk of external short circuit failure is found to have a certain relation with the capacity of the battery cell, the open-circuit voltage, the external circuit resistance value and the direct current internal resistance of the battery cell, a certain theoretical basis is provided for researching the failure process, meanwhile, the main factors influencing the short circuit failure are found out by controlling the single-factor variable, the rationality suggestion is provided for the later development and design of the soft package lithium ion battery, the internal heat generation is large after the battery cell is short-circuited in the existing design, and the phenomenon of fire caused by triggering thermal runaway is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the background art, and provides a development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of a soft package lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a development design method capable of preventing failure of external short circuit of soft package lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the method comprises the following main steps:
s1, firstly, starting a short circuit test of the battery;
s2, next by control single factor experiment.
Preferably, the S1 requires instantaneous large-rate discharge, and the magnitude of the generated current detected in S1 can be calculated by formula (2).
Preferably, in S2, the OCV open-circuit voltage, the C capacity, the R0 external line resistance value, the R1 and R2 tab resistance values, and the R3 cell direct-current internal resistance are respectively used as single factors for verification.
Preferably, the soft package lithium battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm, electrolyte, a foil material, a tab and the like, wherein the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are made of the same material.
Preferably, the soft package lithium battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm, electrolyte, a foil material, a tab and the like, wherein the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are made of the same material.
Preferably, the anode and cathode materials and the electrolyte are main factors influencing the electrical performance, and according to the experimental result of the external short circuit single factor, the foil, the tab, the C capacity, the OCV open-circuit voltage and the like are found to be important factors influencing the safety test.
Preferably, the cell capacity, voltage state, internal resistance and other key parameters are changed by fine adjustment of NP ratio, tab material length, foil specification and the like.
Preferably, a ceramic rubberized membrane with less thermal shrinkage is used to prevent external short circuit failure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by controlling a single-factor experiment, a key factor influencing the failure of the external short circuit is screened out; the failure risk is in direct proportion to OCV open-circuit voltage, C capacity, tab resistance values R1 and R2 and cell direct current internal resistance R3 and in inverse proportion to external line resistance value R0;
2. aiming at key parameters influencing external short circuit, optimization and improvement can be carried out on the selected materials of the new model development design, and the risk of failure of the external short circuit is fundamentally solved on the basis of not changing the original electrical performance;
3. the invention is suitable for soft package lithium ion batteries, and is particularly suitable for high-voltage and high-capacity battery cores.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soft package lithium ion battery short circuit test of a development design method for preventing failure of an external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery;
fig. 2 is a comparison graph of experimental results of an embodiment of the development and design method for preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
The development design method capable of preventing the external short circuit failure of the soft package lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following main steps:
s1, firstly, starting a short circuit test of the battery;
s2, next by control single factor experiment.
S1 needs to discharge instantly with large multiplying power, the magnitude of the current detected in S1 can be calculated by formula (2), the magnitude of the current detected in S2 needs to be verified by taking OCV open-circuit voltage, C capacity, R0 external line resistance, R1 and R2 tab resistance and R3 cell direct current internal resistance as single factors respectively, the soft-package lithium battery comprises anode and cathode materials, a diaphragm, electrolyte, foil materials, tabs and the like, wherein the anode and cathode materials and the soft-package lithium battery comprise the anode and cathode materials, the diaphragm, the electrolyte, foil materials, tabs and the like, the anode and cathode materials and the electrolyte are main factors influencing electrical performance, according to the experimental result of the external short-circuit single factor, the foil materials, the tabs, the C capacity, the OCV open-circuit voltage and the like are found to be important factors influencing safety testing, and the capacity, voltage state, internal resistance and other key parameters of the battery cell are changed through NP fine adjustment ratio, tab material length, foil material specification and the like, and a ceramic gluing membrane with smaller thermal shrinkage is adopted to prevent the occurrence of external short circuit failure.
After the device switch in fig. 1 is closed, the battery starts short circuit test, instant high-rate discharge is carried out, the current can be calculated through a formula (2), and the ohm law is met;
according to the formula (4), the heat produced by the battery core has a certain relation with the capacity of the battery core, the open-circuit voltage, the external circuit resistance value and the direct current internal resistance of the battery core, and the heat accumulated in the battery core directly determines the reaction process of the battery core, which is shown in the prior art outline of (i), (ii), (iv), (vii), (viii), and according to the Yamauchi T report, the critical temperature of thermal runaway is 180 ℃, and when the temperature is less than 180 ℃ before the discharge is finished, no further thermal runaway can occur; when the temperature is more than or equal to 180 ℃, further thermal runaway is caused, so that failure is caused, and 180 ℃ basically corresponds to the decomposition temperature of the positive electrode, namely the internal temperature after short circuit outside the battery cell is controlled within 180 ℃, so that failure can be prevented;
by controlling a single-factor experiment, the OCV open-circuit voltage, the C capacity, the R0 external line resistance value, the R1 and R2 lug resistance values and the R3 cell direct-current internal resistance are respectively used as single factors for verification, and main factors influencing heat generation to cause failure are found out; the results show that: the heat generation quantity in the battery cell is in direct proportion to the OCV open-circuit voltage, the C capacity, the tab resistance values R1 and R2 and the battery cell direct-current internal resistance R3 and in inverse proportion to the external circuit resistance value R0;
the soft package lithium ion battery mainly comprises the following components: the battery comprises positive and negative electrode materials, a diaphragm, electrolyte, foil, tabs and the like, wherein the positive and negative electrode materials and the electrolyte are main factors influencing the electrical performance, according to the experimental result of an external short circuit single factor, the foil, the tabs, the C capacity, the OCV open circuit voltage and the like are found to be important factors influencing safety testing, namely important guiding significance is provided for the development and design of the soft package lithium ion battery, the capacity, the voltage state, the internal resistance and other key parameters of the battery cell can be changed by finely adjusting the NP ratio, the tab material length, the foil specification and the like, and the ceramic rubber coated diaphragm with smaller thermal shrinkage is adopted to prevent the failure of the external short circuit.
Examples
The embodiment describes a soft package lithium ion battery cell with high energy density, high voltage state and high capacity, and the details are as follows:
the battery core is selected by the model: U506586P-5000mAh, volume energy density: 706 Wh/L;
materials used for the battery cell: the anode lithium cobaltate is compacted to 4.25g/cm3, the cathode graphite is compacted to 1.75g/cm3, the aluminum foil is 12 microns, the copper foil is 8 microns, the anode lug is made of aluminum, the specification is 0.1mm thick, 6mm wide, 50mm long, the cathode lug is made of copper plated with nickel, the specification is 0.1mm thick, 6mm wide, 50mm long, a 5+2+2 ceramic glue coating diaphragm, N/P is 1.08, and 4.4V high-voltage electrolyte is adopted.
External line resistance value of 80 +/-20 m omega of short-circuit equipment R0
The test standard has no fire or explosion, and the temperature is less than or equal to 150 DEG C
Comparative example 1:
1. the battery core is selected by the model: U506586P-5000mAh, volume energy density: 706 Wh/L;
2. materials used for the battery cell: the anode lithium cobaltate is compacted to 4.25g/cm3, the cathode graphite is compacted to 1.75g/cm3, the aluminum foil is 10 micrometers, the copper foil is 6 micrometers, the anode lug is made of aluminum, the specification is 0.1mm thick, 6mm wide, 50mm long, the cathode lug is made of copper plated with nickel, the specification is 0.1mm thick, 6mm wide, 50mm long, a 5+2+2 ceramic glue coating diaphragm, N/P is 1.08, and 4.4V high-voltage electrolyte is adopted.
3. External line resistance value of 80 +/-20 m omega of short-circuit equipment R0
4. The test standard has no fire or explosion, and the temperature is less than or equal to 150 DEG C
Comparative example 2:
1. the battery core is selected by the model: U506586P-5000mAh, volume energy density: 706 Wh/L;
2. the materials used for the battery cell: the anode lithium cobaltate is compacted to 4.25g/cm3, the cathode graphite is compacted to 1.75g/cm3, the aluminum foil is 10 micrometers, the copper foil is 6 micrometers, the anode lug is made of aluminum, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, the cathode lug is made of copper plated with nickel, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, a 5+2+2 ceramic glue coating diaphragm, N/P is 1.08, and 4.4V high-voltage electrolyte is adopted.
3. External line resistance value of 80 +/-20 m omega of short-circuit equipment R0
4. The test standard has no fire or explosion, and the temperature is less than or equal to 150 DEG C
Comparative example 3:
1. the battery core is selected by the model: U506586P-5000mAh, volume energy density: 706 Wh/L;
2. materials used for the battery cell: the anode lithium cobaltate is compacted to 4.25g/cm3, the cathode graphite is compacted to 1.75g/cm3, the aluminum foil is 10 micrometers, the copper foil is 6 micrometers, the anode tab is made of aluminum, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, the cathode tab is made of copper plated with nickel, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, a 5+5 ceramic mixed glue diaphragm, N/P is 1.08, and 4.4V high-voltage electrolyte is adopted.
3. External line resistance value of 80 +/-20 m omega of short-circuit equipment R0
4. The test standard has no fire or explosion, and the temperature is less than or equal to 150 DEG C
Comparative example 4:
1. the battery core is selected by the model: U506586P-5000mAh, volume energy density: 706 Wh/L;
2. materials used for the battery cell: the anode lithium cobaltate is compacted to 4.25g/cm3, the cathode graphite is compacted to 1.75g/cm3, the aluminum foil is 10 micrometers, the copper foil is 6 micrometers, the anode tab is made of aluminum, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, the cathode tab is made of copper plated with nickel, the specification is 0.08mm thick, 6mm wide, 41mm long, a 5+5 ceramic gluing diaphragm, N/P is 1.06, and 4.4V high-voltage electrolyte is adopted.
3. External line resistance value of 80 +/-20 m omega of short-circuit equipment R0
4. The test standard has no fire or explosion, and the temperature is less than or equal to 150 DEG C
The experimental results of comparative examples 1 to 4 and examples were compared and are shown in fig. 2:
the above data show that: by adjusting the foil specification, the tab specification, the diaphragm type, the N/P ratio and the like, on the premise of not influencing the electrical property capacity retention rate, the direct-current impedance of the battery cell is changed, and the external short circuit test junction is greatly influenced, mainly reflected in the short circuit temperature Max, the test passing rate and the like;
remarks explanation: 1. all test data were at 100% SOC;
2. in comparison with the examples: a, adjusting the specification of a variable foil material in a comparative example 1;
b, adjusting the specification of the tab on the basis of the variable of the comparative example 2 on the basis of the comparative example 1;
c, adjusting the types of the membranes by using the variable of the comparative example 3 on the basis of the variable of the comparative example 2;
d comparative example 4 variables were adjusted on the basis of comparative example 3 with increasing N/P;
the foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A development design method capable of preventing failure of external short circuit of soft package lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the method comprises the following main steps:
s1, firstly, starting a short circuit test of the battery;
s2, next by control single factor experiment.
2. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the S1 requires instantaneous large-power discharge, and the magnitude of the generated current detected in the S1 can be calculated by equation (2).
3. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the S2, the OCV open-circuit voltage, the C capacity, the R0 external line resistance value, the R1 and R2 tab resistance values, and the R3 cell dc internal resistance are respectively used as single factors for verification.
4. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the soft package lithium battery comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a diaphragm, electrolyte, a foil material, a tab and the like, wherein the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are made of a material.
5. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the anode and cathode materials and the electrolyte are main factors influencing the electrical performance, and according to the experimental result of the external short circuit single factor, the foil material, the tab, the C capacity, the OCV open-circuit voltage and the like are found to be important factors influencing the safety test.
6. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: by fine-tuning NP ratio, tab material length, foil specification and the like, key parameters such as capacity, voltage state, internal resistance and the like of the battery cell are changed.
7. The development and design method capable of preventing the failure of the external short circuit of the soft package lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and a ceramic gluing membrane with smaller thermal shrinkage is adopted to prevent the occurrence of external short circuit failure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115360481A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-11-18 | 辽宁通用航空研究院 | Aviation lithium battery tab, design method and aviation lithium battery |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115360481A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-11-18 | 辽宁通用航空研究院 | Aviation lithium battery tab, design method and aviation lithium battery |
| CN115360481B (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-13 | 辽宁通用航空研究院 | Aviation lithium battery tab, design method and aviation lithium battery |
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