CN115446291A - Method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy - Google Patents

Method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy Download PDF

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CN115446291A
CN115446291A CN202211245580.1A CN202211245580A CN115446291A CN 115446291 A CN115446291 A CN 115446291A CN 202211245580 A CN202211245580 A CN 202211245580A CN 115446291 A CN115446291 A CN 115446291A
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single crystal
mixed
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temperature alloy
directional solidification
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李嘉荣
王志成
杨万鹏
刘世忠
王效光
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of a single crystal high-temperature alloy, which designs an initial sample with a plurality of flange plate platforms, prepares a single crystal high-temperature alloy sample according to a precision investment casting method, and evaluates the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high-temperature alloy or the influence of directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high-temperature alloy according to the quantity of the flange plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the sample. The evaluation method provided by the application can be used for evaluating the mixed crystal formation tendency after the casting to obtain the cast-state sample is finished, does not need heat treatment and other detection means, is simple to operate, is fast and efficient, and saves time and cost.

Description

Method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single crystal high temperature alloys, in particular to a method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of a single crystal high temperature alloy.
Background
The working environment of the aircraft engine is very harsh, and the turbine working blade is used as one of core hot end parts of the aircraft engine and works under extremely severe conditions of high temperature, high stress, gas corrosion and the like. The single crystal high temperature alloy obviously improves the temperature bearing capacity at high temperature due to the elimination of the crystal boundary vertical to the main stress axis, so the single crystal high temperature alloy becomes the first choice material of the turbine blade of the high-performance aeroengine at present.
With the continuous improvement of the thrust-weight ratio of the advanced aeroengine, the temperature in front of the turbine is continuously improved, the requirement on the temperature bearing capacity of the single crystal high-temperature alloy is continuously improved, so that the content of high-melting-point alloy elements in the single crystal high-temperature alloy is continuously improved, the structure of the single crystal turbine blade is gradually complicated, the factors aggravate the instability of a temperature field, a solute field and a temperature gradient field in the directional solidification process of the single crystal turbine blade, and the change causes the formation tendency of crystal defects such as mixed crystals of the single crystal turbine blade to be continuously increased.
The mixed crystal is used as one of the crystallization defects, which destroys the single crystal integrity of the single crystal turbine blade, obviously reduces the service performance of the single crystal turbine blade, reduces the qualification rate of the single crystal turbine blade and improves the preparation cost of the single crystal turbine blade, so that the development of the research on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high-temperature alloy and the establishment of the directional solidification process with smaller mixed crystal generating tendency have important significance.
At present, the research on the mixed crystal of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy mainly focuses on the research on the mixed crystal forming mechanism and the method for eliminating the mixed crystal, the research on the aspects of evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency and the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming is less, and the scientific and effective evaluation on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy is necessary. Ma Dexin et al examined the solidification behavior of several single crystal superalloys in ceramic shells to obtain the liquidus temperatures T of various alloys L Critical nucleation temperature T N And critical nucleation supercooling degree delta T N ＝T L -T N Judging the ability of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy to resist the formation of mixed crystals by the supercooling ability of the alloy, and considering that the lower the supercooling ability of the alloy is, the higher the ability of the alloy to resist the formation of the mixed crystals isWeak. The method needs to accurately measure the liquidus temperature and the critical nucleation temperature of the alloy, the liquidus temperature and the critical nucleation temperature of the alloy are related to the cooling rate in the test process, the method is complex in operation, low in efficiency and high in cost, and meanwhile, the influence of directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal formation of the single crystal high-temperature alloy is difficult to evaluate.
Zhang Xiaoli et al in patent CN102706920a, designs molds a with different platform lengths and molds B with different platform heights, and casts single crystal castings a and B of various alloys according to the two molds; quantitatively evaluating the mixed crystal forming capability of the alloy by analyzing the length and the height of a flange platform formed by mixed crystals in the castings A and B; the smaller the minimum edge plate platform length formed by mixed crystals is or the higher the maximum edge plate platform height formed by mixed crystals is, the stronger the mixed crystal forming tendency of the alloy is. Although the patent evaluates the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy, the patent only can evaluate the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy by utilizing the minimum edge plate platform length and the maximum edge plate platform height for forming the mixed crystal, and cannot be used for researching the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of a single crystal superalloy, comprising the following steps:
a) Designing an initial sample with a plurality of flange platforms, wherein the flange platforms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the initial sample along a directional solidification direction;
b) Preparing single crystal high temperature alloy samples with different components according to the initial sample by adopting a precision investment casting method under the directional solidification process parameters;
c) Counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single crystal superalloy sample, and evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals;
or B') preparing a single crystal high temperature alloy sample according to the initial sample under different directional solidification process parameters by adopting a precision investment casting method;
c') counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single-crystal high-temperature alloy sample, and evaluating the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals.
Preferably, the number of the platform of the edge plate is 3-5 pairs.
Preferably, the platform of the platform has a length L 1 10-20 mm, 6-15 mm width W and H thickness 1 2-5 mm; distance H between adjacent platform plates 2 Is 30-60 mm.
Preferably, the body portion width L of the initial sample is set to be larger than the body portion width L of the initial sample 2 15-35 mm.
Preferably, in the step B), the directional solidification process parameters in the precision investment casting method are as follows: the temperature of the upper heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature of the lower heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the casting temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 1.0-7.0 mm/min.
Preferably, in step B'), the directional solidification process parameters in the precision investment casting method are as follows: the temperature of the upper heater is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature of the lower heater is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, the pouring temperature is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 1.0-7.0 mm/min.
The application provides a method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy, which designs an initial sample with a plurality of flange plate platforms, prepares a single crystal high temperature alloy sample according to a precise investment casting method, and evaluates the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high temperature alloy according to the quantity of the flange plate platforms generating the mixed crystal on the sample or evaluates the influence of directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high temperature alloy; the method can evaluate the mixed crystal forming tendency after casting to obtain the cast sample, does not need heat treatment and other detection means, and has the advantages of simple operation, rapidness, high efficiency, time saving and cost saving.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an orthographic three-axis view of a symmetrical specimen of a multi-flange plate platform configuration contemplated by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a symmetrical sample of a platform structure of a multi-lip plate designed in accordance with the present invention and its associated dimensions;
fig. 3 is a front view and associated dimensions of a symmetrical sample of a multi-platform configuration designed in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the mechanism that mixed crystals are formed due to supercooling nucleation of the edge positions of the edge plates in the directional solidification process of the single crystal high temperature alloy, the method designs an initial sample with a plurality of edge plates, prepares the single crystal high temperature alloy through directional solidification casting, and counts the number of the edge plates with the mixed crystals generated by the prepared single crystal high temperature alloy sample, thereby evaluating the influence of mixed crystal forming tendencies of different single crystal high temperature alloys or directional solidification parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendencies. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for evaluating the mixed crystal formation tendency, which comprises the following steps:
a) Designing an initial sample with a plurality of flange platforms, wherein the flange platforms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the initial sample along a directional solidification direction;
b) Preparing single crystal high temperature alloy samples with different components according to the initial sample by adopting a precision investment casting method under the directional solidification process parameters;
c) Counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single crystal superalloy sample, and evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals;
or B') preparing a single crystal superalloy sample according to the initial sample under different directional solidification process parameters by adopting a precision investment casting method;
c') counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single-crystal high-temperature alloy sample, and evaluating the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals.
In the method for evaluating the mixed crystal formation tendency provided by the application, an initial sample with a plurality of flange platforms is firstly designed, and specifically as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, wherein 1 is a seed crystal, 2 is a seeding end, 3 is a flange platform, and 4 is a blade body. In the application, the number of the flange platforms is 3-5 pairs, namely, 3-5 flange platforms which are uniformly distributed along the directional solidification direction are respectively arranged on two sides of the initial sample. In the present application, the length L of the platform 1 10-20 mm, 6-15 mm in width W and H in thickness 1 2-5 mm; distance H between adjacent platform plates 2 30-60 mm, and the width L of the main body part of the die 2 15-35 mm; more specifically, the length L of the platform 1 12-18 mm, 8-12 mm width W and H thickness 1 3-4 mm; distance H between adjacent platform plates 2 40 to 50mm, and a main body part width L of the initial sample 2 Is 20-30 mm. The analysis of the mixed crystal forming condition in the actual turbine blade preparation process and the analysis of the research result of the single crystal high-temperature alloy mixed crystal forming mechanism show that the sizes of the platform length, the thickness and the like of the edge plate of the sample have important influence on the mixed crystal forming, and the longer the length of the edge plate is, the smaller the thickness is, the more easily the mixed crystal is formed. The initial sample size (platform length, thickness and distance between platforms) designed by the invention is designed according to the actual blade size, and meanwhile, the influence of actual process conditions is considered. If the size of the edge plate is not within the range of the application, all mixed crystals (too long and too thin) or no mixed crystals (too short and too thick) can be formed on the edge plate under the given process parameter conditions, and then the tendency of the single crystal superalloy to be formed by mixed crystals cannot be evaluated.
In the actual operation process, the die is designed and processed according to the size of the initial sample, the wax film is pressed by the die, the shell is prepared by adopting a precision investment casting method, and then the directional solidification furnace is adopted for pouring, so that the single crystal high-temperature alloy sample with the size consistent with the size of the initial sample is obtained.
When the mixed crystal forming tendencies of different single crystal high temperature alloys are inspected, the single crystal high temperature alloys with different components can be prepared, the single crystal high temperature alloy samples with different components are prepared according to the method, the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the different single crystal high temperature alloy samples is counted, the mixed crystal forming tendencies of the single crystal high temperature alloys can be evaluated according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals, and therefore the single crystal high temperature alloys with different components can form the mixed crystals more easily.
When the influence of the directional solidification parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency is inspected, the components of the single crystal high-temperature alloy are fixed, the directional solidification parameters are changed, the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the prepared single crystal high-temperature alloy sample is counted, the mixed crystal forming tendency under different directional solidification parameters can be evaluated according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals, and therefore the influence of the directional solidification parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency is obtained.
In the application, in the process of directional solidification, the temperature of an upper heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature of a lower heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the pouring temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, and the drawing speed is controlled to be 1-7.0 mm/min.
After obtaining the single crystal high temperature alloy sample, firstly, chemical corrosion is carried out to clearly show mixed crystals on the sample, so that the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the sample can be counted conveniently. The larger the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the sample is, the larger the tendency of the single crystal superalloy to generate the mixed crystals is, or the larger the tendency of the single crystal superalloy to generate the mixed crystals under the directional solidification process parameters is, and vice versa.
According to the mechanism of mixed crystal formation caused by supercooling nucleation of the edge plate platform, the invention designs the symmetrical sample with a plurality of edge plate platforms, and evaluates the influence of the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high temperature alloy or the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal high temperature alloy by using the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystal. The die designed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low preparation cost, convenient implementation method and easy operation, and can be evaluated after chemical corrosion after a single crystal high-temperature alloy casting is prepared by using a investment casting method.
For further understanding of the present invention, the method for evaluating the tendency of mixed crystal formation provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
The method for evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy is adopted to evaluate the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy DD6 and the single crystal superalloy DD 9:
firstly, designing a sample die, wherein the size of the designed sample is as follows: platform length L of edge plate 1 Is 15mm, has a width W of 10mm and a thickness H 1 Is 3mm, the distance H between the platform of the edge plate 2 40mm, sample main body portion width L 2 25mm, 4 edge plate platforms are respectively arranged on two sides;
pressing 12 wax patterns by using a designed mould, carving numbers 01-12 on the wax patterns, connecting 6 wax patterns with a pouring system to form a module with a chassis of 200mm, and preparing a shell after coating, strengthening, dewaxing and roasting; casting by using a vacuum induction directional solidification furnace to obtain a single crystal high-temperature alloy sample, wherein the temperature of an upper heater is 1510 ℃, the temperature of a lower heater is 1520 ℃, the casting temperature is 1520 ℃, and the drawing speed is 3mm/min;
after the obtained sample surface shell is cleaned, the mixed crystal defects on the sample are clearly shown after chemical corrosion; the total number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on 6 samples of the two alloys is counted, and the result is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 statistical results of the number of edge plate platforms for producing mixed crystals of single crystal superalloy samples prepared by the method of the present invention
Figure BDA0003886430970000071
As can be seen from the table 1, under the given same process condition, 21 edge plate platforms of 48 edge plate platforms in total of 6 DD9 alloy samples generate mixed crystals, 29 edge plate platforms of 48 edge plate platforms in total of 6 DD6 alloy samples generate mixed crystals, and the mixed crystals forming tendency of the DD6 alloy is larger than that of the DD9 alloy, so that the method can effectively evaluate the mixed crystal forming tendency of different single-crystal high-temperature alloys.
Example 2
The method for evaluating the mixed crystal formation tendency of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy is adopted to research the influence of the drawing speed in the directional solidification process on the mixed crystal formation tendency of the DD9 alloy:
firstly, designing a sample die, wherein the size of the designed sample is as follows: platform length L of edge plate 1 Is 15mm, has a width W of 10mm and a thickness H 1 Is 3mm, the distance H between the platform of the edge plate 2 40mm, width L of the main portion of the specimen 2 25mm, 4 edge plate platforms are respectively arranged on two sides;
the designed mould is utilized to press 18 wax moulds, numbers of 01-18 are engraved on the wax moulds, 6 wax moulds are connected with a pouring system to form a module with a chassis of 200mm, and the module is coated, strengthened, dewaxed and roasted to obtain the shell. Pouring samples by using a vacuum induction directional solidification furnace, wherein the temperature of an upper heater is controlled to 1510 ℃, the temperature of a lower heater is controlled to 1530 ℃, the pouring temperature is controlled to 1530 ℃, and the drawing rates of 3 groups of samples are respectively 2.0mm/min, 4.0mm/min and 6.0mm/min;
after the obtained sample surface shell is cleaned, the mixed crystal defects on the sample are clearly shown after chemical corrosion; counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the 3 groups of samples, wherein the result is shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 statistical results of the number of edge plate platforms for generating mixed crystals of single crystal superalloy samples at different pulling rates
Figure BDA0003886430970000081
As can be seen from the table, as the pulling rate was increased from 2mm/min to 4mm/min and 6mm/min, the number of the edge plate platforms producing the mixed crystals on the sample was increased from 11 to 29 and 37, indicating that increasing the pulling rate promotes the formation of the mixed crystals of the third generation single crystal superalloy.
The results of the above 2 examples show that: the method for evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency can effectively evaluate the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy, and can be applied to research on the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single-crystal high-temperature alloy casting. The designed die is simple in structure, convenient and fast in implementation process, improves evaluation efficiency, saves resources, reduces cost, and can meet the requirements of turbine blade material selection on evaluation of mixed crystal formation tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy and the mixed crystal formation control research of single crystal high temperature alloy castings.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (6)

1. A method for evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of a single crystal superalloy comprises the following steps:
a) Designing an initial sample with a plurality of flange platforms, wherein the flange platforms are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the initial sample along a directional solidification direction;
b) Preparing single crystal high temperature alloy samples with different components according to the initial sample by adopting a precision investment casting method under the directional solidification process parameters;
c) Counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single crystal superalloy sample, and evaluating the mixed crystal forming tendency of the single crystal superalloy according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals;
or B') preparing a single crystal high temperature alloy sample according to the initial sample under different directional solidification process parameters by adopting a precision investment casting method;
c') counting the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals on the single-crystal high-temperature alloy sample, and evaluating the influence of the directional solidification process parameters on the mixed crystal forming tendency according to the number of the edge plate platforms generating the mixed crystals.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of platform pairs is between 3 and 5.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the platform has a length L 1 10-20 mm, 6-15 mm width W and H thickness 1 2-5 mm; distance H between adjacent platform plates 2 Is 30-60 mm.
4. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the initial sample has a body portion width L 2 15-35 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step B), the directional solidification process parameters in the precision investment casting method are: the temperature of the upper heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature of the lower heater is 1500-1600 ℃, the casting temperature is 1500-1600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 1.0-7.0 mm/min.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step B'), the directional solidification process parameters of the precision investment casting method are: the temperature of the upper heater is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, the temperature of the lower heater is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, the pouring temperature is controlled to be 1500-1600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 1.0-7.0 mm/min.
CN202211245580.1A 2022-10-12 2022-10-12 Method for evaluating mixed crystal forming tendency of single crystal high temperature alloy Pending CN115446291A (en)

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