CN114647881A - Urban inland inundation modeling method considering building micro hydrological process - Google Patents
Urban inland inundation modeling method considering building micro hydrological process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an urban inland inundation modeling method considering the building microscopic hydrological process, which comprises the following steps of S1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly deeply analyzing the hydrological process of the roof of the building, processing a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the roof of the building, and constructing a three-dimensional water catchment network based on drainage facilities of the building; step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structure characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the surface elevation on the basis of increasing the ground elevation where the building is located; step S3: dividing an urban surface rainwater catchment area; step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow processes, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, and a surface runoff process and an underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled. Aiming at the influence of the building micro hydrological process on the waterlogging forming process, the invention innovatively constructs a three-dimensional water collection network from the roof to the ground surface and then to the underground, and realizes the simulation of the drainage process of rainwater from the roof to the ground surface of the building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geographic information, in particular to a building microscopic hydrological process-considering urban inland inundation modeling method.
Background
In recent years, urban inland inundation disasters frequently occur in China, seriously threaten the life and property safety of people and bring much trouble to urban development. In order to effectively cope with flood disasters and adverse effects thereof, more and more engineering and non-engineering measures are implemented in flood disaster management. Urban inland inundation simulation is used as an effective non-engineering measure, and the runoff conditions of the ground surface and the underground under certain rainfall conditions are simulated and obtained through the urban rainfall runoff process, so that the disaster situation forecasting and analyzing can be effectively assisted, and the urban inland inundation simulation system is widely applied at home and abroad.
The building is the important component in city, increases along with earth's surface building density, and then influences the original hydrologic cycle in city, and has changed the original rainwater of city and has converged the process, has important influence to the production of city waterlogging calamity. The building microscopic hydrological process is a three-dimensional water collection network from the roof to the ground and then to the underground, which is formed by a building rainwater port, a building drainage pipe, a ground surface rainwater grate, an underground rainwater pipe network and the like, has strong influence on the formation of ground surface permeability, surface water and runoff, and has an important effect on the simulation of urban waterlogging.
However, the traditional urban inland inundation simulation lacks deep analysis of the building micro-hydrological process, ignores the three-dimensional catchment process of rainwater from the roof of the building to the earth surface and then to the underground, lacks accurate expression of a building catchment unit, does not consider the influence of the roof characteristics of the building on the elevation correction of the earth surface, is difficult to meet the requirements of inland inundation disaster space-time simulation and analysis under the urban complex environment, and how to effectively consider the influence of the building micro-hydrological process on inland inundation becomes important content of inland inundation simulation under the urban background.
In summary, a modeling method for urban waterlogging considering the micro hydrologic process of a building is lacked at present, so that the accuracy and precision of the urban waterlogging simulation are improved, and a scientific basis is provided for formulating waterlogging management measures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an urban waterlogging modeling method considering the building micro-hydrological process aiming at the defects of the background technology, innovatively constructs a three-dimensional catchment network from the roof to the ground surface and then to the underground according to the influence of the building micro-hydrological process on the waterlogging forming process, realizes the simulation of the drainage process of rainwater from the roof to the ground surface of the building, overcomes the defect that the traditional urban waterlogging simulation lacks the building catchment process, and further meets the requirement of the space-time simulation of the waterlogging disaster in the complex environment of the urban hydrological unit.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the urban inland inundation modeling method considering the building microscopic hydrological process comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly deeply analyzing the hydrological process of the roof of the building, processing a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the roof of the building, and constructing a three-dimensional water catchment network based on drainage facilities of the building;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structure characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the surface elevation on the basis of increasing the ground elevation where the building is located;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle that the urban surface rainwater catchment area is thinned layer by layer from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various artificial drainage facilities on the urban convergence process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, a surface runoff process and an underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled, and an urban inland inundation model is constructed.
Further, step S1 includes the following steps:
step S11: generalizing a rainwater port on the roof of a building into a real rainwater grate, performing attribute assignment and determining a rainwater point coordinate corresponding to the rainwater port;
step S12: assigning attributes such as a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth and a pipe point elevation value of the generalized rainwater point; setting the buried depth of the pipe point to be 0, and setting the pipe point elevation value to be the sum of the corresponding ground elevation value of the rainwater inlet and the height of the building;
step S13: connecting rainwater points formed by generalizing roof rainwater openings of a building with nearest rainwater points on the periphery of the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building catchment network and an urban rainwater pipe network;
step S14: the method comprises the steps of carrying out actual investigation and collection on a drainage pipe network, and assigning values to attributes such as pipe section names, pipe section starting points, pipe section end points, pipe section starting point burial depths, pipe section end point burial depths, pipe diameters and the like of the rainwater pipe network to form a building three-dimensional catchment network which accords with reality.
Further, step S2 includes the following steps:
s21: aligning the building edge with the grid cell boundary so that the roof elevation can correctly describe the location of the building;
s22: converting the building surface elements into grid data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into the grid height;
s23: superposing the grid height corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
s24: because a short wall is usually built around the roof of the building, the elevation value of the boundary of the building is corrected by acquiring the elevation value of the grid corresponding to the boundary of the building, so that the elevation value of the boundary of the building meets the boundary condition of the roof of the actual building.
Further, step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31: performing flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence cumulant calculation, natural water system extraction and catchment area generation operation on DEM data of an area to be divided to obtain a catchment area divided based on a terrain;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of the road trunk and the contour line of the building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening sub-catchment surface elements which contain pipe points and the number of the pipe points is more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing the Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and according to the three-dimensional water collection network of the building constructed in the S1, taking the rainwater port of the roof of the building as a rainwater point, and dividing the sub-water collection units of the building based on the rainwater point generalized by the rainwater port.
Further, step S41: by extracting the row and column numbers of the DEM grids, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated1，y1)；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point2，y2) Traversing the DEM grid of the research area according to the coordinate, finding the grid with rainwater pipe points, and determining the corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating a water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, and obtaining the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point by subtracting the pipe point elevation from the water head1D(ii) a Then, the grid corresponding to the DEM on the earth surface is found through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and the water depth H on the grid corresponding to the DEM is calculated by utilizing a two-dimensional earth surface overflow model2D；
Step S44: judging whether the condition Z is satisfied2D≤H1D≤H2D，Z2DIs the elevation of the earth's surface; if yes, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, entering the step S45; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as follows:
wherein q isvDenotes the flow rate, CqThe flow coefficient is shown, A is the cross-sectional area of the orifice, g is the gravity acceleration, and H1-H2 are the water head difference;
step S45: judging whether the elevation value of the DEM unit grid where the pipe point is located is smaller than the elevation values corresponding to all the peripheral DEM grid units, namely the rainwater well is completely covered by the current rainwater, if so, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, and otherwise, entering the step S46;
step S46: and calculating the exchange flow by selecting a weir flow formula as follows:
wherein Q represents the flow rate, m represents the flow coefficient, B represents the overflow width, g represents the gravitational acceleration, H0Representing the weir upper total head;
step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating surface runoff by a nonlinear reservoir model, inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, a surface Manning coefficient, a stagnation storage amount and the like, and solving by a parallel connection of a Riemannian formula and a continuous equation to complete the modeling of the surface runoff process; the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
fP＝f∞+(f0-f∞)e-αt
wherein f ispIs the infiltration rate (m) of the soil2/h)，f∞To stabilize the infiltration rate (m)2/h)，f0Is the initial permeability (m)2T is the duration of rainfall, and alpha is the attenuation index;
wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein d is water depth, and V is water surface (m) and water volume3) And A is the surface area (m) of the drainage area2) I is net rain and Q is outflow (m)2/s)；
Wherein the Manning equation is as follows:
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, and n is ManninThe coefficient, W is the sub-basin cross-flow width (m), dpThe surface water retention depth (m);
step S48: solving a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation based on the discharge water flow outlet of the specified place obtained by the surface convergence simulation prediction in combination with a dynamic wave water flow calculation method to calculate the flow speed and the water depth in the pipeline, and simulating the underground pipe network water flow conveying process by utilizing the concept of a storage unit on the grid; the Saint Vietnam equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
wherein Q isxIs the volume flow in the x cartesian direction, a is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, h is the water depth, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of manning, R is the hydraulic radius, t is the time, x is the distance in the x cartesian direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1. through deep analysis of the building micro-hydrological process, the three-dimensional water collection process from the roof of the building to the earth surface and then to the underground is fully considered, accurate expression of the building water collection unit is achieved, the defect of traditional urban inland inundation simulation on research of the building micro-hydrological process is overcome, and the requirements of inland inundation disaster space-time simulation and analysis in urban complex environments are further met.
2. On the basis, a complete urban waterlogging model is constructed by combining the rainwater catchment division module, the underground pipe network model and the earth surface overflow model coupling module, so that the intension of urban waterlogging space-time simulation is enriched, the understanding of a microscopic hydrological process can be promoted, and scientific guidance can be provided for community-scale waterlogging disaster management.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a specific application block diagram of the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional catchment network constructed based on a drainage facility of a building according to the embodiment.
In fig. 4, a is a schematic diagram of rainwater drainage on the roof of a building, and b is a schematic diagram of the communication between a building catchment network and an urban rainwater pipe network.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an algorithm of a water flow exchange coupling method between the earth surface and the underground pipe network according to this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, "first", "second", etc. do not represent an important degree of the component, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses an urban inland inundation modeling method based on consideration of a building micro hydrological process, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly deeply analyzing the hydrological process of the roof of the building, processing a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the roof of the building, and constructing a three-dimensional water catchment network based on drainage facilities of the building;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structure characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the surface elevation on the basis of increasing the ground elevation where the building is located;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle of thinning layer by layer from large to small by combining the influence of terrain, roads, buildings and various artificial drainage facilities on the urban convergence process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, a surface runoff process and an underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled, and an urban inland inundation model is constructed.
In this example, a typical waterlogging prone area (about 447031m in area) was used2) The rainwater pipe network data, the rainfall and ponding data, the building data, the digital elevation Data (DEM), the road network data and the like. The area is a core urban area of a city, the building area is large, the earth surface hardening rate is relatively high, and the micro drainage process of earth surface buildings has an important influence on the waterlogging process.
The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are shown in fig. 2:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly deeply analyzing the hydrological process of the roof of a building, processing a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the roof of the building, and constructing a three-dimensional catchment network based on drainage facilities of the building, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:
step S11: generalizing a rainwater inlet on the roof of a building into a real rainwater grate, performing attribute assignment and determining a rainwater point coordinate corresponding to the rainwater inlet;
step S12: and assigning attributes such as a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth, a pipe point elevation value and the like of the generalized rainwater point. Setting the buried depth of the pipe point to be 0, and setting the pipe point elevation value to be the sum of the corresponding ground elevation value of the rainwater inlet and the height of the building;
step S13: connecting rainwater points formed by generalizing roof rainwater openings of a building with nearest rainwater points on the periphery of the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building catchment network and an urban rainwater pipe network;
step S14: through actual survey and collection of the drainage pipe network, attributes such as pipe section names, pipe section starting points, pipe section end points, pipe section starting point burial depths, pipe section end point burial depths, pipe diameters and the like of the rainwater pipe network are assigned, and a three-dimensional water collection network of a building conforming to reality is formed, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
Step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structure characteristics of the building, and taking account of the roof short wall to further correct the surface elevation on the basis of increasing the ground elevation where the building is located, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S21: aligning the building edge with the grid cell boundary so that the roof elevation can correctly describe the location of the building;
step S22: converting the building surface elements into grid data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into the grid height;
step S23: superposing the grid height corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
step S24: because a short wall is usually built around the roof of the building, the elevation value of the boundary of the building is corrected by acquiring the elevation value of the grid corresponding to the boundary of the building, so that the elevation value of the boundary of the building meets the boundary condition of the roof of the actual building.
Step S3: the method combines the influences of terrains, roads, buildings and various artificial drainage facilities on the urban convergence process, and divides the urban surface rainwater catchment areas according to the principle of thinning layer by layer from large to small, and comprises the following specific steps:
step S31: carrying out flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence cumulant calculation, natural water system extraction and catchment area generation operation on DEM data of the area to be divided to obtain a catchment area divided based on a terrain;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of the road trunk and the contour line of the building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening sub-catchment surface elements which contain pipe points and the number of the pipe points is more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing the Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and according to the three-dimensional water collection network of the building constructed in the S1, taking the rainwater port of the roof of the building as a rainwater point, and dividing the sub-water collection units of the building based on the rainwater point generalized by the rainwater port.
Step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow processes, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, a surface runoff process and an underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled, and an urban inland inundation model is constructed, wherein the specific implementation steps are as shown in fig. 5:
step S41: by extracting the row and column numbers of the DEM grids, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated1，y1)；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point2，y2) Traversing the DEM grid of the research area according to the coordinate, finding the grid with rainwater pipe points, and determining the corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating a water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, and obtaining the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point by subtracting the pipe point elevation from the water head1D. Then, the grid corresponding to the DEM on the earth surface is found through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and the water depth H on the grid corresponding to the DEM is calculated by utilizing a two-dimensional earth surface overflow model2D；
Step S44: judging whether the condition Z is satisfied2D≤H1D≤H2D(Z2DThe elevation of the earth surface), if the elevation meets the requirement, an orifice outflow formula is selected to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, the step S45 is carried out; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as follows:
wherein q isvDenotes the flow rate, CqThe flow coefficient is shown, A is the orifice cross-sectional area, g is the gravitational acceleration, and H1-H2 is the water head difference.
Step S45: judging whether the elevation value of the DEM unit grid where the pipe point is located is smaller than the corresponding elevation values of all the peripheral DEM grid units (namely the rainwater well is completely covered by the current rainwater), if so, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, and otherwise, entering the step S46;
step S46: and calculating the exchange flow by selecting a weir flow formula as follows:
wherein Q represents the flow rate, m represents the flow coefficient, B represents the overflow width, g represents the gravitational acceleration, H0Representing the total head over the weir.
Step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating surface runoff by a nonlinear reservoir model, inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, a surface Manning coefficient, a stagnation storage amount and the like, and solving by a parallel connection of a Riemannian formula and a continuous equation to complete the modeling of the surface runoff process; the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
fP＝f∞+(f0-f∞)e-αt
wherein f ispIs the infiltration rate (m) of the soil2/h)，f∞To stabilize the infiltration rate (m)2/h)，f0Is the initial permeability (m)2H), t is the duration of rainfall, and α is the decay index.
Wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein d is water depth, and V is water surface accumulated quantity (m)3) And A is the surface area (m) of the drainage area2) I is net rain and Q is outflow (m)2/s)。
Wherein the Manning equation is as follows:
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, n is the Manning coefficient, W is the diffuse flow width (m) of the sub-basin, dpThe surface water retention depth (m) is shown.
Step S48: and solving a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation based on the discharge water flow outlet of the designated place obtained by the surface convergence simulation prediction in combination with a dynamic wave water flow calculation method to calculate the flow speed and the water depth in the pipeline, and simulating the underground pipe network water flow conveying process by using the concept of a storage unit on a grid. The Saint Vietnam equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
wherein Q isxIs the volume flow in the x cartesian direction, a is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, h is the water depth, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of manning, R is the hydraulic radius, t is the time, x is the distance in the x cartesian direction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protective scope of the present invention. While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The urban inland inundation modeling method considering the building micro hydrological process is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly deeply analyzing the hydrological process of the roof of the building, processing a rainwater inlet and a drainage pipe network of the roof of the building, and constructing a three-dimensional water catchment network based on drainage facilities of the building;
step S2: analyzing the three-dimensional space structure characteristics of the building, and taking the roof short wall into consideration to further correct the surface elevation on the basis of increasing the ground elevation where the building is located;
step S3: the urban surface rainwater catchment area is divided according to the principle that the urban surface rainwater catchment area is thinned layer by layer from large to small by combining the influence of terrains, roads, buildings and various artificial drainage facilities on the urban convergence process;
step S4: based on the analysis of the surface and underground pipe network water flow process, a surface and underground pipe network water flow exchange coupling method is provided, a surface runoff process and an underground pipe network water flow conveying process are modeled, and an urban inland inundation model is constructed.
2. The method for modeling urban waterlogging taking into account the building micro-hydrological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 includes the following steps:
step S11: generalizing a rainwater port on the roof of a building into a real rainwater grate, performing attribute assignment and determining a rainwater point coordinate corresponding to the rainwater port;
step S12: assigning attributes such as a rainwater pipe point number, a pipe point burial depth and a pipe point elevation value of the generalized rainwater point; setting the buried depth of the pipe point to be 0, and setting the pipe point elevation value to be the sum of the corresponding ground elevation value of the rainwater inlet and the height of the building;
step S13: connecting rainwater points formed by generalizing roof rainwater openings of a building with nearest rainwater points on the periphery of the building, and establishing a communication relation between a building catchment network and an urban rainwater pipe network;
step S14: the method comprises the steps of carrying out actual investigation and collection on a drainage pipe network, and assigning values to attributes such as pipe section names, pipe section starting points, pipe section end points, pipe section starting point burial depths, pipe section end point burial depths, pipe diameters and the like of the rainwater pipe network to form a building three-dimensional catchment network which accords with reality.
3. The method for modeling urban waterlogging taking into account the building micro-hydrological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 further includes the steps of:
s21: aligning the building edge with the grid cell boundary so that the roof elevation can correctly describe the location of the building;
s22: converting the building surface elements into grid data with the same resolution, and generalizing the building height into the grid height;
s23: superposing the grid height corresponding to the building on the original DEM, thereby completing the fusion of the DEM and the building information;
s24: because a short wall is usually built around the roof of the building, the elevation value of the boundary of the building is corrected by acquiring the elevation value of the grid corresponding to the boundary of the building, so that the elevation value of the boundary of the building meets the boundary condition of the roof of the actual building.
4. The method for modeling urban waterlogging taking into account the building micro-hydrological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31: performing flow direction extraction, pseudo-depression filling, confluence cumulant calculation, natural water system extraction and catchment area generation operation on DEM data of an area to be divided to obtain a catchment area divided based on a terrain;
step S32: automatically extracting the central line of the road trunk and the contour line of the building, and further dividing the existing catchment area;
step S33: screening sub-catchment surface elements which contain pipe points and the number of the pipe points is more than 1 based on the sub-catchment areas, and dividing the Thiessen polygons based on the pipe points in the catchment areas;
step S34: and according to the three-dimensional water collection network of the building constructed in the S1, taking the rainwater port of the roof of the building as a rainwater point, and dividing the sub-water collection units of the building based on the rainwater point generalized by the rainwater port.
5. The method for modeling urban waterlogging taking into account the building micro-hydrological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S41: by extracting the row number and the column number of the DEM grid, the coordinate value (x) of the corresponding grid is judged and calculated1，y1)；
Step S42: extracting coordinate value (x) of underground pipe point2，y2) Traversing the DEM grid of the research area according to the coordinate, finding the grid with rainwater pipe points, and determining the corresponding relation;
step S43: calculating a water head corresponding to each pipe network node by using a one-dimensional underground pipe network model, and obtaining the water depth H corresponding to the rainwater pipe point by subtracting the pipe point elevation from the water head1D(ii) a Then, the grid corresponding to the DEM on the earth surface is found through the coordinates of the rainwater pipe points, and the water depth H on the grid corresponding to the DEM is calculated by utilizing a two-dimensional earth surface overflow model2D；
Step S44: judging whether the condition Z is satisfied2D≤H1D≤H2D，Z2DIs the elevation of the earth's surface; if yes, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, otherwise, entering the step S45; wherein the orifice outflow formula is as follows:
wherein q isvDenotes the flow rate, CqThe flow coefficient is shown, A is the cross-sectional area of the orifice, g is the gravity acceleration, and H1-H2 are the water head difference;
step S45: judging whether the elevation value of the DEM unit grid where the pipe point is located is smaller than the elevation values corresponding to all the peripheral DEM grid units, namely the rainwater well is completely covered by the current rainwater, if so, selecting an orifice outflow formula to calculate the exchange flow, and otherwise, entering the step S46;
step S46: and calculating the exchange flow by selecting a weir flow formula as follows:
wherein Q represents a flow rate, m represents a flow rate coefficient, B represents an overflow width, g represents a gravitational acceleration, and H0Representing the total head over the weir;
step S47: selecting a Horton model to calculate the infiltration amount, simulating surface runoff by a nonlinear reservoir model, and solving by inputting parameters such as the area, the width and the gradient of a sub-catchment area, a surface Manning coefficient, a stagnant storage amount and the like in parallel by a Riemann formula and a continuous equation to complete the modeling of the surface runoff process; the Horton model empirical formula is as follows:
fP＝f∞+(f0-f∞)e-αt
wherein f ispIs the infiltration rate (m) of the soil2/h)，f∞To stabilize the infiltration rate (m)2/h)，f0Is the initial permeability (m)2T is the duration of rainfall, and alpha is the attenuation index;
wherein the continuous equation is as follows:
wherein d is water depth, and V is water surface (m) and water volume3) And A is the surface area (m) of the drainage area2)，i*For clear rain, Q is the outflow (m)2/s)；
Wherein the Manning equation is as follows:
wherein S is the width of the sub-basin, n is the Manning coefficient, W is the diffuse flow width (m) of the sub-basin, dpThe surface water retention depth (m);
step S48: solving a one-dimensional Saint-Venn equation based on the discharge water flow outlet of the specified place obtained by the surface convergence simulation prediction in combination with a dynamic wave water flow calculation method to calculate the flow speed and the water depth in the pipeline, and simulating the underground pipe network water flow conveying process by utilizing the concept of a storage unit on the grid; the saint-wien equation consists of a momentum equation and a continuity equation of a one-dimensional all-shallow water equation:
wherein QxIs the volume flow in the x cartesian direction, a is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, h is the water depth, z is the high level, g is the gravity, n is the friction coefficient of manning, R is the hydraulic radius, t is the time, x is the distance in the x cartesian direction.
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