CN114649552A - Fuel cell power output control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell power output control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114649552A CN114649552A CN202011494587.8A CN202011494587A CN114649552A CN 114649552 A CN114649552 A CN 114649552A CN 202011494587 A CN202011494587 A CN 202011494587A CN 114649552 A CN114649552 A CN 114649552A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell power output control method, and belongs to the field of fuel cell power output control. The power output control method of the fuel cell of the invention distributes the galvanic pile to supply power for the load by detecting the power demand of the external load, thereby regulating the power generation voltage of the fuel cell by using the power demand of the load while meeting the voltage and power demand of the load, and keeping the power generation voltage in the optimal power generation voltage interval. The fuel cell power output control method can realize the voltage stabilization power output of the fuel cell with high conversion efficiency by depending on a small number of external devices, and adjust the fuel cell to always keep the fuel cell in the optimal working voltage interval according to the power output characteristics of the fuel cell, thereby exerting the maximum power generation capacity of the fuel cell. The method for controlling the power output of the fuel cell can realize the voltage-stabilizing output of the fuel cell on the premise of low loss, is simple and easy to realize, and is the best choice for replacing the current DC-DC technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell power output control, and particularly relates to a power output control method for a direct methanol fuel cell, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and other related solid polymer fuel cells.
Background
The fuel cell stack is formed by connecting a plurality of single fuel cells in series, and the serial assembly method is beneficial to the transmission of cathode and anode materials on one hand and is used for improving the power generation voltage of the fuel cells on the other hand so as to be convenient for application and conversion. The voltage of only a single fuel cell varies greatly in the power generation process, for example, the theoretical single voltage value of a direct methanol fuel cell is 1.2V, the open-circuit voltage is 0.9-1V when no load exists, however, the optimal operating voltage interval is usually 0.35V-0.4V when no load exists, the cell can operate at 0.3V for a long time without damage to the stack, the single voltage variation is about 65% of open circuit, that is, if the optimal application voltage of the single fuel cell is 0.35V, the stack voltage may be 1V when no load is connected, for 100 fuel cell stacks, the voltage is 35V, the open-circuit voltage is 100V, such large voltage difference can cause damage such as high-voltage breakdown to the electrical equipment, so people adopt an external access DC-DC voltage stabilizing circuit to perform voltage conversion on the fuel cell, for application to external appliances.
The conversion efficiency of the DC-DC module is affected by the voltage span, that is, the closer the input voltage and the output voltage are, the higher the conversion efficiency is, the current conventional DC-DC module is usually only about 90% under the premise of consistent input and output voltages, however, in the application occasion of the fuel cell, which is a large-current power generation device, and the input voltage range is very large, the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC module designed for the special requirement is also lower, usually the conversion efficiency can only reach 85%, and thus, the great waste is caused to the electric energy generated by the fuel cell.
In the practical application process, since the external load is changed, the voltage and the power of the fuel cell are changed once the power demand of the load is changed, and the fuel conversion efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a fuel cell power output control method, which can realize voltage stabilization power output with high conversion efficiency of a fuel cell by relying on a small number of external devices, and adjust the fuel cell to always keep the fuel cell in an optimal working voltage interval according to the power output characteristics of the fuel cell so as to exert the maximum power generation capacity of the fuel cell.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a fuel cell power output control method, which is applicable to a fuel cell power supply system and comprises the following steps: a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in parallel, a secondary power supply used in the starting process, a microcontroller for performing data sampling and program execution, and a switch circuit; the plurality of parallel fuel cell stacks can supply power to an external load independently or can select several of the external loads to supply power to the external load together; the secondary power supply provides electric energy for the starting of a fuel cell power supply system and is matched with the fuel cell stack for use; the microcontroller is responsible for reading the power utilization information of the external load and allocating the corresponding fuel cell stack to supply power to the external load according to the program setting; the switching circuit is responsible for executing the instruction of the microcontroller and determining whether the fuel cell stack is connected to the power supply circuit and the charge-discharge state of the secondary power supply;
the fuel cell power output control method includes the steps of:
firstly, starting a program, reading external load information by a microcontroller, and keeping a system unchanged under the condition of no external load; when an external load is accessed, the microcontroller starts a fuel cell stack to supply power to the outside, and enters the following judgment program:
(1) when the power supply voltage of the fuel cell stack is just in the optimal output voltage interval of the stack, the single fuel cell stack is indicated to meet the power requirement of the existing load, the single fuel cell stack can be used for supplying power to the outside, the program can be kept in the current step, and the state of the external load is monitored at the same time to make a judgment in time;
(2) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is higher than the optimal voltage interval, the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack is larger than the current requirement of an external load, a secondary power supply is simultaneously accessed, the secondary power supply is charged through the fuel cell stack to pull down the voltage of the fuel cell stack so that the fuel cell stack still works in the optimal voltage interval, and meanwhile, the microcontroller also reads the electric quantity of the secondary power supply and makes a judgment; if the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient, the fuel cell stack continues to charge the secondary power supply, and the voltage of the fuel cell stack is judged again; if the secondary power supply is fully charged, the fuel cell stack is closed, the secondary power supply is used for discharging to an external load, the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient due to continuous discharging or external load change, once the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is detected to be insufficient, the program returns to the step of load access again, and a fuel cell stack is started;
(3) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is lower than the optimal voltage interval, the single fuel cell stack is not enough to provide the electric energy required by the external load, at the moment, the microcontroller increases the fuel cell stacks for supplying power to the outside in a parallel connection mode and judges the voltages of the fuel cell stacks and the external load, and if the voltage of the fuel cell stacks is still lower than the optimal voltage interval, the microcontroller continues to increase the fuel cell stacks for supplying power until the voltage of the fuel cell stacks works in the optimal power supply interval;
in subsequent operation, the voltage of the fuel cell stack may be higher than the optimal voltage interval due to the change of the external load, and the microcontroller determines this, and gradually decreases the fuel cell stacks supplied with power until only one fuel cell stack is left to supply power, and the procedure returns to the initial determination of the three results.
In the above-described aspect, the power output control method of the present invention is applied to power output control of a power supply system of a solid polymer fuel cell.
In the above technical solution, the power output control method of the present invention is suitable for power output control of a power supply system of an alcohol fuel cell or a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
In the above technical solution, the parallel connection form of the plurality of parallel fuel cell stacks may be a parallel connection on a stack structure, or a parallel connection on a circuit structure.
In the above technical solution, the fuel cell stack is formed by combining 10 groups of single cells in parallel, each group being 100 single cells.
In the above technical solution, the secondary power source is a lithium ion battery.
In the above technical solution, the switch circuit is a CMOS.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for controlling the power output of the fuel cell comprises the steps of detecting the power demand of an external load, distributing the galvanic pile to supply power to the load, and further adjusting the power generation voltage of the fuel cell by using the power demand of the load while meeting the voltage and power demands of the load so as to keep the power generation voltage in an optimal power generation voltage interval.
The fuel cell power output control method can realize the voltage stabilization power output of the fuel cell with high conversion efficiency by depending on a small number of external devices, and adjust the fuel cell to always keep the fuel cell in the optimal working voltage interval according to the power output characteristics of the fuel cell, thereby exerting the maximum power generation capacity of the fuel cell.
The method for controlling the power output of the fuel cell can realize the voltage-stabilizing output of the fuel cell on the premise of low loss, is simple and easy to realize, and is the best choice for replacing the current DC-DC technology.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell power supply system to which the fuel cell power output control method of the present invention is applied.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fuel cell power output control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention idea of the invention is as follows: fuel cells are a power generation device capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy, and are an important research direction for future clean energy. When chemical energy is converted into electric energy, due to the inherent characteristics of the chemical energy, parameters such as current and voltage of the generated electric energy can generate great fluctuation according to the change of a load and cannot be directly used by an external load, so that external stable power supply needs to be realized through an external direct current voltage stabilizing device DC-DC, however, the voltage stabilizing conversion of the DC-DC can generate great electric energy loss, and the power generation efficiency of a power supply system of a fuel cell is greatly reduced. Therefore, the invention provides a fuel cell power output control method, which can realize the voltage stabilization output of the fuel cell on the premise of low loss, has simple method and easy realization, and is the best choice for replacing the current DC-DC technology.
The invention provides a power output control method of a fuel cell, which distributes a galvanic pile to supply power to a load by detecting the power demand of an external load, and further regulates the power generation voltage of the fuel cell by using the power demand of the load while meeting the voltage and power demand of the load so as to keep the power generation voltage in an optimal power generation voltage interval.
The fuel cell power supply system to which the control method is applied includes: the fuel cell system comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in parallel, a secondary power supply used in the starting process, a microcontroller for performing data sampling and program execution, and a switch circuit;
the fuel cell stacks connected in parallel can independently supply power to an external load or can select several of the fuel cell stacks to supply power to the external load together, and the parallel connection mode of the fuel cell stacks can be that the fuel cell stacks are structurally connected in parallel or that the fuel cell stacks are structurally connected in parallel;
the secondary power supply is used for starting a fuel cell power supply system, providing electric energy for the fuel cell power supply system, being capable of repeatedly charging and discharging for many times and being matched with the fuel cell stack for use; preferably a lithium ion battery;
the microcontroller is responsible for reading the electricity utilization information of the external load and allocating the corresponding fuel cell stack to supply electricity to the external load according to the program setting; the microcontroller can accurately and quickly sample key data such as voltage, current and the like, makes judgment according to a set control program, and sends an instruction to the switch circuit.
The switching circuit is responsible for executing the instruction of the microcontroller and determining whether the fuel cell stack is connected to the power supply circuit and the charge-discharge state of the secondary power supply; the switching circuit is capable of executing instructions issued by the microcontroller at high speed.
The fuel cell power output control method includes the steps of:
firstly, the fuel cell is composed of a plurality of independent fuel cell stack power generation units, each independent power generation unit is controlled by a microcontroller to be connected in parallel to a circuit for supplying power to an external load, meanwhile, the microcontroller reads the access condition of the external load in real time, once the external load is accessed, the microcontroller can access an independent power supply fuel cell stack to supply power to the fuel cell stack, and then the following judgment program is entered.
(1) When the power supply voltage of the fuel cell stack is just in the optimal output voltage interval of the stack, the single fuel cell stack meets the power requirement of the existing load, the single fuel cell stack can be used for supplying power to the outside, the program can be kept in the current step, and the state of the external load is monitored to make a judgment in time;
(2) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is higher than the optimal voltage interval, the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack is larger than the current requirement of an external load, at the moment, a secondary power supply is connected in at the same time, the voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced by charging the secondary power supply through the fuel cell stack to ensure that the fuel cell stack still works in the optimal voltage interval, so that the fuel cell stack can work in the optimal voltage interval, the generated electric energy is stored in the secondary power supply and is used in the future operation, once the secondary power supply and the external load power requirement are not enough to reduce the voltage of the fuel cell stack to the optimal voltage interval, the secondary power supply is close to full charge, the fuel cell stack is closed, the secondary power supply is used for supplying power to the external load, and when the secondary power supply is charged and the external load power requirement can reduce the fuel cell stack to the optimal voltage interval, switching the fuel cell stack into the power supply circuit again;
(3) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is lower than the optimal voltage interval, the single fuel cell stack is not enough to provide the electric energy required by an external load, at the moment, the microcontroller increases the fuel cell stacks for supplying power to the outside in a parallel connection mode and judges the voltages of the fuel cell stacks, if the voltage of the fuel cell stacks is still lower than the optimal voltage interval, the microcontroller continues to increase the fuel cell stacks for supplying power until the voltage of the fuel cell stacks works in the optimal power supply interval, and a judgment program is executed once when one fuel cell stack is added;
(4) when a plurality of fuel cell stacks supply power, due to the change of an external load, the voltage of the fuel cell stacks is higher than an optimal voltage interval, the electric energy requirement of the external load is reduced, the microcontroller also makes a judgment on the voltage, the number of the fuel cell stacks supplying power is reduced one by one, the program returns to the initial judgment on three results until only one fuel cell stack is left to supply power, and the judgment program is executed once when one fuel cell stack is reduced.
Since the processing speed of the microcontroller and the corresponding speed of the external switching device are in the order of microseconds, a stable output can be achieved quickly.
The fuel cell power output control method of the present invention is suitable for controlling the power output of a power supply system of a solid polymer fuel cell, and is particularly suitable for controlling the power output of a power supply system of an alcohol fuel cell or a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1: the invention provides a power output control method of a fuel cell, which is applicable to a power supply system of the fuel cell and comprises the following steps: a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in parallel, a secondary power supply used in the starting process, a microcontroller for performing data sampling and program execution, and a switch circuit; the fuel cell power system is provided with a plurality of fuel cell stacks which are connected in parallel, the microcontroller is responsible for reading the power utilization information of an external load and allocating the corresponding fuel cell stacks to supply power to the external load according to the program setting, and the secondary power supply provides electric energy for the system starting and is matched with the stacks for use so as to provide help for the fuel cell stacks to efficiently work in the optimal working voltage range. The switch circuit is responsible for executing the instruction of the microcontroller and determining whether the fuel cell stack is connected to the power supply circuit and the charge-discharge state of the secondary power supply. The fuel cell stacks are used in parallel, and the microcontroller can start the fuel cell stacks to discharge outwards in turn, so that unbalanced performance attenuation caused by overuse of a certain fuel cell stack or a certain part of fuel cell stacks is prevented.
The fuel cell power output control method of the present invention is specifically described with reference to fig. 2, and includes the steps of:
firstly, starting a program, reading external load information by a microcontroller, and keeping a system unchanged under the condition of no external load; when an external load is connected, the microcontroller starts a fuel cell stack to supply power to the outside, the voltage of the fuel cell can be changed in three possible ways when the power is supplied to the outside, and at the moment, the program can judge three results as follows:
(1) when the fuel cell stack operates in the optimal voltage interval, the program keeps the current step, and the voltage reading judgment is continuously carried out;
(2) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is higher than the optimal discharge interval, the fuel cell charges the secondary power supply while supplying power to the load so as to keep in the optimal voltage interval, meanwhile, the microcontroller also reads the electric quantity of the secondary power supply and makes a judgment, if the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient, the fuel cell stack continues to charge the secondary power supply, and the voltage of the fuel cell stack is judged again; if the secondary power supply is fully charged, the fuel cell stack is closed, the secondary power supply is used for discharging to an external load, the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient due to continuous discharging or external load change, once the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is detected to be insufficient, the program returns to the step of load access again, and a fuel cell stack is started;
(3) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is lower than the optimal voltage interval, which indicates that a single fuel cell stack is not enough to meet the requirement of an external load, the microcontroller increases a power supply fuel cell stack and judges the voltages of the power supply fuel cell stack and the power supply fuel cell stack, and if the voltage of the power supply fuel cell stack is still lower than the optimal voltage interval, the microcontroller continues to increase the power supply fuel cell stack until the voltage of the fuel cell stack works in the optimal power supply interval.
Then, in operation, due to the change of the external load, the voltage of the fuel cell stack may be higher than the optimal voltage interval, and the microcontroller also makes a determination on the voltage, and gradually reduces the fuel cell stacks which are externally supplied with power until only one fuel cell stack is left to be externally supplied with power, and the procedure returns to the initial determination on the three results.
For a direct methanol fuel cell system with a membrane electrode area of 50mm x 70mm and a direct methanol fuel cell stack composed of 100 single cells as a power generation unit, an optimal power generation interval is 0.35V-0.4V of a single cell, 4.2W can be generated in the optimal power generation interval, the generated current is about 12A, 420W is generated in total, the power generation power cannot be kept in the optimal voltage interval all the time, the power generation power is usually between 380W and 400W, the voltage drop is 0.3V through diode rectification, DC-DC is used for voltage conversion loss of 15%, the actual available power of the DC-DC mode stack is about 303.5W, and the conversion efficiency is about 72.2%.
By adopting the method of the invention, the galvanic pile is divided into 10 groups which are combined in parallel, each group is 100 sheets, only the area of the membrane electrode is changed into one tenth of the original area, the total area of the power generation membrane electrode of the galvanic pile is not changed, the optimal total power is still 420W, the method of the invention can keep the power of the galvanic pile between 400 and 410W, the voltage drop is 0.3V through the rectification of a diode, a high-speed CMOS with milliohm level internal resistance is used as a switch circuit, the loss on the switch circuit is almost avoided, the actual available power is about 370W, and the conversion efficiency is about 88.1%.
The fuel cell power output control method can realize the voltage stabilization power output of the fuel cell with high conversion efficiency by relying on a small number of external devices, and adjusts the fuel cell to always keep the fuel cell in the optimal working voltage range aiming at the power output characteristic of the fuel cell, thereby exerting the maximum power generation capacity of the fuel cell.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. This need not be, nor should it be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell power output control method, characterized in that the control method is applied to a fuel cell power supply system comprising: the fuel cell system comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected in parallel, a secondary power supply used in the starting process, a microcontroller for performing data sampling and program execution, and a switch circuit; the plurality of parallel fuel cell stacks can supply power to an external load independently or can select several of the external loads to supply power to the external load together; the secondary power supply provides electric energy for starting a fuel cell power supply system and is matched with the fuel cell stack for use; the microcontroller is responsible for reading the electricity utilization information of the external load and allocating the corresponding fuel cell stack to supply electricity to the external load according to the program setting; the switching circuit is responsible for executing the instruction of the microcontroller and determining whether the fuel cell stack is connected to the power supply circuit and the charge-discharge state of the secondary power supply;
the fuel cell power output control method includes the steps of:
firstly, starting a program, reading external load information by a microcontroller, and keeping a system unchanged under the condition of no external load; when an external load is accessed, the microcontroller starts a fuel cell stack to supply power to the outside, and enters the following judgment program:
(1) when the power supply voltage of the fuel cell stack is just in the optimal output voltage interval of the stack, the single fuel cell stack is indicated to meet the power requirement of the existing load, the single fuel cell stack can be used for supplying power to the outside, the program can be kept in the current step, and the state of the external load is monitored at the same time to make a judgment in time;
(2) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is higher than the optimal voltage interval, the power generation capacity of the fuel cell stack is larger than the current requirement of an external load, a secondary power supply is simultaneously accessed, the secondary power supply is charged through the fuel cell stack to pull down the voltage of the fuel cell stack so that the fuel cell stack still works in the optimal voltage interval, and meanwhile, the microcontroller also reads the electric quantity of the secondary power supply and makes a judgment; if the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient, the fuel cell stack continues to charge the secondary power supply, and the voltage of the fuel cell stack is judged again; if the secondary power supply is fully charged, the fuel cell stack is closed, the secondary power supply is used for discharging to an external load, the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is insufficient due to continuous discharging or external load change, once the electric quantity of the secondary power supply is detected to be insufficient, the program returns to the step of load access again, and one fuel cell stack is started;
(3) when the voltage of the fuel cell stack is lower than the optimal voltage interval, the single fuel cell stack is not enough to provide the electric energy required by the external load, at the moment, the microcontroller increases the fuel cell stacks for supplying power to the outside in a parallel connection mode and judges the voltages of the fuel cell stacks and the external load, and if the voltage of the fuel cell stacks is still lower than the optimal voltage interval, the microcontroller continues to increase the fuel cell stacks for supplying power until the voltage of the fuel cell stacks works in the optimal power supply interval;
in subsequent operation, the voltage of the fuel cell stack may be higher than the optimal voltage interval due to the change of the external load, and the microcontroller determines this, and gradually decreases the fuel cell stacks supplied with power until only one fuel cell stack is left to supply power, and the procedure returns to the initial determination of the three results.
2. The fuel cell power output control method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applied to power output control of a power supply system of a solid polymer fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell power output control method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applied to power output control of a power supply system of an alcohol fuel cell or a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
4. The power output control method of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the fuel cell stacks connected in parallel are connected in parallel in a stack structure or in a circuit structure.
5. The fuel cell power output control method according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell stack is formed by combining 10 groups of 100 single cells in parallel.
6. The fuel cell power output control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary power source is a lithium ion battery.
7. The fuel cell power output control method according to claim 1, wherein the switching circuit is a CMOS.
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