CN114644422A - Electroplating wastewater precise treatment system for quality-divided treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater - Google Patents
Electroplating wastewater precise treatment system for quality-divided treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electroplating wastewater precise treatment system for performing quality-based treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater, and particularly relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment. According to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater, the method of corresponding wastewater treatment is adopted, the chromium-containing wastewater is subjected to acidification reduction and flocculation precipitation, the cyanide-containing wastewater is subjected to two-stage cyanide breaking and flocculation precipitation, the chemical nickel plating wastewater is subjected to Fenton oxidation and flocculation precipitation, the nickel electroplating wastewater is subjected to flocculation precipitation, the acid-base wastewater is subjected to oil separation and flocculation precipitation, filtration and adsorption, the electroplating wastewater is treated by the process of combining microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis and then can be recycled as reclaimed water, so that the synchronous treatment effect on different electroplating wastewater is realized, the electroplating wastewater treatment system can be used for treating different electroplating wastewater in a classified collection and quality-classified treatment mode according to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater, the effective treatment effect on the electroplating wastewater is realized, and the utilization rate of the electroplating wastewater is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to an electroplating wastewater precise treatment system for performing quality-based treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater.
Background
The electroplating wastewater is a wastewater with a certain amount of acid, alkali, heavy metal ions and other toxic substances generated in the electroplating production process, the quality of the electroplating wastewater is complex, cyanide belongs to a highly toxic substance, the heavy metal ions also have very high toxicity, only 30-40% of all metals used in the electroplating process are effectively utilized, the electroplating process is one of main heavy metal industrial pollution, the heavy metal ions are easily biologically enriched through a food chain, and some highly toxic substances are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, and form a serious threat to the biological and human health.
The untreated electroplating wastewater reaching the standard is discharged into river channels, ponds and seeps into the underground, which not only harms the environment, but also pollutes drinking water and industrial water, and some of the untreated electroplating wastewater also belongs to carcinogenic and distortional highly toxic substances. Heavy metal pollution's toxicity is big, belongs to the conservative substance of nondegradation, just can shift in the natural environment, is difficult to eliminate, leads to electroplating effluent to be difficult to obtain effectual management to the damage of environment, simultaneously, is difficult to carry out effectual recycle to electroplating effluent, leads to the condition that the water resource appears a large amount of wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an electroplating wastewater precise treatment system for performing quality-based treatment according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the untreated electroplating wastewater reaching the standard is discharged into a river channel, a pond and the underground, which not only harms the environment, but also pollutes drinking water and industrial water, and some of the untreated electroplating wastewater also belongs to carcinogenic and distortional highly toxic substances. Heavy metal pollution's toxicity is big, belongs to the conservative substance of nondegradation, just can shift in the natural environment, is difficult to eliminate, leads to electroplating effluent to be difficult to obtain effectual management to the damage of environment, simultaneously, is difficult to carry out effectual recycle to electroplating effluent, leads to the problem that the water resource appears a large amount of wastes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an electroplating wastewater accurate treatment system for performing quality-based treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater comprises the following steps:
under the acidic condition, adding a reducing agent NaHSO3 into chromium-containing wastewater to reduce Cr6+ in the wastewater to Cr3+, adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be alkaline, and enabling the Cr3+ to generate and remove insoluble Cr (0H)3, wherein the chemical reaction formula for reducing Cr6+ to Cr3+ is as follows:
2H2Cr2O7+6NaHSO3+3H2SO4→2Cr2(SO4)3+3Na2SO4+8H20Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH→2Cr(OH)3↓+3Na2S04。
the processing steps are as follows: the reduction rate of Cr6+ in the reduction of Cr6+ depends on the factors such as reaction time, pH value of wastewater, dosage of reducing agent and the like, the pH value of the wastewater is low, which is favorable for the reduction of Cr6+, and when the pH value is more than 3, the reaction speed is very slow, so that the pH value is controlled to be between 2.5 and 3.0 in actual production, and enough dosage of the reducing agent is a necessary condition for completely reducing Cr6+, and the actual dosage is 30 to 60 percent higher than the theoretical dosage due to the influence of other impurities in the wastewater, because the pH value of the wastewater is low, the acid consumption is high, the treatment cost is increased, and the corrosion prevention of equipment pipelines is increased.
Precipitation of Cr (OH) 3: cr (OH)3 is amphoteric, when the pH value is too high (pH is greater than 9), the formed Cr (OH)3 can be redissolved into NaCrO2, and when the pH value is too low (pH is less than 5.6), precipitation can not be formed, the influence of the solution pH value on the precipitation effect of Cr (OH)3 is achieved, the pH value is 8-9, Cr (OH)3 is completely precipitated, the residual Cr3+ in the solution is minimum, the pH value is controlled to be about 8, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
First flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 1-3H, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Two-stage cyanogen breaking: during treatment, an online automatic monitoring and automatic dosing system is adopted for controlling the pH value and the dosing amount of the oxidant, the first-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 300-350mV, the second-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 600-700mV, during actual operation, the oxidation-reduction potential when cyanide reaches the standard is taken as a control parameter, after reaction, the residual chlorine amount in the wastewater is within the range of 2-5mg/L, and in addition, the cyanide breaking reaction tank is closed by covering to prevent harmful gas from escaping, and a ventilation system is established.
Second flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 30-50min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Fenton oxidation: stirring the chemical nickel plating wastewater by using a magnetic stirring tank, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using 10% sulfuric acid, adding FeSO4 and 30% H202 to perform oxidation complex breaking reaction, adding 5% lime and 10% liquid alkali to adjust the pH value to 10-11 after the reaction is finished, aerating, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM, taking supernatant after standing for 30min to detect the total nickel concentration, taking the supernatant to perform secondary treatment, adding 10% heavy-duty agent, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM after the reaction is completed, and standing for 30 min.
And (3) third flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the stirring tank, then waiting for 20-40min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Oil removal treatment: the wastewater is injected into the oil separation tank, the acid-base wastewater is isolated by the parallel partition plates in the oil separation tank, the oil drops float upwards to touch the parallel plates, the fine oil drops condense into a large oil film under the plates, and the oil drops are shortened in ascending distance due to the arrangement of a plurality of layers of parallel plates in the tank, so that the acid-base wastewater is subjected to oil separation treatment.
Fourth flocculation and precipitation: the wastewater is sent to the high-efficiency air-floating water purifier by a submersible sewage pump, and simultaneously, an oil flocculating agent XC-3 is added for air-floating physicochemical treatment.
Fine processing: the wastewater after oil removal is filtered and adsorbed to obtain primary treated wastewater, and then the primary treated wastewater is treated in the next step.
Reclaimed water treatment
Carrying out microfiltration treatment: the wastewater is subjected to microfiltration, the microfiltration adopts a symmetrical membrane with the caliber of 0.1 mu m to filter the wastewater, and the next step is carried out after the filtration is finished.
② ultrafiltration treatment: the wastewater after microfiltration is ultrafiltered, the wastewater is subjected to filtering treatment by adopting an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 10nm, and in the filtering engineering, the wastewater is extruded by an external compressor, so that the wastewater is pushed to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane to realize the filtering effect, and substances with large molecular weight can be intercepted by the micropore screening on the surface of the membrane to obtain final treated water.
Thirdly, reverse osmosis treatment: through carrying out reverse osmosis treatment to final treated water, reverse osmosis treatment adopts the asymmetric membrane of bore 0.1nm, and at filterable in-process, need exert pressure in the processing jar of storage liquid in filtering simultaneously, passes reverse osmosis membrane's opposite side with liquid extrusion through pressure, plays the effect of getting rid of impurity.
And (3) evaporator treatment: the concentrated water after reverse osmosis can directly reach the standard of the ministry after being treated by the evaporator, and can be directly discharged.
As a further scheme of the invention: the symmetrical membrane for the middle water treatment and the micro-filtration is made of polypropylene.
As a further scheme of the invention: the symmetric membrane in the ultrafiltration treatment of the reclaimed water is made of polyamide.
As a further scheme of the invention: the symmetric membrane in the reverse osmosis treatment of the reclaimed water is made of polyacrylamide, and the pressure of 9.5-10.5Mpa is arranged in a treatment tank for storing liquid in the reverse osmosis treatment of the reclaimed water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a corresponding method for treating the electroplating wastewater according to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater, the chromium-containing wastewater adopts acidification reduction and flocculation precipitation, the cyanogen-containing wastewater adopts two-stage cyanogen breaking and flocculation precipitation, the chemical nickel plating wastewater adopts Fenton oxidation and flocculation precipitation, the nickel electroplating wastewater adopts flocculation precipitation, the acid-base wastewater adopts oil removal and flocculation precipitation, filtration and adsorption, the electroplating wastewater can be used as reclaimed water for reuse after being treated by the process combining microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the reverse osmosis concentrated water is treated by an evaporator and discharged after reaching the standard, thereby realizing the synchronous treatment effect on different electroplating wastewater, leading the electroplating wastewater treatment system to carry out treatment by classification collection and quality-based treatment according to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater, thereby playing an effective treatment effect on the electroplating wastewater and ensuring the utilization rate of the electroplating wastewater.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an electroplating wastewater accurate treatment system for performing quality-based treatment according to characteristics of electroplating wastewater comprises the following steps:
under the acidic condition, adding a reducing agent NaHSO3 into chromium-containing wastewater to reduce Cr6+ in the wastewater to Cr3+, adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be alkaline, and enabling the Cr3+ to generate and remove insoluble Cr (0H)3, wherein the chemical reaction formula for reducing Cr6+ to Cr3+ is as follows:
2H2Cr2O7+6NaHSO3+3H2SO4→2Cr2(SO4)3+3Na2SO4+8H20Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH→2Cr(OH)3↓+3Na2S04。
the processing steps are as follows: the reduction rate of Cr6+ in the reduction of Cr6+ depends on the factors such as reaction time, pH value of wastewater, dosage of reducing agent and the like, the pH value of the wastewater is low, which is favorable for the reduction of Cr6+, and when the pH value is more than 3, the reaction speed is very slow, so that the pH value is controlled to be between 2.5 and 3.0 in actual production, and enough dosage of the reducing agent is a necessary condition for completely reducing Cr6+, and the actual dosage is 30 to 60 percent higher than the theoretical dosage due to the influence of other impurities in the wastewater, because the pH value of the wastewater is low, the acid consumption is high, the treatment cost is increased, and the corrosion prevention of equipment pipelines is increased.
Precipitation of Cr (OH) 3: cr (OH)3 is amphoteric, when the pH value is too high (pH is greater than 9), the formed Cr (OH)3 can be redissolved into NaCrO2, and when the pH value is too low (pH is less than 5.6), precipitation can not be formed, the influence of the solution pH value on the precipitation effect of Cr (OH)3 is achieved, the pH value is 8-9, Cr (OH)3 is completely precipitated, the residual Cr3+ in the solution is minimum, the pH value is controlled to be about 8, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
First flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 1-3H, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Two-stage cyanogen breaking: during treatment, an online automatic monitoring and automatic dosing system is adopted for controlling the pH value and the dosing amount of the oxidant, the first-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 300-350mV, the second-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 600-700mV, during actual operation, the oxidation-reduction potential when cyanide reaches the standard is taken as a control parameter, after reaction, the residual chlorine amount in the wastewater is within the range of 2-5mg/L, and in addition, the cyanide breaking reaction tank is closed by covering to prevent harmful gas from escaping, and a ventilation system is established.
And (3) second flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 30-50min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Fenton oxidation: stirring chemical nickel plating wastewater by using a magnetic stirring tank, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using 10% sulfuric acid, adding FeSO4 and 30% H202 to perform oxidation complex breaking reaction, adding 5% lime and 10% liquid alkali to adjust the pH value to 10-11 after the reaction is finished, aerating, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM, standing for 30min, taking a supernatant to detect the total nickel concentration, taking the supernatant to perform secondary treatment, adding 10% heavy catching agent, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM after the reaction is finished, and standing for 30 min.
And (3) third flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the stirring tank, then waiting for 20-40min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Oil removal treatment: the wastewater is injected into the oil separation tank, the acid-base wastewater is isolated by the parallel partition plates in the oil separation tank, the oil drops float upwards to touch the parallel plates, the fine oil drops condense into a large oil film under the plates, and the oil drops are shortened in ascending distance due to the arrangement of a plurality of layers of parallel plates in the tank, so that the acid-base wastewater is subjected to oil separation treatment.
Fourth flocculation and precipitation: the wastewater is sent to the high-efficiency air-floating water purifier by a submersible sewage pump, and simultaneously, an oil flocculating agent XC-3 is added for air-floating physicochemical treatment.
Fine processing: the wastewater after oil removal is filtered and adsorbed to obtain primary treated wastewater, and then the primary treated wastewater is treated in the next step.
Reclaimed water treatment
Microfiltration treatment: the wastewater is subjected to microfiltration, the microfiltration adopts a symmetrical membrane with the caliber of 0.1 mu m to filter the wastewater, and the next step is carried out after the filtration is finished.
② ultrafiltration treatment: the wastewater after microfiltration is ultrafiltered, the wastewater is subjected to filtering treatment by adopting an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 10nm, and in the filtering engineering, the wastewater is extruded by an external compressor, so that the wastewater is pushed to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane to realize the filtering effect, and substances with large molecular weight can be intercepted by the micropore screening on the surface of the membrane to obtain final treated water.
Thirdly, reverse osmosis treatment: through carrying out reverse osmosis treatment to final treated water, reverse osmosis treatment adopts the asymmetric membrane of bore 0.1nm, and at filterable in-process, need exert pressure in the processing jar of storage liquid in filtering simultaneously, passes reverse osmosis membrane's opposite side with liquid extrusion through pressure, plays the effect of getting rid of impurity.
And (3) evaporator treatment: the concentrated water after reverse osmosis can directly reach the standard of the ministry after being treated by the evaporator, and can be directly discharged.
The symmetric membrane for the middle-water treatment microfiltration is made of polypropylene, the symmetric membrane for the middle-water treatment ultrafiltration treatment is made of polyamide, the symmetric membrane for the middle-water treatment reverse osmosis treatment is made of polyacrylamide, and a pressure of 9.5-10.5Mpa is arranged in a treatment tank for storing liquid in the middle-water treatment reverse osmosis treatment.
Example 2:
the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system which is used for carrying out quality-divided treatment according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater is the same as that of the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system 1, and the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system is only different from the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system in that the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system comprises the following steps:
under the acidic condition, adding a reducing agent NaHSO3 into chromium-containing wastewater to reduce Cr6+ in the wastewater to Cr3+, adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be alkaline, and enabling the Cr3+ to generate and remove insoluble Cr (0H)3, wherein the chemical reaction formula for reducing Cr6+ to Cr3+ is as follows:
2H2Cr2O7+6NaHSO3+3H2SO4→2Cr2(SO4)3+3Na2SO4+8H20Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH→2Cr(OH)3↓+3Na2S04。
the processing steps are as follows: the reduction rate of Cr6+ reduced by Cr6+ depends on reaction time, pH value of wastewater, dosage of reducing agent and other factors, the pH value of the wastewater is low, which is favorable for the reduction of Cr6+, and when the pH value is more than 3, the reaction speed becomes very slow, which takes into consideration that too low pH value causes large acid consumption, increases treatment cost and increases troubles for corrosion prevention of equipment pipelines, therefore, in actual production, the pH value is controlled to be between 2.5 and 3.0, and enough dosage of reducing agent is a necessary condition for completely reducing Cr6+, and the actual dosage is 30 to 60 percent higher than the theoretical dosage due to the influence of other impurities in the wastewater.
Precipitation of Cr (OH) 3: cr (OH)3 is amphoteric, when the pH value is too high (pH is greater than 9), the formed Cr (OH)3 can be redissolved into NaCrO2, and when the pH value is too low (pH is less than 5.6), precipitation can not be formed, the influence of the solution pH value on the precipitation effect of Cr (OH)3 is achieved, the pH value is 8-9, Cr (OH)3 is completely precipitated, the residual Cr3+ in the solution is minimum, the pH value is controlled to be about 8, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
First flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 1-3H, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Two-stage cyanogen breaking: during treatment, an online automatic monitoring and automatic dosing system is adopted for controlling the pH value and the dosing amount of the oxidant, the first-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 300-350mV, the second-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 600-700mV, during actual operation, the oxidation-reduction potential when cyanide reaches the standard is taken as a control parameter, after reaction, the residual chlorine amount in the wastewater is within the range of 2-5mg/L, and in addition, the cyanide breaking reaction tank is closed by covering to prevent harmful gas from escaping, and a ventilation system is established.
And (3) second flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 30-50min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Fenton oxidation: stirring the chemical nickel plating wastewater by using a magnetic stirring tank, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using 10% sulfuric acid, adding FeSO4 and 30% H202 to perform oxidation complex breaking reaction, adding 5% lime and 10% liquid alkali to adjust the pH value to 10-11 after the reaction is finished, aerating, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM, taking supernatant after standing for 30min to detect the total nickel concentration, taking the supernatant to perform secondary treatment, adding 10% heavy-duty agent, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM after the reaction is completed, and standing for 30 min.
And (3) third flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the stirring tank, then waiting for 20-40min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Oil removal treatment: the wastewater is injected into the oil separation tank, the acid-base wastewater is isolated by the parallel partition plates in the oil separation tank, the oil drops float upwards to touch the parallel plates, the fine oil drops condense into a large oil film under the plates, and the oil drops are shortened in ascending distance due to the arrangement of a plurality of layers of parallel plates in the tank, so that the acid-base wastewater is subjected to oil separation treatment.
Fourth flocculation and precipitation: the wastewater is sent to the high-efficiency air-floating water purifier by a submersible sewage pump, and simultaneously, an oil flocculating agent XC-3 is added for air-floating physicochemical treatment.
Fine processing: the wastewater after oil removal is filtered and adsorbed to obtain primary treated wastewater, and then the primary treated wastewater is treated in the next step.
Reclaimed water treatment
Carrying out microfiltration treatment: the wastewater is subjected to microfiltration, the microfiltration adopts a symmetrical membrane with the caliber of 0.1 mu m to filter the wastewater, and the next step is carried out after the filtration is finished.
② ultrafiltration treatment: the wastewater after microfiltration is ultrafiltered, the wastewater is subjected to filtering treatment by adopting an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 10nm, and in the filtering engineering, the wastewater is extruded by an external compressor, so that the wastewater is pushed to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane to realize the filtering effect, and substances with large molecular weight can be intercepted by the micropore screening on the surface of the membrane to obtain final treated water.
Thirdly, reverse osmosis treatment: the final treated water is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment, and an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 0.1nm is adopted in the reverse osmosis treatment, so that the effect of removing impurities is achieved.
And (3) evaporator treatment: the concentrated water after reverse osmosis can directly reach the standard of outsourcing after being treated by an evaporator, and can be directly discharged.
The symmetric membrane for the middle water treatment microfiltration is made of polypropylene, the symmetric membrane for the middle water treatment ultrafiltration treatment is made of polyamide, and the symmetric membrane for the middle water treatment reverse osmosis treatment is made of polyacrylamide.
Example 3:
the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system which is used for carrying out quality-divided treatment according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater is the same as the system 1, and the precise electroplating wastewater treatment system is only different from the system 1 in that the system comprises the following steps:
under the acidic condition, adding a reducing agent NaHSO3 into chromium-containing wastewater to reduce Cr6+ in the wastewater to Cr3+, adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be alkaline, and enabling the Cr3+ to generate and remove insoluble Cr (0H)3, wherein the chemical reaction formula for reducing Cr6+ to Cr3+ is as follows:
2H2Cr2O7+6NaHSO3+3H2SO4→2Cr2(SO4)3+3Na2SO4+8H20Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH→2Cr(OH)3↓+3Na2S04。
the processing steps are as follows: the reduction rate of Cr6+ in the reduction of Cr6+ depends on the factors such as reaction time, pH value of wastewater, dosage of reducing agent and the like, the pH value of the wastewater is low, which is favorable for the reduction of Cr6+, and when the pH value is more than 3, the reaction speed is very slow, so that the pH value is controlled to be between 2.5 and 3.0 in actual production, and enough dosage of the reducing agent is a necessary condition for completely reducing Cr6+, and the actual dosage is 30 to 60 percent higher than the theoretical dosage due to the influence of other impurities in the wastewater, because the pH value of the wastewater is low, the acid consumption is high, the treatment cost is increased, and the corrosion prevention of equipment pipelines is increased.
Precipitation of Cr (OH) 3: cr (OH)3 is amphoteric, when the pH value is too high (pH is greater than 9), the formed Cr (OH)3 can be redissolved into NaCrO2, and when the pH value is too low (pH is less than 5.6), precipitation can not be formed, the influence of the solution pH value on the precipitation effect of Cr (OH)3 is achieved, the pH value is 8-9, Cr (OH)3 is completely precipitated, the residual Cr3+ in the solution is minimum, the pH value is controlled to be about 8, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
First flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 1-3H, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Two-stage cyanogen breaking: during treatment, an online automatic monitoring and automatic dosing system is adopted for controlling the pH value and the dosing amount of the oxidant, the first-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 300-350mV, the second-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 600-700mV, during actual operation, the oxidation-reduction potential when cyanide reaches the standard is taken as a control parameter, after reaction, the residual chlorine amount in the wastewater is within the range of 2-5mg/L, and in addition, the cyanide breaking reaction tank is closed by covering to prevent harmful gas from escaping, and a ventilation system is established.
And (3) second flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, then waiting for 30-50min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Fenton oxidation: stirring the chemical nickel plating wastewater by using a magnetic stirring tank, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using 10% sulfuric acid, adding FeSO4 and 30% H202 to perform oxidation complex breaking reaction, adding 5% lime and 10% liquid alkali to adjust the pH value to 10-11 after the reaction is finished, aerating, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM, taking supernatant after standing for 30min to detect the total nickel concentration, taking the supernatant to perform secondary treatment, adding 10% heavy-duty agent, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM after the reaction is completed, and standing for 30 min.
And (3) third flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the stirring tank, then waiting for 20-40min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished.
Oil removal treatment: the wastewater is injected into the oil separation tank, the acid-base wastewater is isolated by the parallel partition plates in the oil separation tank, the oil drops float upwards to touch the parallel plates, the fine oil drops condense into a large oil film under the plates, and the oil drops are shortened in ascending distance due to the arrangement of a plurality of layers of parallel plates in the tank, so that the acid-base wastewater is subjected to oil separation treatment.
Fourth flocculation and precipitation: the wastewater is sent to an efficient air-floating water purifier by a submersible sewage pump, and simultaneously, an oil flocculating agent XC-3 is added for air-floating physicochemical treatment.
Fine processing: the wastewater after oil removal is filtered and adsorbed to obtain primary treated wastewater, and then the primary treated wastewater is treated in the next step.
Reclaimed water treatment
Carrying out microfiltration treatment: the wastewater is subjected to microfiltration, the microfiltration adopts a symmetrical membrane with the caliber of 0.1 mu m to filter the wastewater, and the next step is carried out after the filtration is finished.
Reverse osmosis treatment: through carrying out reverse osmosis treatment to final treated water, reverse osmosis treatment adopts the asymmetric membrane of bore 0.1nm, and at filterable in-process, need exert pressure in the processing jar of storage liquid in filtering simultaneously, passes reverse osmosis membrane's opposite side with liquid extrusion through pressure, plays the effect of getting rid of impurity.
And (3) evaporator treatment: the concentrated water after reverse osmosis can directly reach the standard of outsourcing after being treated by an evaporator, and can be directly discharged.
The symmetric membrane for the middle-water treatment microfiltration is made of polypropylene, the symmetric membrane for the middle-water treatment reverse osmosis treatment is made of polyacrylamide, and a pressure intensity of 9.5-10.5Mpa is arranged in a treatment tank for storing liquid in the middle-water treatment reverse osmosis treatment.
The following table is obtained according to examples 1 to 3:
| reverse osmosis pressurization | Ultra-filtration treatment | Effect of treatment | |
| Example 1 | Is that | Is that | The reverse osmosis membrane is not easy to block, and the filtering effect is obvious |
| Example 2 | Whether or not | Is that | The reverse osmosis membrane is not easy to block, the filtration time is long, and the efficiency is low |
| Example 3 | Is that | Whether or not | The reverse osmosis membrane is not blocked and has low filtering effect |
From the comparison in the table above, it can be seen that: when handling waste water, adopt ultrafiltration treatment, but do not adopt reverse osmosis pressurization treatment, because through ultrafiltration treatment, the too big impurity of a large amount of granule will be filtered, but pressure crosses lowly leads to when handling waste water, the waste water velocity of flow crosses lowly, not only consuming time overlength, and be difficult to the efficiency of guarantee treatment waste water, do not adopt ultrafiltration treatment, because lack the different filter membrane filtration in one deck hole, lead to the surface of a large amount of granule impurity adhesions at reverse osmosis membrane, and block up reverse osmosis membrane, the damaged condition of reverse osmosis membrane appears even, not only influence the filter effect, and be difficult to ensure the treatment effect of this processing system to waste water.
Electroplating wastewater can be used as reclaimed water for reuse after being treated by a multi-combination process and treated by a process combining micro-filtration, ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis, and reverse osmosis concentrated water is treated by an evaporator and then discharged after reaching the standard, so that the synchronous treatment effect on different electroplating wastewater is realized, the electroplating wastewater treatment system can treat different electroplating wastewater in a classified collection and quality-divided treatment mode according to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater, the effective treatment effect on the electroplating wastewater is achieved, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of the electroplating wastewater is ensured.
The points to be finally explained are: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The precise electroplating wastewater treatment system for the quality-divided treatment according to the characteristics of the electroplating wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
under the acidic condition, adding a reducing agent NaHSO3 into chromium-containing wastewater to reduce Cr6+ in the wastewater to Cr3+, adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be alkaline, and enabling the Cr3+ to generate and remove insoluble Cr (0H)3, wherein the chemical reaction formula for reducing Cr6+ to Cr3+ is as follows:
2H2Cr2O7+6NaHSO3+3H2SO4→2Cr2(SO4)3+3Na2SO4+8H20Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH→2Cr(OH)3↓+3Na2S04；
the processing steps are as follows: the reduction rate of Cr6+ in the reduction of Cr6+ depends on factors such as reaction time, pH value of wastewater, addition amount of a reducing agent and the like, the pH value of the wastewater is low, and is favorable for the reduction of Cr6+, when the pH value is more than 3, the reaction speed is very slow, the problem of high acid consumption and treatment cost due to too low pH value is considered, and the corrosion prevention of equipment pipelines is increased, so that in the actual production, the pH value is controlled to be between 2.5 and 3.0, and the sufficient addition amount of the reducing agent is a necessary condition for completely reducing Cr6+, and the actual dosage is 30 to 60 percent higher than the theoretical dosage due to the influence of other impurities in the wastewater;
precipitation of Cr (OH) 3: cr (OH)3 is amphoteric, when the pH value is too high (pH is greater than 9), the generated Cr (OH)3 can be re-dissolved into NaCrO2, while when the pH value is too low (pH is less than 5.6), precipitation can not be generated, the influence of the solution pH value on the precipitation effect of Cr (OH)3 is that the pH value is between 8 and 9, the precipitation of Cr (OH)3 is the most complete, the residual Cr3+ in the solution is the least, the pH value is controlled to be about 8, and the reaction time is 20-30 min;
first flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, waiting for 1-2H, and performing the next step after the precipitation is finished;
two-stage cyanogen breaking: during treatment, an online automatic monitoring and automatic dosing system is adopted for controlling the pH value and the dosing amount of the oxidant, the first-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 300-350mV, the second-stage oxidation-reduction potential is about 600-700mV, during actual operation, the oxidation-reduction potential when cyanide reaches the standard is taken as a control parameter, after reaction, the residual chlorine amount in the wastewater is within the range of 2-5mg/L, and in addition, the cyanide breaking reaction tank is closed by covering to prevent harmful gas from escaping, and a ventilation system is established;
second flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the treatment tank, waiting for 30-50min, and performing the next step after the precipitation is finished;
fenton oxidation: stirring the chemical nickel plating wastewater by using a magnetic stirring tank, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using 10% sulfuric acid, adding FeSO4 and 30% H202 to perform oxidation complex breaking reaction, adding 5% lime and 10% liquid alkali to adjust the pH value to 10-11 after the reaction is finished, aerating, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM, taking supernatant after standing for 30min to detect the total nickel concentration, taking the supernatant to perform secondary treatment, adding 10% heavy catching agent, adding 5% PAC and 0.05% PAM after the reaction is completed, and standing for 30 min;
and (3) third flocculation and precipitation: adding a coagulant into the stirring tank, then waiting for 20-40min, and carrying out the next step after the precipitation is finished;
oil removal treatment: the wastewater is injected into an oil separation tank, the acid-base wastewater is isolated by parallel partition plates in the oil separation tank, fine oil drops are condensed into a larger oil film under the plates because the oil drops float upwards to touch the parallel plates, and the rising distance of the oil drops is shortened because a plurality of layers of parallel plates are arranged in the tank, so that the oil separation treatment of the acid-base wastewater is realized;
fourth flocculation and precipitation: conveying the wastewater to an efficient air-flotation water purifier by a submersible sewage pump, and simultaneously adding an oil flocculant XC-3 for air-flotation physicochemical treatment;
fine processing: filtering and adsorbing the wastewater after oil removal to obtain primary treated wastewater, and then carrying out next treatment;
reclaimed water treatment
Carrying out microfiltration treatment: performing microfiltration on the wastewater, wherein the microfiltration adopts a symmetrical membrane with the caliber of 0.1 mu m to filter the wastewater, and performing the next step after the filtration is finished;
② ultrafiltration treatment: performing ultrafiltration on the wastewater after microfiltration, wherein the wastewater is subjected to filtration treatment by adopting an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 10nm, and in the filtration engineering, the wastewater is extruded by an external compressor, so that the wastewater is pushed to pass through the ultrafiltration membrane to realize the filtration effect, and substances with high molecular weight can be intercepted by the micropore on the surface of the membrane to obtain final treated water;
thirdly, reverse osmosis treatment: the final treated water is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment, an asymmetric membrane with the caliber of 0.1nm is adopted for the reverse osmosis treatment, meanwhile, in the filtering process, pressure needs to be applied to a treatment tank for storing liquid in the filtering process, and the liquid is extruded to penetrate through the other side of the reverse osmosis membrane through the pressure, so that the effect of removing impurities is achieved;
and (3) evaporator treatment: the concentrated water after reverse osmosis can directly reach the standard of the ministry after being treated by the evaporator, and can be directly discharged.
2. The electroplating wastewater precision treatment system according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater, which is characterized in that: the symmetric membrane for the treatment in the microfiltration of the reclaimed water treatment is made of polypropylene.
3. The electroplating wastewater precision treatment system according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater, which is characterized in that: the symmetric membrane in the ultrafiltration treatment of the reclaimed water is made of polyamide.
4. The electroplating wastewater precision treatment system according to the characteristics of electroplating wastewater and the quality classification treatment, which is characterized in that: the symmetric membrane in the reverse osmosis treatment of the reclaimed water is made of polyacrylamide, and the pressure of 9.5-10.5Mpa is arranged in a treatment tank for storing liquid in the reverse osmosis treatment of the reclaimed water.
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