CN114659872A - Method for evaluating core deformability of single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade - Google Patents
Method for evaluating core deformability of single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating core deformability of a single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade, and belongs to the technical field of preparation processes of single crystal high-temperature alloy blades. The invention carries out comparative evaluation on the deformability of the single crystal superalloy blade core prepared by adopting different material formulas or different processes. The deformation tendency of the core was evaluated while comparing the core deformability. Carrying out high-temperature solution treatment on the single crystal hollow test bar, and comparing the deformability of the blade core by utilizing the area size of recrystallized grains; the comparison of the deformation tendency is realized by detecting the wall thickness of the local position of the hollow sample. In the preparation of the single crystal hollow blade, the method can realize the evaluation of the core deformability and simultaneously compare the deformation tendency of the core, and provides a method for optimizing the available core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the deformability of a core of a single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade, belongs to the technical field of preparation processes of single crystal high-temperature alloy blades, and is used for comparing casting manufacturability such as deformability of cores prepared by adopting different core materials or core preparation processes.
Background
Turbine blades are one of the most critical parts in aircraft engines. The single crystal superalloy eliminates substantially all grain boundaries, has excellent high temperature properties, and is widely used as an aircraft engine turbine blade material. The preparation of the single crystal high temperature alloy hollow turbine blade becomes one of the great key technologies of the aeroengine.
Since the hollow blade has an air cooling passage inside, the turbine blade is generally formed by casting. During cooling after solidification, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the metal and ceramic cores and the complexity of the internal structure of the blade, the cooling shrinkage of the alloy is hindered by the cores, and large casting residual stress inevitably exists in the alloy.
In order to achieve optimum overall mechanical properties, single crystal superalloys typically require a full heat treatment, i.e., the as-cast coarse γ' phase and eutectic are completely dissolved during solution heat treatment to form a single phase γ phase. Therefore, the single crystal superalloy has a large tendency to recrystallize during heat treatment. Because the mechanical property of the single crystal superalloy is seriously weakened by recrystallization, the recrystallization is a defect to be avoided as much as possible in the preparation process of the single crystal superalloy blade. Casting residual stress exceeding a certain critical range is one of the main causes of driving force for recrystallization. The greater the residual stress, the greater the probability of recrystallization occurring. One of the main reasons for the development of casting residual stress in single crystal superalloy hollow blades is that shrinkage of the alloy during solidification and cooling is impeded by the core, which is sufficiently ductile to determine whether the residual stress developed in the casting is less than the critical range for intra-cavity recrystallization.
Due to the presence of the core, a certain casting residual stress inevitably occurs in the alloy. However, the core has enough deformability, so that the residual stress in the alloy of the single crystal blade is small enough, and the inner cavity recrystallization is not generated in the heat treatment process of the blade, and the practical engineering significance is remarkable. The evaluation of the core deformability is very important. However, no process for characterizing the deformability of single crystal superalloy hollow blade cores is currently available. However, in general, an increase in the core deformability leads to a decrease in the core strength, and the tendency for core deformation increases. In the patent, the deformation tendency of the core is evaluated while the deformability of the core is compared, and a suitable core material formula and a core making process are guaranteed to be optimized, so that the core has relatively comprehensive manufacturability meeting the preparation of the single crystal hollow blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the method for evaluating the deformability of the core of the single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade is provided, and the deformability of the core is compared while the deformability is compared for the core of the single crystal high-temperature alloy hollow blade. The method is simple, convenient and direct to operate and strong in operability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for evaluating the deformability of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade core adopts a single crystal superalloy hollow thin-wall sample, and evaluates and compares the deformability of cores prepared by different core material formulas or different processes in the directional solidification process. The inner cavity of the blade is complex in structure, and large casting residual stress is generated at the transition of different cavities. The presence of this residual stress tends to cause the blade to recrystallize within the blade during subsequent heat treatments. The occurrence of internal recrystallization is related to a number of factors, not only to the deformability of the core itself, but also to the size of the blade, the wall thickness, the size of the transition fillets, and the like. The method provided by the invention is used for extracting representative characteristic values of typical blades of single crystal blades of aeroengines, and comparing the dimensional stability of the core while comparing and evaluating the deformability.
The peak value of the internal casting residual stress is closely related to the structure of the inner cavity of the blade. The sample designed by the invention can fully reflect the structural characteristics of casting residual stress caused in the blade, and the shape of the sample is simple and convenient to realize.
The internal channels of some of the blades have the shape characteristic of a long hole, and in the invention, the deformability of the core is characterized and evaluated by using a hollow sample with a triangular section with a sharp corner radius, the length-diameter ratio of which is not less than 10.
The internal cavity of part of the blade has a flat characteristic with narrow width, and in the invention, the deformability of the core is characterized and evaluated by using a rectangular section hollow sample with a rounded sharp corner, wherein the ratio of the length of the sample to the width of the rectangular section is not less than 6.
And respectively processing and manufacturing a mold of the single crystal hollow sample core and a wax mold, and ensuring the consistency of the sizes of the samples by using the molds. And respectively preparing target cores, then adopting the cores to press wax molds, and combining the hollow sample modules. When the die sets are combined, all cores to be evaluated are combined in the same die set, so that the directional solidification is completed in the same heat. The positions of different samples in the die set are the same, so that the casting conditions of different cores in the directional solidification process are the same. And preparing a shell after the module combination is finished, and directionally solidifying and pouring the single crystal hollow sample by adopting the target single crystal high-temperature alloy.
And after the pouring is finished, performing die set cutting to obtain single samples. The heat treatment is carried out by adopting the solid solution heat treatment system of the poured single crystal high-temperature alloy.
There is no support and restriction of the core print in the middle of the length of the sample, and the wall thickness deviation of the sample is generally greatest at the location of greatest accumulation of distortion. The wall thickness of some positions on the same section is thicker, and the wall thickness of some positions is thinner. The smaller the tendency of the core to deform, the smaller the difference between the thicker wall thickness and the thinner wall thickness.
In the cooling process after the single crystal high temperature alloy hollow sample is solidified, casting residual stress is generated at the sharp corner of the sample by the obstruction of the core, the material formula or the process for preparing the core is different, the deformability of the core is different, when the deformability of the core is poor, the sample generates larger casting residual stress, recrystallization is easy to generate in the subsequent solution treatment process, and the deformability of the core can be evaluated by comparing the areas of recrystallized grains. The deformability of the cores was evaluated and compared with each other according to the presence or absence of recrystallization and the size of the recrystallized grain area, and the smaller the recrystallized grain area, the better the deformability of the cores.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for evaluating the deformability of a core of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade, and provides a method for evaluating the deformation tendency of the core while comparing the deformability of the core aiming at the core for preparing the single crystal superalloy hollow blade. And a proper core material formula and a core making process are ensured to be optimized, so that the core has relatively comprehensive manufacturability meeting the requirement of preparing the single crystal hollow blade. The method is simple, convenient and direct to operate and strong in operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a test piece for testing and evaluating a long bar-shaped hollow sample of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade
FIG. 2 is a graph for inspecting and evaluating a flat plate-like hollow specimen of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade
Detailed Description
A method for evaluating the deformability of a core of a single-crystal superalloy hollow blade simultaneously performs comparative evaluation on the deformability and deformation tendency of cores prepared by adopting different core materials or core making processes. The optional core material and process are preferred and contrasted for a particular single crystal blade.
For the single crystal blade of the aircraft engine, the internal cavity channels of part of the blade have the shape characteristic of a long strip, and correspondingly, the mold core forming the cavity is a long strip with a obviously larger length when viewed integrally. In the invention, the cross section of the cavity of the elongated single crystal hollow sample is in the shape of an equilateral triangle with rounded sharp corners. The side length of the triangle is 6-8 mm. The radius of the sharp corner is 0.5-1 mm, and the length of the hollow sample cavity is 60-80 mm. The wall thickness of the sample is 0.8-1 mm
The internal channels of some of the blades have a flat characteristic of narrow width, and in the present invention, the deformability of the core was evaluated by using a hollow specimen of rectangular cross section with a sharp-angled rounded specimen having an aspect ratio of not less than 6. Accordingly, the cross-sectional shape of the sample cavity is a sharp-angled rounded rectangle. The narrow side of the rectangle is 2-3 mm, the wide side of the rectangle is 10-12 mm, and the radius of the sharp corner is 0.5-1 mm. The length of the sample cavity is 60-80 mm. The wall thickness of the sample is 0.8-1 mm
And pressing the wax mould of the hollow sample by adopting different cores to be evaluated, and then combining the sample wax mould module, wherein the position of each sample in the module relative to the appearance of the module is the same when the module is combined. Preparing a shell for the wax mould module, and then adopting the appointed monocrystal high-temperature alloy to directionally solidify and cast the monocrystal hollow test bar.
When the deformability of different cores is evaluated and checked, the directionally solidified single crystal hollow sample casting is finished in the same heat, so that the test result dispersibility caused by different cooling processes due to directional solidification in different heats is avoided.
And detecting the wall thickness of the hollow sample at the middle position of the length, and comparing the deformation tendency of the core according to the difference between the minimum wall thickness and the maximum wall thickness on the same section. The smaller the wall thickness difference, the better the dimensional stability of the core.
And (3) carrying out high-temperature solution treatment on the hollow single crystal sample casting. The hollow single crystal sample casting is prone to recrystallization during high temperature solution treatment. According to the area size of recrystallized grains on the hollow single crystal sample, comparing and evaluating the deformability of different core materials and/or core preparation process methods; the larger the area of recrystallized grains present in the hollow single crystal sample, the worse the deformability of the core material or the process to be evaluated.
Example 1
A method for evaluating core deformability of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade simultaneously evaluates the core deformability and deformation tendency of cores prepared by different core materials or processes for preparing the single crystal superalloy hollow blade. The optional core material and process are screened and evaluated for a particular single crystal blade.
According to the shape characteristics of the inner cavity commonly possessed by a single crystal blade of an aircraft engine, the inner cavity channels of part of the blades have the shape characteristics of a long strip, and correspondingly, the core forming the cavity is a long strip with a significantly large length when viewed as a whole. The cross section of the cavity of the hollow sample of the single crystal is in the shape of an equilateral triangle with rounded sharp corners, and the side length of the triangle is 8 millimeters. The radius of the sharp corner is 0.5 mm and the length of the hollow specimen cavity is 80 mm. The wall thickness of the test specimen is 0.8 mm
The method comprises the steps of preparing cores by adopting powder with different grain size grades and preparing the cores by adopting different sintering processes, pressing wax molds of hollow samples for different cores, then combining sample wax mold modules, preparing shells relative to the position of each sample in the module in the shape of the module during combination of the sample wax mold modules, and then adopting appointed single crystal high-temperature alloy to directionally solidify and cast a single crystal hollow test rod.
When the deformability of different cores is evaluated and checked, the directionally solidified single crystal hollow sample casting is finished in the same furnace, and the test result dispersity brought by different cooling processes due to directional solidification of different furnaces is avoided.
And detecting the wall thickness of the hollow sample at the middle position of the length, judging the deformation tendency of the core according to the minimum wall thickness and the maximum wall thickness on the same section, wherein the smaller the wall thickness difference, the better the dimensional stability of the core.
The mold core with the same shape is prepared by adopting the mold, the mold core to be evaluated is utilized to respectively prepare the hollow single crystal sample directional solidification casting, and the high-temperature solution treatment is carried out on the hollow single crystal sample casting. Recrystallization can occur in the process of high-temperature solution treatment of the hollow single crystal sample casting, and different core materials to be evaluated and the deformability of the process method to be evaluated are compared and checked according to the sample position where the recrystallized grains appear on the hollow single crystal sample casting and the area size of the recrystallized grains; if recrystallized grains appear at thicker positions of the hollow single crystal sample, the more poor the deformability of the core material or the process method to be evaluated is; the larger the area of recrystallized grains present in the hollow single crystal sample, the worse the deformability of the core material or the process to be evaluated.
Example 2
A method for evaluating the core deformability of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade simultaneously evaluates the core deformability and the deformation tendency of cores prepared by different core materials or processes for preparing single crystal superalloy hollow blades. The optional core material and process are screened and evaluated for a particular single crystal blade.
According to the shape characteristics of an inner cavity of a single crystal blade of an aeroengine, which is generally provided by the single crystal blade, the inner cavity channel of a part of the blade has a flat plate-shaped characteristic with a narrow width, and in the invention, the deformability of the core is verified by using a hollow sample with a rectangular cross section and a sharp-angled round sample, wherein the length-width ratio of the hollow sample is 6. Accordingly, the cross-sectional shape of the sample cavity is a sharp-angled rounded rectangle. The width of the rectangle is 3 mm, the length of the rectangle is 12 mm, and the radius of the sharp corner is 1 mm. The sample cavity length is 60 mm. The wall thickness of the test specimen is 1 mm.
And preparing cores by adopting powder with different grain size grades and preparing cores by adopting different sintering processes, and pressing wax molds of hollow samples for different cores. And then combining the sample wax mould modules, wherein the position of each sample in the modules relative to the appearance of the modules is the same during the combination of the modules, preparing a shell, and then adopting the appointed monocrystal high-temperature alloy to directionally solidify and pour the monocrystal hollow test bar.
When the deformability of different cores is evaluated and checked, the directionally solidified single crystal hollow sample casting is finished in the same furnace, and the test result dispersity brought by different cooling processes due to directional solidification of different furnaces is avoided.
Detecting the wall thickness of the hollow sample at the middle position of the length, judging the deformation tendency of the core according to the minimum wall thickness and the maximum wall thickness on the same section, wherein the smaller the wall thickness difference, the better the dimensional stability of the core.
The mold core with the same shape is prepared by adopting the mold, the mold core to be evaluated is utilized to respectively prepare the hollow single crystal sample directional solidification casting, and the high-temperature solution treatment is carried out on the hollow single crystal sample casting. Recrystallization can occur in the process of high-temperature solution treatment of the hollow single crystal sample casting, and different core materials to be evaluated and the deformability of the process method to be evaluated are compared and checked according to the sample position where the recrystallized grains appear on the hollow single crystal sample casting and the area size of the recrystallized grains; if recrystallized grains appear at thicker positions of the hollow single crystal sample, the more poor the deformability of the core material or the process method to be evaluated is; the larger the area of recrystallized grains present in the hollow single crystal sample, the worse the deformability of the core material or the process to be evaluated.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the core deformability of a single crystal superalloy hollow blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) designing a mold for processing a single crystal hollow sample aiming at a single crystal blade to be prepared;
2) preparing cores with the same shape from different core materials to be evaluated by adopting the mold prepared in the step 1);
3) respectively preparing hollow single crystal samples by using the cores prepared in the step 2), and carrying out high-temperature solution treatment on the hollow single crystal test rods;
4) detecting the wall thickness of the hollow sample at the middle position of the length, comparing the deformation tendency of the mold core according to the minimum wall thickness and the maximum wall thickness difference on the same section, wherein the smaller the wall thickness difference is, the better the dimensional stability of the mold core material to be evaluated or the mold core prepared by the process method is;
5) and (3) carrying out high-temperature solution treatment on the hollow single crystal sample, and carrying out comparative evaluation on the deformability of the core prepared by adopting different core materials and core preparation process methods according to the area size of the recrystallized grains on the hollow single crystal test bar, wherein the larger the area of the recrystallized grains is, the worse the deformability of the core materials or the process methods is.
2. A method of evaluating core deformability of single crystal superalloy hollow blades according to claim 1, wherein the single crystal hollow specimen is in the form of an elongated bar, i.e., the cavity-forming core is in the form of an elongated bar having a length substantially greater than a cross-sectional dimension as a whole.
3. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the single crystal hollow sample is an equilateral triangle with a rounded sharp corner, the side length of the triangle is 6-8 mm, and the radius of the rounded sharp corner is 0.5-1 mm.
4. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the single crystal hollow sample is an equilateral triangle with a rounded sharp corner, the side length of the triangle is 6-8 mm, and the length of the cavity of the hollow sample is 60-80 mm.
5. The method for evaluating core deformability of single crystal superalloy hollow blades according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the single crystal hollow sample is a rectangle with a rounded off sharp corner.
6. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the single crystal hollow sample is a rectangle with a rounded sharp corner, a narrow side of the rectangle is 2-3 mm, a wide side of the rectangle is 10-12 mm, and the radius of the rounded sharp corner is 0.5-1 mm.
7. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the single crystal hollow sample cavity is a rectangle with a rounded sharp corner, the narrow side of the rectangle is 2-3 mm, the wide side of the rectangle is 10-12 mm, and the length of the hollow sample cavity is 60-80 mm.
8. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 7, wherein the core is used to prepare a single crystal hollow sample with a wall thickness of 0.8-1 mm.
9. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 1, wherein cores made of different core materials to be evaluated are used for pressing a wax pattern of the hollow sample, then a sample wax pattern module is combined, the position of each sample in the module relative to the shape of the module is the same when the module is combined, a shell is made by using the prepared wax pattern module coating, and then the single crystal hollow sample is directionally solidified and cast by using the specified single crystal superalloy.
10. The method for evaluating the core deformability of the single crystal superalloy hollow blade according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the evaluation and checking of the deformability of the different cores is performed in the same heat for the casting of the directionally solidified single crystal hollow sample.
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