CN114653926A - Device and method for preparing composite roller by electroslag remelting method with crystallizer added with magnetic field - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing composite roller by electroslag remelting method with crystallizer added with magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN114653926A CN114653926A CN202210242412.0A CN202210242412A CN114653926A CN 114653926 A CN114653926 A CN 114653926A CN 202210242412 A CN202210242412 A CN 202210242412A CN 114653926 A CN114653926 A CN 114653926A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
- B22D23/10—Electroslag casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
Abstract
A device and method for preparing a composite roller by an electroslag remelting method with a crystallizer attached with a magnetic field, wherein the device comprises a remelting power supply, a crystallizer power supply, a dummy plate, an upper crystallizer and a lower crystallizer; a gap is arranged on the upper crystallizer and is filled with an insulating block; the upper part of the outer wall of the upper crystallizer is provided with two conductive interfaces which are positioned at two sides of the insulating block and are respectively connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply. The method comprises the following steps: (1) placing a mandrel in an electroslag furnace crystallizer; (2) arranging a coating layer; (3) putting the ladle molten pool into an electroslag furnace crystallizer to form a liquid slag pool; (4) the consumable electrode is lowered to the liquid slag pool; switching on a remelting switch; (5) the two conductive interfaces are connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply; (6) and starting the ingot pulling system. The invention adds a conductive loop in the crystallizer in the composite system, and reasonably optimizes the temperature field of a slag pool, particularly the temperature field near a slag-metal interface by adding an axial extra magnetic field in a remelting composite region.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical equipment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a composite roller by an electroslag remelting method with a crystallizer attached with a magnetic field.
Background
The most commonly used composite casting roller mainly has the following methods: centrifugal casting, continuous casting composite casting (CPC), electroslag remelting. Firstly, pouring a high-alloy working layer by a horizontal centrifugal casting method, vertically placing a casting mold after the working layer is poured on a centrifugal machine, and pouring core nodular cast iron; the working layer of the composite roll is usually high-chromium steel or high-speed steel with high alloy content, and the core part is ductile cast iron with good toughness; the Japan Xinri iron company develops a continuous casting outer layer forming method to prepare the high-speed steel composite roller, a forged steel core shaft is coaxially arranged in a water-cooled crystallizer, and high-speed steel liquid steel is cast into a gap between the crystallizer and the core shaft; the molten steel is gradually solidified under the strong cooling action of the crystallizer to form a working layer, the molten steel is poured, and simultaneously, a composite roller formed by the mandrel and the working layer is drawn downwards, and the height of the roller is continuously increased. The technical key of the method is that double induction heating coils are adopted, an upper induction coil preheats a mandrel, a lower induction coil outside a crystallizer supplements heat to molten steel, and the formation of metallurgical bonding between the mandrel and a high-speed steel working layer is promoted; the electroslag remelting method is widely applied to preparation of bimetallic composite materials, the resistance of a slag pool of the electroslag remelting method is large, huge heat can be generated when current passes through the slag pool, slag heat resistance can melt not only a consumable electrode but also a base material, and good metallurgical bonding between a working layer and a base is realized.
In the manufacturing process of the centrifugal casting method, nodular cast iron is poured into the core part, and a large amount of carbide is formed at a bonding interface after a part of re-melted working layer is mixed with the nodular cast iron; the interface bonding strength is low, and the carbide of the interface is easy to become a peeling source when the roller is used; in addition, the mixed melting part serving as a roll body can also reduce the toughness and strength of the roll and increase roll breakage accidents. In order to prevent the alloy elements of the working layer from diffusing to the core nodular cast iron, an intermediate layer is added between the working layer and the core to realize good transition between the working layer and the core; the hardness and the wear resistance of the material can be improved by increasing the quenching temperature, but the interface has the problem of burning loss; the strength of the casting material used for the core material is not suitable for the requirements of a novel rolling mill (such as an ME rolling mill). The CPC method has the advantages that the crystallizer has strong cooling effect, the segregation of the high-speed steel working layer is weakened, and the structure of the roll body is fine; molten steel is continuously poured and heat is supplemented by the induction coil, so that the defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness and the like are eliminated. The high-strength forged steel adopted by the mandrel can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the roller mandrel and the roller neck; however, the method has the disadvantages of complicated equipment, high operation difficulty and high production cost. The composite roller prepared by the electroslag remelting method also has obvious defects; the current loop of the traditional electroslag remelting method is a loop of a power supply, a consumable electrode, a slag bath and a mandrel, and the mandrel is used as one electrode, so that the surface of the mandrel is excessively melted, the components of a cladding layer are diluted, and the mechanical property of the cladding layer is reduced; at the beginning of the process, the core rod cannot be melted, the metallurgical bonding is poor, the axial uniformity of the roller in the whole process period is poor, and the problem of poor axial uniformity of the roller exists, so that the quality and the service life of the roller are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the quality of the composite roller prepared by the traditional electroslag remelting method, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing the composite roller by the electroslag remelting method with a crystallizer added with a magnetic field, wherein annular current is introduced into the crystallizer, an extra axial magnetic field is formed in an electroslag compounding area, the circumferential flow of a slag pool and a metal molten pool is enhanced, the circumferential solidification quality of a core shaft cladding layer is improved, and the quality of the whole composite roller is further improved; the axial compounding uniformity of the roller is improved by adopting a steel ladle to pour molten steel in a single point.
The device for preparing the composite roller by the electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer added with the magnetic field comprises a remelting power supply 1, a crystallizer power supply 21, a dummy plate 11, an upper crystallizer 5 and a lower crystallizer 7, wherein the lower crystallizer 7 is T-shaped, and the upper crystallizer 5 and the lower crystallizer 7 form an electroslag furnace crystallizer; the upper crystallizer 5 and the lower crystallizer 7 are separated by a circular ring-shaped insulating gasket 6; the inner wall of the upper crystallizer 5 is covered with an insulating ring 19; the upper crystallizer 5 is provided with a gap which penetrates through the top surface and the bottom surface of the upper crystallizer 5 and communicates the inside and the outside of the upper crystallizer 5, and the gap is filled with an insulating block 9; one pole of a remelting power supply 1 is connected with a dummy plate 11, and the other pole is connected with a consumable electrode 2; the upper part of the outer wall of the upper crystallizer 5 is provided with two conductive interfaces 14, the two conductive interfaces 14 are positioned at two sides of the insulating block 9, and the two conductive interfaces 14 are respectively connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply 21.
In the device, two liquid level detection probes 8 are arranged on the side wall of a lower crystallizer 7, and the two liquid level detection probes 8 are assembled on the same liquid level detector; the height difference of the two liquid level detection probes 8 is 15-20 mm; the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta or coincidence; the included angle θ is 90 °, 180 °, or 270 °.
The device also comprises a ladle 15, wherein the bottom of the ladle 15 is provided with a chute 16, and the outlet of the chute 16 is opposite to the upper crystallizer 5.
The method for preparing the composite roller by the electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer added with the magnetic field adopts the device and comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a mandrel 3 in an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the bottom surface of the mandrel 3 is connected with a dummy bar plate 11; at the moment, the dummy bar plate 10 is connected with the bottom surface of the lower part 9 of the lower crystallizer;
(2) a coating layer 10 is arranged in the lower crystallizer 7, and the coating layer 10 is filled in the space between the mandrel 3 and the lower crystallizer 7;
(3) placing the slag material into a steel ladle 15 for melting to form a steel ladle melting pool 17; opening a chute 16 at the bottom of a ladle 15, and putting a ladle molten pool 17 into an electroslag furnace crystallizer to form a liquid slag pool 4; one pole of a remelting power supply 1 is connected with a dummy plate 11 through a short net, and the other pole is connected with a consumable electrode 2;
(4) the consumable electrode 2 is lowered into the liquid slag pool 4 through a lifting device; switching on a remelting switch 18 on the short net, and conducting the circuits of the consumable electrode 2, the liquid slag pool 4, the mandrel 3 and the dummy bar plate 11; under the action of current, the temperature of the liquid slag pool 4 is gradually increased, the consumable electrode 2 is heated and melted, and meanwhile, the surface of the mandrel 3 is heated to form a melting layer; the metal liquid drops formed by melting the consumable electrode 2 are deposited at the bottom of the liquid slag pool 4 to form a metal molten pool 12;
(5) switching on a crystallizer switch 20 on a circuit with two conductive interfaces 14 connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply 21 to electrify the upper crystallizer 5 and form annular current on the upper crystallizer 5; under the action of the annular current, a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane is excited in the upper crystallizer 5; in the conducting process, the liquid slag pool 4 and the metal melting pool 12 are subjected to the action of a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane to generate electromagnetic force and rotate along the horizontal plane, so that heat is uniformly conducted, and the temperature distribution is uniform;
(6) under the cooling action of the lower crystallizer 7, the metal molten pool 12 is gradually cooled, and a cladding layer 13 is formed to wrap the outer wall of the mandrel 3; and starting the ingot drawing system, descending the dummy bar plate 11, and drawing out the mandrel 3 wrapped with the cladding layer 13 in the descending process of the dummy bar plate 11 to form the composite steel ingot.
In the step (3), the consumable electrode 2 is cylindrical or cylindrical; when the consumable electrode 2 is cylindrical, the consumable electrode is composed of a plurality of cylindrical consumable electrodes which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mandrel 3, and the distance between each cylindrical consumable electrode and the mandrel 3 is equal.
The principle of the invention is as follows: after the power supply of the crystallizer is switched on, the upper crystallizer generates annular current, the annular current excites a magnetic field which is vertical to the horizontal plane and outwards in the inner area of the crystallizer, and the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool can generate rotary electromagnetic force when passing through the current to generate rotary flow; the current in the slag pool preferentially selects the shortest path to return to the power supply, so that the heating of the slag pool is uneven in the compounding process, the rotation flow of the slag pool can uniformly transfer heat, the distribution of a temperature field is more uniform, excessive heat accumulation in a part of the core shaft area is avoided, the over-melting is caused, the heat generation of a part of the slag pool with small current density is also avoided to be too little, the surface of the core shaft cannot be melted, the metallurgical bonding failure of a compound interface is caused, and the quality of a compound roller is finally obviously reduced; in the traditional electroslag remelting process, under the action of rapid cooling of a crystallizer, the metal melting pool close to the crystallizer becomes poor in fluidity due to temperature reduction, and the metallurgical bonding quality of a composite interface in the composite process is inevitably poor; the rotary flow of the metal melt can be used for uniformly distributing the temperature field of the whole metal molten pool, the fluidity of the metal molten pool is enhanced, the problems of nonuniform circumferential compounding and poor solidification quality of the composite roller are obviously improved, and the product quality of the composite roller is greatly improved.
The invention improves the axial uniformity of the mandrel. A conductive loop in a crystallizer is added in a composite system, an axial additional magnetic field is added in a remelting composite region, a temperature field of a slag pool, particularly the temperature field near a slag-metal interface, is reasonably optimized, and the circumferential uniformity of the temperature at the slag-metal interface is improved, so that a composite roller with good interface combination quality and better surface quality is prepared. The stability of the slag-metal interface in the bimetal smelting composite process is a precondition for ensuring the stable operation of the whole composite roller preparation process, and is a powerful guarantee for preparing the composite roller with uniform bonding interface and good surface quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus for manufacturing a composite roll by an electroslag remelting method with an additional magnetic field of a crystallizer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top sectional view of the upper mold portion of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1, a remelting power supply, 2, a consumable electrode, 3, a mandrel, 4, a liquid slag pool, 5, an upper crystallizer, 6, a circular ring-shaped insulating gasket, 7, a lower crystallizer, 8, a liquid level detection probe, 9, an insulating block, 10, a coating layer, 11, a dummy bar plate, 12, a metal molten pool, 13, a cladding layer, 14, a conductive interface, 15, a steel ladle, 16, a chute, 17, a steel ladle molten pool, 18, a switch, 19, an insulating ring, 20, a crystallizer line switch, 21 and a crystallizer power supply.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid level detector is connected with two liquid level detection probes 8, the two liquid level detection probes 8 penetrate through the inner wall of the lower crystallizer, and the front end surfaces of the two liquid level detection probes are flush with the inner wall of the lower crystallizer; the height difference of the two sensor probes is 15-20 mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the insulating ring 19 is made of high temperature resistant ceramic.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the insulating block 9 is made of high temperature resistant ceramic.
In the embodiment of the invention, the insulating block 9 is embedded on the upper crystallizer and is connected in a sealing way.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the molten steel ladle molten pool is poured into the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace, the liquid level of the liquid slag pool 4 exceeds the upper edge of the lower crystallizer 7 by 20 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, cooling water flows through the cooling water cavity in the lower crystallizer 7 to forcibly cool the cladding layer 13.
In the embodiment of the invention, the descending speed of the dummy bar plate 11 is controlled by the ingot pulling system, so that the pulling speed of the core shaft 3 wrapped with the cladding layer 13 is matched with the melting speed of the consumable electrode 2, and the liquid levels of the liquid slag pool 4 and the metal molten pool 12 are kept stable; the level of the molten metal bath 12 is monitored by a level detection probe 11.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the mandrel 3 wrapped with the cladding layer 13 reaches the required length, the ingot drawing system is closed, the consumable electrode 2 is lifted to be separated from the liquid slag pool 4, and the mandrel 3 wrapped with the cladding layer 13 is cooled and solidified to form the composite steel ingot.
In the embodiment of the invention, an annular liquid sealing plate is welded on the mandrel 3, and the outer diameter of the liquid sealing plate is matched with the inner diameter of the lower part 9 of the lower crystallizer; when the mandrel 3 is connected with the dummy bar plate 11, alumina powder is filled between the liquid sealing plate and the dummy bar plate 11, and the alumina powder is wrapped and fixed by asbestos cloth to form a coating layer 10; when the ingot drawing system is started, alumina powder flows out from the lower part of the asbestos cloth, and the rest part of the alumina powder protects the mandrel 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, the interface between the liquid slag pool 4 and the molten metal pool 12 is controlled to be positioned between two liquid level detector probes; the liquid level detector detects the change of the liquid level position of the metal melting pool 12, and the melting speed and the ingot drawing speed of the consumable electrode are adjusted according to the change.
In the embodiment of the invention, magnesia and asbestos ropes are filled and sealed between the lower part 9 of the lower crystallizer and the dummy bar plate 11.
In the embodiment of the invention, the consumable electrode 2 is made of Cr5 steel and consists of a plurality of cylindrical consumable electrodes which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mandrel 3, and the distances between the cylindrical consumable electrodes and the mandrel 3 are equal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the material of the mandrel 4 is 42CrMo steel.
In the embodiment of the invention, the consumable electrode 2 is made of Cr5 steel.
The diameter of the consumable electrode 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is 30 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the mandrel 4 is 240-1000 mm.
The thickness of the cladding layer 13 in the embodiment of the present invention was 55 mm.
The length of the composite steel ingot in the embodiment of the invention is 750 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the crystallizer power supply, the crystallizer circuit switch and the upper crystallizer form a crystallizer loop.
In the embodiment of the invention, the current of the crystallizer loop is 5000-8500A.
Example 1
The structure of the device for preparing the composite roller by the electroslag remelting method with the magnetic field added to the crystallizer is shown in figure 1, the top view is shown in figure 2, and the device comprises a remelting power supply 1, a crystallizer power supply 21, a dummy plate 11, an upper crystallizer 5 and a lower crystallizer 7; the lower crystallizer 7 is T-shaped, and the upper crystallizer 5 and the lower crystallizer 7 form an electroslag furnace crystallizer; the upper crystallizer 5 and the lower crystallizer 7 are separated by a circular ring type insulating gasket 6;
the inner wall of the upper crystallizer 5 is covered with an insulating ring 19; the upper crystallizer 5 is provided with a gap which penetrates through the top surface and the bottom surface of the upper crystallizer 5 and communicates the inside and the outside of the upper crystallizer 5, and the gap is filled with an insulating block 9;
one pole of the remelting power supply 1 is connected with the dummy plate 11, and the other pole is connected with the consumable electrode 2; the upper part of the outer wall of the upper crystallizer 5 is provided with two conductive interfaces 14, the two conductive interfaces 14 are positioned at two sides of the insulating block 9, and the two conductive interfaces 14 are respectively connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply 21;
two liquid level detection probes 8 are arranged on the side wall of the lower crystallizer 7, and the two liquid level detection probes 8 are assembled on the same liquid level detector together; the height difference of the two liquid level detection probes 8 is 15-20 mm; the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane are overlapped;
the device also comprises a ladle 15, wherein the bottom of the ladle 15 is provided with a chute 16, and the outlet of the chute 16 is opposite to the upper crystallizer 5;
the method comprises the following steps:
placing a mandrel 3 in an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the bottom surface of the mandrel 3 is connected with a dummy bar plate 11; at this time, the dummy bar plate 10 is connected with the bottom surface of the lower part 9 of the lower crystallizer;
a coating layer 10 is arranged in the lower crystallizer 7, and the coating layer 10 is filled in the space between the mandrel 3 and the lower crystallizer 7;
placing the slag material in a ladle 15 for melting to form a ladle molten pool 17; opening a chute 16 at the bottom of a ladle 15, and putting a ladle molten pool 17 into an electroslag furnace crystallizer to form a liquid slag pool 4; one pole of a remelting power supply 1 is connected with a dummy plate 11 through a short net, and the other pole is connected with a consumable electrode 2; the consumable electrode 2 is cylindrical and consists of a plurality of cylindrical consumable electrodes, the cylindrical consumable electrodes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mandrel 3, and the distance between each cylindrical consumable electrode and the mandrel 3 is equal;
the consumable electrode 2 is lowered into the liquid slag pool 4 through a lifting device; switching on a remelting switch 18 on the short net, and conducting the circuits of the consumable electrode 2, the liquid slag pool 4, the mandrel 3 and the dummy bar plate 11; under the action of current, the temperature of the liquid slag pool 4 is gradually increased, the consumable electrode 2 is heated and melted, and meanwhile, the surface of the mandrel 3 is heated to form a melting layer; the metal liquid drops formed by melting the consumable electrode 2 are deposited at the bottom of the liquid slag pool 4 to form a metal molten pool 12;
switching on a crystallizer switch 20 on a circuit with two conductive interfaces 14 connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply 21 to electrify the upper crystallizer 5 and form annular current on the upper crystallizer 5; under the action of the annular current, a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane is excited inside the upper crystallizer 5; in the conducting process, the liquid slag pool 4 and the metal melting pool 12 are subjected to the action of a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane to generate electromagnetic force and rotate along the horizontal plane, so that heat is uniformly conducted, and the temperature distribution is uniform;
under the cooling action of the lower crystallizer 7, the metal molten pool 12 is gradually cooled, and a cladding layer 13 is formed to wrap the outer wall of the mandrel 3; starting the ingot drawing system, descending the dummy bar plate 11, and drawing out the mandrel 3 wrapped with the cladding layer 13 in the descending process of the dummy bar plate 11 to form a composite steel ingot;
the inner diameter of the lower crystallizer is 350mm, the diameter phi of the mandrel is 240mm, and the length is 750 mm; the inner diameter of the upper crystallizer is phi 420mm, and the diameter of the prepared composite roller is phi 350 mm; the thickness of the composite working layer is 55 mm; the consumable electrode consists of 7 cylindrical consumable electrodes with the diameter of 30mm, and the distance between each cylindrical consumable electrode and the mandrel is 10 mm; the slag has a composition of 50CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2(ii) a The ingot drawing speed is 10mm/s, and the steel ladle casting speed is 4 kg/s;
under the condition that a power supply of the crystallizer is not started, the temperature of the slag pool is not uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction in the preheating process, and the melting degree of the surface of the mandrel is not uniform; the melting speed of the part close to the graphite electrode is high, and the melting conditions of the cast steel part and the part of the mandrel far away from the graphite electrode are poor; in the cladding compounding process, because the surface of the mandrel is not uniformly melted, the compounding condition of the part close to the graphite electrode is better, the metallurgical bonding of the steel pouring part and the compounding interface of the mandrel part far away from the electrode is weaker, the whole circumferential compounding of the roller is not uniform, and the product quality is poor.
Example 2
The apparatus structure is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 90 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
under the condition of turning on a power supply of the crystallizer, the current in a loop of the crystallizer is 1000A; the temperature of the slag bath is still not uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction in the thermal process. In the cladding composite process, the surface of the mandrel is melted unevenly, the temperature near the graphite electrode is high, the melting speed of the surface of the mandrel is high, and the depth is deep; the temperature far away from the electrode and the steel casting point is low, the surface melting speed of the mandrel is low, the depth is shallow, and the circumferential integral composite effect of the roller is still poor.
Example 3
The apparatus structure is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 180 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
under the condition of turning on the power supply of the crystallizer, the current in the loop of the crystallizer is 5000A; the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows anticlockwise, and the distribution of the temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Example 4
The apparatus structure is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 270 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
the current in the crystallizer loop is 7000A in case of switching on the power supply of the crystallizer; the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows anticlockwise, and the distribution of the temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Example 5
The structure of the device is the same as that of the embodiment;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
the current in the crystallizer loop is 7000A in case of switching on the power supply of the crystallizer; in the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows in the anticlockwise direction, so that the distribution of a temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Example 6
The apparatus structure is different from that of example 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 90 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
under the condition of starting a power supply of the crystallizer, the current in a loop of the crystallizer is 7500A; the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows anticlockwise, and the distribution of the temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Example 7
The apparatus structure is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 180 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
under the condition of turning on the power supply of the crystallizer, the current in the loop of the crystallizer is 8000A; the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows anticlockwise, and the distribution of the temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Example 8
The apparatus structure is different from embodiment 1 in that:
the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes 8 on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta; the included angle theta is 270 degrees;
the method is the same as example 1, except that:
under the condition of turning on the power supply of the crystallizer, the current in the loop of the crystallizer is 8500A; the preheating process and the cladding composite process, the slag pool rotates and flows anticlockwise, and the distribution of the temperature field is greatly improved. In the cladding composite process, the circumferential flow promotes the circumferential flow heat exchange, and promotes the metallurgical bonding process of uniform melting and composite interface on the surface of the mandrel. The process is smoothly completed, and the interface bonding quality is good.
Claims (8)
1. A device for preparing a composite roller by an electroslag remelting method with a crystallizer attached with a magnetic field comprises a remelting power supply, a crystallizer power supply, a dummy plate, an upper crystallizer and a lower crystallizer, wherein the lower crystallizer is T-shaped, and the upper crystallizer and the lower crystallizer form an electroslag furnace crystallizer; the upper crystallizer and the lower crystallizer are separated by a circular ring type insulating gasket; the inner wall of the upper crystallizer is covered with an insulating ring; the upper crystallizer is provided with a gap which penetrates through the top surface and the bottom surface of the upper crystallizer and communicates the inside and the outside of the upper crystallizer, and the gap is filled with an insulating block; one pole of the remelting power supply is connected with the dummy plate, and the other pole is connected with the consumable electrode; the upper part of the outer wall of the upper crystallizer is provided with two conductive interfaces which are positioned at two sides of the insulating block and are respectively connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply.
2. The device for preparing the composite roll by the electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer additionally provided with the magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the lower crystallizer is provided with two liquid level detection probes which are assembled on the same liquid level detector; the height difference of the two liquid level detection probes is 15-20 mm; the projections of the axes of the two liquid level detection probes on the horizontal plane form an included angle theta or are overlapped; the included angle θ is 90 °, 180 °, or 270 °.
3. The apparatus for preparing a composite roll by electroslag remelting method with a crystallizer and a magnetic field added is characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a ladle, the bottom of the ladle is provided with a chute, and the outlet of the chute is opposite to the upper crystallizer.
4. A method for preparing a composite roll by electroslag remelting method with an additional magnetic field of a crystallizer, which is characterized in that the device of claim 1 is adopted and comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a mandrel in an electroslag furnace crystallizer, wherein the bottom surface of the mandrel is connected with a dummy bar plate; at the moment, the dummy bar plate is connected with the bottom surface of the lower part of the lower crystallizer;
(2) a coating layer is arranged in the lower crystallizer and is filled in a space between the mandrel and the lower crystallizer;
(3) placing the slag material into a ladle to be melted to form a ladle molten pool; opening a chute at the bottom of the ladle, and putting a ladle molten pool into an electroslag furnace crystallizer to form a liquid slag pool; one pole of a remelting power supply is connected with a dummy plate through a short net, and the other pole of the remelting power supply is connected with a consumable electrode;
(4) the consumable electrode is lowered into the liquid slag pool through the lifting device; switching on a remelting switch on the short net, and conducting circuits of the consumable electrode, the liquid slag pool, the mandrel and the dummy bar plate; under the action of current, the temperature of the liquid slag pool is gradually increased, the consumable electrode is heated and melted, and meanwhile, the surface of the mandrel is heated to form a melting layer; the metal liquid drops formed by melting the consumable electrode are deposited at the bottom of the liquid slag pool to form a metal molten pool;
(5) switching on a crystallizer switch on a circuit with two conductive interfaces connected with two poles of a crystallizer power supply, electrifying an upper crystallizer, and forming annular current in the upper crystallizer; under the action of the annular current, a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane is excited in the upper crystallizer; in the conducting process, the liquid slag pool and the metal molten pool are subjected to the action of a magnetic field vertical to the horizontal plane to generate electromagnetic force and rotate along the horizontal plane, so that heat is uniformly conducted, and the temperature distribution is uniform;
(6) under the cooling action of the lower crystallizer, the metal molten pool is gradually cooled, and a cladding layer is formed to wrap the outer wall of the mandrel; and starting the ingot drawing system, descending the dummy bar plate, and drawing out the core shaft wrapped with the cladding layer to form the composite steel ingot in the descending process of the dummy bar plate.
5. The method for preparing the composite roller by the electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer added with the magnetic field according to claim 4, wherein the consumable electrode is cylindrical or columniform; when the consumable electrode is cylindrical, the consumable electrode is composed of a plurality of cylindrical consumable electrodes which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the mandrel, and the distance between each cylindrical consumable electrode and the mandrel is equal.
6. The method for preparing the composite roll by electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer added with the magnetic field is characterized in that in the step (3), after the molten steel ladle molten pool is poured into the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace, the liquid level of the liquid slag pool exceeds the upper edge of the lower crystallizer by 20 mm.
7. The method for preparing the composite roll by the electroslag remelting method with the crystallizer added with the magnetic field is characterized in that in the step (6), cooling water flows through a cooling water cavity in the lower crystallizer to forcibly cool the cladding layer.
8. The method for preparing a composite roll by electroslag remelting method with an additional magnetic field in a crystallizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step (6), the descending speed of the dummy plate is controlled by a stripping system, so that the drawing speed of the core shaft wrapped with the cladding layer is matched with the melting speed of the consumable electrode, and the liquid level of the liquid slag pool and the liquid metal pool is kept stable; and monitoring the liquid level position of the metal molten pool through a liquid level detection probe.
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